Pathik 2004 Vol 44 Ank 01 02 03

Author(s): Bhartiben Shelat, Subhash Bramhabhatt
Publisher: Mansingji Barad Smarak Trust
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/535517/1

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pathika (itihAsa-purAtattvanuM saimAsika) taMtrI DaoN. bhAratIbahena zelata * pro. subhASa brahmabhaTTa vikrama saMvata 2060 aMka : 1-2-3 okTo.- nave.-Dise. 2003 ka / / ja upaY TET | TET' harapana mudrA pathika kAryAlaya : C/o. bho.je.vidyAbhavana, eca.ke.kaoNleja kempasa, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-380009 For Private and Personal Use Only

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temano nirNaya jAhera karyo, be vijetA jAhera thayA temAM jozI kaMIpakumAra ane gIrA Thakkara ne sva. kIrtidA cInubhAI nAyaka pAritoSika (rU.500) ane pramANapatro ApavAmAM AvyAM. bapore 4-00 kalAke cA-kophI bAda gujarAta itihAsa parISada 15mAM jJAnasatranI bIjI beThakano prAraMbha thayo. A beThakamAM ''okhAmaMDaLano itihAsa saMskRti ane purAtattva' viSaya para saMzodhakoe temanA zodhapatro raju karyA, jemAM (1) DaoN, dharmezabhAI paMDyA -okhAmaMDaLanuM vahALavaTuM, (2) Do. raghuvIrasiMha jhAlA - rAThoDavaMzanI utpati ane dvArakAnA vAgheronI paraMparA, (3) DaoN. hitendrasiMha saravAsiyA - dvArakA ane saMgharSa rajU karyA. pachI sAMje 6-00 kalAke te ja gRhamAM kArobArInI miTIMga maLI. rAtre 7-30 kalAke dvArakAmAM svAminArAyaNa maMdiramAM darzana ane bhojananuM Ayojana thayuM. bAda mAhitI khAtAnI kacerImAM pradarzana rAkhavAmAM Avela. temAM kacerI taraphathI dvArakAnagarInI mAhitI ApatI pustikA bheTamAM ApavAmAM AvI. rAtre bhojana-pradarzana bAda 9-00 kalAke kanyA chAtrAlayanA sabhAgRhamAM sata nirvANa phAunDezana AnaMda AzramanA DaoN. niraMjana rAjagurae saMtavANInI rasalahANa karAvI, DaoN. e saMtavANInA rasiyAone rasa taraboLa karI dIdhA hatA. tA. 1 navembara 2003 ne zanivAre savAranA cA-nAsto karyA bAda 8-30 klAke Do. thomasabhAI paramAranI adhyakSatAmAM jJAnasatranI trIjI beThakano prAraMbha thayo, jemAM bIjI beThakamAM je viSaya hato te mujaba temAM (1) bhAvigIrI gausvAmI - 1857nA [0x49Hi ha su (2) A. S. Gaur & Sundaresh - Marine Archaeological Investigations in Okhamandal Region to Saurashtra West Coast of India (3) goviMdabhAI makavANA - prAcIna dvArikAnagarI. jagatamaMdira ane zAradApIThano tIrthakSetra samanvaya (4) urmibena bhAvasAra - okhAmaMDaLanA vAgherono phALo (5) pradyumana khAcara - ''vasIAvADA eka aitihAsika" bAda beThaka samApta thaI. bapore 12-00 kalAke bhojana bAda baporanA 1-00 thI 4-00 kalAka eDavAnsa sinemAgRhamAM baMne peDhInI pAraMparika philma 'bAgavAna" mANI, jenuM Ayojana yajamAna saMsthA taraphathI hatuM. bapore 4-30 kalAke hA-kophI bAda DaoN, thomasabhAI paramAranI adhyakSatAmAM gujarAta itihAsa 15 muM jJAnasatranI cothI beThakano prAraMbha thayo. temAM (1) DaoN. praphullAbena brahmabhaTTa - 'prAcIna dvArikA nagarI ane bandarI mathako (2) anasUyAbena soraThiyA - okhAmaMDaLanA bhopA rabArIo uparAMta keTalAka vidvAnoe dvArakA-okhAmaMDaLa aMge potAnA vicAro rajU karyA. A samagra beThakonA pratibhAvo prinsipAla zrI bI. ena. jozI, DaoN. niraMjana rAjaguru, DaoN. vikezabhAI paMDyA, pradyumana khAcare ApyA hatAM. sAMje 6-00 kalAke kanyA chAtrAlayanA gRhamAM sAmAnya sabhAnI beThaka yojAI. jemAM tA. 26-12-203nI sabhAnI kAryanoMdha maMjara thaI. varSa 2002-2003nA DiTa karelA hisAbo tathA pariSadano ahevAla koSAdhyAkSa zrImatI DaoN. nayanAbena adhvaryue raju karyo. jene sabhAe bahAlI ApI, bAda pradyumana khAcara, DaoN. praphullAbena brahmabhaTTa, DaoN. niraMjana rAjagura vageree sUcana karyuM ke saMzodhakone gujarAta rAjaya daphatara bhaMDAronI ophiso tathA gujarAtanI lAibrerIomAM dastAvejo, pustako prApti mATe je muzkelIo paDe che te na paDe te mATeno TharAva karIne je te vibhAgane mokalavo. pachI pramukhazrI DaoN. thomasabhAI paramAre gujarAta itihAsa pariSadanuM eka mukhapatra hovuM joIe. paraMtu te mATe pariSadanI Arthika saddharatA vadhAravA sabhAne sUcana karyuM. bAdamAM sAmAnya sabhAmAM nirNaya karavAmAM Avyo ke gujarAta itihAsa pariSadanA traNe TrasTInI jagyAe pAMca TrasTI hovA joIe. jemAM zrI DaoN, thomasabhAI paramArane cothA TrasTI tarIke niyukta karatAM sabhAmAM AnaMdanuM mojuM chavAI gayuM. tA. ra navembara 203 ne ravivAranA roja savAre 7-00 kalAke yajamAna saMsthA taraphathI pravAsanuM Ayojana karavAmAM AveluM te mujaba jJAnasatramAM Avela vidvAnone be lakajharI basamAM besADIne yAtrAdhAma dvArakAthI lagabhaga 8 ki.mI. nAgezvara maMdira darzana karyA bAda 1-0kalAke beTa dvArakAmAM nAva dvArA darzana karyA bAda 11-30 kalAke tAtA kemikalsa mIThApuramAM bhojana tathA DAyarI bheTa ApI hatI, pachI 12-00 kalAke zrI rUkmaNIjInuM maMdiranA darzana tathA prAcIna zilpa sthApatya nihALyuM hatuM. bAda 1-00 kalAke dvArakAmAM luhANA kumAra chAtrAlayamAM AvyAM. cA-kophI bAda bapore 2-00 kalAke sAMjanA bhojana mATenA pekeTa lIdhA bAda gujarAta rAjaya nigamanI basa dvArA harSidamAtAnA darzana ane sudAmApurI -porabaMdarathI jJAnasatranA sarve vidvAno chUTA paDyA hatAM. A jJAnasatra daramyAna sthAnika citrakAra zavajI chAyAe dvArakAnA AlekhelA citronuM pradarzana vidvAnoe mANyuM hatuM. jJAnasatramAM yajamAna saMsthA taraphathI AvelA vidvAnone pravAsa tathA eDavAnsa sinemA, dvArakAdhIza maMdira, svAmInArAyaNa maMdira sudhI javA AvavA mATenI gADInI suvidhA rAkhela hatI. temaja rilAyansa inDasTrIjha taraphathI rekajhInanI suMdara bega, be pustikA (zAradApITha, pradIpa (vArSika zodhapatrikA) divya-dvArakAbhavya), pena, peDa dareka vidvAno ane mahemAnone ApyAM hatAM. jayAre jayAre dharmanI glAni thAya ane ardhamano prabhAva vadhe tyAre avatAra levAnuM vacana ApanAra rAjAzrI, kRSNanI dvArakAnI mulAkAta laI aneka maMdiro, itihAsa sthApatyakalA, bhagavAna zrIkRSNanuM vizrAma sthaLa beTa dvArakA), samudrakAMTho, gomatI taTanI AhalAdaka yAtrA tathA jJAnasatramAM carcA tathA saMzodhana patro kharekhara vidvAnone pAvanakArI ane AnaMdadAyaka banI raheze. A jJAnasatramAM 100 vidvAno hAjara rahyAM hatAM, divALI vekezana hovAthI saMkhyAnuM pramANa ochuM rahyuM chatAM A jJAnasatra dareka rIte saphaLa banyuM. dareka beThakamAM carcAnuM dhoraNa UMcuM rahyuM. For Private and Personal Use Only

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pathika AdyataMtrI sva. mAnasaMgajI bAraDa sUcanA TrasTImaMDaLa pathika dara trIjA, aMgrejI mahinAnI Do. ke. kA. zAstrI, DaoN. cinubhAI nAyaka, 15mI tArIkhe prasiddha thaze. DaoN. bhAratIbahena zelata, pro. subhASa brahmabhaTTa pachInA 15 divasamAM aMka na maLe to sthAnika posTa ophisamAM lekhita phariyAda karavI ane nakala amane mokalavI. vi. saM. 2060 varSa : 44 aMka: 1-2-3 okTo.-nave.-Dise. 2003 pathika sarvopayogI vicArabhAvanA jJAnanuM sAmayika che. jIvanane anukrama UrdhvagAmI banAvatAM abhyAsapUrNa ane ziSTa maulika lakhANone 1. sthaLa-kALanA piMjarAmAMthI svIkAravAmAM Ave che. prA. Ara. ela. rAvala prasiddha thaI gayelI kRtine pharI prasiddha karavA mATe na mokalavAnI lekhakoe kALajI rAkhavI. 2. mArI itihAsa aMgenI vibhAvanA : anubhavanI eraNethI 11 aMgrejI, gujarAtI athavA hindI prA. zirIna mahetA lekha sArA akSare zAhIthI ane kAgaLanI eka ja bAjue lakhelI 3. bhAratanA mahAna purAvida paMDita bhagavAnalAla indrajI 26 hovI joIe. lekhamAM koI anya bhASAnAM avataraNa mUkyAM hoya to DaoN. bhAratI zelata eno gujarAtI tarajUmo Apavo jarUrI che. 4. sara jadunAtha (dUnAthI sarakAra (1870-1958) 31 | pathikamAM prasiddha lakhonA vicArobI. ena. gAMdhI abhiprAyo sAthe taMtrI sahamata che ema na samajavuM. 5. gujarAta itihAsa pariSadanuM 15muM jJAnasatra dvArakA - asvIkRta kRti pAchI meLavavA eka ahevAla 39 | jarUrI TikiTo AvI haze to tarata DaoN. harSadabhAI brahmabhaTTa parata karAze. ma.o., DATa-patro mATe lakho. pathika kAryAlaya C/o. bho. je. vidyAbhavana. eca. ke. kaoNleja kempasa, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-9 pathikanuM vArSika lavAjama rU. 100/- che. AjIvana sabhyapada rU. 501/- che . pathika kAryAlaya vatI mudraka-prakAzaka : pro. subhASa brahmabhaTTa, C/o. bho.je. vidyAbhavana, eca.ke. kaoNlejanA kempasamAM, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-9 mudraNasthAna : kriznA grAphiksa, 966, nAraNapurA jUnA gAma, amadAvAda-380013 * phona : 7494393, mobA. 94263 0640 For Private and Personal Use Only

