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colour; in that case, a colour other than red would not be the colour of the pitcher; this other colour is the colour for things other than the pitcher. With regard to the other colours which are “Para-bhávas" or modes or features of things other than the pitcher, the given pitcher cannot be said to exist.
(4) And lastly, let us assume that the given pitcher is found at Pataliputra; places like Saurashtra etc., in that case would not be the places of the given pitcher; they are places for things other than the given pitoher, and in respect of these other places-Para kớetras-the given pitcher is certainly non-existent,
Coming to the example of the fruit-bearing mango-tree, we may similarly say the following:
(1) The basic substance of an apple-tree is not the substance of the given mango-tree and is “Para-dravya” for it; the mango-tree would not bear mango.-fruits, if this Para-dravya were substituted for the "Sva-dravya ” of the given mango-tree.
(2) Cold countries like the Arctio regions are places where other trees may grow but are not the regions where a mango-tree would boar fruits;these
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