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________________ syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI : eka cintana syAdvAda kA artha-vizleSaNa : "syAt" tathA "eva" zabdoM kA eka sAtha prayoga zrotA kI saMzayAtmakatA syAdvAda zabda syAt aura vAda ina do zabdoM se niSpanna huA ko samApta kara use sApekSika kintu nizcita jJAna pradAna karatA hai| hai| ataH syAdvAda ko samajhane ke lie ina donoM zabdoM kA artha- vastuta: isa prayoga meM "eva" zabda 'syAt' zabda kI anizcitatA ko vizleSaNa Avazyaka hai| syAt zabda ke artha ke sandarbha meM jitanI samApta kara detA hai aura "syAt" zabda "eva" zabda kI nirapekSatA evaM bhrAnti dArzanikoM meM rahI hai, sambhavata: utanI anya kisI zabda ke ekAntatA ko samApta kara detA hai aura isa prakAra ve donoM milakara sambandha meM nhiiN| vidvAnoM dvArA hindI bhASA meM syAt kA artha "zAyada", kathita vastu-dharma kI sImA niyata karate hue sApekSa kintu nizcita jJAna "sambhavataH", "kadAcit" aura aMgrejI bhASA meM Probable, may prastuta karate haiN| ataH syAdvAda ko saMzayavAda yA sambhAvanAvAda nahIM kA be, perhaps, some how Adi kiyA gayA hai aura inhIM arthoM ke jA sakatA hai| "vAda" zabda kA artha kathanavidhi hai| isa prakAra syAdvAda AdhAra para use saMzayavAda, sambhAvanAvAda yA anizcayavAda samajhane kI sApekSika kathana paddhati yA sApekSika nirNaya paddhati kA sUcaka hai| vaha bhUla kI jAtI rahI hai| yaha sahI hai ki kinhIM saMdarbho meM syAt zabda kA eka aisA siddhAnta hai, jo vastutattva kA vividha pahaluoM yA vividha artha kadAcit, zAyada, sambhava Adi bhI hotA hai| kintu isa AdhAra AyAmoM se vizleSaNa karatA hai aura apane una vizleSita vividha para syAdvAda ko saMzayavAda yA anizcayavAda mAna lenA eka bhrAnti hI nirNayoM ko isa prakAra kI bhASA meM prastuta karatA hai ki ve apane pakSa hogii| hameM yahA~ isa bAta ko bhI spaSTa rUpa se dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhie kI sthApanA karate hue bhI vastutattva meM nihita anya "anukta" anekAneka ki prathama to eka hI zabda ke aneka artha ho sakate hai, dUsare aneka dharmoM evaM sambhAvanAoM (paryAyoM) kA niSedha na kreN| vastuta: syAdvAda bAra zabdoM kA prayoga unake pracalita artha meM na hokara viziSTa artha meM hamAre nirNayoM evaM tajjanita kathanoM ko prastuta karane kA eka nirdoSa hotA hai, jaise jaina paramparA meM dharma zabda kA prayoga dharma-dravya ke rUpa meM evaM ahiMsaka tarIkA hai, avirodhapUrvaka kathana kI eka zailI hai| usakA hotA hai| jaina AcAryoM ne syAt zabda kA prayoga eka viziSTa pAribhASika pratyeka bhaMga anekAntika DhaMga se ekAntika kathana karatA hai, jisameM artha meM hI kiyA hai| yadi syAdvAda ke Alocaka vidvAnoM ne syAdvAda vaktA apanI bAta isa DhaMga se kahatA hai ki usakA vaha kathana apane sambandhI kisI bhI mUlagrantha ko dekhane kI koziza kI hotI, to unheM pratipakSI kathanoM kA pUrNa niSedhaka na bne| saMkSepa meM syAdvAda apane samagra syAt zabda kA jaina paramparA meM kyA artha hai, yaha spaSTa ho jaataa| syAt rUpa meM anekAnta hai aura pratyeka bhaMga kI dRSTi se samyak ekAnta bhI zabda ke artha ke sambandha meM jo bhrAnti utpanna hotI haiM, usakA mUla hai| saptabhaMgI anantadharmAtmaka vastutattva ke saMbaMdha meM eka aisI kathanakAraNa use tiGnta pada mAna lenA hai, jabaki samantabhadra, vidyAnandi, paddhati yA vAkya-yojanA hai, jo usameM anukta dharmoM kI saMbhAvanA kA amRtacandra, malliSeNa Adi sabhI jaina AcAryoM ne ise nipAta yA niSedha karate hue sApekSika kintu nizcayAtmaka DhaMga se vastutattva ke pUrNa avyaya mAnA hai| samantabhadra syAt zabda kA artha spaSTa karate hue svarUpa ko apanI dRSTi meM rakhate hue usake kisI eka dharma kA mukhya AptamImAMsA meM likhate haiM ki syAt-yaha nipAta zabda hai, jo artha ke rUpa se pratipAdana yA niSedha karatI hai| isI prakAra anekAMtavAda bhI sAtha saMbaMdhita hone para vAkya meM anekAntatA kA dyotaka aura vivakSita vastutattva ke sandarbha meM ekAdhika nirNayoM ko svIkRta karatA hai| vaha artha kA eka vizeSaNa hai| isI prakAra paMcAstikAya kI TIkA meM kahatA hai ki eka hI vastutattva ke sandarbho meM vibhinna apekSAoM ke AcArya amRtacandra bhI syAt zabda ke artha ko spaSTa karate hue likhate AdhAra para aneka nirNaya (kathana) diye jA sakate haiM arthAt anekAMta haiM ki 'syAt' ekAntatA kA niSedhaka, anekAntatA kA pratipAdaka tathA vastu-svarUpa ke sambandha meM aneka nirNayoM yA niSkarSoM kI sambhAvyatA kathaMcit artha kA dyotaka eka nipAta zabda hai|2 . kA siddhAMta hai| jainAcAryoM ne anekAMta ko paribhASita karate hue likhA malliSeNa ne bhI syAdvAdamaMjarI meM syAt zabda ko anekAntatA hai ki 'sarvathaikAnta- pratikSepalakSaNojanekAMta:' arthAt anekAMta mAtra kA dyotaka eka avyaya mAnA hai| isa prakAra yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI ekAMta kA niSedha hai aura vastu meM nihita paraspara viruddha dharmoM kA hai ki jaina vicArakoM kI dRSTi meM syAt zabda saMzayaparaka na hokara prakAzaka hai| anekAntika kintu nizcayAtmaka artha kA dyotaka hai| mAtra itanA hI nahIM jaina dArzanika isa sambandha meM bhI sahaja the ki Alocaka yA janasAdhAraNa syAdvAda ke AdhAraH dvArA syAt zabda kA saMzayaparaka artha grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai, . sambhavata: yaha prazna upasthita kiyA jA sakatA hai ki syAdvAda isalie unhoMne syAt zabda ke sAtha "eva" zabda ke prayoga kI yojanA yA sApekSika kathana paddhati kI kyA AvazyakatA hai? syAdvAda yA bhI kI hai, jaise-"syAdastyeva ghaTaH" arthAt kisI apekSA se yaha ghar3A sApekSika kathana paddhati kI AvazyakatA ke mUlata: cAra kAraNa haiMhI hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki "eva" zabda nizcayAtmakatA kA dyotaka hai| 1. vastutattva kI anantadharmAtmakatA,
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________________ syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI eka cintana : 2. mAnavIya jJAna prApti ke sAdhanoM kI sImitatA, 3. mAnavIya jJAna kI apUrNatA evaM sApekSatA tathA 4. bhASA ke abhivyakti sAmarthya kI sImitatA evaM sApekSatA / (a) vastutattva kI anantadharmAtmakatA : sarvaprathama syAdvAda ke aucitya sthApana ke lie hameM vastutattva ke usa svarUpa ko samajha lenA hogA, jisake pratipAdana kA hama prayAsa karate haiN| vastutattva mAtra sImita lakSaNoM kA puMja nahIM hai, jaina dArzanikoM ne use anantadharmAtmaka kahA hai| yadi hama vastutattva ke bhAvAtmaka guNoM para hI vicAra kareM to unakI saMkhyA bhI aneka hogii| udAharaNArtha gulAba kA phUla gandha kI dRSTi se sugandhita hai, to varNa kI dRSTi se kisI eka yA ekAdhika viziSTa raMgoM se yukta haiM, sparza kI dRSTi se usakI paMkhur3iyA~ komala haiM, kintu DaMThala tIkSNa haiM, usameM eka viziSTa svAda hai, Adi aadi| yaha to huI vastu ke bhAvAtmaka dharmoM kI bAta, kintu usake abhAvAtmaka dharmoM kI saMkhyA to usake bhAvAtmaka dharmoM kI apekSA kaI gunA adhika hogI, jaise gulAba kA phUla camelI kA, mogare kA yA palAsa kA phUla nahIM hai| vaha apane se itara sabhI vastuoM se bhinna hai aura usameM una sabhI vastuoM ke anekAneka dharmoM kA abhAva bhI hai| punaH yadi hama vastutattva kI bhUta evaM bhAvI tathA vyakta aura avyakta paryAyoM (sambhAvanAoM) para vicAra kareM to usake guNa dharmoM kI yaha saMkhyA aura bhI adhika bar3hakara nizcita hI ananta taka pahuMca jaavegii| ata: yaha kathana satya hai ki vastutattva anantadharmoM, anantaguNoM evaM anantaparyAyoM kA puMja hai mAtra itanA hI nahIM vastutatva anantadharmAtmaka hone ke sAtha-sAtha anekAntika bhI hai, mAnava buddhi jinheM paraspara virodhI guNa mAna letI hai ve eka hI vastutattva meM apekSA bheda se eka sAtha rahate hue dekhe jAte haiM / 4 astitva nAstitva pUrvaka hai aura nAstitva astitva pUrvaka hai| ekatA meM anekatA aura anekatA meM ekatA anusyUta hai, jo dravya dRSTi se nitya hai, vahI paryAyadRSTi se anitya bhI hai| utpatti ke binA vinAza aura vinAza ke binA utpatti saMbhava nahIM hai / punaH utpatti aura vinAza ke lie zrIvyatva bhI apekSita hai anyathA utpatti aura vinAza kisakA hogA ? kyoMki vizva meM vinAza ke abhAva se utpatti jaisI bhI koI sthiti nahIM hai| yadyapi prauvyatva aura utpatti vinAza ke dharma paraspara virodhI haiM, kintu donoM ko sahavartI mAne binA vizva kI vyAkhyA asambhava hai| yahI kAraNa thA ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane yuga meM pracalita zAzvatavAdI aura ucchedavAdI Adi paraspara virodhI vicAradhArAoM ke madhya meM samanvaya karate hue anekAntika dRSTi se vastutatva ko utpAda, vyaya aura prauvyAtmaka kahakara paribhASita kiyaa| jinopadiSTa yaha tripadI hI anekAntavAdI vicAra paddhati kA AdhAra hai syAdvAda aura nayavAda sambandhI vipula sAhitya mAtra isakA vistAra hai| tripadI hI jina dvArA vapita vaha "bIja" hai jisase syAdvAda rUpI vaTa vRkSa vikasita huA hai| yaha vastutattva ke usa anekAntika svarUpa kI sUcaka 155 hai jisakA spaSTIkaraNa bhagavatIsUtra meM svayaM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne vividha prasaMgoM meM kiyA hai| udAharaNArthaM jaba mahAvIra se gautama ne yaha pUchA ki he bhagavan! jIva nitya yA anitya hai ? he gautama! jIva apekSAbheda se nitya bhI hai aura anitya bhI bhagavan! yaha kaise? he gautama! dravya dRSTi se jIva nitya hai, paryAya dRSTi se anitya isI prakAra eka anya prazna ke uttara meM unhoMne somila ko kahA thA ki he somila! dravya-dRSTi se maiM eka hU~, kintu parivartanazIla cetanAvasthAoM (paryAyoM) kI apekSA se maiM aneka bhI huuN| vastutattva ke isa anantadharmAtmaka evaM anekAntika svarUpa kA yaha pratipAdana ukta Agama meM bahuta hI vistAra ke sAtha huA kintu lekha kI maryAdA ko dRSTigata rakhate hue uparyukta eka-do udAharaNa hI paryApta hoNge| hai vastutattva kI yaha anantadharmAtmakatA tathA usameM virodhI dharma- yugaloM kI eka sAtha upasthiti anubhava siddha hai| eka hI Amraphala khaTTA aura madhura (khaTTA-mIThA) donoM hI ho sakatA hai| pitRtva aura putratva ke do virodhI guNa apekSA bheda se eka hI vyakti meM eka hI samaya meM sAtha-sAtha siddha ho sakate haiN| vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki jinheM hama virodhI dharma yugala mAna lete haiM, unameM sarvathA yA nirapekSa rUpa se virodha nahIM hai| apekSA bheda se unakA eka hI vastutattva meM eka hI samaya meM honA sambhava hai| bhinna-bhinna apekSAoM se eka hI vyakti choTA yA bar3A kahA jA sakatA hai athavA eka hI vastu ThaNDI yA garama kahI jA sakatI hai| jo saMkhiyA janasAdharaNa kI dRSTi meM viSa (prANApahArI) hai, vahI eka vaidya kI dRSTi meM auSadhi ( jIvana saMjIvanI) bhI hai| ataH yaha eka anubhavajanya satya hai ki vastu meM aneka virodhI dharma-yugaloM kI upasthiti dekhI jAtI hai| yahA~ hameM yaha bAta dhyAna meM rakhanI cAhie ki vastu meM aneka virodhI dharma yugaloM kI upasthiti nahIM hai| isa sambandha meM ghavalA kA nimna kathana draSTavya hai--"yadi (vastu meM) sampUrNa dharmoM kA eka sAtha rahanA mAna liyA jAve to paraspara viruddha caitanya, acaitanya, bhavyatva aura abhavyatva Adi dharmoM kA eka sAtha AtmA meM rahane kA prasaMga A jaayegaa|" ataH yaha mAnanA adhika tarkasaMgata hai ki vastu meM kevala ve hI virodhI dharma yugala yugapat rUpa meM raha sakate haiM, jinakA usa vastu meM atyantAbhAva nahIM hai| kintu isa bAta se vastutattva kA anantadharmAtmaka svarUpa khaNDita nahIM hotA hai aura vastutattva meM nityatAanityatA, ekatva- anekatva, astitva nAstitva, bhedatva abhedatva Adi aneka virodhI dharma yugaloM kI yugapat upasthiti mAnI jA sakatI hai| AcArya amRtacandra 'samayasAra' kI TIkA meM likhate haiM ki apekSA bheda se jo hai, yahI nahIM bhI hai, jo sat hai vaha asat bhI hai, jo eka hai vaha aneka bhI hai, jo nitya hai vahI anitya bhI hai|" vastu ekAntika na hokara anekAntika hai| AcArya hemacandra anyayoga-vyavacchedikA meM likhate haiM ki vizva kI samasta vastue~ syAdvAd kI mudrA se yukta haiM, koI bhI usakA ullaMghana nahIM kara sktaa| 1" yadyapi vastutattva kA yaha anantadharmAtmaka evaM anekAntika svarUpa hameM asamaMjasa meM avazya DAla detA hai kintu yadi vastu svabhAva aisA hI hai, to hama kyA kareM? .