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sthaLa-kALanA piMjarAmAMthI prA. Ara. ela. rAvala* A lekha vizeSa pramANamAM AtmalakSI rahevAno, itihAsa viSayanA adhyayana-adhyApana sAthe itihAsanI vibhAvanA aMgenA mArA vicAromAM paNa parivartana AvatAM gayAM. maryAdita saMkhyAmAM je saMzodhana lekho lakhAyA temAMnA thoDAka lekho to mArA mahAnibaMdhanA viSayanA saMdarbhamAM jeno ghaNIvAra mahAnibaMdhamAM vistRta rIte samAveza karI zakAyo na hato, tene anulakSIne lakhAyA hatA. tethI eka prakAranuM punarAvartananuM tattva temAM dAkhala thayuM. mArI bIjI maryAdA e rahI ke moTA bhAganA lekho sAMskRtika, sAmAjika pAsAne kendramAM rAkhIne lakhAyA che. temAM vyavasAyI itihAsakAra mATe jarUrI evI nakkara aitihAsika paristhiti ane tene lagatA dastAvejono upayoga thayo nathI. AMkaDAkIya mAhitI sAthe tenuM mahattva darzAvatA Arthika pAsAne paNa AvarI levAmAM AvyuM nathI. vaLI je sarvasAmAnya vidhAno karavAmAM AvyAM che temanI Thosa aitihAsika mAhitIthI puSTi karavAmAM AvI nathI. uparAMta, aitihAsika tathyonuM vizleSaNa karavA karatAM, temAM AdarzavAdI raMgadarzitAnuM tattva vadhAre raheluM che. AvI temaja bIjI paNa keTalIka maryAdAo mArA saMzodhana abhigamamAM rahI che evuM lAge che. itihAsane AnuSaMgika evA viSayanA vAcana sAthe itihAsanA adhyApaka tarIke je viSayo zIkhavyA te aMgenI praNAligata saMzodhana pradUti pratye vizeSa rasa jAgyo nahIM. mane pasaMda evA thoDAka ciMtako ke itihAsakAronA lakhANonA saMparkamAM Avyo te pahelAM paNa itihAsane samajavAno mAro hetu aspaSTa paNa vicAra vikAsane lagatI khojano ja hato, eTale ke mahattvanI ghaTanAo ke banAvone tapAsI tenuM sthaLa vizleSaNa karavA mATe jarUrI dastAvejo meLavavAnI vRtti mArAmAM nathI. tema chatAM AvA je kaMI thoDAka prayAso thayA te mAtra mArI vyavasAyI kArakirdIne anulakSIne ja karyA hatA. to pachI meM itihAsa viSayano upayoga mAtra zaikSaNika kArakirdI mATe ja karyo ? teno javAba hA' ane 'nA' ema baMnemAM hoI zake. agAu nirdeza karavAmAM Avyo e rIteM mArA mATe itihAsa jIvananI khojapRcchAvRttino eka mahattvano bhAga banyo hovAthI temAM raMgadarzI tattva tema ja AtmalakSI abhigama rahyo che, itihAsa viSayane samajavA mATe je jJAnamImAMsA (Epistemology) ane tene AdhAre vikaselI saMzodhana paddhatino upayoga thAya che tenAthI mane pUrato saMtoSa nathI. teno artha e nathI ke atyAranI itihAsa saMzodhana paddhati niSphaLa gaI che. vAstavamAM te jarUrI che. dA.ta. bhautika paribaLo sAthenA mAnava jIvananA saMbaMdho ane tene pariNAme vastI, dharatIkaMpa, dukALo, vagerene aitihAsika saMdarbhamAM samajavA temaja purAtattva vidyAnA jJAnane mATe A paddhati khUba upayogI che. kAlpanika ke daMtakathAone AdhAre aitihAsika hakIkato tarIke rajU karavAmAM AvatI vividha mAnyatAo ane te dvArA thatuM samAjanuM zoSaNa aTakAvavA mATe paNa A paddhati Avazyaka che. 19mI sadIthI vikaselI A paddhatimAM thoDAMka parivartana paNa AvyAM che. bIjI vidyAzAkhAonA saMdarbhIya upayoga dvArA itihAsa saMzodhana paddhatine vadhAre vyApaka banAvavAmAM AvI che. paraMtu gAMdhIjI, je kRSNamUrti, naheru, mArTina byubara, ArnolDa ToyabI, okheMgA gaseTa, Ara jI. koliMgavUDa, bruDela, harbarTa mAphusa, johAna gAlluMga, mAIkala phUko ane * nivRtta prAdhyApaka, itihAsa vibhAga, gujarAta yunivarsiTI, amadAvAda, pathika * saimAsika - okTo.-nave.-Dise., ra003 0 1 For Private and Personal Use Only

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AziSa nAndI jevAnAM pustako, lekho ke temanA para lakhAyelA lekhonA thoDA ghaNA prabhAvane lIdhe mane vyavasAyI itihAsakAranA abhigama mATe vizeSa AkarSaNa rahyuM nathI. (3) mArI daSTie itihAsano abhyAsa e sthaLa-kALanA saMdarbhamAM mAnava samAjanA jIvanamAM AvatAM parivartanonA svarUpanI pRcchAno abhyAsa che. mAnava jIvana eka akhaMDa hovA chatAM abhyAsanI dRSTie te traNa prakAranA saMbaMdhonI AMtaraprakriyA dvArA pragaTa thatuM jovA maLe che. A saMbaMdhomAM manuSyano sva-potAnI sAtheno saMbaMdha, samAja sAtheno saMbaMdha ane prakRti sAthenA saMbaMdhano samAveza karI zakAya. vyApaka rIte joIe to manuSyanA sva sAthenA saMbaMdhamAM tenuM jJAta-ajJAta evuM AMtarika jagata cetanAnA vividha stare AkAra letuM hoya che, tenI bAhya abhivyakti ghaNIvAra sAhitya, vividha kaLAo, tattvadarzana, dharma ke jIvana-mUlyo dvArA thatI hoya che. sva sAthenA saMbaMdhone AdhAre ja tenI jJAna ane samayanI vibhAvanA vikasatI hoya che, manuSyanA samAja sAthenA saMbaMdhomAM potAnI bahAra sAmAjika vizva sAthenA saMbaMdhone gaNAvI zakAya. jemAM kuTuMbathI laIne vaizvika stara sudhI tenI anekavidha pravRttio-rAjakIya, sAmAjika, dhArmika, sAMskRtika vagere saMsthAonA svarUpamAM AkAra letI hoya che. jyAre prakRti sAthenA saMbaMdhamAM potAnI AsapAsathI laIne vizvanI kakSA sudhI vyApelI prakRtinAM cetana-acetana evAM vividha svarUpo sAthenA pratyakSa athavA parokSa saMbaMdhono samAveza karI zakAya. pAyAnI vAta e che ke dekhItI rIte alaga evA A traNe prakAranA saMbaMdhonI AMtaraprakriyAne AdhAre ja manuSya jIvananI akhilAInuM svarUpa-tenA jIvananuM sattva - pragaTa thAya che, TUMkamAM manuSyanA svanI AMtarika temaja bAhya saMracanAnI sabhAnatA jJAna ke dRSTinuM sarvAMgI svarUpa A traNe prakAre rajU thatA saMbaMdhamAM chatuM thAya che. manuSyanA bAhya svanA sAmUhika svarUpane ApaNe alaga alaga samAja ke saMskRtinA ekama tarIke oLakhIe chIe. sthaLa-kALanA saMdarbhamAM AvA samAja ke saMskRtionuM svarUpa badalAtuM rahe che. ghaNIvAra naSTa paNa thatuM hoya che. ArnolDa ToyanbIe paDakAra ane pratibhAvanA dhaMdhane AdhAre judA judA sAmUhika svanA ghaTako ke saMskRtiono abhyAsa karyo. temanI dRSTie jeTalA pramANamAM e saMskRtinAM (traNe prakAranA saMbaMdhonA saMdarbhamAM) pedA thatA bAhya ke AMtareka paDakArone jhIlavAnI ke temane AtmasAt karavAnI kSamatA hoya teTalA pramANamAM te saMskRti TakI zake che. vaLI ToyanbIe e saMskRtine ja sakSama gaNI che ke je te pAyAnI AMtarika saMracanAmAM ja pedA thatI paDakArone jovAnI, samajavAnI ane yogya pratibhAva ApavAnI zakti (critical capacilty to face itself) hoya. eTale ke svane satata paDakAratI saMskRti kATakhAtI nathI. itihAsanA sarvAMgI abhyAsa mATenA paryApta ghaTaka tarIke saMskRtinA abhyAsa para ToyanbIe bhAra mUkyo hato. kAraNa ke maryAdAthI sthaLa-kALanA saMdarbhamAM khUba nAnA ke vibhAjita ghaTakono abhyAsa itihAsanI sAcI samaja Apato nathI. tema chatAM saMzodhana ke abhyAsakramathI sagavaDatA khAtara e rIte abhyAsa karavAmAM Ave tyAre paNa samagratAne anulakSIne ja e abhyAsa thavo jarUrI che. gAMdhIjInA jIvana-kAryathI prabhAvita thayelA ane vizvazAMti tathA paryAvaraNa zuddhi AMdolana sAthe gADha rIte saMkaLAyelA johAna gAlTaMga jevA karmaTha vaidvAne Adhunika pAzcAtya saMskRtine samajavA mATe ToyanbInA paDakAra-pratibhAvanA dvaMdrane lagatA abhigamane AgaLa vistArIne itihAsanA abhyAsanuM navuM parimANa rajU karyuM che. johAna gAlTaMge saMskRtinA mULamAM abhipreta evA sAmAjika vizvadarzana (social cosmology)no khyAla vikasAvyo che. temanA A sAmAjika vizvadarzananA khyAlano meM vakhato vakhata mArA lekhomAM ullekha karyo che. pathika traimAsika okTo.-nave.-Dise., 2003 0 2 For Private and Personal Use Only

