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A CULTURAL STUDY OF THE NISITHA CURNI
rūvagas? or money ( dhanaa, davvas ). At one place, however, the labourers, especially those employed on daily wages. ( divasabhayaga ), are mentioned as getting the food like ricemilk in lieu of their wages.* The practice of remuneration in kind can be attested from the various Sanskrit and Pali texts.5 A cowherd ( gopa ) employed for milking the cows is mentioned to have received 1/4th of milk daily or the entire milk on every fourth day ( varagiņa ) as his wages. The wages of an attendant are said to have been increased to an extent of one suvai ņamāşaka daily along with a fine pair of clothes ( pahāņaṁ ca vatthajuyalam ) by the king.? Remuneration thus could be in cash as well as in kind, although payment in cash was more appreciated.
Trade
Inland Trade-Jainism being popular amongst the mercantile communities of India, especially those of the coastal regions, a graphic account of their trading activities can be found in the text. Trade was carried by land (thala ) and water ways (jala).' Thalapattanıs were the towns rich in land-trade, while
1. NC, 3, p. 273. 2. Ibid. 3. Bịh. V 1. 2, p. 310. 4. faqaTCITATEA a STTE Rettifasi favola—NC. 3, p. 433. 5. Arthaśāstra, II. 23; Brhaspatidharmaśāstra, XXI. 13; Pata ajali,
Bhāsya, II. 36; Asiādhyāyi, IV. 4. 68. In Takkala Jātaka the labourer is mentioned to have received rice-gruel (yāgubhattādi) as his wages by which he could feed his father suiting his station in life.-Bose, op.
cit., p. 253. 6. सो य खीरियाणं चउत्थं खीरस्स गेण्हति । चउत्थदिणे वा सव्वदोहं गेण्हति
NC. 3, p. 433. According to Nāradasmyti (VI. 10) for tending 100 cows a heifer was to be given to the herdsman every year; for tending 200 cows a milk Cow was to be given annually and the berdsman was allowed to milk
all the cows every eighth day. 7. रण्णा तस्स तु?णं पतिदिवसं सुवण्णमासतो वित्ती कता, पहाणं च से वत्थजुयलं दिणं
NC. 4, p. 350. 8. Gopal, op. cit., p. 130. 9. NC. 2, p. 208.
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