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278
THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY.
(NOVEMBER, 1878.
parent. The Sěn Tamil has two primary forms, in the singular number; lst Villa, 2nd Villina, the nominative and the oblique, the latter derived before the plural number. The variations in Kodun from the former variously according to the termi- Tamil are-1st Villin, 2nd Villudaya, 3rd Vilnation: the oblique form has its appropriate gram- linadaya, without discrimination before singular matical uses in the superior dialect, but in Kodun and plural. The MalayAlma takes its genitive Tamil it serves only as a genitive; in both, how- from the third form of the Sěn Tamil, expungever, the terminations of the cases are added either ing the penult a, converting the final, as usual, to the nominative or oblique form, in the former to ja, and, according to the rules of Tami) etymo at pleasure, in the latter under certain restrictions. logy, substituting with the sound of d for that The term I have selected for the following com- letter after a finaln; villinadu thus becomes villind, parison has its nominative form Vil, its oblique pronounood villindd. The variations of the other form Villin, and the variations of the fifth or geni- cases from their prototype, where they exist, tive case in śěn Tamil are—Ist Villadu, 2nd might be similarly traged, but they are too minute Villadu, 3rd Villanadu, 4th Villinddu, before words to render this necessary.
Śån Tamil. Kodun Tamil. Ma. Tamil. English. N. S. Vil. Pl. Villuga! Villu-Villuga! Villu-Villukal a bor, bowl. A. Villanei - galei Villei - gaļei Villine - kale a box.
Villinâl - gall ViAl - gaļl Villinál - ka!A1 by a box. 1.AD. Villinôdu- galodu Villodu - gaļôdu Villinoda - kaļoda with a bow. D. Villukku - gatku Vilukku-galukku Villina - kaļukka to a bow. 2.Ab. Villil - gaļil wanting
wanting from a bow. G. Villinadu.galadu Villin - galudeiya Villinda. kalude in a bow.
3.Ab. Villukkan-gatkan Villil . galil Villil - kaļil of a bow. The k, though written, has in pronunciation, as cusative; as, Kodun, Idai kattilum adu nalludu; Malais usually the case in Malayalma, the sound of g. yAlma, Ida kattilum ada nalla, literally, though this
The fifth case or second ablative of the săn be shown that is good.' The first meaning of this Tamil is supplied in the Kodun and Malay ma by case is expressed in Kodun and Malayala Tamil particles: the more general use of this case in the respectively by the gerunds nindu-nin, standing.' high language is to indicate motion from a place, after the seventh case. and to compare the qualities of things, for which The pronouns in each dialect are declined nearly in English the prepositions from and than are em as the nouns: the śěn Tamil, as in the nouns, ployed, and in the latter sense the causal form is has one or more oblique forms to which tho occasionally used in both dialects, though it is
causal terminations are added. The following more generally expressed by the verbal form kdt- comparison will show the variations of the three tilum, meaning though shown,' preceded by an ao dialects :Son Tamil. Kodan Tamil.
Malaya)ma. Sing.
Plu. Sing. Plu. Sing. Plu. Nom. Nân, Nam Nân-gal Nân , NÂm NÅn-ga! Nan , Nam Nanna! I, we. Obl. form En, Ém Nam En-Nam. Ac. Énnei, Emmei Nammei Ennei- Eng-gale Enne Namme Nannale me, we. Nom. Ni, Nir Nin-ga! Niy - Nir Nin-ga! NI ... Ninnal thou, ye. Obl. Un, Nin.. Um Un. Um. Ac. Unpei Ninnei. . Ummei Unnei-Ummei Un-gaļei Ninne Niye- Ninnale thee, you. Nom. Tân, Tôm Tôn-gal Tân , Tam Tân-gal Tân, Tarna! ho, they. Obl. Tan, Tam
Tan, Tam. Ac. Tannei, Tammei Tannei, Tammei Tan-galei Tanne.. Tannate him, them.
Tan, which in High Tamil is equivalent to the place of the second person singular in addressing Latin ipse or the English himself,' is so used also those to whom the speaker owes respect or rever. in Ködun Tamil; but more generally in that dia- ence. The demonstratives M. avan, F. aval, N. adu, lect the plural number of this pronoun, and both that man,' that woman,' that thing;' ivan, iva, idu, the singular and plural in Malayalma, usurps the this man,' &c.; čpan, éval, du, 'which men,' &o.
• The Latin and Sèn Tamil reject with the sternest rigi. abound. It is curious to trace a like aberration of the dity the discrimination of persons by adulatory phrases; human mind, through correspondent periode, in countries in all the modern dialects of these languages such phrmesso distant.