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parivartananI prakriyAne samajavA mATe A khyAla khUba upayogI lAgyo che. bhAvanagara yunivarsiTInA itihAsa vibhAga dvArA prakAzita thanAra mArA lekha, "gAMdhIjInuM itihAsa darzana"mAMthI sAmAjika vizvadarzananA keTalAka aMza ahIM rajU karyA che. prophesara johAna gAduMganA A khyAla mujaba sAmAnya rIte koi paNa saMskRti ke samAja tenA lAMbA gALAnA saMdarbhamAM potAnuM vizvadarzana potAnI jIvanadRSTi vikasAvato hoya che. A sAmAjika vizvadarzana tenA AMtarika temaja bAhya samAja sAthenA temaja prakRti sAthenA saMbaMdhonI pAyAnI AMtarika saMracanA (structure) che, dekhItA Atmavirodho vacce paNa A saMracanA, te saMskRti-samAjanuM svatva, tenA jJAti ke ajJAta evA sAmAjika ke vyaktigata jIvananA saMbaMdhonA vyAkaraNarUpe chatuM thatuM hoya che. zakya che ke samaya jatAM aneka paribaLone pariNAme ( TIbInA abhyAsa mujaba jo temAM UbhA thatA paDakArone yogya pratibhAva ApavAnI zakti kSINa thAya to) te saMskRtinuM svatva bhUMsAI paNa jAya che, ane te bIjI saMskRtinA sAmAjika vizvadarzanano bhAga banI jAya che. johAna gAduMga mujaba A sAmAjika vizvadarzananA mukhya pAsAMmAM (1) saMskRtino sAmAjika avakAza (Social space) ne lagato khyAla, (2) samayanI vibhAvanA, (3) jJAnanuM svarUpa, (4) manuSyamanuSya vaccenA saMbaMdho, (5) manuSya ane prakRti vaccenA saMbaMdhonuM svarUpa, ane (6) manuSyanA Adhibhautika saMbaMdhonA khyAlano samAveza thAya che. vAstavamAM A pAsAM te saMskRtinA sAmAjika vizvadarzananI pAyAnI AMtarika saMracanA hovAthI teno aMgAMgibhAva vyakta kare che. Adhunika jagatanA itihAsanA UMDA pravAhone tapAsavA mATe Adhunika pazcimanA sAmAjika vizvadarzananAM A pAsAM samajavAM jarUrI che, jeno meM TUMkamAM ahIM nirdeza karyo che. (1) sAmAjika avakAza : Adhunika pazcimanA sAmAjika vizvadarzananA sauthI mahattvanA pAsA tarIke tenI sAmAjika avakAzanI vibhAvanA che. Adhunika yugamAM pazcimanI saMskRtine potAne ja kendra tarIke gaNIne vizvanA bIjA samAjo sAthenA saMbaMdho bAMdhyA che ane te ja rIte te cAlu rAkhavA mAge che. bhaugolika saMdarbhamAM joie to Aje A saMskRtimAM lagabhaga yuropa-amerikA temaja osTreliyA-nyUjhIlenDano samAveza karI zakAya. chellI be sadIo daramyAna potAne kendrastha mAnatI A saMrakRtie kendra - parigha AdhArita saMbaMdhonA abhigama sAthe potAnuM Adhipatya potAnA sAMskRtika vartuLa bahAranA samAjo para sthApIne potAnA sAMskRtika-rAjakIya parighane vistAryo che. potAnA sAMskRtika parighanI rekhA para rahelA samAjone 'vikasatA" athavA "ardhavikasita ane tenI bahAranA samAjone 'pachAta' samAja tarIke oLakhAvyA che. chellI be sadIthI potAnI jIvana dRSTine ja vaizvika jIvana daSTi mAnIne parighano vistAra vadhAravA pazcime dharma, samAja, zikSaNa, arthakAraNa, rAjakAraNa, yaMtravijJAna vagere kSetre potAnAM mUlyonuM Adhipatya sthApavAno prayAsa jArI rAkhyo che, ane A mUlyone AdhAre samUha jIvananI saMsthAo sthApIne potAnA AdhipatyavAdI-vistAravAdI valaNane "svAbhAvika gaNAvyuM che. (2) samaya : pazcimanA sAmAjika vizvadarzanamAM samayano khyAla rekhIya che. zakya che ke tenA para semiTika dharmonA samaya aMgenA khyAlanI UMDI asara hoya tethI svAbhAvika rIte tenI itihAsanI vibhAvanA paNa rekhIya samayanA saMdarbhamAM ghaDAI che. jo ke itihAsa ciMtaka heMglara rekhIya samayanA saMdarbhamAM itihAsane tapAsatA nathI). paraMtu dhIre dhIre rekhIya samayano khyAla eka vizeSa mUlya tarIke upasyo. 18mI sadInA aMtathI "pragati' vizeno khyAla temAM umerAyo. vaLI temAM "zuddhikaraNanI prakiyAne pragati'nA khyAla sAthe joDavAmAM AvI. sAmAjika praNAlio, saMsthAo, mUlyo vagerene "sArA" ane "kharAba" gaNavAne badale "sArA" athavA "kharAba tarIke jovAmAM AvyAM. rekhIya samayanA saMdarbhamAM "sArA"ne "kharAba"thI alaga tAravavAnI prakiyAne "pragati gaNavAmAM AvI. A prakriyA vyakti, sAmAjika-sAMskRtika-rAjakIya saMsthAo ane prakRtine paNa lAgu paDatI pathika * saimAsika - okTo.-nave.-Dise., 2003 0 3 For Private and Personal Use Only

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hatI. uparAMta, rekhIya samayanA khyAle "pragati' sAthe sAthe vaiyaktika siddhi ane dhyeyalakSI abhigama (achievement goal oriented approach) heThaLa AdhipatyalakSI mUlyone uttejana ApyuM. temAM paNa chellA traNeka dAyakAthI mAhitI jJAnane lagatAM navA yaMtra vijJAnanAM upakaraNonA vikAsa sAthe prAkRtika samayanuM sthAna lagabhaga mAnasika samaye lIdhuM che. thoDIka ja kSaNomAM badhuM prApta karavAnI mAnasikatAe tanAvanuM-spardhAnuM mUlya sajaryuM. e rIte bhautika samayanuM rUpAntara mAnasika samayamAM thavA lAgyuM. (3) jJAna : Adhunika pazcimanA sAmAjika vizvadarzanamAM jJAna prApti mATe pRthakkaraNIya paddhatine pAyAnI paddhati gaNavAmAM AvI che. ekamo tathA elano (variables) para AdhArita A jJAnanI prakiyA dvidhAtmaka (binary) che. zuddhane azuddhathI alaga pADIne ati sUkSma stare vibhAjita evA aNu-paramANuno saMbaMdha rekhIya prakArano che. (jo ke kvAnTama phijhiksa teno svIkAra karatuM nathI), temAM kArya-kAraNabhAvanI asarane prAdhAnya ApavAmAM AvyuM che. dakArtanA samayathI vijJAnanA prabhAva heThaLa jJAna prAptinA A abhigamamAM jJAtA ane zeya (subject and object) ne alaga gaNavAmAM AvyA che. manuSya prAkRtika vizvathI alaga che. evI dhAraNA heThaLa chellI traNa sadIthI jJAnanuM svarUpa manuSya kendrI (anthropocentric rahyuM che. vaLI, prApta jJAnane paNa te samayanA bauddhika saMdarbhanA mALakhA (paradigm) mujaba kendrIya, paridhIya ane aprastuta evuM bahAranuMnA kramamAM jovAmAM Ave che. ahIM kendrastha evI sAmAjika avakAzanI vibhAvanAnA vistRta sAMskRtika starathI laIne cheka vyakti sudhI, kendra tarIke potAne jotA jJAtA ane bIjA'- zeyanA kaMThanA svarUpamAM, pazcimanA sAmAjika vizvadarzane AkAra lIdho che. tethI jJAnane pratyakSa yA parokSa rIte bIjA samAja para temaja prAkRtika vizva para Adhipatya sthApavAnA sAdhana tarIke paNa jovAmAM Ave che. pazcimanI jJAnamImAMsA /epistemology) nuM svarUpa e rIte tyAMnA sAmAjika vizvadarzananuM mahattvanuM aMga che ane Adhunika itihAsa saMzodhana paddhatino pAyo paNa A jJAnamImAMsA para racAyo che. (4) manuSya-manuSya vaccenA saMbaMdho : pazcimanA sAmAjika vizvadarzana mujaba manuSyanA vyApaka khyAlanuM sthAna have vyaktinA khyAle lIdhuM che, tethI manuSya manuSya vaccenA saMbaMdhonuM svarUpa vyakti kendrI banyuM che. eTale ke manuSyanuM rUpAntara vyaktimAM thatAM pasaMdagInI svataMtratA dharAvatI vyakti tarIke have te samAjanA pAyAno ekama banyo che. lokazAhI, vyakti svAtaMtrya, samAnatA vagere khyAla vyaktinA siddhilakSI mUlyonA saMvardhana mATe Avazyaka gaNavAmAM AvyA che. te mATe spardhA-saMgharSane svAbhAvika gaNIne tene saMsthAkIya svarUpa ApavAmAM AvyuM che. sAmAjika jIvananA moTA bhAganA kSetre samAna taka heThaLa spardhAne ja kendramAM rAkhIne vijetA-parAsta, hoziyAra-ThoTha, saphaLa-niSphaLa vagerenA spaSTabheda darzAvavAmAM AvyA che. phreMca itihAsakAra mAIkala phUkonA maMtavya mujaba manuSyanI vyakti tarIkenI navI chabI 19mI sadInI zarUAtathI spaSTa rIte upasI che. to bIjI bAju manuSyanA svataMtra vyakti tarIkenA khyAlane mUchita banAvatAM paribaLomAM samUhavAda para AdhArita ugra rASTravAde A spardhAne vadhAre vikRta svarUpa ApyuM. ahIM paNa kendrastha evI sAmAjika avakAzanI vibhAvanA, agAu ullekha thayo tema, cheka vizALa sAMskRtika starathI laIne jJAnanA svarUpa ane manuSyanA vyakti tarIkenA khyAla sudhI ane sAthe samUhavAda para AdhArita evA rASTravAda ane 20mI sadImAM sAmyavAdanA khyAla sudhI spaSTa rIte vartAya che. Ama, jeTalA pramANamAM kendranI vibhAvanA prabaLa teTalA pramANamAM spardhA temaja gharSaNa anivArya banatuM jAya che. kAraNa ke temAM AdhipatyavAdI abhigama abhipreta che. (5) manuSya-prakRti vaccenA saMbaMdho : pazcimanA sAmAjika vizvadarzanamAM manuSyane prakRtithI upara gaNavAmAM Avyo hovAthI te potAnI pragati-vikAsa mATe prakRti para Adhipatya sthApIne teno upayoga-upabhoga karI zake che. agAu ullekha karavAmAM Avyo tema manuSya kendrIjJAna (anthropocentric knowledge) ne ja pathika saimAsika - okTo.-nave.-Dise., 2003 0 4 For Private and Personal Use Only