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________________ 156 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 bauddha dArzanika dharmakIrti ke zabdoM meM 'yadidaM svayamarthebhyo rocate ke vyakti sApekSa hI hotA hai| vayaM? puna: hama jisa vastu yA dravya kI vivecanA karanA cAhate haiM, vaha kintu mAnava mana kabhI bhI indriyAnubhUti yA pratIti ke jJAna hai kyA? jahA~ eka ora dravya ko guNa aura paryAyoM kA Azraya kahA ko hI antima satya mAnakara santuSTa nahIM hotA, vaha usa pratIti ke gayA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora use guNoM kA samUha bhI kahA gayA hai| guNa pIche bhI jhAMkanA cAhatA hai| isa hetu vaha apanI tarkabuddhi kA sahArA aura paryAyoM se pRthak dravya kI koI sattA hI nahIM hai aura dravya se pRthak letA hai| kintu kyA tArkika jJAna nirapekSa ho sakatA hai? prathama to guNa aura paryAyoM kI koI sattA nahIM hai| yaha hai vastu kI sApekSitatA tArkika jJAna bhI pUrI taraha se indriya saMvedanoM se nirapekSa nahIM hotA hai, aura yadi vastutattva sApekSika, anantadharmAtmaka aura anekAntika hai, dUsare tArkika jJAna vastuta: eka sambandhAtmaka jJAna hai| bauddhika cintana to phira usakA jJAna evaM usakI vivecanA nirapekSa evaM ekAntika dRSTi kAraNa-kArya, eka-aneka, asti-nAsti Adi vicAra-vidhAoM se ghirA se kaise sambhava hai? isalie jaina-AcAryoM kA kathana hai ki (anantadharmAtmaka) huA hai aura apanI ina vicAra-vidhAoM ke AdhAra para vaha sApekSa hI mizrita tattva kI vivecanA binA apekSA se sambhava nahI hai|11 hogaa| tarkabuddhi jaba bhI kisI vastu ke svarUpa kA nizcaya kara koI nirNaya prastuta karatI hai, to vaha hameM do tathyoM ke bIca kisI sambandha (ba) mAnavIya jJAna prApti ke sAdhanoM kA svarUpa : yA asambandha kI hI sUcanA pradAna karata hai aura aisA sambandhAtmaka jJAna yaha to huI vastu svarUpa kI bAteM, kintu jisa vastu svarUpa sambandha sApekSa hI hogA, nirapekSa nhiiN| kyoMki sabhI sambandha (RelakA jJAna hama prApta karanA cAhate haiM, usake lie hamAre pAsa sAdhana kyA tions) sApekSa hote haiN| hai, hameM una sAdhanoM ke svarUpa evaM unake dvArA pradatta jJAna ke svarUpa para bhI vicAra kara lenA hogaa| manuSya ke pAsa apanI satyAbhIpsA aura (sa) mAnavIya jJAna kI sImitatA evaM sApekSatA : jijJAsA kI santuSTi ke lie jJAna-prApti ke do sAdhana haiM: vastutaH vastutattva kA yathArtha evaM pUrNa jJAna sImita kSamatA 1. indriyA~ aura 2. trkbddhi| vAle mAnava ke lie sadaiva hI eka jaTila prazna rahA hai| apUrNa ke dvArA mAnava apane inhIM sImita sAdhanoM dvArA vastutattva ko jAnane pUrNa ko jAnane ke samasta prayAsa AMzika satya ke jJAna se Age nahIM kA prayatna karatA hai| jahA~ taka mAnava ke aindrika jJAna kA prazna hai, yaha jA pAye haiM aura jaba isa AMzika satya ko pUrNa satya mAna liyA jAtA spaSTa hai ki aindrika jJAna na pUrNa hai aura na nirapekSA mAnava indriyoM kI hai to vaha satya, satya na raha karake asatya bana jAtA hai| vastutattva kSamatA sImita hai, ata: ve vastutattva kA jo bhI svarUpa jAna pAtI haiM, kevala utanA hI nahIM hai jitanA ki hama ise jAna pA rahe haiN| manuSya kI vaha pUrNa nahIM ho sakatA hai| indriyA~ vastu ko apane pUrNa svarUpa meM dekha aindrika jJAna kSamatA evaM tarka buddhi itanI apUrNa hai ki vaha sampUrNa satya pAne ke lie sakSama nahIM haiN| yahA~ hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki ko eka sAtha grahaNa nahIM kara sktii| sAdhAraNa mAnava-buddhi pUrNa satya hama vastutattva ko jisa rUpa meM vaha hai vaisA nahIM jAna kara use jisa rUpa ko eka sAtha grahaNa nahIM kara sktii| ataH sAdhAraNa mAnava pUrNa satya meM indriyA~ hamAre samakSa prastuta karatI haiM, usI rUpa meM jAnate haiN| hama kA sAkSAtkAra nahIM kara pAtA hai| jaina-dRSTi ke anusAra satya ajJeya to indriya saMvedanoM ko jAna pAte haiM, vastutattva ko nhiiN| isakA artha yaha nahIM hai kintu binA pUrNatA ko prApta kiye use pUrNa rUpa se nahIM jAnA huA ki hamArA Anubhavika jJAna indriya-sApekSa hai| mAtra itanA hI nahIM, jA sktaa| prasiddha vaijJAnika albarTa AinsTIna ne kahA thA ki "hama vaha indriya sApekSa hone ke sAtha-sAtha una koNoM para bhI nirbhara rahatA hai kevala sApekSika satya ko jAna sakate haiM, nirapekSa satya ko to koI jahA~ se vastu dekhI jA rahI hai aura yadi hama usa koNa (sthiti) ke pUrNa draSTA hI jAna skegaa|12 aura aisI sthiti meM jabaki hamArA samasta vicAra kA apane jJAna se alaga karate haiM, to nizcita hI hamArA jJAna jJAna AMzika, apUrNa tathA sApekSika hai, hameM yaha dAvA karane kA koI bhrAnta ho jaayegaa| udAharaNArtha eka gola sikkA apane aneka koNoM se adhikAra nahIM hai ki merI dRSTi hI ekamAtra satya hai aura satya mere hI hameM vRttAkAra na laga kara aNDAkAra dikhAI detA hai| vibhinna gurutvAkarSaNoM pAsa hai| hamArA AMzika, apUrNa aura sApekSika jJAna nirapekSa satyatA evaM vibhinna zArIrika sthitiyoM se eka hI vastu halkI yA bhArI pratIta kA dAvA nahIM kara sakatA hai| ata: aise jJAna ke lie hameM aisI kathana hotI hai| hamArI pRthvI ko jaba hama usake gurutvAkarSaNa kI sImA se paddhati kI yojanA karanI hogI, jo ki dUsaroM ke anubhUta satyoM kA Upara jAkara dekhate haiM to gatizIla dikhAI detI hai, kintu yahA~ vaha hameM niSedha nahIM karate hue apanI bAta kaha ske| hama apane jJAna kI sthira pratIta hotI hai| dUra se dekhane para vastu choTI aura pAsa se dekhane sImitatA ke kAraNa anya sambhAvanAoM (Possibilities) ko nirasta para bar3I dikhAI detI haiM eka Tebala ke jaba vividha koNoM se phoTo lie nahIM kara sakate haiN| jAte haiM to ve paraspara bhinna-bhinna hote haiN| isa prakAra hamArA sArA Anubhavika jJAna sApekSya hI hotA hai, nirapekSa nhiiN| indriya saMvedanoM ko kyA sarvajJa kA jJAna nirapekSa hotA hai? una saba apekSAoM (Conditions) se alaga haTakara nahIM samajhA jA yadyapi jaina darzana meM yaha mAnA gayA hai ki sarvajJa yA kevalI sakatA hai, jinameM ki ve hue haiN| ata: aindrikajJAna dika, kAla aura sampUrNa satya kA sAkSAtkAra kara letA hai, ata: yaha prazna svAbhAvika
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________________ syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI : eka cintana 157 rUpa se uThatA hai ki kyA sarvajJa kA jJAna nirapekSa hai| isa sandarbha meM jaina cAhe nirapekSa jJAna ko sambhava bhI mAna liyA jAye, kintu nirapekSa kathana dArzanikoM meM bhI matabheda pAyA jAtA hai| kucha samakAlIna jaina vicAraka to kadApi sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki jo kucha bhI kahA jAtA hai, vaha sarvajJa ke jJAna ko nirapekSa mAnate haiM jabaki dUsare kucha vicArakoM ke kisI na kisI sandarbha meM (in a certain context) kahA jAtA hai aura anusAra sarvajJa kA jJAna bhI sApekSa hotA hai| zrI dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA usa sandarbha meM hI use ThIka prakAra se samajhA jA sakatA hai anyathA ne "syAdvAdamaMjarI" kI bhUmikA meM sarvajJa ke jJAna ko nirapekSa satya bhrAnti hone kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai| isIlie jaina-AcAryoM kA kathana hai batAyA hai| jabaki muni zrI nagarAjajI ne "jaina darzana aura Adhunika ki jagat meM jo kucha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai, vaha saba kisI vivakSA yA vijJAna" nAmaka pustikA meM yaha mAnA hai ki sarvajJa kA jJAna bhI kahane naya se garbhita hotA hai| jina yA sarvajJa kI vANI bhI apekSA rahita nahIM bhara ko hI nirapekSa hai kyoMki syAdasti syAnAsti se pare vaha bhI nahIM hotI hai| vaha sApekSa hI hotI hai| ata: vaktA kA kathana samajhane ke lie hai| kintu vastusthiti yaha hai ki jahA~ taka sarvajJa ke vastu jagata ke jJAna bhI apekSA kA vicAra Avazyaka hai| kA prazna hai use nirapekSa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki usake jJAna kA punazca jaba vastutattva meM aneka viruddha dharma-yugala meM rahe hue viSaya anantadharmAtmaka vastu hai| ata: sarvajJa bhI vastutattva ke ananta haiM, to zabdoM dvArA unakA eka sAtha pratipAdana sambhava nahIM hai| unheM guNoM ko ananta-apekSAoM se hI jAna sakatA hai| vastugata jJAna yA kramika rUpa meM hI kahA jA sakatA hai| zabda eka samaya meM eka hI dharma vaiSayika jJAna (Objective knowledge) kabhI bhI nirapekSa nahIM ho ko abhivyakta kara sakatA hai| anantadharmAtmaka vastutattva ke samasta dharmoM sakatA, phira cAhe vaha sarvajJa kA hI kyoM na ho? isIlie jaina- kA eka sAtha kathana bhASA kI sImA ke bAhara hai| ata: kisI bhI kathana AcAryoM kA kathana hai ki dIpa se lekara vyoma taka vastu-mAtra syAdvAda meM vastu ke aneka dharma anukta (akathita) hI raha jAyeMge aura eka kI mudrA se aMkita haiN| kintu hameM yaha dhyAna rakhanA hogA ki jahA~ taka nirapekSa kathana anukta dharmoM kA niSedha karane ke kAraNa asatya ho sarvajJa ke Atma-bodha kA prazna hai vaha nirepakSa ho sakatA hai kyoMki vaha jaavegaa| hamArA kathana satya rahe aura hamAre vacana vyavahAra se zrotA ko vikalpa rahita hotA hai| sambhavata: isI dRSTikoNa ko lakSya meM rakhakara koI bhrAnti na ho isalie sApekSika kathana paddhati hI samucita ho AcArya kundakunda ko yaha kahanA par3A thA ki vyavahAra dRSTi se sarvajJa sakatI hai| jainAcAryoM ne syAt ko satya kA cihna 13 isIlie kahA hai sabhI dravyoM ko jAnatA hai kintu paramArthata: to vaha AtmA ko hI jAnatA ki vaha apekSA pUrvaka kathana karake hamAre kathana ko avirodhI aura satya hai| vastusthiti yaha hai ki sarvajJa kA Atma-bodha to nirapekSa hotA hai banA detA hai tathA zrotA ko koI bhrAnti bhI nahIM hone detA hai| kintu usakA vastu-viSayaka jJAna sApekSa hotA hai| syAdvAda aura anekAnta : (da) bhASA kI abhivyakti-sAmarthya kI sImitatA aura sApekSatA : sAdhAraNatayA anekAnta aura syAdvAda paryAyavAcI mAne jAte sarvajJa yA pUrNajJa ke lie bhI, jo sampUrNa satya kA sAkSAtkAra haiN|14 aneka jainAcAryoM ne inheM paryAyavAcI batAyA bhI hai| kintu phira kara letA hai, satya kA nirapekSa kathana yA abhivyakti sambhava nahIM hai| bhI donoM meM thor3A antara hai| anekAnta syAdvAda kI apekSA adhika sampUrNa satya ko cAhe jAnA jA sakatA ho kintu kahA nahIM jA sktaa| vyApaka artha kA dyotaka hai| jainAcAryoM ne donoM meM vyApaka-vyApya bhAva usakI abhivyakti kA jaba bhI koI prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai, to vaha mAnA hai| anekAnta vyApaka hai aura syAdvAda vyApyA anekAnta vAcya hai sApekSika bana jAtA hai| kyoMki sarvajJa ko bhI apanI abhivyakti ke to syAdvAda vaack| anekAnta vastu svarUpa hai, to syAdvAda usa anekAntika lie usI bhASA kA sahArA lenA hotA hai, jo ki sImita evaM apUrNa vastu svarUpa ke kathana kI nirdoSa bhaassaa-pddhti| anekAnta darzana hai, to hai| "hai" aura "nahIM hai" kI sImA se ghirI huI hai| ata: bhASA pUrNa syAdvAda usakI abhivyakti kA ddhNg| satya ko nirapekSatayA abhivyakta nahI kara sakatI hai| prathama to vastutattva ke dharmoM kI saMkhyA ananta hai, jabaki vibhajjavAda aura syAdvAda : mAnavIya bhASA kI zabda saMkhyA sImita hai| jitane vastu-dharma haiM, utane vibhajjavAda syAdvAda kA hI eka anya paryAyavAcI evaM pUrvavartI zabda nahIM haiN| ata: aneka dharma anukta (akathita) raheMge hii| punaH mAnava hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM mahAvIra ne bhikSuoM ke lie yaha spaSTa nirdeza diyA ki kI jitanI anubhUtiyA~ haiM, una sabake lie bhI bhASA meM pRthaka-pRthak ve vibhajjavAda kI bhASA kA prayoga kreN|15 isI prakAra bhagavAna buddha ne zabda nahIM haiN| hama gur3a, zakkara, Ama Adi kI miThAsa ko bhASA meM bhI majjhimanikAya meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA thA ki he mANavaka! maiM pUrNa rUpa se abhivyakti nahIM kara sakate kyoMki sabhI kI miThAsa ke vibhajjavAdI hU~, ekAntavAdI nhiiN| vibhajjavAda vaha siddhAnta hai, jo lie alaga-alaga zabda nahIM haiN| AcArya nemicandra 'gommaTasAra' meM prazna ko vibhAjita karake uttara detA hai| jaba buddha se yaha pUchA gayA ki likhate haiM ki hamAre anubhUta bhAvoM ko kevala anantavA~ bhAga hI gRhastha ArAdhaka hotA hai yA pravrajita? unhoMne isa prazna ke uttara meM yaha kathanIya hotA hai aura jitanA kathanIya hai, usakA bhI eka aMza hI kahA ki gRhastha evaM tyAgI yadi mithyAvAdI haiM to ArAdhaka nahIM ho bhASA meM nibaddha karake likhA jAtA hai (gommaTasAra, jIvakANDa 334) / skte| kintu yadi donoM hI samyak AcaraNa karane vAle haiM to donoM hI
