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190
Kalpa Sūtra
अनन्तम् अनन्तार्थ-विषयत्वात्; अनुत्तरम् सव्वोत्तमत्वात् ; निर्व्याघातं कटकुट्यादिभिर् अप्रतिहतत्वात्; निरावरणं क्षायिकत्वात्; कृत्स्नं सकलार्थग्राहकत्वात्; पडिपुन्ने प्रतिपूर्ण सकल-स्वांशसहितत्वात्; केवलम् अतएव वरं ज्ञानं दर्शनं च ततः प्राक् पदाभ्यां कर्मधारयः;
तत्र ज्ञानं विशेषावबोध रूपं दर्शनं सामान्यबोधरूपम् । S.1. 6. qfaforony --- This word has been confused by some with
another of furos (Sü. 118). But the two do not give identical meaning. The root in the first word is 'at' but in the second word, it is "वृ।" The first means to enter into liberation', while the second means 'to derive
great pleasure. S. 1. 7. अट्ठमे पक्खे आसाढ सुद्ध-bright half of the month of
Aşādha, which is the eighth fortnight of summer. In the Jaina view, there are three seasons in the year, summer,
rains and winter, each of the duration of four months. S.2. 8. महाविजय-पुप्फुत्तर-पवर-पुंडरीयानो महाविमाणानो-महान् विजयो यत्र
तथाविधं च तत् पुष्पोत्तर-संज्ञकं च तदेव प्रवरेषु श्रेष्ठेषु पुंडरीकं विमानानं मध्ये उत्तमत्वात् । It may be useful to give here the outline of Jaina cosmology, with description of inhabitants in different spheres. In the Jaina view, the entire cosmos looks like the English letter 'X' at the centre of which is तिर्यग्लोक or the world of animals, human beings, with hells underneath, and the heavens or celestial spheres in the upper portion. There are three broad types of heavens called देवलोक, ग्रैवेयक and अनुत्तर-विमाण and beyond them, and not touched by them, is the abode of the perfected-liberatedenlightened beings called सिद्धसिला । The beings in the lower sphere are as follows : (i) Devas, viz., Amba, Ambarasa, Rudra, Sāma, Sa bala,
Mahārudra, Kāla, Mahākāla, Ashipāta, Dhanu, Balu, Betarani, Khara-svara, Mahāghosa. These
chastise the sinners in diverse ways. (ii) Ten Bhavanapatis of the netherworld : Asura
___kumāras, Nagakumāras Suvarnakumāras, Vidyut
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