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www.ky Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir dharma, samAja ane vijJAnane kSetre vadhAre mahattva ApavAmAM AvyuM che. audyogika krAMti pachI prakRtino bephAma upayoga karIne pazcimanA arthataMtranA khyAle paryAvaraNIya asamatulA sarjI che. pariNAme harbarTa mArkasa kahe che tema necessity ane wants ke need ane greed vacceno bheda ja nAbUda thayo che. (6) manuSyanA Adhibhautika saMbaMdha : pazcimanA sAmAjika vizvadarzanamAM thoDAka apavAdone bAda karatAM manuSyanA Adhibhautika saMbaMdhonI vibhAvanAne sthAna nathI. kAraNa ke A sAmAjika vizvadarzana avakAza, samaya, jJAna ane vyakti tarIke manuSyanI kendranI vibhAvanA para racAyeluM che. mAnasika samaya sAthe kendrane atikramavAno khyAla tenI jJAnamImAMsAmAM nathI. jo tema thAya to pazcimanA sAmAjika vizvadarzananuM svarUpa ja badalAI jAya. ApaNe joI gayA ke manuSyanA traNa prakAranA pAyAnA saMbaMdhonA vistRta ekama tarIke jo samAja ke saMskRtino abhyAsa karavAmAM Ave to temAM AvatAM parivartanonI prakriyAnuM svarUpa ane tenI bIjA samAjo paranI pArasparika asarano khyAla temanA sAmAjika vizvadarzana dvArA vadhAre spaSTa thAya che. audyogika krAMti pahelAM moTAbhAganA mAnava samAjomAM AvatAM parivartananI gati ekaMdare dhImI hatI. vaicArika kSetre AvatAM parivartano paNa temanI dhImI gatine lIdhe samAjane khAsa AMcako ApatAM na hatAM. jANe ke Akho samAja eka ja prakAranA aitihAsika samayamAM jIvato hoya tevuM lAgatuM hatuM. paraMtu audyogika krAMtinI gatine phrAnsanI krAMtie vega Apyo. pariNAme yuropIya samAjanA traNa prakAra (sva sAthenA, samAja sAthenA ane prakRti sAthenA) nA saMbaMdhonA svarUpanI saMracanA (structure) tUTavA lAgI. 19mI sadImAM parivartananI gati vadhAre jhaDapI banI-tethI navI paristhitimAM mAnava saMbaMdhone vadhAre vyavasthita rIte (vaijJAnika abhigamathI) samajavA mATe jJAna ane samayanI vibhAvanA paNa badalAvA lAgI. 18mI sadI sudhInI itihAsa saMzodhana prakRti ane lekhana-prakRtinuM svarUpa paNa have badalAvA lAgyuM. 19mI sadI daramyAna bIjA samAjo para pazcimanuM Adhipatya sthapAvA lAgyuM, tenI sAthenI itihAsanI vibhAvanA tathA saMzodhana paddhati para pazcimanA rAmAjika vizvadarzananA samaya ane jJAnane AvarI letAM pAsAMno prabhAva spaSTa rIte vartAvA lAgyo. kAraNa ke vijJAna ane yaMtravijJAnanA prabhAva heThaLa jhaDapathI parivartana pAmatA pazcimanA samAjane temaja "bahAra'nA samAjone samajavA mATe temaja navA UbhA thatA praznone hala karavA mATe itihAsa uparAMta bIjI ghaNI mAnavavidyAo ane vizeSa karIne samAja vidyAono vikAsa thavA lAgyo hato. jema jema vijJAnanA saMzodhana kSetre vizeSIkaraNanuM mahatva vadhavA lAgyuM tema tema samAja vidyAomAM paNa vizeSIkaraNano prabhAva vadhato gayo. pariNAme manuSyanA traNa prakAranA saMbaMdhone vaijJAnika abhigamathI tapAsavAmAM AvyA. tethI manuSyanI akhilAInuM svarUpa naSTa thayuM. itihAsa saMzodhana paddhatimAM paNa tATasthe jALavavA mATe vastulakSI abhigamane prAdhAnya maLyuM. gaseTa ornegAe baMgamAM kahyuM che tema itihAsanA abhyAsamAM manuSyane jayAM sudhI 'vastu (dehumanised) na banAvavAmAM Ave tyAM sudhI tenA badhA vyavahArono abhyAsa na thaI zake. A vastulakSI tarkabuddhi (empirical rationality) ne gaseTa ornegA bhautika-gaNitIya tarkabuddhi (physico-mathematical reason) tarIke oLakhAve che. A saMzodhana paddhatimAM manuSyanI jIvanazaktimAMthI niSpanna thatI buddhi (vital reason) nI noMdha levAtI nathI. Ama to audyogika krAMti pachI audyogika saMbaMdhomAM ane tyAra pachI moTAbhAganI mAnavasarjita saMsthAonA saMcAlanamAM mAMga-puravaThAnA niyama mujaba manuSyanA zrama ane buddhinI kiMmata nakkI karavAmAM AvI. kArlamArse prathamavAra manuSyanA thatA zoSaNa dvArA tenA vastukaraNa (thingification)no nirdeza karyo hato. Ama 19mI sadI daramyAna vyakti tarIke upaselI manuSyanI chabImAM spardhA AdhArita saMbaMdhomAM upayogitAne dhoraNe 'pote' ane "bIjA aMgeno spaSTa thayelo khyAla audyogika samAjanuM viziSTa lakSaNa banI gayuM. A prakAranI manuSyane samajavAnI vastulakSI-anubhavAti (empirical) jJAnamImAMsA (episte pathika * saimAsika - okTo.-nave.-Dise., 293 * pa For Private and Personal Use Only

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www.ko Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir mology) aMge mAikala phUko tenA "The Birth of Clinic" nAmanA pustakamAM ullekha kare che tema, DaoNkTarane potAnA jJAna phalakane vistAravA mATe jIvaMta dardI karatAM tenA mRta dehamAM vadhAre rasa hoya che. vaijJAnikone paNa AInsTAina jevI vilANa pratibhA dharAvanAra vyaktionA mRtyu pachI temanI khoparI tapAsavAmAM rasa hoya che, kAraNa ke mRtadeha tenA kabajAmAM tenI satata najara (gaze) heThaLa saMpUrNa rIte hovAthI te teno saghana rIte pRthakkaraNAtmaka abhyAsa karI zake, A jJAnamImAMsA heThaLa jIvanane dareka kSetre bIjAM jUtho ke samAjone potAnA viziSTa jJAna dvArA najara' (gaze) heThaLa rAkhIne temanA para dhULa ke sUkSma Adhipatya sthApavAnI vRtti kAma karatI jovA maLe che. e rIte manuSyanuM pradeza, jAti, varNa, raMga, dharma ke aneka prakAranA vyavasAyane dhoraNe aneka peTA vibhAgomAM vargIkaraNa karavAmAM Ave che ane pRthakkaraNIya paddhatithI tene samajavAno prayAsa karavAmAM Ave che. ApaNI atyAranI itihAsa saMzodhana paddhati heThaLa paNa vividha samAjo, ghaTako ke banAvo-ghaTanAonA kendramAM rahelA manuSyane samajavA mATe ItihAsakAra tenI sAthe potAno sIdho-jIvaMta saMbaMdha joDato nathI, eTale ke te bhUtakALane potAno-vartamAnano bhAga banAvato nathI. i.eca.kAra mujaba itihAsa e bhUtakALa ane vartamAna vacceno saMvAda che. paraMtu vAstavamAM te tethI paNa viroSa che. te e arthamAM ke itihAsakAramAM bhUtakALanA mAnavasamAja aMgenI saMvedanazIlatA hovI joIe. peloponeziyana yuddhane lIdhe je AghAta grIka itihAsakAra yusIDAiDIsane lAgyuM teno pratyakSa anubhava ToyalmIe yuropIya sattAo vacce thayelA prathama vizva yuddha vakhate karyo. kALakrama mujaba banAvo bhale judA judA samaye banatA hoya paraMtu temanI samupasthitino anubhava, koze kahe che tema, koI paNa saMvedanazIla itihAsakAra potAnAmAM karato hoya che. e arthamAM gaseTa ornegA itihAsane vartamAnanA vijJAna tarIke dharAve che. paraMtu te mATe pAzcAtya vizvadarzana heThaLa vikaselI jJAna- mImAMsA paryApta nathI. pazcimanA sAmAjika vizvadarzananA saMdarbhamAM Adhunika bhAratanA itihAsanA mukhya pravAho para daSTipAta karIe to jaNAze ke briTiza sattAnI sthApanAnI sAthe sAthe tadana judA ja prakAranI zAsana paddhatinI paNa zarUAta thaI. A zAsana paddhatinAM vividha pAsAM (lazkarI, vahIvaTI, kAnUnI, zaikSaNika, sAmAjika, Arthika vagere)no prabhAva samagra bhAratIya samAja-saMskRti para paDavA lAgyo. tene pariNAme AvelAM parivartanonAM bAhya svarUpanI carcA tathA pRthakkaraNanI jarUra hovA chatAM te paryApta nathI, eTale ke samagra samAjalakSI (societal) saMbaMdhonI upalI sapATI para dekhAtAM parivartana para nIcenI sapATIe kAma karatA pazcimanA sAmAjika vizvadarzananA pravAhonI keTalI gherI asara thaI che te tarapha ApaNuM vizeSa dhyAna gayuM nathI. phrenca itihAsakAra breDela kahe che tema itihAsanI upalI sapATIe banatA banAvo ke ghaTanAo mAtra samudranI upalI sapATI paranAM mojAM nA phINa samAna che, jayAre sapATI nIce kAma karatA bharatInA pravAho tarapha bahu ochAnuM dhyAna jAya che. Adhunika bhAratanA saMdarbhamAM A nIcenA pravAho ane temanA prabhAvano khyAla be alaga samAja saMskRtinA sAmAjika vizvadarzana vacce thatI AMtaraprakriyAnA svarUpane samajavAthI Ave che. e rIte joIe to bhAratamAM briTiza saMsthAnavAda evA prakAranA AdhipatyanI saMracanA hatI ke jene lIdhe ahIMnA sAmAnya manuSyanA sva sAthenA samAja ane tenI saMsthAo sAthenA, ane prakRti sAthenA saMbaMdhomAM mULabhUta parivartana AvavA lAgyuM. vaLI e bhUlavuM na joIe ke A parivartananuM mukhya vAhaka rAjaya pote ja banyuM. briTiza zAsana pahelAM praNAligata samAjamAM rAjayanI bhUmikA mAtra sAmAjika saMsthAonA bAhya saMbaMdho jALavI rAkhIne temanI surakSAnA bAhya kvaca tarIkenI hatI. have rAjyanuM mahattva navA saMdezA-vAhanavyavahAranAM sAdhano sAthe jIvananA dareka kSetre vadhavA lAgyuM. A AdhipatyavAdI parivartanane ghaNIvAra spaSTa rIte joI zakAtA paNa na hatA kAraNa ke tenI prathama asara pathika - tramAsika - okTo.-nave.-Dise., 2003 0 6 For Private and Personal Use Only