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________________ 158 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 ArAdhaka ho sakate haiN|16 isI prakAra jaba mahAvIra se jayaMtI ne yaha vizeSa rUpa se draSTavya hai| pUchA ki sonA acchA hai yA jAganA, to unhoMne kahA thA ki kucha jIvoM kA sonA acchA hai aura kucha kA jaagnaa| pApI kA sonA acchA hai aura saptabhaMgI : dharmAtmAoM kA jaagnaa|17 isase yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki vaktA saptabhaMgI syAdvAda kI bhASAyI abhivyakti ke sAmAnya vikalpoM ko usake prazna kA vizleSaNapUrvaka uttara denA vibhajjavAda hai| praznoM ke ko prastuta karatI hai| hamArI bhASA vidhi-niSedha kI sImAoM se ghirI huI uttaroM kI yaha vizleSaNAtmaka zailI vicAroM ko sulajhAne vAlI tathA hai| "hai" aura "nahIM hai" hamAre kathanoM ke do prArUpa haiN| kintu kabhIvastu ke aneka AyAmoM ko spaSTa karane vAlI hai| isase vaktA kA kabhI hama apanI bAta ko spaSTatayA "hai" (vidhi) aura "nahIM hai" vizleSaNa ekAMgI nahIM banatA hai| buddha aura mahAvIra kA yaha vibhajjavAda (niSedha) kI bhASA meM prastuta karane meM asamartha hote haiN| arthAt sImita hI Age calakara zUnyavAda aura syAdvAda meM vikasita huA hai| zabdAvalI kI yaha bhASA hamArI anubhUti ko prakaTa karane meM asamartha hotI hai| aisI sthiti meM hama eka tIsare vikalpa "avAcya" yA zUnyavAda aura syAdvAda:18 "avaktavya" kA sahArA lete haiM, arthAt zabdoM ke mAdhyama se "hai" aura bhagavAn buddha ne zAzvatavAda aura ucchedavAda-ina donoM ko "nahIM hai" kI bhASAyI sImA meM bA~dhakara use kahA nahIM jA sakatA hai| asvIkAra kiyA aura apane mArga ko madhyama mArga khaa| jabaki bhagavAn isa prakAra vidhi, niSedha aura avaktavyatA se jo sAta prakAra kA vacana mahAvIra ne zAzvatavAda aura ucchedavAda ko apekSAkRta rUpa se svIkRta vinyAsa banatA hai, use saptabhaMgI kahA jAtA hai|19 saptabhaMgI meM syAt karake eka vidhimArga apnaayaa| bhagavAn buddha kI paramparA meM vikasita asti, syAt nAsti aura syAt avaktavya-ye tIna asaMyogI maulika zUnyavAda aura jaina paramparA meM vikasita syAdvAda donoM kA hI lakSya bhaMga haiN| zeSa cAra bhaMga ina tInoM ke saMyoga se banate haiN| unameM syAt ekAntika dArzanika vicAradhArAoM kI asvIkRti hI thaa| donoM meM pharka asti-nAsti, syAt asti-avaktavya aura syAt nAsti-avaktavyoM ye itanA hI hai ki jahAM zUnyavAda eka niSedhapradhAna dRSTi hai vahIM syAdvAda tIna dvisaMyogI aura antima syAta-asti-nAsti-avyaktavya, yaha trisaMyogI meM eka vidhAyaka dRSTi hai| zUnyavAda jo bAta saMvRti satya aura paramArtha bhaMga hai| nirNayoM kI bhASAyI abhivyakti vidhi, niSedha aura avaktavya, satya ke rUpa meM kahatA hai, vahI bAta jaina dArzanika vyavahAra aura nizcaya ina tIna hI rUpa- meM hotI hai| ata: usase tIna hI maulika bhaMga banate naya ke AdhAra para pratipAdita karatA hai| zUnyavAda aura syAdvAda meM haiM aura ina tIna maulika bhaMgoM meM se gaNitazAstra ke saMyoga niyama maulika bheda apane niSkarSoM ke sambandha meM hai| zUnyavAda apane niSkarSoM (Law of Combination) ke AdhAra para sAta bhaMga hI banate haiM, na meM niSedhAtmaka hai aura syAdvAda vidhAnAtmaka hai| zUnyavAda apanI sampUrNa kama na adhik| aSTasahasrI TIkA meM AcArya vidyAnandi ne isIlie tArkika vivecanA meM isa niSkarSa para AtA hai ki vastutattva zAzvata nahIM yaha kahA hai ki jijJAsA aura saMzaya aura unake samAdhAna sapta prakAra hai, ucchinna nahIM hai, eka nahIM hai, aneka nahIM hai, sat nahIM hai, asat ke ho sakate haiN| ata: jaina-AcAryoM kI saptabhaMgI kI yaha vyavasthA nahIM hai| jabaki syAdvAda apane niSkarSoM ko vidhAnAtmaka rUpa se prastuta nirmala nahIM hai| vastutattva ke ananta dharmoM meM se pratyeka ko lekara ekakaratA hai ki vastuzAzvata bhI hai, azAzvata bhI hai, eka bhI hai, aneka bhI eka saptabhaMgI aura isa prakAra ananta saptabhaMgiyA~ to banAI jA. sakI hai, sat bhI hai, asat bhI hai| ekAnta meM rahA huA doSa zUnyavAdI aura haiM kintu anantabhaMgI nhiiN| zvetAmbara Agama bhagavatIsUtra meM SaTpradezI syAdvAdI donoM hI dekhate haiN| isa ekAnta ke doSa se bacane kI tatparatA skandha ke saMbaMdha meM jo 23 bhaMgoM kI yojanA hai, vaha vacana-bheda-kRta meM zUnyavAda dvArA prastuta zUnyatA-zUnyatA kI dhAraNA aura syAdvAda dvArA saMkhyAoM ke kAraNa hai| usameM bhI mUla bhaMga sAta hI hai|20 paMcAstikAya prastuta anekAnta kI anekAntatA kI dhAraNA bhI vizeSa rUpa se draSTavya aura pravacanasAra Adi prAcIna digambara Agama granthoM meM aura zeSa hai| kintu jahA~ zUnyavAdI usa doSa ke bhaya se ekAnta ko asvIkAra paravartI sAhitya meM saptabhaMga hI mAnya rahe haiN| ataH vidvAnoM ko ina bhramoM karatA hai, vahIM syAdvAdI, usake Age syAt zabda rakhakara usa sadoSa kA nivAraNa kara lenA cAhiye ki aise saMyogoM se saptabhaMgI hI kyoM ekAnta ko nirdoSa banA detA hai| donoM meM yadi koI maulika bheda hai to ananta bhaMgI bhI ho sakatI haiM athavA AgamoM meM sAta bhaMga nahIM hai| vaha apanI niSedhAtmaka aura vidheyAtmaka dRSTiyoM kA hI hai| zUnyavAda saptabhaMgI bhI eka paravartI vikAsa hai| kA vastutattva jahA~ catuSkoTivinirmukta zUnya hai, vahIM jaina darzana kA saptabhaMgI kA pratyeka bhaMga eka sApekSika nirNaya prastuta karatA vastutattva anantadharmAtmaka hai| kintu zUnya aura ananta kA gaNita to hai| saptabhaMgI meM syAt asti Adi jo sAta bhaMga haiM, ve kathana ke eka hI hai| ina donoM kI vibhinnatA to usa dRSTi kA hI pariNAma hai, jo tArkika AkAra (Logical forms) haiM,usameM syAt zabda kathana kI ki vaicArika AgrahoM se janamAnasa ko mukta karane ke lie buddha aura sApekSikatA kA sUcaka hai aura asti evaM nAsti kathana ke vidhAnAtmaka mahAvIra ne prastuta kI thii| buddha ke niSedhAtmaka dRSTikoNa kA pariNAma (Affirmative) aura niSedhAtmaka (Negative) hone ke sUcaka haiN| zUnyavAda thA to mahAvIra ke vidhAnAtmaka dRSTikoNa kA pariNAma syaadvaad| kucha jaina vidvAn asti ko sattA kI bhAvAtmakatA kA aura nAsti ko isa sambandha meM AdaraNIya dalasukhabhAI kA lekha 'zUnyavAda aura syAdvAda' abhAvAtmakatA kA sUcaka mAnate haiM kintu yaha dRSTikoNa jaina darzana ko
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________________ syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI : eka cintana 159 avaktavyaca athavA mAnya nahIM ho sktaa| udAharaNa ke lie jaina darzana meM AtmA bhAva rUpa au vi hai. (a)- 3 hai vaha abhAva rUpa nahIM ho sakatA hai| ata: hameM yaha spaSTa rUpa se jAna avaktavya hai lenA cAhie ki syAt asti, syAt nAsti apane ApameM koI kathana syAt nAsti ca areu vi nahIM hai. yadi paryAya kI apekSA se vicAra karate nahIM haiM, apitu kathana ke tArkika AkAra haiM, ve kathana ke prArUpa haiN| una (a.a)-3 hai to AtyA nitya nahIM hai kintu yadi prArUpoM ke lie apekSA tathA uddezya aura vidheya padoM kA ullekha avaktavya hai ananta apekSA kI dRSTi se vicAra karate hai to AtmA avaktavya hai| Avazyaka hai| jaise syAd asti bhaMga kA Thosa udAharaNa hogA-dravya kI (a)53 vi nahIM hai. apekSA AtmA nitya hai| yadi hama isameM apekSA (dravyatA) aura vidheya (a)4-3 avaktavya hai (nityatA) kA ullekha nahIM kareM aura kaheM ki syAd AtmA hai, to syAt asti ca, avi hai. yadi dravya dRSTi se vicAra karate hai to hamArA kathana bhrama pUrNa hogaa| apekSA aura vidheya pada ke ullekha ke nAsti ca arevi nahIM hai. AtmA nitya hai aura yadi paryAya dRSTi se abhAva meM saptabhaMgI ke AdhAra para kiye gaye kathana aneka bhrAntiyoM ko avaktavya ca (a) avaktavya hai vicAra karate hai to AtmA nitya nahIM hai athavA kintu yadi apanI ananta apekSAoM kI janma dete haiN| jisakA vizeSa vivecana hamane dvitIya bhaMga kI carcA ke uvi hai. dRSTi se vicAra karate hai to AtmA avaktavya prasaMga meM kiyA hai| Adhunika tarkazAstra kI dRSTi se saptabhaMgI kA pratyeka arevi nahIM hai. (a.a)-3 avaktavya hai bhaMga eka sApekSika kathana hai jise eka hetuphalAzrita vAkya ke rUpa meM saptabhaMgI ke prastuta sAMketika rUpa meM hamane kevala do apekSAoM prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai| saptabhaMgI ke prasaMga meM utpanna bhrAntiyoM se kA ullekha kiyA hai kinta jaina vicArakoM ne dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bacane ke lie use nimna sakitika rUpa meM vyakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| bhAva aisI cAra apekSAe~ mAnI haiM. usameM bhI bhAva-apekSA vyApaka hai saptabhaMgI ke isa sAMketika prArUpa ke nirmANa meM hamane cihnoM usameM vastako avasthAoM parthayoM gaNoM donoM para vicAra kiyA kA prayoga unake sAmane darzita arthoM meM kiyA hai: jAtA hai| kintu yadi hama pratyeka apekSA kI saMbhAvanAoM para vicAra kareM artha to ye apekSAe~ bhI ananta hoMgI kyoMki vastutattva anantadharmAtmaka hai| yadi- to (hetuphalAzrita kathana) apekSAoM kI ina vividha sambhAvanAoM para vistAra se vicAra kiyA jA apekSA (dRSTikoNa) sakatA hai kintu isa choTe se lekha meM yaha sambhava nahIM hai| saMyojana (aura) isa saptabhaMgI kA prathama bhaMga "syAd asti" hai| yaha svacatuSTaya yugapat (ekasAtha) ko apekSA se vastu ke bhAvAtmaka dharma yA dharmoM kA vidhAna karatA hai| anantatva jaise apane dravya kI apekSA se yaha ghar3A miTTI kA hai, kSetra kI apekSA vyAghAtaka se indaura nagara meM banA huA hai, kAla kI apekSA se zizira Rtu kA uddezya banA huA hai, bhAva arthAt vartamAna paryAya kI