________________
Six results affecting
class of
jīva.
Six physical blemishes.
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THE NINE CATEGORIES OF
that of feeling dismayed when assailed, either by words of hatred or contempt, or by an evil smell (Dugañcha). The remaining three minor faults (Puruşaveda, Striveda, Napumsakaveda) remind us how completely the Jaina ascetic has parted with love and affection, for if he be a true monk, he must form no friendship even with another monk, and similarly no nun may desire the companionship of another nun, or a neuter of a neuter. Though these nine minor faults are sins that the ascetic is specially bound to shun, they also show the things that the layman will do well to avoid, for the over-indulgence in any of them will result in rebirth.
Sin will further affect the class of beings into which one is born in the next incarnation, for the Jaina draw no barriers between animal and human life, and the result of sin in this life may be to accumulate a force (Tiryañc anupūrvi) which will cause one to be reborn on the next occasion as a beast or a bird (Tiryañc gati) or as a one-sensed, twosensed, three-sensed, or four-sensed being (Ekendriya nāma, Be-indriya nama, Tri-indriya nama, Corendriya nama).
Sin also results in personal ugliness of various kinds. If one sees some one who walks in a very ugly way like a camel or a donkey, one knows at once that it is the result of sin (Asubha vihayogati); certain ugly diseases (Upaghāta nama), such as boils under the tongue, discases of the throat, teeth dropping out, or curvature of the spine, are caused by sin. Indians very much admire a complexion of the colour of ripe wheat and dislike a very dark skin; and Jaina believe that complexions are the result of conduct in a past life, and that a really black skin is the fruit of sin (Asubha varna). So is an unpleasant bodily smell (Asubha gandha), unpleasant bodily essence (Asubha rasa), and a skin that is unpleasant to the touch (Asubha sparsa). The general result of beliefs of this kind is to dry up sympathy for sufferers from bodily defects.
Sin also results in loss of bodily strength, and to under