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traNe prakAranA saMbaMdhonI saMracanA (structure) para thavA lAgI, eTale ke dharma, sAhitya, zikSaNa, arthakAraNa rAjakAraNa vagerenI AMtarika saMracanA badalAvA lAgI. ciMtana ane vicAra karavAnI paddhatimAM paNa khabara na paDe te prakAranuM parivartana AvavA lAgyuM. 19mI sadInA sAhityamAM parokSa rIte A AMtarika saMracanAmAM AvatAM parivartananI vyakta ke avyakta, evI AzA, nirAzA, vedanA ke mAnasika gUMgaLAmaNano paricaya thAya che. A prakAranI vyathA 19mI sadInA prakhara bauddhika baMkimacaMdra ceTarajInAM lakhANomAM jovA maLe che. DaoN. sudIpta kavirAja temanA pustaka, "The Unhappy Consciousness : Bankimchandra And the Formation of Nalionalist Discourse in India" mAM ullekha kare che tema baMkimacaMdre pazcimanA sAmAjika vizvadarzananA prabhAva heThaLa zAsakavarganI nakala karatA zikSita baMgALI bAbunuM vyaMga citra 'kRSNakAntera vila' tathA 'kamalakAttera daphatara'mAM rajU karIne potAnI UMDI vyathAne vyakta karI che. bhAratanI sAMskRtika asmitAnI khojanA bhAgarUpa navI rIte itihAsane jovAnA prayAsa paNa zarU thayA hatA. e saMdarbhamAM baMkimacaMdre bIjA bauddhikonI jema bhAratanA bhUtakALanuM navuM arthaghaTana karavAnI sAthe bhaviSyanA bhAratanI kalpanA 'AnaMdamaTha' jevI navalakathA dvArA karI ane anAyAse pazcimane anusarIne temaNe 'kRSNacaritra'mAM kRSNane saMskRtinA dhAraka tarIke rajU karyA. gujarAtanA saMdarbhamAM joIe to meM mArA lekhomAM kaMIka aMze pazcimanA sAmAjika vizvadarzananA prabhAvano ullekha karyo che, gujarAtamAM sudhArA AMdolanane anulakSIne pazcimanA sAmAjika vizvadarzananA prabhAvano khyAla navalarAma lakSmIrAma paMDyAnA abhyAsapUrNa lekha, 'sudhArAnuM itihAsarUpa vivecana' mAM prathamavAra rajU thAya che, jyAre navAM vyaktikendrI sudhArAnAM mUlyo sAmenA pratibhAvane rUpe maNilAla nabhubhAI dvivedIe vedAntamAM abhigama dvArA bhAratanA sAmAjika vizvadarzanano khyAla rajU karyo. paraMtu be sAmAjika vizvadarzana vaccenA saMgharSayukta saMkrAntikALano jAta anubhava ApaNane govardhanarAma tripAThInI navalakathA, 'sarasvatIcaMdra' dvArA vadhAre spaSTa thAya che. govardhanarAma bhAratanA sAmAjika darzanamAM bIjAM sAmAjika vizvadarzanone yogya rIte AtmasAta karavAnI zakti che teno khyAla paNa vyaktikendrI manuSyanuM rUpAntara ahahita vyakti ke manuSyamAM kevI rIte thAya che tenI prakriyA dvArA 'sarasvatIcaMdra'mAM rajU kare che. pathika traimAsika * (6) 19mI sadImAM rAjA rAmamohana royathI zarUAta karIe to pazcimanA sAmAjika vizvadarzananA paDakAra sAmeno pratibhAva bhAratanA sAmAjika vizvadarzanane lagatI navI sabhA thatA navajAgRtinuM svarUpa le che. bhAratanA sAmAjika vizvadarzananAM mukhya pAsAMone TUMkamAM tapAsIe to jaNAze ke vedakALa ke te pahelAM AkAra letI ahIMnI saMskRti taddana khullI saMskRti che, tenuM koI kendra nathI. ahIMnA sAmAjika vizvadarzananA mahattvanA pAsA tarIke sAmAjika avakAzamAM kendranI vibhAvanA ja nathI. jude jude samaye bahArathI AvIne sthira thatI prajAonAM jIvana mUlyo ane jIvana paddhatio ahIMnA sAmAjika avakAzano aMtargata bhAga banyAM che. tethI ja koIpaNa samAja - saMskRtimAMthI AvatAM sArAM tattvo ke vicArone AtmasAt karavAnI mULabhUta vRtti A kendrarahita vizva darzanamAM che. ane jyAre jyAre samAjamAM sthagitatA AvI che tyAre tenI saMracanAne paDakAravAnI aMtargata zakti paNa jude jude samaye upaniSada kALathI laIne buddha, mahAvIra ane tyAra pachInA saMto ane sUphIonA jIvanakArya dvArA jovA maLe che. ahIMnA sAmAjika vizvadarzanamAM samayano khyAla prAkRtika-cakrAkArI che. tethI tenA pAyAmAM spardhAne sthAna nathI. tenI jJAnanI vibhAvanA mAtra jJAtA ane jJeyanA phalaka para ja racAI nathI. tene paNa atikramIne jJAtArUpI kendra dvArA sarjita 'mAnasika samaya'nA cakramAMthI bahAra nIkaLavAnI temAM kSamatA che. manuSya-manuSya vaccenuM svarUpa ahamUkendrI vyakti-vyakti vaccenuM na rahetAM te ahahita manuSya-manuSyanuM bane che. temAM spardhAne badale sahakAra-premanI bhAvanA abhipreta che. tethI ja mahAbhAratakAre cetavaNI ApI che ke dveSa okTo.-nave.-Dise., 2003 0 7 For Private and Personal Use Only

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ane spardhA(pote ane bIjA)no atireka samAjanI samatulA jokhamAve che ane saMskRtino vinAza notare che, jayAre manuSya-prakRtinA saMbaMdhomAM, manuSya prakRtino ja bhAga hovAthI tenI prakRti prema manuSyanI kendravihInaadvaitanI bhAvanAne vyakata kare che. TUMkamAM, ahIM kendranI mRbhUta vibhAvanA ja na hovAthI samaya. jJAna tathA manuSya-manuSya ane manuSya-prakRti vaccenA saMbaMdhothI Adhibhautika saMbaMdhanuM svarUpa Upase che tene kendrastha jJAtA potAnI buddhithI alaga pADIne samajI na zake. A prakAranA sAmAjika vizvadarzanamAMthI niSpanna thatI jJAnamImAMsA (epistemology) pazcimanI jJAnamImAMsAthI tadana alaga che. 19mI sadInA aMtamAM ane ra0mI sadInI zarUAtamAM prathamavAra pazcimanA saMdarbhamAM navajAgRtirUpe bhAratanA sAmAjika vizvadarzanano khyAla rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa svAmI vivekAnaMda, TAgora ane gAMdhIjI jevAnA jIvana-kArya ane darzana dvArA spaSTa rIte rajU thAya che. rAmakRSNa paramahaMse ahamurahita cetavAnI avasthAmAM sthaLa-kALanA saMdarbhamAM vikaselA dharmonA bAhya svarUpamAMthI pAyAnuM tattva zodhI-samajI temane AtmasAt karyo. svAmI vivekAnaMda pUrva ane pazcimanI AdhyAtmika ane bhautika zaktine ekabIjAthI bhinna na gaNI. uparachallI rIte palAyanavAdI darzana tarIke oLakhAtA vedAnta darzanane temaNe mAnava-pratinA abhinna darzana tarIke rajU karIne mAnava sevA ane ekatA mATenuM kriyAzIla kSetra gayuM. TAgore prakRti prema, manuSya prema ane vizvapremanA triveNI saMgamane Izvara prema tarIke ghaTAvyo. jayAre gAMdhIjImAM A badhAM pAsAM temanA kArya dvArA pragaTa thayAM che. bhAratanA sAmAjika vizvadarzanane rajU karatA AvA mahAnubhAvoe manuSyanI binazaratI muktino Agraha sevyo ane te e vakhate ke jyAre pazcimanA sAmAjika vizvadarzane tenuM AdhipatyavAdI svarUpa khUba nirdayatAthI mAnavajAta para lAdavAno prayAsa karyo hato. bIjI bAju itihAsane samajavAnI pazcimanI jJAnamImAMsAmAM paNa manuSyanI svataMtratA mATenI AkAMkSA para khAsa bhAra mUkavAmAM Avyo che. prAcIna kALathI Aja sudhI manuSyanA traNe prakAranA saMbaMdhomAM teNe keTalA pramANamAM svataMtratAno anubhava karyo che ane kyA prakAranA aMkuzo (maryAdAo) tenI mULabhUta svataMtratA mATe bAdhaka banyA che tenuM rekhIya samaya ane sthaLanA saMdarbhamAM vizleSaNa karavAno prayAsa e moTAbhAganA itihAsakArono mukhya hetu che. Adhunika yugamAM renesAMnA samayathI pazcimanA samAjamAM manuSyane kendramAM rAkhIne tenI mukti-svataMtratA mATenA prayAsanI zarUAta spaSTa rIte jovA maLe che ane agAu ullekha thayo tema 19mI sadIthI vyakti svAtaMtrya lokazAhI baMdhAraNavAda, mukata arthataMtra vagere Adarzo heThaLa pazcimanA samAje vyApaka rIte pragatino khyAla vikasAvyo. paraMtu ke0 evI tenI sAmAjika vizvadarzananI bhAvanAe AtmavirodhI paristhiti sarjI. audyogika krAMtinI kUca sAthe rASTravAda, saMsthAnavAda ane sAmrAjyavAda jevA AdhipatyavAdI abhigama heThaLa bIjI saMskRtio-samAjono upayoga karavA mATenI spardhAne pariNAme A sAmAjika vizvadarzananA aMtargata bhAgarUpa evAM pazcimanAM rASTro vacce ja mahAyuddha (prathama vizvayuddha) thayuM. A yuddhane pariNAme eka bAju vyakti svAtaMtrya ane lokazAhInI ghoSaNA karavAmAM AvI to bIjI bAju, potAne ja vizvanuM kendra gaNanAra pazcimI samAja bIjA samAjo mATe e Adarza apanAvavA taiyAra na hato. A yuddha hamaNAM sudhI pazcimanA samAje keLavelA pragatinA khyAlane dhakko pahoMcADyo. yuddhottara paristhitie te samAjamAM eka prakArano mAnasika avakAza sajaryo. pariNAme samAjanA pAyAnA ekama tarIke gaNAvI manuSyanI navI chabI) evI vyaktinuM sthAna have ToLA (mass) e lIdhuM. caherA vagaranA manuSyanA A ToLAnI potAnI AgavI asmitA na hatI. vikRta rASTravAda para AdhArita pathika * saimAsika - okaTo.-nave.-Dise., 2003 - 8 For Private and Personal Use Only

