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212 THE JAINA LAYMAN AND no Jaina layman of any sect will acknowledge him as a religious person or salute him.
The layman vows not to go beyond set limits, such as Ceylon in the south, the Himalayas in the north, England in the west, and China in the east. The vow can be broken in five ways: by climbing too high; descending too low; going obliquely;
increasing the limits fixed; and forgetting these limits. vii. Upa. The second of the assistant vows, Upabhoga paribhoga bhoga
parimāņa, is intended to help people to keep their vows paribhoga against lying, covetousness and stealing, for it limits the pari
number of things a man may use. māna.
This vow is taken in words somewhat as follows:
I take a vow of indulging only to a certain fixed extent in things to be enjoyed once and in things to be enjoyed from time to time, such as towels, things for cleaning teeth, the anointing of oneself with oil or such like, washing oneself with soap, bathing, clothing, besmearing oneself with saffron, sandalwood, &c.; decorating, i
d. &c.; decorating, incense-burning, drink, eating of sweetmeats, of rice, pulse, nutritious things (milk, butter, ghi and the like), vegetables, indulging in sweet drinks (such as grape-juice, sugar-cane juice), ordinary meals, drinking-water, sleeping on beds, [eating) raw things containing lives, and other miscellaneous things. I have fixed certain limits in respect of the above twenty-six things. In transgression of these limits I will never indulge in things to be enjoyed once or from time to time with a view to seeking pleasure therefrom. I will observe this vow as long as I live; and I will not go beyond the limit for personal enjoyment, in mind, speech or body,
As a layman, I must have knowledge of the five following Atičāra, and avoid acting according to them, and I repeat them in their usual order : Eating things containing life; eating things partially animate and partially inanimate ; eating things having some remnants of life in them (such as partially ripe fruit, the unripe part having life but not the ripe part); eating highly spiced things; eating things in which the greater part has to be wasted (such as sugar-cane).
I, a layman, must have knowledge of the fifteen Atičāra concerning means of livelihood, and must avoid putting them in practice. I repeat these in their usual order : Burning a kiln; cutting jungles or getting them cut; making carts and selling them ; receiving rent of houses; digging the earth; trading in ivory ; in hair (such as fly-whisks); in liquid things; selling poison; dealing in sealing-wax; owning a millor working with a machine ; mutilating or cutting the limbs of animals;