apekSA se lAla raMga kA vidheya hai yA ghaTAkAra hai aadi| isa prakAra vastu ke sva dravya, kSetra, kAla evaM bhAva kI apekSA se usake bhAvAtmaka guNoM kA vidhAna karanA yaha prathama bhaMgoM ke Agamika rUpa bhaMgoM ke sAMketika rUpa Thosa udAharaNa syAt asti au vi hai yadi dravyakI apekSA se vicAra 'asti' nAmaka bhaMga kA kArya hai| dUsarA syAt "nAsti' nAmaka bhaMga karate haiM to AtmA nitya hai| vastutattva ke abhAvAtmaka dharma yA dharmoM kI anupasthiti yA nAstitva syAt nAsti kI sUcanA detA hai| vaha yaha batAtA hai ki vastu meM sva se bhinna paraareu vi nahIM hai yadi paryAya kI apekSA se vicAra karate haiM to AtmA nitya nahIM hai| catuSTaya kA abhAva hai| jaise yaha ghar3A tAmbe kA nahIM hai, bhopAla nagara se banA huA nahIM hai, grISma Rtu kA banA huA nahIM hai, kRSNa varNa kA syAd asti nAsti ca au vi~hai. yadi dravya kI apekSA se vicAra nahIM hai aadi| mAtra itanA hI nahIM yaha bhaMga isa bAta ko bhI spaSTa karatA .. are - u vi nahIM hai karate haiM to AtmA nitya hai aura hai ki ghar3A, pustaka, Tebala, kalama, manuSya Adi nahIM hai| jahA~ prathama yadi paryAya kI apekSA he vicAra karate hai to AtmA nitya nahIM hai| bhaMga yaha kahatA hai ki ghar3A ghar3A hI hai, vahA~ dUsarA bhaMga yaha batAtA hai ki ghar3A, ghaTa itara anya kucha nahIM hai| kahA gayA hai ki "sarvamasti (a.a) 23 yadi dravya aura paryAya donoM kI apekSA se eka sAtha vicAra karate hai to AtmA svarUpeNa pararUpeNa nAsti ca" arthAt sabhI vastuoM kI sattA svarUpa avaktavya hai| (kyoMki do bhinna-bhinna se hai pararUpa se nhiiN| yadi vastu meM anya vastuoM ke guNa dharmoM kI sattA apekSAoM se do alaga-alaga kathana ho sakate hai kintu eka kathana nahIM ho sakatA) bhI mAna lI jAyegI to phira vastuoM kA pArasparika bheda hI samApta ho jAvegA aura vastu kA sva-svarUpa hI nahIM raha jAvegA, ata: vastu meM syAt asti ca 153 vi hai. yadi dravya kI apekSA se vicAra karate hai (a.are)ya 3) to AtmA nitya hai kintu yadi AtmA para-catuSTaya kA niSedha karanA dvitIya bhaMga hai| prathama bhaMga batAtA hai ki avaktavya hai kI dravya paryAya donoM yA ananta kI dRSTi / se vicAra karate hai to AtmA avaktavya hai| vastu kyA hai, jabaki dUsarA bhaMga yaha batAtA hai ki vastu kyA nahIM hai| pn .+8 104 syAd avaktavya avaktavya avaktavya ca athavA
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________________ jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 160 sAmAnyatayA isa dvitIya bhaMga ko "syAt nAsti ghaTaH" arthAt kisI nahIM, apitu ghaTa meM para dravyAdi kA niSedha karanA cAhate haiN| ve kahanA apekSA se ghar3A nahIM hai, isa rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jAtA hai, kintu isake yaha cAhate haiM ki ghaTa paTa nahIM hai yA ghaTa meM paTa Adi ke dharma nahIM haiM, prastutIkaraNa kA yaha DhaMga thor3A bhrAntijanaka avazya hai, sthUla dRSTi se kintu smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki isa kathana meM prathama aura dvitIya bhaMga meM dekhane para aisA lagatA hai ki prathama bhaMga meM ghaTa ke astitva kA jo apekSA nahIM badalI hai| yadi prathama bhaMga se yaha kahA jAve ki ghar3A miTTI vidhAna kiyA gayA thA, usI kA dvitIya bhaMga meM niSedha kara diyA gayA kA hai aura dUsare bhaMga meM yaha kahA jAve ki ghar3A pItala kA nahIM hai to hai aura aisI sthiti meM syAdvAda ko sandehavAda yA AtmA virodhI kathana donoM meM apekSA eka hI hai arthAt donoM kathana dravya kI yA upAdAna kI karane vAlA siddhAnta samajha lene kI bhrAnti ho jAnA svAbhAvika hai| apekSA se haiN| aba dUsarA udAharaNa leN| kisI apekSA se ghar3A nitya hai, zaMkara prabhRti vidvAnoM ne syAdvAda kI jo AlocanA kI thI, kisI apekSA se ghar3A nitya nahIM hai, yahA~ donoM bhaMgoM meM apekSA badala usakA mukhya AdhAra yahI bhrAnti hai| 'syAt asti ghaTaH' aura 'syAt jAtI hai| yahA~ prathama bhaMga meM dravya kI apekSA se ghar3e ko nitya kahA gayA nAsti ghaTaH' meM jaba syAt zabda ko dRSTi se ojhala kara yA use aura dUsare bhaMga meM paryAya kI apekSA se ghar3e ko nitya nahIM kahA gayA sambhAvanA ke artha meM grahaNa kara 'asti' aura 'nAsti' para bala diyA hai| dvitIya bhaMga ke pratipAdana ke ye donoM rUpa bhinna-bhinna haiN| dUsare yaha jAtA hai to Atma-virodha kA AbhAsa hone lagatA hai| jahA~ taka maiM kahanA ki paracatuSTaya kI apekSA se ghaTa nahIM hai yA paTa kI apekSA ghaTa samajha pAyA hU~ syAdvAda kA pratipAdana karane vAle kisI AcArya kI nahIM hai, bhASA kI dRSTi se thor3A bhrAntijanaka avazya hai kyoMki dRSTi meM dvitIya bhaMga kA kArya prathama bhaMga meM sthApita kiye gaye guNadharma paracatuSTaya vastu kI sattA kA niSedhaka nahIM ho sakatA hai| vastu meM kA usI apekSA se niSedha karanA nahIM hai, apitu yA to prathama bhaMga meM paracatuSTaya arthAt sva-bhinna para dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva kA abhAva to asti rUpa mAne gaye guNa dharma se itara guNa dharmoM kA niSedha karanA hai hotA hai kintu unakI apekSA vastu kA abhAva nahIM hotA hai| kyA yaha athavA phira apekSA ko badala kara usI guNa dharma kA niSedha karanA hotA kahanA ki kursI kI apekSA Tebala nahIM hai yA pItala kI apekSA yaha hai aura isa prakAra dvitIya bhaMga prathama bhaMga ke kathana ko puSTa karatA hai, ghar3A nahIM hai, bhASA ke abhrAnta prayoga haiM? isa kathana meM jainAcAryoM kA khaNDita nhiiN| yadi dvitIya bhaMga ke kathana ko usI apekSA se prathama bhaMga Azaya to yahI hai ki Tebala kusI nahIM hai yA ghar3A pItala kA nahIM hai| kA niSedhaka yA virodhI mAna liyA jAvegA to nizcaya hI yaha siddhAnta ata: paracatuSTaya kI apekSA se vastu nahIM hai, yaha kahane kI apekSA yaha saMzayavAda yA Atma virodha ke doSoM se grasita ho jAvegA, kintu aisA kahanA ki vastu meM paracatuSTaya kA abhAva hai, bhASA kA samyak prayoga nahIM hai| yadi prathama bhaMga meM 'syAdastyeva ghaTaH' kA artha kisI apekSA se hogaa| vidvAnoM se merI vinatI hai ki ve saptabhaMgI ke vizeSa rUpa se ghar3A hai hI aura dvitIya bhaMga meM "syAnnAstyeva ghaTaH" kA artha kisI dvitIya evaM tRtIya bhaMga ke bhASA ke svarUpa para aura svayaM unake apekSA se ghar3A hI nahIM hai aisA kareMge to AbhAsa hogA ki donoM kathana AkArika svarUpa para punarvicAra kareM aura Adhunika tarkazAstra ke virodhI haiN| kyoMki ina kathanoM ke bhASAyI svarUpa se aisA AbhAsa hotA sandarbha meM use punargaThita kareM to jaina nyAya ke kSetra meM eka bar3I hai ki ina kathanoM meM ghaTa ke astitva aura nAstitva ko hI sUcita upalabdhi hogI kyoMki dvitIya evaM tRtIya bhaMgoM kI kathana vidhi ke kiyA gayA haiN| jabaki jaina-AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM ina kathanoM kA bala vividha rUpa parilakSita hote haiN| ata: yahA~ dvitIya bhaMga ke vividha unameM prayukta "syAt" zabda meM hI hai, ve yaha nahIM mAnate haiM ki dvitIya svarUpoM para thor3A vicAra karanA aprAsaMgika nahIM hogaa| merI dRSTi meM bhaMga prathama bhaMga meM sthApita satya kA pratiSedha karatA hai| donoM bhaMgoM meM ghaTa dvitIya bhaMga ke nimna cAra rUpa ho sakate haiM: ke sambandha meM jinakA vidhAna yA niSedha kiyA gayA hai ve apekSAzrita dharma haiM na ki ghaTa kA svayaM kA astitva yA naastitv| punaH donoM bhaMgoM artha (1) prathama bhaMga- a u vi hai (1) prathama bhaMga meM jisa dharma (vidheya) kA vidhAna ke "apekSAzrita dharma" eka nahIM haiM, bhinna-bhinna haiN| prathama bhaMga meM jina na dvitIya bhaMga-are - 3 nahIM hai kiyA gayA hai| apekSA badalakara dvitIya bhaMga apekSAzrita dharmoM kA niSedha huA hai, ve dUsare arthAt para-catuSTaya ke haiN| meM usI dharma (vidheya) kA niSedha kara denaa| ata: prathama bhaMga ke vidhAna aura dvitIya bhaMga ke niSedha meM koI Atma jaise : dravyadRSTi se ghar3A nitya hai| paryAyadRSTi virodha nahIM hai| merI dRSTi meM isa bhrAnti kA mUla kAraNa prastuta vAkya meM se ghar3A nitya nahIM hai| usa vidheya pada (Predicate) ke spaSTa ullekha kA abhAva hai, (2) prathama bhaMga- a u vi hai (2) prathama bhaMga meM jisa dharma kA vidhAna kiyA jisakA ki vidhAna yA niSedha kiyA jAtA hai| yadi "nAsti' pada ko dvitIya bhaMga-a - vi hai gayA hai, apekSA badalakara dvitIya bhaMga meM vidheya sthAnIya mAnA jAtA hai to puna: yahA~ yaha bhI prazna uTha sakatA hai usake viruddha dharma kA pratipAdana kara denA ki jo ghaTa asti rUpa hai, vaha nAsti rUpa kaise ho sakatA hai? yadi yaha hai| jaise dravyadRSTi se ghar3A nitya hai| (3) prathama bhaMga-a u vi hai. (3) prathama bhaMga meM pratipAdita dharma ko puSTa karane kahA jAye ki para dravyAdi kI apekSA se ghaTa nahIM hai, to para drvyaadi| kSA se ghaTa nahIM hai, tA para dravyAda dvitIya bhaMga-arevinda hetu usI apekSA se dvitIya bhaMga meM usake ghaTa ke astitva ke niSedhaka kaise bana sakate haiM? viruddha dharma yA bhinna dharma kA vastu meM niSedha yadyapi yahA~ pUrvAcAryoM kA mantavya spaSTa hai ki ve ghaTa kA kara denaa|
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________________ syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI : eka cintana 161 jaise-raMga kI dRSTi se yaha kamIja nIlI hai| artha ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se cAra avasthAoM kA nirdeza kiyA hairaMga kI dRSTi se yaha kamIja pIlI nahIM hai| (1) pahalA vedakAlIna niSedhAtmaka dRSTikoNa, jisameM vizva athavA apane svarUpa kI dRSTi se AtmA meM cetanA ke kAraNa kI khoja karate hue RSi usa kAraNa tattva ko na sat aura na asat kahakara vivecita karatA hai, yahA~ donoM pakSoM kA niSedha hai| apane svarUpa kI dRSTi AtmA acetana nahIM (2) dUsarA aupaniSadika vidhAnAtmaka dRSTikoNa, jisameM sata, asat Adi virodhI tattvoM meM samanvaya dekhA jAtA hai| jaiseathavA upAdAna kI dRSTi se yaha ghar3A miTTI kA hai| hI "tadejati tannejati" "aNoraNIyAn mahato mahIyAna" aadi| yahA~ donoM tadajAta tannajAta "aNAraNAyAn mahatA mahAyAna" upAdAna kI dRSTi se yaha ghar3A svarNa kA nahIM pakSoM kI svIkRti hai| (3) tIsarA dRSTikoNa jisameM tattva ko svarUpataH avyapadezya (4) prathama bhaMga-a u hai (4) jaba pratipAdita kathana deza yA kAla yA yA anirvacanIya mAnA gayA hai, yaha dRSTikoNa bhI upaniSadoM meM hI dvitIya bhaMga-a u nahIM hai donoM ke sambandha meM ho taba deza-kAla Adi kI apekSA ko badalakara prathama bhaMga meM prati milatA hai use "yato vAco nivartante", "yadvAcAnabhyuditaM, naiva vAcA na pAdita kathana kA niSedha kara denaa| manasA prAptuM zakyoH " aadi| buddha ke avyAkRtavAda evaM zUnyavAda kI jaise-27 navambara kI apekSA maiM yahA~ para huuN| cataSTakoTi vinirmukta tattva kI avadhAraNA meM bhI bahuta kucha isI 20 navambara kI apekSA maiM yahA~ para nahIM thaa| dRSTikoNa kA prabhAva dekhA jA sakatA hai| dvitIya bhaMga ke uparyukta cAroM rUpoM meM prathama aura dvitIya rUpa (4) cauthA dRSTikoNa jaina nyAya meM sApekSika avaktavyatA yA meM bahuta adhika maulika