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ane ToLAnA mAnasane anumodana ApatI phAsIvAda-nAjhIvAdI vicArasaraNIe yuropa para pakaDa jamAvI. to bIjI bAju vyakti svAtaMtrya karatAM vyakti samAnatAnA atireka heThaLanI rAjakIya-Arthika vicArasaraNIe paNa sAmyavAdane nAme ToLAzAhIne uttejana ApyuM. pracAranA A yugamAM manuSyanuM svatva nAbuda karIne tene ToLAmAM badalAvI nAkhanAra ane jIvananA kendrathI dura evI upalI sapATIne ja jIvananA kendra tarIke dharAva natAe A ToLAzAhI saMskRtinA tAraNahAra banyA. aMtimavAdI jIvanapaddhati dvArA A samuhavAdI vicArasaraNInI tya, saMgIta, kaLA vagere kSetre jovA maLe che. te samayanAM ebsarDa nATako ke citrakaLA manuSyanA khAlIpaNAno aMdAja Ape che. vijJAna ane yaMtravijJAnanA jhaDapI vikAsa sAthe mAnava saMbaMdho saMpUrNa rIte upayogitAne AdhAre racAyA. AdhipatyavAdI sAmAjika vizvadarzana heThaLa vadhAre spadhI, vadhAre utpAdana ane vadhAre siddhio rUpI 'amRta'. mAnava khoparInA pAtramAM ja pIvAtI mahattvAkAMkSAe bIjuM vizvayuddha sajaryu. barAbara A ja samaye eTale ke 20mI sadInA pUrvArdhamAM gAMdhIjIe bhAratanA sAmAjika vizvadarzana heThaLa navI mAnava saMskRti racavAnA AzayathI hiMda svarAja' jevI pustikA dvArA bhAvi mAnava saMbaMdhonI saMracanAno navo nakazo taiyAra karyo, ane tene anulakSIne bhAratanI svataMtratAnI laData calAvavA anurodha karyo. te samayanA mAnava samAjonA pariprekSyamAM be judAM judAM sAmAjika vizvadarzana vyavahAramAM kevI rIte kAma kare che teno abhyAsa haju sudhI koI itihAsakAre gaMbhIratAthI karyo hoya ema lAgatuM nathI. pazcimanI jJAnamImAMsAnA prabhAva heThaLa itihAsakAroe svataMtratAnA AMdolananI cULa ghaTanAonuM vizleSaNa karatA daratAvejI purAvAono vizeSa abhyAsa karyo che. paraMtu je samaye pazcimano samAja je prakAranuM sAMskRtika khAlIpaNuM anubhavato hato te samaye bhAratanA samAje rAjakIya svataMtratAne vyApaka arthamAM laIne kharI mAnasika svataMtratA prApta karavA gAMdhIjInA netRtva heThaLa navo puruSArtha karyo hato. jo ke rAjakIya svataMtratAnI prApti pachI chellA pacAsa varSanA gALA daramyAna bhArata dhIre dhIre pazcimanA sAmAjika vizvadarzananA vamaLamAM AvI gayuM dekhAya che. bIjA vizvayuddha pachI vijJAna ane yaMtra vijJAnanI prabaLa asara heThaLa navI saMhAraka zakti dharAvatA samAjamAM lokazAhI, mUDIvAda ane sAmyavAdane nAme samUhavATe navuM svarUpa dhAraNa karyuM. pazcimanA samAjanI pakaDamAMthI rAjakIya svataMtratA prApta karatA samAja para lokazAhI ane sAmyavAdane nAme navA prakAranuM Adhipatya sthApavAnI spardhA zarU thaI. chellA traNeka dAyakAo daramyAna pazcimanA samAje "bIjA' samAjo para potAnuM sAMskRtika, Arthika ane te dvArA rAjakIya Adhipatyane majabUta banAvyuM che. sAthe sAthe pazcimanA samAjamAM paNa upara challAM parivartana AvyAM. soviyeTa samUhavAdI vicArasaraNI niSphaLa gaI. mAhitI vijJAnanAM navAM upakaraNonA vikAsa sAthe mAnava saMbaMdhomAM mULabhUta parivartana AvatuM dekhAya che. mAikala phUkoe tenA "The Birth of Clinic" mAM DaoNkTaranI naja2 (gaze) dvArA rajU karelA AdhipatyakendrI ane vastulakSI jJAnanA abhigamane jANe saMpUrNa banAvavA atyAre bAyo-TekanolojI ane jIneTika - enjiniyariMganI zAkhAe DI.ena.e. ane jeno dvArA manuSya vizenA khyAlamAM parivartana ApyuM che. Aje "DIjiTala' jJAne vAsvitAne sthAne vAstaviktA jevI ja "dekhAtI vAstaviktA" (virtual reality) sarjI che. manuSyanI cetanAmAM cokkasa prakAranA kAryakramanuM AropaNa (programming in consciousness) karIne vaizvikaraNane nAme bajArakendrI mAnasikatAe atyAranA pazcimanA samAjanuM mukhya lakSaNa banyuM che. harbarTa mAksa kahe che tema pazcimanA samAjamAM manuSyanI AMtarika cetanA paranAM vastu kendrI mUlyo (commodity oriented values)nA prabhAvathI tenI vyakti svAtaMtryanI mULabhUta bhAvanA mAtra bAhA dRSTie ja TakAvI rAkhavAmAM AvI che. e arthamAM manuSyanuM 'roboTIkaraNa' thatuM jAya che. sthaLa vaccenuM bhautika temaja mAnasika aMtara paNa navA yaMtra vijJAnane lIdhe ghaTayuM che. eka ja prakAranAM jIvana mulyo eka ja prakAranI jIvana zailI e atiAdhuniktAnAM mukhya lakSaNa banatAM jAya pathika * saimAsika - okTo.-nave.-Dise., 2003 9 For Private and Personal Use Only

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che. paraMtu A AdhipatyavAdI pazcimanA sarvAMgI AkramaNa sAmenA tIvra pratyAghAtanA svarUpamAM aMtimavAdI-kaTTara dharmapaMthI AMdolana zarU thayuM che. A AMdolane rASTrIya sarahadonuM mahattva ghaTADI nAkhyuM che. Adhunika samayamAM rASTravAdI bhAvanAnuM kendra rAjya banyuM. dhIre dhIre rAjye saMskRtinuM mahattva ghaTADI nAkhyuM. saMskRtinuM arthaghaTana karavAno ijAro paNa rAjye potAnI pAse rAkhyo ane rAjakIya pravRtti sAthe joDAyelA rAjakAraNIo sAMskRtika mUlyonA 'rakSaka' banyA che. Ama saMskRtinI DhAla banAvIne saMskRtinA rakSaka tarIke have rAjyo vacce paNa navI spardhA zarU thaI che. pariNAme saMskRtimAM mAnavamUlyo naSTa thavAnI aNI para che. pazcimanI jJAnamImAMsAnA mALakhAmAM rahIne mAnava itihAsano abhyAsa karatAM jaNAze ke temAM gharSaNa, spardhA ane Adhipatya sthApavAnI manuSyanI vRttine bauddhika rIte aitihAsika parivartanonAM nAma heThaLa vadhAre mahattva ApavAmAM AvyuM che. traNe prakAranA manuSyanA pAyAnA saMbaMdhomAM manuSyanA AMtarika gaurava ane tenI kharI svataMtratAne poSaka evAM mUlyono hrAsa thato dekhAya che. kamanasIbe Adhunika yugamAM itihAsano upayoga dareka samAja ke samAjanAM jUtho potAnI oLakha (identity) ne TakAvavA ke vicArasaraNIne lAdavAnA sAdhana tarIke karatAM dekhAya che. pariNAme A samUhavAdI mAnasiktAmAM manuSya manuSya vaccenA saMbaMdhomAM prema ke snigdhatA ghaTatI jAya che. te A jJAnamImAMsAnA vikalpamAM bhAratanA sAmAjika vizvadarzane rajU karelI jJAnamImAMsAnA abhigamathI itihAsano abhyAsa karI zakAya ? bhAratanA sAmAjika vizvadarzana dvArA gAMdhIjIe manuSya mAtranI svataMtratAnI kalpanA 'svarAja'nI vibhAvanA dvArA rajU karI, jemAM manuSyanuM potAnA para potAnuM ja taMtra hoya, jemAM sva uparano aMkuza bIjAnA svano svIkAra kare, tenuM gaurava kare ane tene potAno ja mAne to e samAja ahiMsaka samAja bane. temAM AdhipatyavAdI rAjya jevI saMsthAnuM mahattva na hoya. temAM nAnA samudAyonuM potAnuM ja taMtra hoya. zoSaNavihIna svadezI bhAvanA AdhArita jIvanazailI ane vikendrita arthataMtra, AsapAsanI prakRtine anukULa hoya. A AdarzavAdI bhAvanA nathI, paraMtu paryAvaraNa zuddhi ane pANInA bacAva jeTalI ja atyArathI AvazyaktA che. atyAre itihAsane tribheTe UbhelA mAnavasamAje mAhitIsabhara AMdhaLuM jJAna, viSAdayukta bauddhika jJAna ane sthaLakALane atikramaNa prajJAmAMthI pasaMdagI karavAnI che. potAnA ane bIjAnAnI bhAvanAe mahAbhArata sarjyuM. mahAbhAratamAM, jJAnamImAMsAnA saMdarbhamAM eka aMtima pAsuM aMdha dhRtarASTranuM pAtra che. to bIjI bAju tethI taddana judI jJAnamImAMsAnI dRSTi dharAvatA kRSNanuM pAtra che. to be vacce 'carmacakSu'nI dRSTi dharAvatA arjunanuM pAtra che, je yuddharUpI kaTokaTI vakhate ja viSAdano anubhave kare che. jo itihAsanuM jJAna mAtra vipula pramANamAM AMdhaLI mAhitI ja ApatuM raheze to te ApaNI kamanasIbI haze, jo te bauddhika evI carmacakSunI dRSTi ApatuM haze to te viSAdamaya ja rahevAnuM. tene atikramavA mATe eTale AjanI Adhunika pazcimanI saMskRtinI pAyAnI saMracanAne atikramavAnI dRSTi e ja kRSNAnI prajJA - divyacakSunI dRSTi hoI zake. sthaLa-kALanA piMjarAmAMthI bahAra jovAnI A STi manuSyane kyAre prApta thaze ! itihAsane A savAla ApaNe gaMbhIratAthI pUchI zakIe ? AvA savAla pUchavAnI utkaMThA sAthe itihAsa saMzodhana thaze ? tenI saMzodhana paddhatimAM parivartana Avaze ? * pathika * traimAsika - okTo.-nave.-Dise., 2003 0 10 For Private and Personal Use Only

