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THE JAINA ASCETIC The five bhāvanā are as follows: First, a monk must ask permission of the owner before he occupy any one's house (Miugāha jāti). Then a junior monk must never use any food without showing what he has received in alms to his guru, and receiving his permission to eat it (Aưuņa vihapāņa bhoyane). Again, a monk must not be content to ask permission only once from the owner to use a house, but he must frequently ask if he may occupy it, and also ask how much of it he may use, and for how long a time (Uggahai siuggāhitaisī). He must not use any furniture, such as beds or seats, that may be in the house, without the owner's permission (Uggahari vauggahiinsa abhikhaņaiii). Lastly, if a sādhu arrives after another sādhu has already obtained permission to use the house, the second arrival must ask the first sādhu to go again and get permission for him also; and if the second sādhu arrives ill, the first must willingly give him all the room he needs (Anuvii mitoggaha jāti).
The following sloka describes these clauses :
One should ask for a place of residence after reflection, and renew the request every day: "I only need so much of it.” Thus speaking, one should renew his petition. With people of one's own rank one should ask in the same way. One should gain permission before eating
or drinking. In these ways the vow of non-stealing is respected.' iv. Brah. The monks, as their fourth promise, take the vow of macarya chastity (Brahmacarya), and the Sthānakavāsī monks in
Kathiāwād every night and morning repeat the following words:
"The vow of chastity is eighteen-fold. One should have no dealings with gods, human beings or animals of the opposite sex, should not encourage them, or cause others to do so, by speech, thought or deed.'
This vow also has its five strengthening or protective clauses. To prevent any approach to transgressions of the main vow, monks should not talk about a woman (Abhikhaņain itthinai kahari kaha itame); or look at the form of a woman (Manoharāi indiyāi äloetae); or even recall the
vrata.