bheda nahIM hai| antara itanA hI hai ki jahA~ prathama sApekSika anirvacanIyatA ke rUpa meM vikasita huA hai| rUpa meM eka hI dharma kA prathama bhaMga meM vidhAna aura dUsare bhaMga meM niSedha sAmAnyatayA avaktavya ke nimna artha ho sakate haiMhotA hai vahA~ dUsare rUpa meM donoM bhaMgoM meM alaga-alaga rUpa meM do viruddha (1) sat va asat donoM kA niSedha krnaa| dharmoM kA vidhAna hotA hai| prathama rUpa kI AvazyakatA taba hotI hai jaba (2) sat, asat aura sadasat tInoM kA niSedha krnaa| vastu meM eka hI guNa apekSA bheda se kabhI upasthita rahe aura kabhI (3) sat, asat, sat-asat (ubhaya) aura na sat na asat upasthita nahIM rhe| isa rUpa ke lie vastu meM do viruddha dharmoM ke yugala (anubhaya) cAroM kA niSedha krnaa| kA honA jarUrI nahIM hai, jabaki dUsare rUpa kA prastutIkaraNa kevala usI sthiti meM sambhava hotA hai, jabaki vastu meM dharma viruddha yugala ho| tIsarA (4) vastutattva ko svabhAva se hI avaktavya mAnanA, arthAt yaha ki vastutattva anubhava meM to A sakatA hai kintu kahA nahIM jA rUpa taba banatA hai, jabaki usa vastu meM pratipAdita dharma ke viruddha dharma sktaa| kI upasthiti hI na ho| caturtha rUpa kI AvazyakatA taba hotI hai, jaba (5) sat aura asat donoM ko yugapat rUpa se svIkAra ki hamAre pratipAdana meM vidheya.kA spaSTa rUpa se ullekha na ho| dvitIya karanA, kintu usake kathana ke lie koI zabda na hone ke kAraNa bhaMga ke pUrvokta rUpoM meM prathama rUpa meM apekSA badalatI hai, dharma (vidheya) avaktavya khnaa| vahI rahatA hai aura kriyA pada niSedhAtmaka hotA hai| dvitIya rUpa meM (6) vastutattva anantadharmAtmaka hai arthAt vastutattva ke dharmoM apekSA badalatI hai, dharma (vidheya) ke sthAna para usakA viruddha dharma kI saMkhyA ananta hai kintu zabdoM kI saMkhyA sImita hai aura isalie (vidheya kA vyAghAtaka pada) hotA hai aura kriyApada vidhAnAtmaka hotA hai| usameM jitane dharma haiM, utane vAcaka zabda nahIM hai| ata: vAcaka zabdoM ke tRtIya rUpa meM apekSA vahI rahatI hai, dharma (vidheya) ke sthAna para usakA abhAva ke kAraNa use aMzata: vAcya aura aMzata: avAcya maannaa| viruddha yA viparIta pada rakhA jAtA hai aura kriyApada niSedhAtmaka hotA yahA~ yaha prazna vicAraNIya ho sakatA hai ki jaina vicAra hai tathA antima caturtha rUpa meM apekSA badalatI hai aura pratipAdita kathana paramparA meM isa avaktavyatA ke kauna se artha mAnya rahe haiN| sAmAnyatA kA niSedha kara diyA jAtA hai| jaina paramparA meM avaktavyatA ke prathama tInoM niSedhAtmaka artha mAnya nahIM * saptabhaMgI kA tIsarA maulika bhaMga avaktavya hai ata: yaha rahe haiN| usakA mAnya artha yahI hai ki sat aura asat donoM kA yugapat vicAraNIya hai ki isa bhaMga kI yojanA kA uddezya kyA hai? sAmAnyatayA / vivecana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai isalie vastutattva avaktavya hai; kintu yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki vastu meM eka hI samaya meM rahate hue sat-asat, yadi hama prAcIna jaina AgamoM ko dekheM to avaktavyatA kA yaha artha nitya-anitya Adi viruddha dharmoM kA yugapat arthAt eka sAtha pratipAdana antima nahIM kahA jA sktaa| AcArAMgasUtra meM AtmA ke svarUpa ko karane vAlA koI zabda nahIM hai| ata: viruddha dharmoM kI eka sAtha jisa rUpa meM vacanAgocara kahA gayA hai vaha vicAraNIya hai| vahA~ kahA abhivyakti kI zAbdika asamarthatA ke kAraNa avaktavya bhaMga kI yojanA gayA hai ki 'AtmA dhvanyAtmaka kisI bhI zabda kI pravRtti kA viSaya kI gaI hai, kintu avaktavya kA yaha artha usakA ekamAtra artha nahIM hai| nahIM hai| vANI usakA nirvacana karane meM kathamapi samartha nahIM hai| vahA~ yadi hama avaktavya zabda para aitihAsika dRSTi se vicAra karate haiM to vANI mUka ho jAtI hai, tarka kI vahA~ taka paha~ca nahIM hai, (mati) use usake artha meM eka vikAsa dekhA jAtA hai| DaoN0 padyarAje ne avaktavya ke
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________________ jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 162 grahaNa karane meM asamartha hai arthAt vaha vANI, vicAra aura buddhi kA saptabhaMgI aura trimUlyAtmaka tarkazAstra: viSaya nahIM hai| kisI upamA ke dvArA bhI use nahIM samajhAyA jA sakatA vartamAna yuga meM pAzcAtya tarkazAstra ke vicArakoM meM lyUsAivikanakI hai kyoMki use koI upamA nahIM dI jA sakatI, vaha anupama hai, arUpI eka nayI dRSTi dI hai, usake anusAra tArkika nirNayoM meM kevala satya, sattAvAn hai| usa apada kA koI pada nahIM hai arthAt aisA koI zabda asatya aise do mUlya hI nahIM hote, apitu satya, asatya aura nahIM hai jisake dvArA usakA nirUpaNa kiyA jA ske|"21 ise dekhate sambhAvita satya aise tIna mUlya hote haiN| isI saMdarbha meM DaoN0 esa0esa0 hue yaha mAnanA par3egA ki vastusvarUpa hI kucha aisA hai ki use vANI bAraliMge ne jaina nyAya ko trimUlyAtmaka siddha karane kA prayAsa jayapura kA mAdhyama nahIM banAyA jA sakatA hai| punaH vastutattva kI anantadharmAtmakatA kI eka goSThI meM kiyA thaa| yadyapi jahA~ taka jainanyAya yA syAdvAda ke aura zabdasaMkhyA kI sImitatA ke AdhAra para bhI vastutattva ko avaktavya siddhAMta kA prazna hai use trimUlyAtmaka mAnA jA sakatA haiM kyoMki jaina mAnA gayA hai| AcArya nemicandra ne gommaTasAra meM anabhilApya bhAva kA nyAya meM pramANa, sunaya aura durnaya aise tIna kSetra mAne gaye haiM, isameM ullekha kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM ki anubhava meM Aye avaktavya bhAvoM kA pramANa sunizcita satya, sunaya sambhAvitasatya aura durnaya asatyatA ke anantavA~ bhAga hI kathana kiyA jAne yogya hai|22 ata: yaha mAna lenA paricAyaka haiN| puna: jaina darzanikoM ne pramANavAkya aura nayavAkya aise ucita nahIM hai ki jaina paramparA meM avaktavyatA kA kevala eka hI artha do prakAra ke vAkya mAnakara pramANavAkya ko sakalAdeza (sunizcita mAnya hai| satya yA pUrNa satya) kahA hai| nayavAkya ko na satya kahA jA sakatA hai isa prakAra jaina darzana meM avaktavyatA ke cauthe, pA~caveM aura aura na asty| ata: satya aura asatya ke madhya eka tIsarI koTi chaThe artha mAnya rahe haiN| phira bhI hameM yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki sApekSa AMzika satya yA sambhAvita satya mAnI jA sakatI hai| punaH vastutattva avyaktavyatA aura nirapekSa avaktavyatA meM jaina dRSTi sApekSa avaktavya kI anantadharmAtmakatA evaM syAdvAda siddhAMta bhI sambhAvita satyatA ke ko svIkAra karatI hai, nirapekSa ko nhiiN| vaha yaha mAnatI hai ki vastutattva samarthaka haiM kyoMki vastutattva kI anantadharmAtmakatA anya sambhAvanAoM pUrNatayA vaktavya to nahIM hai kintu vaha pUrNatayA avaktavya bhI nahIM hai| ko nirasta nahIM karatI hai aura syAdvAda usa kathita satyatA ke atirikta yadi hama vastutattva ko pUrNatayA avaktavya arthAt anirvacanIya mAna anya sambhAvita satyatAoM ko svIkAra karatA hai| leMge to phira bhASA evaM vicAroM ke AdAna-pradAna kA koI artha hI nahIM isa prakAra jaina darzana kI vastutattva kI anantadharmAtmakatA raha jaayegaa| ata: jaina dRSTikoNa vastutattva kI anirvacanIyatA ko tathA pramANa, naya aura durnaya kI dhAraNAoM ke AdhAra para syAdvAda svIkAra karate hue bhI yaha mAnatA hai ki sApekSa rUpa se vaha nirvacanIya siddhAMta trimUlyAtmaka tarkazAstra (Three valued logic) yA bahumUlyAtmaka bhI hai| sattA aMzata: nirvacanIya hai aura aMzata: anirvcniiy| kyoMki tarkazAstra (Many valuedlogic) kA samarthaka mAnA jA sakatA hai yahI bAta usake sApekSavAdI dRSTikoNa aura syAdvAda siddhAnta ke anukUla kintu jahAM taka saptabhaMgI kA prazna hai use trimUlyAtmaka nahIM kahA jA hai| isa prakAra pUrva nirdiSTa pA~ca arthoM meM se pahale do ko chor3akara sakatA, kyoMki usameM nAstira nAmaka bhaMga evaM avaktavya nAmaka bhaMga antima tInoM ko mAnane meM use koI bAdhA nahIM AtI hai| merI dRSTi meM kramaza: asatya evaM aniyatatA (Indeterminate) ke sUcaka nahIM haiN| avaktavya bhaMga kA bhI eka hI rUpa nahIM hai, prathama to "hai" aura "nahIM saptabhaMgI kA pratyeka bhaMga satya-mUlya kA sUcaka hai yadyapi jaina vicArakoM hai" aise vidhi-pratiSedha kA yugapad (eka sAtha) pratipAdana sambhava nahIM ne pramANa-saptabhaMgI aura naya-saptabhaMgI ke rUpa meM saptabhaMgI ke jo do hai, ata: avaktavya bhaMga kI yojanA hai| dUsare nirapekSa rUpa se vastutattva rUpa mAne haiM, usake AdhAra para yahA~ kahA jA sakatA hai ki pramANakA kathana sambhava nahIM hai, ataH vastutattva avaktavya hai| tIsare apekSAe~ saptabhaMgI ke sabhI bhaMga sunizcita satyatA aura naya saptabhaMgI ke sabhI ananta ho sakatI haiM kintu ananta apekSAoM se yugapad rUpa meM bhaMga sambhAvita yA AMzika satyatA kA pratipAdana karate haiN| asatya kA vastutattva kA pratipAdana saMbhava nahIM hai isalie bhI use avaktavya mAnanA sUcaka to kevala durnaya hI hai| ata: saptabhaMgI trimUlyAtmaka nahIM hai| hogaa| isake nimna tIna prArUpa haiM kintu mere ziSya DaoN bhikhArI rAma yAdava ne apane prastuta (1) (a.a)yu u avaktavya hai, zodha nibandha meM atyanta zramapUrvaka saptabhaMgI ko saptamUlyAtmaka siddha (2) a. u avaktavya hai, kiyA hai aura apane pakSa ke samarthana meM samakAlIna pAzcAtya tarkazAstra (3) (a) u avaktavya hai| ke pramANa bhI prastuta kiye haiN| AzA hai vidvajjana unake isa prayAsa kA saptabhaMgI ke zeSa cAroM bhaMga saMyogika haiN| vicAra kI spaSTa samyak mUlyAMkana kreNge| Aja mujhe isa bAta kI prasannatA hai ki mere hI abhivyakti kI dRSTi se inakA mahattva to avazya hai kintu inakA apanA ziSya ne cintana ke kSetra meM mujhase eka kadama Age rakhA hai| hama gurukoI svatantra dRSTikoNa nahIM hai, ye apane saMyogI mUlabhaMgoM kI apekSA ziSya meM kauna satya hai yA asatya hai yaha vivAda ho sakatA hai yaha ko dRSTigata rakhate hue hI vastusvarUpa kA spaSTIkaraNa karate haiN| ataH nirNaya to pAThakoM ko karanA hai; kintu anekAnta zailI meM apekSAbheda se ina para yahA~ vistRta vicAra apekSita nahIM hai| donoM bhI satya ho sakate haiN| vaise zAstrakAroM ne kahA hai ki ziSya se parAjaya guru ke lie parama Ananda kA viSaya hotA hai kyoMki vaha usake