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mArI itihAsa aMgenI vibhAvanA : anubhavanI eraNethI prA. zirIna mahetA itihAsa viSenI mArI vibhAvanAnA ghaDataramAM mArA zaizavakALa, vidyArthI avasthAnAM je paribaLoe bhAga bhajavyo che teno ullekha jarUrI samajatAM teTalA pUratAM AtmalakSI vidhAno karyA che. mAro itihAsa sAtheno nAto eka aitihAsika ghaTanA samAna banyo. sAta varSanI mArI vaye dezanA bhAvi itihAsanuM caNatara nakkara pAyA upara thaI rahyuM hatuM. aitihAsika ghaTanAo tvarita gatithI AkAra laI rahI hatI. 1942no araso hato. hiMda choDo' AMdolano jora-zorathI cAlI rahyAM hatAM. 1941nA amadAvAdanI khUba ja vikhyAta evI rASTrIya zALA "zeTha sI.ena. vidyAlayanA bALamaMdiramAM mAro praveza romAMcaka rahyo. zALAnA mukhya zikSaka jANItA zAyara zrI jhINAbhAI desAI jeo 'sneharazmi'nA takhkhalusathI oLakhAtA temanAM dhvaja aMgenAM rASTrIya kAvyo, zrI umAzaMkara joSI ane sundaram-tribhuvanadAsa luhAranAM rASTragIto vidyArthIomAM mukA kaMThe gavAtAM. AjhAdInA nArAo sabhara vAtAvaraNa, sabhA, saraghaso rASTrIya netAonAM AvAgamana e zALAmAM rojanA kAryakrama rahetA. jo ke pAchaLathI zALAo ATha mahinA baMdha rahI. paraMtu AjhAdInI tamannA, rASTravAda, khAdIno paheraveza, jIvanamAM sAdAI gaLathuthImAMthI maLyAM. itihAsanuM sacoTa bIjAropaNa, pratyakSa svarUpe thatuM jatuM hatuM. vaLI hAIskUlamAM itihAsa-bhUgoLanA viSayanuM rasapAna karAvanArA uttama zikSaka bhAskararAva vikrAMsa maLyA. teo je rIte nakazAo dvArA zikSaNakArya karatA te evuM to magajamAM UtaratuM ke Aje paNa bhulAya tema nathI. jANe-ajANe paNa mArA mAnasa upara samaya ane sthaLano tAlamela spaSTapaNe ghUMTAto jato hato. gharanuM vAtAvaraNa paNa abhyAsa kendrita hatuM. pitA snAtaka hatA. saMskRta, aMgrejI, itihAsanuM UMDuM jJAna dharAvatA hatA. svabhAve zikSaka hatA paNa kApaDanI milamAM "selsamena'nI nokarI karatA. tethI temane ghaNI vakhata dezabharamAM paryaTaNa karavuM paDatuM. lAMbAgALAnI temanI musApharImAM ame paNa joDAtAM. aitihAsika sthaLo, smArako, yujhiyamonI mulAkAte ame jatAM ane te aMgenuM sAhitya ekatrita karavAno pitAne gAMDo zokha hato. temane mukhethI rAjAmahArAjAonI vAto, lokavAyakAo vagere sAMbhaLavA maLatAM. Ama bALapaNathI ja aitihAsika ghaTanAo-banAvo jANavAnI-jovAnI utsukatA-AturatA janmI. AjhAdI maLI. 1951mAM esa.esa.sI.mAM uttIrNa thayA bAda amadAvAdanI gauravavaMtI kaoNleja gujarAta kaoNlejamAM praveza maLyo. briTiza sarakAra sthApita A kaoNlejamAM vinayana ane vijJAna be vibhAgo hatA. mAro prathama varga hato tethI mane vijJAna zAkhAmAM praveza maLyo paraMtu te jamAnAmAM chokarIo mATe zikSikAnI kArakirdI uttama gaNAtI. DaoNkTarI, ijanerI vyavasAyo duSkara manAtA. meM vinayana vibhAgamAM ja praveza mAnya rAkhyo. vakIlAta, zikSaka e ja sArA vyavasAyo briTiza yugamAM lekhAtA, gujarAta kaoNlejamAM be varSanA sAmAnya abhyAsakramo bAda snAtaka kakSAe mukhya viSaya tarIke viSayanI pasaMdagIno prazna Avyo. mArAthI be varSe moTA mArA bhAI paNa gujarAta kolejamAM hatA, teo itihAsa viSaya sAthe snAtaka thayA hatA. temaNe mane sUcana karyuM, "itihAsa viSaya rasaprada che. bI.e, sAleTora, jI.bI. dezapAMDe, ena.bI. nAyaka, pro. morAthisa jevA prophesaro itihAsa sarasa zikhavADe che. vaLI mArI pAse itihAsanA suMdara pustako kharIdelAM che. tene kAma Avaze ane kharca nahIM karavo paDe." madhyamavarganAM TAMcAM sAdhanomAM karakasara thAya to sAruM ema vicArI itihAsa viSaya pasaMda karyo kharca * nivRtta prAdhyApaka-adhyakSa, itihAsa vibhAga, gujarAta yunivarsiTI, amadAvAda pathika * saimAsika - okTo.-nave.-Dise., ra003 11 For Private and Personal Use Only

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bacAvavAnI sAthe sAthe A viSayamAM rasa paNa hato. snAtakanI padavI meLavyA pachI, juniyara ema.e. itihAsa viSayamAM gujarAta yunivarsiTImAM zarU karyuM. sAthe sAthe bI.eDa.mAM paNa praveza meLavyo. kAraNa zALAnA zikSaka thavuM hoya to keLavaNInA snAtakanI padavI Avazyaka hatI. ahIM paNa itihAsa ane gujarAtI sAhitya mukhya viSayo pasaMda karyA. bI.eDa.no abhyAsakrama pUro karyA bAda zALAmAM nokarI nA karI. ema.e. pUruM karavAnI icchA prabaLa hatI. paraMtu bI.e.nA abhyAsakrame mArAmAM sArA zikSaka thavAnA guNa keLavyA. vidyArthIonA mAnasanI mane uttama samaja maLI. vidyArthIone sacoTa asarakAraka dRzya-zrAvya sAdhano dvArA kaI rIte samajAvI. zakAya e tAlIme mane A jIvanabhAthuM bAMdhI ApyuM. deza, videzamAM ane vidyArthIonI cAhanA maLI e keTale aMze bI.eDa.nI tAlIma vagara zakya banyuM hota ke kema te praznArtha che. yogAnuyoga lagnajIvanamAM paNa mArA pati makaraMda mahetA itihAsavidda nIkaLyA. e madhura akasmAta hato. teo jI.ela.esa. ArTsa koleja-lo kaoNlejamAM itihAsanA prAdhyApaka hatA amArI carcA-vicAraNAmAM mAruM itihAsa viSenuM jJAna ghUMTAtuM jatuM hatuM. zikSaka tarIke je kaoNlejamAM keLavaNI meLavI hatI te ja gujarAta kaoNleja briTizayuganI paraMparA dharAvatI hatI. temAM mane itihAsanA vyAkhyAtA banavAnI taka maLI. 1960 thI 1966 sudhI e kAmagIrI karI. tyAra bAda 19661970 sudhI jI.ela.esa. ArTsa koleja, lAla daravAjA, amadAvAdamAM vyAkhyAtA tarIke nokarI karI. Ama daza varSanA gALA daramyAna itihAsa ane itihAsa sAthe saMkaLAyelA viSayo zIkhavyA, jevA ke nAgarikazAstra ane vahIvaTataMtra, jagatanA dharmo, jagatano itihAsa, bhUgoLa, Adhunika yuropa, Adhunika bhArA, prAcIna bhAratIya rAjaya-vyavasthA vagere vAMcana vadhatuM gayuM. vaLI pAchI vidyArthI avasthA : 1970mAM vaLI pAchI jIvananI dizA badalAI. prophesara makaraMda mahetAne dilhImAM zrIrAma senTara phora inDasTriyala rIlezana'nAmanI saMsthAmAM "lAlA zrIrAma" upara saMzodhanano projekTa maLyo. ame dilhI gayAM, dilhInI kolejamAM pIeca.DI, sivAya vyAkhyAtA banavAnI taka nA maLI. mAro gaja nuM vAgyo. javAharalAla naheru yunivarsiTInI "skUla opha inTaranezanala sTaDI'nI jAherAta AvI. lekhita parIkSA ApI, pIeca.DI.nA prathama varSamAM praveza meLavyo. prathama varSa kaoNrsavarka' gaNAya. eka videzI bhASA zIkhavI pharajiyAta hatuM. meM phenca bhASA pasaMda karI jenuM jJAna pAchaLathI mane khUba upayogI nIvaDayuM. mArA pIeca.DI.no prAdezika vibhAga 'dakSiNa-pUrNa eziyA' hatA jemAM bhArata, nepALa, pAkistAna ane zrIlaMkA A cAra dezono samAveza thato. pIeca.DI.no viSaya A cAra dezomAM temanA AMtararASTrIya saMbaMdhone lagato koI paNa viSaya pasaMda karI zakAya. vizALa kSetraphaLamAM pAMgarelI javAharalAla naheru yunivarsiTI, nyu dilhI, dezamAM eka namUnArUpa vizvavidyAlaya ja nahIM paNa videzanI koIpaNa yunivarsiTInI barAbarI karI zake tevI rIte adyatana Dhabe teno vikAsa karavAmAM Avyo che. tenI mahAkAya lAyabrerI, dezavidezanI aneka bhASAomAM AvatAM maeNgejhino, sAmayiko, aneka chApAMo, judI judI bhASAonAM pustako, mAikrophila, vagerethI sajAvelI che. samAjavidyAbhavana, bhASAbhavano, vijJAnazAkhAmAM zikhavAtA aneka viSayonA alaga alaga bhavano ahIM AvelAM che. uparAMta deza-videzanAM chokarI-chokarAone rahevA mATe hosTelo paNa che. Ama TUMkamAM A adyatana vidyArthIjagata che. vaLI 'skUla opha inTaranezanala sTaDIjha'nI AsapAsa 'inDiyA kAunsila opha varlDa aphersa pustakAlaya senTrala sekreTeriyaTa lAyabrerI, nezanala Arkoijha opha iMDiyA' vagere pustakAlayo, daphatara bhaMDAro pathika * vaimAsika -- okTo.-nave.-Dise., 273 * 12 For Private and Personal Use Only

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AvelAM che. mAre mATe to bALaka zALAmAM prathama divase jAya tevo ja anubhava rahyo. jema jema abhyAsa zarU thayo, vargo levAtA gayA, deza-videzanA vikhyAta prAdhyApako bhaNAvatA gayA tema tema mane mAruM ghaNuM vAmaNApaNuM lAgyuM. 10 varSanI vyAkhyAtAno anubhava, snAtaka kakSAnuM jJAna hovA chatAM mAruM jJAna kevaLa pustakiyA lAgyuM. vidyArthIo samakSa je itihAsa zIkhavyo te hakIkatothI sabhara, bIjAoe lakhelo itihAsa, je rIte arthaghaTana karyuM hatuM, bhUlo teoe karI hatI te meM koIpaNa jAtanI zaMkA ke prazna karyA vagara grahI lIdhI hatI. e maryAdA mArI mane sau prathama samajAI. 'dakSiNa-pUrva eziyAnA te samaye vibhAgIya vaDA ane skUlanA DIna Do. bimalaprasAda hatA, jeonA niSNAta mArgadarzana heThaLa meM pIeca.DI. karyuM.teo bhAratanI videzanItinA pAraMgata hatA. jayaprakAza nArAyaNanA paTanA yunivarsiTInA vidyArthI hatA. teo prakhara gAMdhIvAdI hatA. pAkistAna deza mATe viSaya niSNAta prophesara mahamada Ayuba, zrIlaMkAnA niSNAta DaoN. urmilA phaDanIsa ane nepALa mATe tyAMnA bhUtapUrva (videza pradhAna RSikeza sahA amArA prophesara hatA. zarUAtamAM A vidvAna prAdhyApako samajAya ane nA paNa samajAya. paraMtu vidvAno ane pustakAlayonI asara mArA para paDyA vagara rahI nahIM. itihAsa aMgenA mArA khyAlomAM AmUla parivartana AvyuM. javAharalAla naheru yunivarsiTI, nyu dilhIe mane itihAsa viSe nIcenI samaja ApI :1. itihAsa viSenuM jJAna saMzodhana vagara pAMgaLuM che. saMzodhana karo nahIM, lakho nahIM tyAM sudhI vicAronI goThavaNI thatI nathI. vicAro vyavasthita tarkabaddha thatA nathI. 2. Question the data - meLavelI mAhitI kabUla karo nahi. prazno pUcho, zaMkA keLavo, TIkAtmaka abhigama keLavavAthI javAba maLe ane e ja saMzodhana. 3. sAco itihAsa lokAbhimukha che. saMzodhana mATe pasaMda karAyelA sthaLanI mulAkAta, survey jarUrI che. viSaya sAthe saMkaLAyelA ane chatAM hayAta hoya to tevI vyaktionI mulAkAta lo, vicAro jANo. daphatara bhaMDAro, dastAvejo vahIvaTI hevAlo pUratI mAhitI ApatA nathI. 4. khyAlAtmaka mALakhuM ane pRthakkaraNa vagara saMzodhana kevaLa hakIkatothI bharelo varNanAtmaka itihAsa banI rahe che. A vizvavidyAlayamAM kAryamArksanA itihAsa aMgenA bhautika arthaghaTanane prAdhAnya hatuM. ghaTanAo, banAvo ke kAntinI kAryakAraNIya prakriyAmAM Arthika pAsAMo mahattvanAM gaNAtAM. netRtva, vaicArika, sAmAjika, rAjakIya, sAMskRtika paribaLone gauNa gaNI saMzodhana para bhAra mukAto, varga-vigrahanI prakriyA para bhAra mukAto. 5. 1970nA arasAmAM saMzodhana-kSetre viSayonI pasaMdagI temaja khyAlAtmaka abhigamamAM parivartana AvyuM. prAdezika abhyAso, nimnastarIya loko, itihAsa vihoNAono itihAsa, taLa itihAsa history from below, prajAkIya itihAsa carcAno viSaya banyA. A samAjane mUlavavA saMskRtIkaraNa - Sanskritization ke brAhmaNIya sabhyatA Brahminical Culture - TUMkamAM samAjanA upalA vargonA mApadaMDothI nahIM paNa samAjanA nIcalA vargo, dalito, AdivAsIo vagere temanI AgavI saMskRtinA mApadaMDothI mUlavavA joIe. teonI sabhyatAnI AgavI dharI - independent nucleus che, teonuM svataMtra jagata autonomous world che e abhigama hovo joIe. pathika * saimAsika - okTo.-nave.-Dise., 2003 0 13 For Private and Personal Use Only

