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192
Kalpa Sūtra
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9. atafoqurt - This is the down-phase of the Jaina time
cycle, of which there are six parts as follows: exceedingly bracing, bracing, bracing-unbracing, unbracing-bracing, unbracing, exceedingly unbracing. The up-phase called Selfcquit has also six parts, with the previous six reversed, viz., exceedingly unbracing, unbracing, unbracingbracing, bracing-unbracing, bracing, execedingly bracing.
For bracing the word is सुसमा, for unbracing दुस्समा. S. 2. 10. अद्ध- This word is used to denote deficiency by half, e.g.,
अछुट्ठम् =4-1 = 31, अद्धट्ठम् =8-1 = 71:
अद्धनवम् = 9-1 = 81. S. 2 11. गइ-The word is used here to mean 'pace'. In the Jaina
literature, the word has a special meaning, which is the 'state of existence' that a soul attains. It is another name for what has been called 'nāmakarma. There are four states of existence-as infernal beings, as non-human (animal) beings, as human beings and as celestial
beings. S. 5 12. कटु-Although the word may be written in Sanskrit as कर्तुम्
and pra, it is not always in this sense that the word has been used in the Sūtra. A few instances are cited below : तं पि देवाणंदाए· कुच्छिंछसि साहरावित्तए ति कट्ठ एवंसंपेहेइ । पोराला णं तुमे । 'सुमिणा दिट्ठ त्ति कटुभुज्जो भुज्जो अणुव्हइ ।
दसणहं मथ्थए अंजलि कठ्ठ । S. 5 13. अट्ठ, अथ्थ-Although ordinarily these two words are used
as synonyms, there is difference in their meaning. When it implies 'meaning' in dictionary sense, it is अथ्थ; but when it indicates desire, motive, inclination, necessity or cause,
it is aço i S. 8 14. धम्मवर-चाउरंत-चक्कवट्टीणं-धर्मवर चातुरन्त चक्रवर्तिम्यः त्रयः समुद्राः
चतुर्थो हिमवाण् एते चत्वारः पृथिव्या अन्ताः । तेषु भवाः स्वामितयेति चातुरन्ताः ते च चक्रवर्तिणः । धमेषु वरः श्रेष्ठो धर्मवरः । तत्र विषये
चातुरन्त-चक्रवर्तिन इव धर्मवर-चातुरन्त-चक्रवर्तिनः । S. 6 15. पोग्गल This is one of the five items called ajiva or non-soul
by the Jainas. Atoms or molecules of matter coming together give rise to pudgala. It has colour, taste, smell
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