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________________ 163 syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI : eka cintana jIvana kI sArthakatA kA avasara hai| se kahA thA-he gautama terA mere prati jo mamatva hai vahI tere kevalajJAna (satya darzana) kA bAdhaka hai| mahAvIra kI spaSTa ghoSaNA thI ki satya kA syAdvAda kA lakSya-eka samanvayAtmaka dRSTi kA vikAsa : sampUrNa darzana Agraha ke ghere meM rahakara nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| Agrahabuddhi (a) dArzanika vicAroM ke samanvaya kA AdhAra syAdvAda : yA dRSTirAga satya ko asatya banA detA hai| satya kA pragaTana Agraha meM bhagavAn mahAvIra aura buddha ke samaya bhArata meM vaicArika saMgharSa nahIM, anAgraha meM hotA hai, virodha meM nahIM, samanvaya meM hotA hai| satya aura dArzanika vivAda apane carama sImA para thaa| jaina AgamoM ke kA sAdhaka anAgrahI aura vItarAgI hotA hai, upAdhyAya yazovijayajI anusAra usa samaya 363 aura bauddha AgamoM ke anusAra 62 dArzanika syAdvAda kI isI anAgrahI evaM samanvayAtmaka dRSTi ko spaSTa karate hue mata pracalita the| vaicArika Agraha aura matAndhatA ke isa yuga meM eka adhyAtmasAra meM likhate haiMaise dRSTikoNa kI AvazyakatA thI, jo vivAdoM se Upara uThane ke lie yasya sarvatra samatA nayeSu, tanayeSviva, dizA nirdeza de ske| bhagavAn buddha ne isa Agraha evaM matAndhatA se tasyAnekAntavAdasya kva nyUnAdhikazemuSI Upara uThane ke lie vivAda parAGmukhatA ko apnaayaa| suttanipAta meM ve tena syAdvAmAlaMvya sarvadarzana tulyatAm / kahate haiM ki maiM vivAda ke do phala batAtA huuN| eka to vaha apUrNa va mokSodevizeSeNa yaH pazyati saH zAstravit / / ekAMgI hotA hai aura dUsare kalaha evaM azAnti kA kAraNa hotA hai| mAdhyasthameva zAstrArthoM yena taccAru siddhyati / ata: nirvANa ko nirvivAda bhUmi samajhane vAlA sAdhaka vivAda meM na sa eva dharmavAdaH syAdanyadvAliza valganam / / pdd'e|23 buddha ne apane yuga meM pracalita sabhI para virodhI dArzanika mAdhyasthasahitaM hokapadajJAnamApi prmaa| dRSTikoNoM ko sadoSa batAyA aura isa prakAra apane ko kisI bhI zAstrakoTivRthaivAnyA tathA cauktaM mahAtmanA / / dArzanika mAnyatA ke sAtha nahIM baaNdhaa| ve kahate haiM paMDita kisI dRSTi yA -adhyAtmopaniSad, 61,70-72 vAda meM nahIM pdd'taa|24 buddha kI dRSTi meM dArzanika vAdavivAda nirvANa saccA anekAntavAdI kisI darzana se dveSa nahIM krtaa| vaha mArga ke sAdhaka ke kArya nahIM haiN| anAsakta mukta puruSa ke pAsa vivAda sampUrNa dRSTikoNa (darzanoM) ko isa prakAra vAtsalya dRSTi se dekhatA hai rUpI yuddha ke lie koI kAraNa hI zeSa nahIM raha jaataa|25 isI prakAra jaise koI pitA apane putra ko, kyoMki anekAntavAdI ko nyUnAdhika bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bhI Agraha ko sAdhanA kA samyak patha nahIM smjhaa| buddhi nahIM ho sktii| saccA zAstrajJa kahe jAne kA adhikArI to vahI unhoMne bhI kahA ki Agraha, matAndhatA yA ekAMgI dRSTi ucita nahIM hai hai, jo syAdvAda kA Alambana lekara sampUrNa darzanoM meM samAna bhAva jo loga apane mata kI prazaMsA aura dUsaroM kI nindA karane meM hI rakhatA hai| vAstava meM mAdhyasthabhAva hI zAstroM kA gUr3ha rahasya hai, yahI pAMDitya dikhAte haiM, ve saMsAra cakra meM ghUmate rahate haiN|26 isa prakAra dharmavAda hai| madhyastha bhAva rahane para zAstra ke eka pada para jJAna bhI saphala bhagavAn mahAvIra va buddha donoM hI usa yuga kI Agraha vRtti evaM hai| anyathA karor3oM zAstroM kA jJAna bhI vRthA hai| kyoMki jahA~ Agraha matAndhatA se jana mAnasa ko mukta karanA cAhate the phira bhI buddha aura buddhi hotI hai vahA~ vipakSa meM nihita satya kA darzana saMbhava nahIM hotaa| mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM thor3A antara thaa| jahA~ buddha ina vivAdoM se bacane vastutaH zAzvatavAda, ucchedavAda, nityavAda, anityavAda, bhedavAda, kI salAha de rahe the, vahIM mahAvIra inake samanvaya kI eka aisI abhedavAda, dvaitavAda, advaitavAda, hetuvAda, ahetuvAda, niyativAda vidhAyaka dRSTi prastuta kara rahe the, jisakA pariNAma syAdvAda hai| puruSArthavAda, Adi jitane bhI dArzanika mata-matAntara haiM, ve sabhI parama syAdvAda vividha dArzanika ekAntavAdoM meM samanvaya karane kA sattA ke vibhinna pahaluoM se liye gaye citra haiM aura ApekSika rUpa se prayAsa karatA hai| usakI dRSTi meM nityavAda, dvaitavAda-advaitavAda, bhedavAda- satya haiM dravya dRSTi aura paryAya dRSTi ke AdhAra para ina virodhI siddhAntoM abhedavAda Adi sabhI vastu svarUpa ke AMzika pakSoM ko spaSTa karate haiN| meM samanvaya kiyA jA sakatA hai| ataH eka saccA syAdvAdI kisI bhI inameM se koI bhI asatya to nahIM hai kintu pUrNa satya bhI nahIM hai| yadi darzana se dveSa nahIM karatA hai, vaha sabhI darzanoM kA ArAdhaka hotA hai| inako koI asatya banAtA hai to vaha AMzika satya ko pUrNa satya mAna paramayogI AnandaghanajI likhate hai-lene kA unakA Agraha hI hai| syAdvAda apekSA bheda meM ina sabhI ke bIca samanvaya karane kA prayAsa karatA hai aura yaha batAtA hai ki satya tabhI ghaT darasaNa jina aMga bhaNIje, nyAya ghaDaMga jo sAdhe re / asatya bana jAtA hai, jabaki hama AgrahI dRSTi se use dekhate haiN| yadi nami jinavaranA caraNa upAsaka, SaTadarzana ArAdhe re / / 1 / / hamArI dRSTi apane ko Agraha ke Upara uThAkara dekhe to hameM satya kA jina sura pAdapa pAya bakhANaM, sAMkhya joga doya bhede re / darzana ho sakatA haiN| satya kA saccA prakAza kevala anAgrahI ko hI Atama sattA vivaraNa karatA, lahI duya aMga akhede re / / 2 / / mila sakatA hai| mahAvIra ke prathama ziSya gautama kA jIvana svayaM isakA bheda abheda sugata mImAMsaka, jinavara doya kara bhArI re| eka pratyakSa sAkSya hai| gautama ke kevala- jJAna meM Akhira kauna sA tattva lokAloka avalaMbana bhajiye, gurugamathI avadhArI re / / 3 / / bAdhaka bana rahA thaa| mahAvIra ne svayaM isakA samAdhAna karate hue gautama lokAyatika sukha kUkha jinavarakI, aMza vicAra jo kIje /
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________________ jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 164 tattva vicAra sudhArasa dhArA, gurugama biNa kema pIje / / 4 / / (sa) anekAMta dhArmika sahiSNutA ke kSetra meM : jaina jinezvara uttama aMga, aMtaraMga bahiraMge re| sabhI dharma sAdhanA paddhatiyoM kA mukhya lakSya rAga, Asakti, akSara nyAsa gharA ArAdhaka, ArAdhe gharI saMge re||5|| ahaM evaM tRSNA kI samApti rahA hai| jaina dharma kI sAdhanA kA lakSya vItarAgatA hai, to bauddha dharma kI sAdhanA lakSya vItatRSNa honA mAnA gayA (ba) rAjanaitika kSetra meM syAdvAda ke siddhAnta kA upayoga: hai| vahIM vedAnta meM ahaM aura Asakti se Upara uThanA hI mAnava kA anekAnta kA siddhAnta na kevala dArzanika apitu rAjanaitika sAdhya batAyA gayA hai| lekina kyA ekAMta yA Agraha vaicArikarAga, vivAda bhI hala karatA hai| Aja kA rAjanaitika jagat bhI vaicArika vaicArika Asakti, vaicArika tRSNA athavA vaicArika ahaM ke hI rUpa saMkulatA se paripUrNa hai| pUMjIvAda, samAjavAda, sAmyavAda, phAsIvAda, nahIM haiM aura jaba taka ve upasthita haiM dhArmika sAdhanA ke kSetra meM lakSya nAjIvAda Aja aneka rAjanaitika vicAradhArAe~ tathA rAjatantra, kulatantra, kI siddhi kaise hogI? jina sAdhanA paddhatiyoM meM ahiMsA ke Adarza ko adhinAyaka tantra, Adi anekAneka zAsana praNAliyAM vartamAna meM pracalita svIkAra kiyA gayA unake lie Agraha yA ekAnta vaicArika hiMsA kA haiN| mAtra itanA hI nahIM unameM se pratyeka eka dUsare kI samApti ke lie pratIka bhI bana jAtA hai| eka ora sAdhanA ke vaiyaktika pahalU kI dRSTi pratyanazIla haiN| vizva ke rASTra khemoM meM baMTe hue haiM aura pratyeka kheme kA se matAgraha vaicArika Asakti yA rAga kA hI rUpa hai to dUsarI ora agraNI rASTra apanA prabhAva kSetra bar3hAne hetu dUsare ke vinAza meM tatpara hai| sAdhanA ke samAjika pahalU kI dRSTi se vaha vaicArika hiMsA hai| vaicArika mukhya bAta yaha hai ki Aja kA rAjanaitika saMgharSa Arthika hitoM kA Asakti aura vaicArika hiMsA se mukti ke lie dhArmika kSetra meM anAgraha saMgharSa. na hokara vaicArika saMgharSa hai| Aja amerikA aura rUsa apanI aura anekAnta kI sAdhanA apekSita hai| vastutaH dharma kA AvirbhAva vaicArika prabhusattA ke prabhAva ko bar3hAne ke liye hI pratispardhA meM lage mAnava jAti meM zAMti aura sahayoga ke vistAra ke lie huA thaa| dharma hue haiN| eka dUsare ko nAma-zeSa karane kI unakI yaha mahattvAkAMkSA kahIM manuSya ko manuSya se jor3ane ke lie thA lekina Aja vahI dharma manuSyamAnava jAti ko hI nAma zeSa na kara de| manuSya meM vibheda kI dIvAreM khIMca rahA hai dhArmika matAndhatA meM hiMsA, Aja ke rAjanaitika jIvana meM syAdvAda ke do vyAvahArika saMgharSa, chala, chadma, anyAya, atyAcAra kyA nahIM ho rahA hai? kyA phalita vaicArika sahiSNutA aura samanvaya atyanta upAdeya haiN| vastuta: isakA kAraNa dharma ho sakatA hai? isakA uttara nizcita rUpa se mAnava jAti ne rAjanaitika jagat meM, rAjatantra se prajAtantra taka kI 'hA~' meM nahIM diyA jA sktaa| yathArtha meM 'dharma' nahIM kintu dharma kA jo lambI yAtrA taya kI hai usakI sArthakatA syAdvAda dRSTi ko AvaraNa DAla kara mAnava kI mahattvAkAMkSA, usakA ahaMkAra hI yaha saba apanAne meM hI hai| virodhI pakSa dvArA kI jAne vAlI AlocanA ke karavAtA rahA hai| yaha dharma nahIM, dharmakA nakAba DAle adharma hai| prati sahiSNu hokara usake dvArA apane doSoM ko samajhanA aura unheM mUla prazna yaha hai ki kyA dharma aneka haiM yA ho sakate haiM? dUra karane kA prayAsa karanA, Aja ke rAjanaitika jIvana kI sabase isa prazna kA uttara anekAMtika zailI se yaha hogA ki dharma eka bhI hai bar3I AvazyakatA hai| vipakSa kI dhAraNAoM meM bhI satyatA ho aura aneka bhii| sAdhyAtmaka dharma yA dharmoM kA sAdhya eka hai jabaki sakatI hai aura sabala virodhI dala kI upasthiti se hameM apane sAdhanAtmaka dharma aneka haiN| sAdhya rUpa meM dharmoM kI ekatA aura sAdhanA doSoM ke nirAkaraNa kA acchA avasara milatA hai, isa vicAra-dRSTi rUpa se anekatA ko hI yathArtha dRSTikoNa kahA jA sakatA hai| sabhI dharmoM aura sahiSNu bhAvanA meM hI prajAtantra kA bhaviSya ujjvala raha kA sAdhya hai, samatva lAbha (samAdhi) arthAt Antarika tathA bAhya sakatA hai| rAjanaitika kSetra meM saMsadIya prajAtantra (pArliyAmenTarI zAnti kI sthApanA tathA usake lie vikSobha ke janaka rAga-dveSa aura DemokresI) vastutaH rAjanaitika syAdvAda hai| isa paramparA meM bahumata asmitA (ahaMkAra) kA niraakrnn| lekina rAga-dveSa aura asmitA ke dala dvArA gaThita sarakAra alpamata dala ko apane vicAra prastuta nirAkaraNa ke upAya kyA hoM? yahIM vicAra-bheda prArambha hotA hai, lekina karane kA adhikAra mAnya karatI hai aura yathA sambhava usase lAbha yaha vicAra-bheda virodha kA AdhAra nahIM bana sktaa| eka hI sAdhya kI bhI uThAtI hai| dArzanika kSetra meM jahA~ bhArata syAdvAda kA sarjaka hai, ora unmukha hone se ve paraspara virodhI nahIM kahe jA skte| eka hI vahIM vaha rAjanaitika kSetra meM saMsadIya prajAtantra kA samarthaka bhI hai| kendra se yojita hone vAlI paridhi se khiMcI huI vibhinna rekhAoM meM ataH Aja syAdvAda siddhAnta ko vyAvahArika kSetra meM upayoga karane pArasparika virodha pratIta avazya hotA hai kintu vaha yathArtha meM hotA nahIM kA dAyitva bhAratIya rAjanItijJoM para hai| isI prakAra hameM yaha bhI hai| kyoMki kendra se saMyukta pratyeka rekhA meM eka dUsare ko kATane kI samajhanA hai ki rAjya-vyavasthA kA mUla lakSya janakalyANa hai| ataH kSamatA nahIM hotI hai kintu jaise hI vaha kendra kA parityAga karatI hai vaha jana kalyANa ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue vibhinna rAjanaitika vicAradhArAoM dUsarI rekhAoM ko avazya hI kATatI hai| sAdhya ekatA meM hI sAdhanA ke madhya eka sAMga saMtulana sthApita karanA hai| AvazyakatA saiddhAMtika rUpa dharmoM kI anekatA sthita hai| yadi dharmoM kA sAdhya eka hai to unameM vivAdoM kI nahIM apitu janahita se saMrakSaNa evaM mAnava kI pAzavika virodha kaisA? anekAnta, dharmoM kI sAdhyaparaka mUlabhUta ekatA aura vRttiyoM ke niyantraNa kI hai| sAdhanA paraka anekatA ko iMgita karatA hai|
