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RELIGIOUS CUSTOMS
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I now wish to arrest all the functions of my body. Before doing so, however, I pray for forgiveness if I have committed any fault (Atiċāra) in body, speech, or thought during this day, if I have acted contrary to the scriptures, or gone astray from the path of mokşa, or done anything against the laws of religion, or unworthy of doing; I ask forgiveness if I have thought evil of others, entertained unworthy thoughts, acted in ways undesirable, longed for undesirable things, or if I have done anything unworthy of a Śrāvaka (devout Jaina layman) in respect of the three Jewels, the three Gupti, the four Kaşāya, the five Aņuvrata, the three Gunavrata, the four Siksāvrata, or violated any of the twelve duties of a Srāvaka. May all such faults be forgiven.'
Theworshipper then performs the fourth part of Kāusagga by reciting the Tassottari pāțha, in which he says:
Sitting in one place I will now arrest all my bodily functions in order to purify and sanctify my spirit and to remove all darts (Šalya), and other sins from it. My arresting of bodily functions (Kāusagga) must not be regarded as broken, however, by any of the thirteen actions of inhaling, exhaling, coughing, sighing, sneezing, yawning, hiccoughing, giddiness, sickness, swooning, slight external or internal involuntary movement, or winking. I will also hold my spirit immovable in Kāusagga and in meditation and silence, until I recite Namo arihantānum ; until then I will keep it free from sin.'
The sixth and last part of Padikamaņuṁ is called PacaPačakhāņa and consists of vowing to abstain from four khaņa. kinds of food, for an hour if it is said at the morning Padikamanum, or for the coming night when it is repeated in the evening. The promise runs as follows:
I take a vow to abstain from the four following kinds of food : food, drink, fruits, spices, in thought, speech and deed. I promise to keep my soul away from those four, provided that they are not forced on me or given to me whilst I am in a state of unconsciousness or meditation.'
There are at least ten variations of this vow: a man may promise to eat only once a day, or not until three hours after sunrise, or to take only one sort of food, or to fast altogether; but every variation seems to show the stress the Jaina lay on the duty of fasting, an emphasis that is easily understood in a religion whose adherents hope eventually to die fasting,