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________________ syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI : eka cintana 165 vizva ke vibhinna dharmAcAryoM ne apane yuga kI tAtkAlika karane kA prayAsa ho sakatA hai| lekina inake lie prAthamika AvazyakatA paristhitiyoM se prabhAvita hokara apane siddhAntoM evaM sAdhanoM ke bAhya hai dhArmika sahiSNutA aura sarva dharma samabhAva kii| niyamoM kA pratipAdana kiyaa| dezakAlagata paristhitiyoM aura sAdhaka kI anekAMta ke samarthaka jainAcAryoM ne isI dhArmika sahiSNutA kA sAdhanA kI kSamatA kI vibhinnatA ke kAraNa dharma sAdhanA ke bAhya rUpoM paricaya diyA hai| AcArya haribhadra kI dhArmika sahiSNutA to sarva vidita meM vibhinnatAoM kA A jAnA svAbhAvika hI thA aura aisA huA bhii| hI hai| apane grantha zAstravArtAsamuccaya meM unhoMne buddha ke anAtmavAda, kintu manuSya ko apane dharmAcArya ke prati mamatA (rAgAtmakatA) aura nyAya darzana ke Izvara kartRtvavAda aura vedAnta ke sarvAtmavAda (brahmavAda) usake apane mana meM vyApta Agraha aura ahaMkAra ne apane-apane dharma yA meM bhI saMgati dikhAne kA prayAsa kiyaa| apane grantha lokatattva saMgraha meM sAdhanA paddhati ko hI eka mAtra evaM antima satya mAnane ko bAdhya AcArya haribhadra likhate haiN:kiyaa| phalasvarUpa vibhinna dharmika sampradAyoM aura unake bIca sAmpradAyika pakSapAto na me vIre na dveSaH kpilaadissu| vaimanasya kA prArambha huaa| munizrI nemIcandrajI ne dharma sampradAyoM ke yuktimadvacanaM yasya, tasya kAryaH prigrhH|| udbhava kI eka sajIva vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai, ve likhate haiM ki 'manuSya mujhe na to mahAvIra ke prati pakSapAta hai aura na kapilAdi svabhAva bar3A vicitra hai usake ahaM ko jarA sI coTa lagate hI vaha munigaNoM ke prati dveSa hai| jo bhI vacana tarkasaMgata ho use grahaNa karanA apanA akhAr3A alaga banAne ko taiyAra ho sakatA hai| yadyapi vaiyaktika caahie| ahaM dharma-sampradAyoM ke nirmANa kA eka kAraNa avazya hai lekina vahI isI prakAra AcArya hemacandra ne ziva-pratimA ko praNAma karate eka mAtra kAraNa nahIM hai| bauddhika bhinnatA aura dezakAlagata tathya bhI samaya sarva deva samabhAva kA paricaya dete huA kahA thA:isake kAraNa rahe haiM aura isake atirikta pUrva pracalita paramparAoM meM bhavavIjAMkurajananA, rAgAdyA kSayamupAgatA yasya / AyI huI vikRtiyoM ke saMzodhana ke lie bhI sampradAya bne| unake brahmA vA viSNurvA haro, jino vA namastasmai / / anusAra sampradAya banane ke nimna kAraNa ho sakate haiM: saMsAra paribhramaNa ke kAraNa rAgAdi jisake kSaya ho cuke haiM (1) IrSyA ke kAraNa (2) kisI vyakti kI prasiddhi kI use, maiM praNAma karatA hU~ cAhe ve brahmA hoM, viSNu hoM, ziva hoM yA lipsA ke kAraNa (3) kisI vaicArika matabheda (matAgraha) ke kAraNa (4) jina hoN| kisI AcAra saMbaMdhI niyamopaniyama meM bheda ke kAraNa (5) kisI vyakti yA pUrva sampradAya dvArA apamAna yA khIMcatAna hone ke kAraNa (6) kisI (da) pArivArika jIvana meM syAdvAda dRSTi kA upayoga : vizeSa satya ko prApta karane kI dRSTi se (7) kisI sAmpradAyika kauTumbika kSetra meM isa paddhati kA upayoga paraspara kuTumboM meM paramparA yA kriyA meM dravya, kSetra evaM kAla ke anusAra saMzodhana yA aura kuTumba ke sadasyoM meM saMgharSa ko TAlakara zAntipUrNa vAtAvaraNa kA parivartana karane kI dRSTi se| uparyukta kAraNoM meM aMtima do ko chor3akara nirmANa kregaa| sAmAnyatayA pArivArika jIvana meM saMgharSa ke do kendra zeSa sabhI kAraNoM se utpanna sampadrAya Agraha, dhArmika asahiSNutA aura hote haiM- pitA-putra tathA saas-bhuu| ina donoM vivAdoM meM mUla kAraNa sAmpradAyika vidveSa ko janma dete haiN| donoM kA dRSTibheda hai| pitA jisa pariveza meM bar3A huA, unhIM saMskAroM vizva itihAsa kA adhyetA ise bhalIbhAMti jAnatA hai ki ke AdhAra para putra kA jIvana DhAlanA cAhatA hai| jisa mAnyatA ko svayaM dhArmika asahiSNutA ne vizva meM jaghanya duSkRtya kraaye| Azcarya to yaha mAnakara baiThA hai, unhIM mAnyatAoM ko dUsare se manavAnA cAhatA hai| pitA hai ki isa damana, atyAcAra, nRzaMsatA aura rakta plAvana ko dharma kA kI dRSTi anubhava pradhAna hotI hai, jabaki putra kI dRSTi trkprdhaan| eka bAnA pahanAyA gyaa| zAnti pradAtA dharma hI azAMti kA kAraNa bnaa| prAcIna saMskAroM se grasita hotA hai to dUsarA unheM samApta kara denA Aja ke vaijJAnika yuga meM dhArmika anAsthA kA mukhya kAraNa uparyukta bhI cAhatA hai| hai| yadyapi vibhinna matoM, paMthoM aura vAdoM meM bAhya bhinnatA parilakSita yahI sthiti sAsa-bahU meM hotI hai| sAsa yaha apekSA karatI hai hotI hai kintu yadi hamArI dRSTi vyApaka aura anAgrahI ho to usameM bhI ki bahU aisA jIvana jiye jaisA usane svayaM bahU ke rUpa meM kiyA thA, ekatA aura samanvaya ke sUtra parilakSita ho sakate haiN| jaba ki bahU apane yuga ke anurUpa aura apane mAtR pakSa ke saMskAroM se anekAMta vicAra-dRSTi vibhinna dharma sampradAyoM kI samApti prabhAvita jIvana jInA cAhatI hai| mAtra itanA hI nahIM, usakI apekSA yaha dvArA ekatA kA prayAsa nahIM karatI hai kyoMki vaiyaktika ruci bheda evaM bhI hotI hai ki vaha utanA hI svatantra jIvana jiye, jaisA vaha apane kSamatA bheda tathA deza kAla gata bhinnatAoM ke hote hue vibhinna dharma evaM mAtA-pitA ke pAsa jItI thii| isake viparIta svasura pakSa usase eka vicAra- sampradAyoM kI upasthiti aparihArya hai| eka dharma yA eka anuzAsita jIvana kI apekSA karatA hai| yahI saba vivAda ke kAraNa sampradAya kA nArA asaMgata evaM avyAvahArika nahIM apitu azAMti aura banate haiN| isameM jaba taka sahiSNu dRSTi aura dUsare kI sthiti ko samajhane saMgharSa kA kAraNa bhI hai| anekAMta vibhinna dharma sampradAyoM kI samApti kA kA prayAsa nahIM kiyA jAtA, taba taka saMgharSa samApta nahIM ho sktaa| prayAsa na hokara unheM eka vyApaka pUrNatA meM susaMgata rUpa se saMyojita vastuta: isake mUla meM jo dRSTibheda hai, use anekAnta paddhati se samyak
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________________ jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 166 prakAra jAnA jA sakatA hai| kisI dhAraNA para sthita ho, usake dvArA vaha saMsAra meM vivAda utpanna vAstavikatA yaha hai ki hama jaba dUsare ke sambandha meM koI karatA hai, jo sabhI dhAraNAoM ko tyAga detA hai, vaha manuSya saMsAra meM vicAra kareM, koI nirNaya leM to hameM svayaM apane ko usa sthiti meM khar3A kalaha nahIM krtaa|29 kara socanA caahie| dUsare kI bhUmikA meM svayaM ko khar3A karake hI use maiM vivAda ke phala batAtA huuN| eka, yaha apUrNa yA ekAMgI samyak prakAra se jAnA jA sakatA hai| pitA-putra se jisa bAta kI hotA hai; dUsare, vaha vigraha yA azAnti kA kAraNa hotA hai| nirvANa ko apekSA karatA hai, usake pahale apane ko putra kI bhUmikA meM khar3A kara nirvivAda bhUmi samajhane vAle yaha bhI dekhakara vivAda na kreN| sAdhAraNa vicAra kara le| adhikArI karmacArI se kisa DhaMga se kAma lenA cAhatA manuSyoM kI jo kucha dRSTiyA~ haiM, paNDita ina saba meM nahIM pdd'taa| dRSTi hai, usake pahale svayaM ko usa sthiti meM khar3A kare, phira nirNaya le| aura zruti ko grahaNa na karane vAlA, Asaktirahita vaha kyA grahaNa kreN| yahI eka aisI dRSTi hai, jisake abhAva meM loka vyavahAra asambhava hai (loga) apane dharma ko paripUrNa batAte haiM aura dUsare ke dharma ko hIna aura jisa AdhAra para anekAntavAda jagadguru hone kA dAvA karatA hai| batAte haiN| isa prakAra bhinna mata vAle hI vivAda karate haiM aura apanI kahA hai dhAraNA ko satya batAte haiN| yadi koI dUsare kI avajJA (nindA) karake jeNa viNA vi logassa vavahAro savvahA na nivvddii| hIna ho jAya to dharmoM meM zreSTha nahIM hotaa| jo kisI vAda meM Asakta hai, tassa bhuvaNekkaguruNo Namo aNegaMtavAyassa / / vaha zuddhi ko prApta nahIM hotA, kyoMki vaha kisI dRSTi ko mAnatA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki anekAMta evaM syAdvAda ke vivekI brAhmaNa tRSNA-dRSTi meM nahIM pdd'taa| vaha tRSNA-dRSTi kA anusaraNa siddhAnta dArzanika dhArmika, sAmAjika, rAjanaitika evaM pArivArika nahIM krtaa| muni isa saMsAra meM granthiyoM ko chor3akara vAdiyoM meM jIvana ke virodhoM ke samanvaya kI eka aisI vidhAyaka dRSTi prastuta karate pakSapAtI nahIM hotaa| azAntoM meM zAnta vaha jise anya loga grahaNa haiM jisase mAnava jAti ko saMgharSoM ke nirAkaraNa meM sahAyatA mila sakatI karate haiM usakI apekSA karatA hai| bAda meM anAsakta dRSTiyoM se pUrNa rUpa hai| saMkSepa meM anekAnta vicAra-paddhati ke vyAvahArika kSetra meM tIna pramukha se mukta vaha dhIra saMsAra meM lipta nahIM hotaa| jo kucha dRSTi, zruti yA yogadAna haiM vicAra hai, una saba para vaha vijayI hai| pUrNa rUpa se mukta, mAra-tyakta vaha (1) vivAda parAGmukhatA yA vaicArika saMgharSa kA niraakrnn| saMskAra, uparati tathA tRSNA rahita hai|30 (2) vaicArika sahiSNutA yA vaicArika anAgraha (vipakSa meM itanA hI nahIM, buddha sadAcaraNa aura AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke nihita satya kA drshn)| kSetra meM isa prakAra ke vAda-vivAda yA vAgvilAsa yA Agraha-vRtti ko (3) vaicArika samanvaya aura eka udAra evaM vyApaka dRSTi kA anupayukta samajhate haiN| unakI dRSTi meM yaha pakSAgraha yA vAda-vivAda nirmaann| nirvANa-mArga ke pathika kA kArya nahIM hai| yaha to mallavidyA hai rAjabhojana se puSTa pahalavAna ke pAsa bhejanA cAhie, kyoMki mukta puruSoM bauddha AcAra-darzana meM vaicArika anAgraha : ke pAsa vivAdarUpI yuddha ke lie koI kAraNa hI zeSa nahIM rhaa| jo bauddha AcAradarzana meM madhyama mArga kI dhAraNA anekAntavAda kisI dRSTi ko grahaNa kara vivAda karate haiM aura apane mata ko satya kI vicArasaraNI kA hI eka rUpa hai| isI madhyama mArga ke vaicArika kSetra batAte haiM unase kahanA cAhie ki vivAda utpanna hone para tumhAre sAtha meM anAgraha kI dhAraNA kA vikAsa huA hai| bauddha vicArakoM ne bhI satya bahasa karane ko yahA~ koI nahIM hai|31 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki buddha ko aneka pahaluoM se yukta dekhA aura yaha mAnA ki satya ko aneka * ne bhI mahAvIra ke samAna hI dRSTi rAga ko anupayukta mAnA hai aura pahaluoM ke sAtha dekhanA hI vidvattA hai| theragAthA meM kahA gayA hai ki jo batAyA ki satya kA sampUrNa prakaTana vahIM hotA hai, jahA~ sArI dRSTiyA~ satya kA eka hI pahalU dekhatA hai, vaha mUrkha hai|27 paNDita to satya ko zUnya ho jAtI haiM yaha bhI eka vicitra saMyoga hai ki mahAvIra ke sau (aneka) pahaluoM se dekhatA hai| vaicArika Agraha aura vivAda kA antevAsI indrabhUti ke samAna hI buddha ke antevAsI Ananda ko bhI janma ekAMgI dRSTikoNa se hotA hai, ekAMgadarzI hI Apasa meM jhagar3ate buddha ke jIvana kAla meM arhat pada prApta nahIM ho skaa| sambhavata: yahA~ haiM aura vivAda meM ulajhate haiN|28 bhI yahI mAnanA hogA ki zAstA ke prati Ananda kA jo dRSTirAga thA, bauddha vicAradhArA ke anusAra Agraha, pakSa yA ekAMgIdRSTi- vahI usake arhat hone meM bAdhA thaa| isa sambandha meM donoM dharmoM ke rAga meM rata hotA hai| vaha jagat meM kalaha aura vivAda kA sRjana karatA niSkarSa samAna pratIta hote hai| hai aura svayaM bhI Asakti ke kAraNa bandhana meM par3A rahatA hai| isake viparIta jo manuSya dRSTi, pakSa yA Agraha se Upara uTha jAtA hai, vaha na gItA meM anAgraha: to vivAda meM par3atA hai aura na bandhana meN| buddha ke nimna zabda bar3e vaidika paramparA meM bhI anAgraha kA samucita mahattva aura sthAna marmasparzI haiM, jo apanI dRSTi se dRr3hAgrahI ho dUsare ko mUrkha aura hai| gItA ke anusAra Agraha kI vRtti AsurI vRtti hai| zrIkRSNa kahate haiM azuddha batAnevAlA hotA hai vaha svayaM kalaha kA AhvAna karatA hai| ki AsurI svabhAva ke loga dambha, mAna aura mada se yukta hokara kisI kSetra ma kI vRtti AsurI vRtti hai| zrIkRSNa kahate hai
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________________ syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI : eka cintana 167 prakAra bhI pUrNa na hone vAlI kAmanAoM kA Azraya le ajJAna se mithyA Aja pratyeka rASTra kA evaM vizva kA vAtAvaraNa tanAvapUrNa evaM vikSubdha hai| siddhAntoM ko grahaNa karake bhraSTa AcaraNoM se yukta ho saMsAra meM pravRtti eka ora pratyeka rASTra kI rAjanaitika pArTiyA~ yA dhArmika sampradAya karate rahate haiN|32 itanA hI nahIM, Agraha kA pratyaya tapa, jJAna aura usake Antarika vAtAvaraNa ko vikSubdha evaM janatA ke pArasparika dhAraNA sabhI ko vikRta kara detA hai| gItA meM Agrahayukta tapa ko aura sambandhoM ko tanAvapUrNa banAye huye haiM to dUsarI ora rASTra svayaM bhI apane Agrahayukta dhAraNA ko tAmasa kahA hai|33 AcArya zaMkara to jaina paramparA ko kisI eka niSThA se sambandhita kara guTa banA rahe haiM aura isa prakAra ke samAna vaicArika Agraha ko mukti meM bAdhaka mAnate haiN| vivekacUr3AmaNi vizva ke vAtAvaraNa ko tanAvapUrNa evaM vikSubdha banA rahe haiN| mAtra itanA meM ve kahate haiM ki vidvAnoM kI vANI kI kuzalatA, zabdoM kI dhArAvAhitA, hI nahIM yaha vaicArika asahiSNutA, sAmAjika evaM pArivArika jIvana zAstra-vyAkhyAna kI paTutA aura vidvattA yaha saba rAga kA hI kAraNa ho ko viSAkta banA rahI hai| purAnI aura naI pIr3hI ke vaicArika virodha ke sakate haiM, mokSa kA nhiiN|34 zabdajAla citta ko bhaTakAne vAlA eka kAraNa Aja samAja aura pArivAra kA vAtAvaraNa bhI azAnta aura mahAn vana hai| vaha cittabhrAnti kA hI kAraNa hai|35 AcArya vibhinna mata- kalahapUrNa ho rahA hai| vaicArika Agraha aura matAndhatA ke isa yuga meM eka matAntaroM se yukta zAstrAdhyayana ko bhI nirarthaka mAnate haiN| ve kahate haiM ki aise dRSTikoNa kI AvazyakatA hai jo logoM ko Agraha aura matAndhatA yadi paramatattva kA anubhava nahIM kiyA to zAstrAdhyayana niSphala hai aura se Upara uThane ke lie dizA-nirdeza de ske| bhagavAna buddha aura yadi paramattva kA jJAna ho gayA to zAstrAdhyayana anAvazyaka hai|36 isa bhagavAn mahAvIra do aise mahApuruSa hue haiM jinhoMne isa vaicArika asahiSNutA prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki AcArya zaMkara kI dRSTi meM vaicArika Agraha yA kI vidhvaMsakArI zakti ko samajhA thA aura usase bacane kA nirdeza diyA dArzanika mAnyatAe~ AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kI dRSTi se adhika mUlya nahIM thaa| vartamAna meM bhI dhArmika, rAjanaitika aura sAmAjika jIvana meM jo rkhtii| vaidika nIti-vettA zukrAcArya Agraha ko anucita aura mUrkhatA vaicArika saMgharSa aura tanAva upasthita haiM unakA samyak samAdhAna inhIM kA kAraNa mAnate hue kahate haiM ki atyanta Agraha nahIM karanA cAhie mahApuruSoM kI vicArasaraNI dvArA khojA jA sakatA hai| Aja hameM vicAra kyoMki ati saba jagaha nAza kA kAraNa hai| atyanta dAna se daridratA, karanA hogA ki buddha aura mahAvIra kI anAgraha dRSTi dvArA kisa prakAra atyanta lobha se tiraskAra aura atyanta Agraha se manuSya kI mUrkhatA dhArmika, rAjanaitika aura sAmAjika sahiSNutA ko vikasita kiyA jA parilakSita hotI hai|37 vartamAna yuga meM mahAtmA gA~dhI ne bhI vaicArika sakatA hai| Agraha ko anaitika mAnA aura sarvadharma samabhAva ke rUpa meM vaicArika anAgraha para jora diyaa| vastutaH Agraha satya kA honA cAhie, vicAroM saMdarbha:kA nhiiN| satya kA Agraha tabhI to ho sakatA hai jaba hama apane vaicArika 1. vAkyeSvanekAMtadyotI gamyaM prati vishessnnm| AgrahoM se Upara utthe| mahAtmAjI ne satya ke Agraha ko to svIkAra syAnnipAto'rthayogitvAttava kevlinaampi|| kiyA, lekina vaicArika AgrahoM ko kabhI svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| unakA -AptamImAMsA, kArikA 103 sarvadharma samabhAva kA siddhAnta isakA jvalanta pramANa hai| isa prakAra hama 2. sarvathAtvaniSedhakonaikAMtatA dyotakaH kathaMcidarthe syAcchabdo nipaatH| -paMcAstikAya, gAthA 14 kI amRtacandrakRta TIkA 6. kyoMki vaicArika saMgharSoM se samAja ko bacAne kA eka mAtra mArga anAgraha -syAdvAdamaMjarI kIdRzaM vastu? nAnA dharmayuktaM vividhasvabhAvaiH sahitaM, kathaMcit astitvanAstitvaikatvAnekatvanityatvAnityatva-bhinnatva pramukherAviSTam vaicArika sahiSNutA kA AdhAra-anAgraha (anekAnta dRSTi) : -svAmI kArtikeyAnuprekSA-TIkA zubhacandra; 253 jisa prakAra bhagavAn mahAvIra aura bhagavAn buddha ke kAla meM 5. utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat-tattvArthasUtra 5-29 vaicArika saMgharSa upasthita the aura pratyeka matavAdI apane ko samyakadRSTi goyamA! jIvA siya sAsayA siya asAsayA-davvaTThayAe aura dUsare ko mithyAdRSTi kaha rahA thA, usI prakAra vartamAna yuga meM bhI sAsayA bhAvaTThayAe asAsayA-bhagavatI sUtra 7-3-273 / vaicArika saMgharSa apanI carama sImA para hai| siddhAntoM ke nAma para manuSya- bhgvtiisuutr-1.8-10|| manuSya ke bIca bheda kI dIvAreM khIMcI jA rahI haiN| kahIM dharma ke nAma para 8. dhavalA khaNDa 1, bhAga 1, sUtra 11, pR0 11, pR0 167eka dUsare ke viruddha viSavamana kiyA jA rahA hai| dhArmika yA rAjanaitika uddhRta tIrthaMkara mahAvIra- DaoN0 bhArilla sAmpradAyikatA janatA ke mAnasa ko unmAdI banA rahI hai| pratyeka 9. yadeva tat tadeva atat yadevaikaM tadevAnekaM, yadeva sat tadevAsata, dharmavAda yA rAjanaitika vAda apanI satyatA kA dAvA kara rahA hai aura yadeva nityaM tadevAnitya-samayasAra TIkA (amRtacandra) pariziSTa dUsare ko bhrAnta batA rahA hai| isa dhArmika evaM rAjanaitika unmAda evaM 10. AdIpamAvyomasamasvabhAvaM syAdvAdamudrA natibhedi vastu asahiSNutA ke kAraNa mAnava-mAnava ke rakta kA pyAsA banA huA hai| -anyayogavyavacchedikA 5 /
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________________ jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 168 11. na vivecayituM zakyaM vinA'pekSAM hi mishritm|-abhidhaanraajendr apayassa payaM ntthi| AcArAMga 1-5-171 koza, khaNDa 4, pR0 1853 22. paNNavaNijjA bhAvA aNaMtabhAMgo du annbhilppaanN| 87. "We can only know the relative truth, the real truth paNNavaNijjANaM puNa aNaMtabhAgo sudnibddho|| gommaTasAra, jIva is known only to the universal Observer." kANDa 334 / Quoted in Cosmology Old and New, P.XIII. 23. suttanipAta 51-21. 13. syAtkAra: stylaanychnH| 24. suttanipAta 51-3. 14. tata: syAdvAda anekaaNtvaad-syaadvaadmNjrii| 25. suttanipAtta 46-8-9. 15. bhikkhU vibhajjavAyaM ca viyaagrejjaa-suutrkRtaaNg-1/1/4/22| 26. sayaM sayaM pasaMsaMtA garahantA paraM vyN| 16. majjhimanikAya-sUtra 99 (uddhRta, Agamayuga kA jaina darzana, pR0 je u tattha viussayanti saMsArete viussiyA- sUtrakRtAMga 1 53) / 2-23 // 17. bhagavatIsUtra 12-2-443 / 27. theragAthA, 1/106 18. dekhie-zUnyavAda aura syAdvAda nAmaka lekha-paM0 dalasukhabhAI 28. udAna, 6/4 maalvnniyaa| 29. suttanipAta, 40/16-17 -AcArya Ananda RSijI abhinandana grantha, pR0 265 / 30. suttanipAta, 51/2, 3, 10, 11, 16-20. 19. (a) saptabhiH prakArairvacanavinyAsaH sptbhNgiitigiiyte| 31. vahI, 46/8-9. -syAdvAdamaMjarI kArikA 23 kI ttiikaa| 32. gItA, 16-10. (ba) praznavazAdekasmin vastuni avirodhena vidhipratiSedhavikalpanA 33. vahI, 17.19, 18/35. sptbhNgii| -rAjavArtika 1-6-5 / 34. vivekacUr3AmaNi, 60 20. dekheM-jaina darzana-DaoN0 mohanalAla mehatA, pR0 300-307 / 35. vahI, 62 savve sarA niyaTRti, takkA jattha na vijjai 36. vahI, 61 maI tattha na gahiyA......uvamA na vijjai 37. zukranIti, 3/211-213. pramANa-lakSaNa-nirUpaNa meM pramANamImAMsA kA avadAna jaina nyAya kA vikAsa : samanvayAtmaka siddhAnta bana ske| paM0 sukhalAlajI ke anusAra jaina nyAya evaM pramANa-carcA ke kSetra meM sAmAnya rUpa se jaina jJAna-mImAMsA ne mukhyata: tIna yugoM meM apane kramika vikAsa ko pUrNa dArzanikoM kA aura vizeSa rUpa se AcArya hemacandra ke grantha pramANamImAMsA kiyA hai -- 1. Agama yuga, 2. a kA kyA avadAna hai, yaha jAnane ke liye jaina nyAya ke vikAsakrama ko nyAya pramANa sthApana yug| yahA~ hama ina yugoM kI viziSTatAoM kI carcA jAnanA Avazyaka hai| yadyapi jainoM kA paMcajJAna kA siddhAnta paryApta na karate hue kevala itanA kahanA cAheMge ki jainoM ne apane anekAnta prAcIna hai aura jaina vidyA ke kucha vidvAna use pArzva ke yuga taka le siddhAnta ko sthira karake phira pramANa vicAra ke kSetra meM kadama rkhaa| jAte haiM, kintu jahA~ taka pramANa-vicAra kA kSetra hai, usameM jainoM kA unake isa paravartI praveza kA eka lAbha to yaha huA ki pakSa aura praveza naiyAyikoM, mImAMsakoM aura bauddhoM ke pazcAt hI huA hai| pramANa- pratipakSa kA adhyayana kara ve una donoM kI kamiyoM aura tArkika carcA ke prasaMga meM jainoM kA praveza cAhe paravartI ho, kintu isa kAraNa ve asaMgatiyoM ko samajha sake tathA dUsare pUrva-vikasita unakI anekAnta isa kSetra meM jo viziSTa avadAna de sake hai, vaha hamAre liye gaurava kI dRSTi kA lAbha yaha huA ki ve una donoM ke madhya samanvaya sthApita kara vastu hai| ske| unhoMne pakSa aura pratipakSa ke bIca samanvaya sthApita karane kA jo isa kSetra meM paravartI hone kA lAbha yaha huA ki jainoM ne pakSa prayAsa kiyA, usI meM unakA siddhAnta sthira ho gayA aura yahI unakA aura pratipakSa ke siddhAntoM ke guNa-doSoM kA samyak mUlyAMkana karake isa kSetra meM viziSTa avadAna khlaayaa| isa kSetra meM unakI bhUmikA sadaiva phira apane mantavya ko isa rUpa meM prastuta kiyA ki vaha pakSa aura eka taTastha nyAyAdhIza kI rhii| unhoMne apane pUrvavartI siddhAntoM kI pratipakSa kI tArkika kamiyoM kA parimArjana karate hue eka vyApaka aura samIkSA ke mAdhyama se sadaiva apane ko samRddha kiyA aura jahA~ Avazyaka