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pIeca.DI.nA viSayanI pasaMdagI : 1971nA arasAmAM 'skUla oNpha inTaranezanala sTaDIjha mAM AMtararASTrIya saMbaMdho karatAM prAdezika abhyAso tarapha jhukAva Avyo. mArA mArgadarzaka prophesara bimalaprasAde pitAtulya salAha ApI. A samaye huM be bALakonI mAtA hatI. temaNe mane koI mahattvakAMkSI viSaya karatAM huM jenA upara kAma karI zake ane chatAM khUba upayogI nIvaDI zake tevA viSaya para kAma karavA sUcana karyuM ke mAre gujarAtanA ja ItihAsamAM saMzodhana karavuM. gAMdhIyuganA gujarAta upara kheDANa joIe tevuM thayuM nA hatuM. bhAratanI svataMtratAnA saMgrAmamAM gAMdhI gujarAta kendrabindu hatA. gujarAte gAMdhIjIne temanI satyAgraha paddhatine ajamAveza karavAnI prayogazALA pUrI pADI hatI. gujarAte karmaniSTha netAo, kAryakaro, svayaMsevako, strIo ane puruSo senAnIo ApyA. gAMdhIjI ane temanA jamaNA hAtha samA vallabhabhAIne sAdhanasAmagrI, mAnavazakti ApyAM, temaNe kahyuM, "eka gujarAtI tarIke, gAMdhIyuga daramiyAna thayelA koI eka AMdolana para kAma karIne gujarAtI sAhityamAM khaDakAyeluM vipula sAhitya, nAmI-anAmI strIpuruSo, gujarAtanAM gAmaDAMnI prajA upara tArA sivAya koNa prakAza pADI zake ? A dizAmAM saMzodhana karavuM tamArI pharaja che. A sAhityane aMgrejI bhASAmAM rajU karo to teno vAMcanAra varga ghaNo vyApaka bane." mAro viSaya nakkI thayo "bAraDolI satyAgraha, 1928 : eka kheDUta AMdolana" saMzodhananI rUparekhA ane phaLazruti : 1. sau prathama to e prazna thayo ke ATalAM badhAM AMdolano gujarAtamAM gAMdhIyuga daramyAna thayAM to zA mATe bAraDolI satyAgraha upara kAma karavuM ? 2. vaLI A AMdolana upara mahAdeva desAIe daLadAra pustaka bahAra pADyuM hatuM. uparAMta narahari parIkha, IzvaralAla icchArAma desAI, A AMdolana upara prakAza pADI cUkyA hatA. mAre navuM zuM kahevAnuM hatuM ? 3. A AMdolananuM netRtva dhuraMdhara prakhara rAjakAraNIya evA vallabhabhAI paTele lIdhuM hatuM. zuM A kheDUta AMdolana eka rAjakIya ghaTanA hatI ke je dvArA gAMdhIjI, vallabhabhAI zaktizALI kheDUta maMca briTiza saltanata sAme Ubho karavA mAMgatA hatA ? sAcA arthamAM kheDUtone briTiza sarakAre anyAya karelo ? briTiza sarakAre eka yA bIjA kAraNo rajU karI dara trIsa varSe thatI taiyatavArI pradezomAM jamInamahesUlanI AkAraNImAM 1926mAM dakSiNa gujarAtanA tAlukAomAM ekAeka 30% jamIna mahesUla vadhArI mUkyuM. savAla e hato ke jo A jamIna mahesUla vadhAro jamIna dharAvatA kheDUtone sparzatA hoya to khetamajUro, jamInavihoNA khetadArono abhigama A AMdolana aMge kevo hato ? temAM 60 TakA vastI dharAvato varga hato (cArTa 1 juo). meM navuM zuM zodhuM? 1928no bAraDolI satyAgraha e ja eka satyAgraha AMdolana hatuM ke je saphaLa thayuM hatuM. vallabhabhAI paTele A kheDUta AMdolanane evuM vyavahAru svarUpa ApyuM. evI rIte Ayojana karyuM ke jyAM gAMdhIjI niSphaLa gayA hatA tyAM AMdolana saphaLa thayuM. kheDA satyAgraha, 1921-22nuM bAraDolI khAte pasaMda karAyeluM asahakAranuM AMdolana niSphaLa gayAM hatAM (cArTa 2 juo). mahAdeva desAI, narahari parIkha, IzvaralAla icchArAma desAI vageree A AMdolana upara ghaNuM sAhitya khaDakyuM. paraMtu teo khuda svataMtra senAnIo hatA, temAM bhAga lIdho hato, eka itihAsakAranI adAthI niSpakSa rUpe kaI rIte A banAvane nIrakhI zake ! vaLI temanI pAse sarakArI dastAvejo, gavarnara janarala, gavarnara, kalekTara kamizanaranA patro nA hatA. meM A dastAvejo, polIsa phAIlo, keMgresanI e.AI.sI.sI.nI phAIlo, pathika * saimAsika - okTo.-nave.-Dise., ra003 0 14 For Private and Personal Use Only

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cArTa -1 bAraDolI tAlukAnA kheDUtonuM sAmAjika Arthika pAsuM kistarIya samAja-jJAti koma pramANe ujalI paraja khetIpradhAna samAja Arthika vargIkaraNa jamInanA mAliko athavA khAtedAra 25% anAvila, pATIdAra athavA kaNabI, rAjapUta kolI, bAraiyA, vANiyA, muslima, pArasI ane bahu thoDA kAlIparaja gaNotiyA 47% khetadAso jamIna vihoNA kheDUto hALIo athavA kAlIparaja jUtho dUbaLA, dhoDiyA, gAmIta codharA, nAyakaDA, DheDa vagere 51% * jamInanA mAliko, gaNotiyA paNa hoya ane gaNotiyA majUrI paNa karatA hoya tethI TakAvArI 100 TakA nA hoI zake. jamInanA mAlikIhaka pramANe Arthika starIkaraNa 1 thI 5 ekara 6 thI 25 ekara ra6 thI 100 ekara 100 thI 500 ekara 26% 35% 4.8% .92% tAlukAnA 95 TakA kheDUto jAte khetI karatA. rayatavArI prathAmAM baMgALa jevA moTA jamInadAro nA hatA. mAtra pa TakA kheDUto pAse 26 ekarathI vadhAre jamIna hatI. bAraDolInA 1928nA kheDUtonA AMdolanamAM jemanI pAse jamIna hatI teoe agragaNya bhUmikA bhajavI hatI. pathika * saimAsika - okTo.-nave.-Dise., 2003 15 For Private and Personal Use Only

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cArTa-2 satyAgraha AMdolananI kriyAzIlatA saMvAdita mALakhuM 1. asahakAranA AMdolananuM ekama-jillo ke tAlukAnI pasaMdagI. 2. gAmaDAMonI vaheMcaNI kempomAM. 3. kempanI pasaMdagInuM sthaLa tenI rAjakIya, bhaugolika sthAnIya agatya pramANe temaja koma-jAti tattva paNa gaNatarImAM gAmaDAMonI vaheMcaNI kempomAM 10 14 16 pratyeka kempamAM netRtva ane sattAkIya mALakhuM : strIonI sAmelagIrI starIya 1. pratyeka kempa vibhAgIya temanI patnI, putrI,bahena athavA vaDA hastaka strI-netA paNa hoya (rASTrIya netA) 2. pa thI 7 sthAnika netAo ahIM paNa AgaLa paDatI prAdezika netRtva dharAvatI strIo sAmela thatI. 3. 100 svayaMsevako yuvA strIo, chokarIo svayaMsevako hatI. (sthAnika) (sthAnika) Process of Mobilisation - prajAne kAryarata banAvavAnAM pagalAM Vertical mobilization Horizontal mobilisation Urdhva gatizIlatA samasUtra gatizIlatA jJAti-koma pramANe eka chatra pATIdAro, anAvilo rASTrIya kakSAno netA | vANiyA vibhAgIya brAhmaNa pratyeka koma vividha komo jJAtinA puruSa, rAjapUta-garAziyA vaDo jUtho ekatrita kare. strI vaDA nimAtA. | muslima pArasI AdivAsI jUtho. upayogamAM levAtAM mAdhyamo jJAti, koma samitio, pracAra mAdhyamo-patrikAo, jaranala, jAhera sabhA, saraghaso, prabhAtapherIo, garabA, prArthanA, bhajana maMDaLIo. pathika - tramAsika - okTo.-nave.-Dise., ra003 16 For Private and Personal Use Only

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korTa rekarDasa badhuM ja joyuM. AkarI jamIna mahesUla dakSiNa gujarAtanA badhA ja tAlukAmAM ladAI hatI. chatAM bAraDolI tAlukosurata jillo ja satyAgraha mATe kema? bhUmikA taiyAra hatI. paristhiti pAkaTa hatI. surata jillo 1907 thI rAjakIya jAgRtatA dharAvato hato. ahIMnA pATIdAro, anAvilo dakSiNa AphrikAmAM vaselA hatA ane gAMdhIjInA - AphrikAnA satyAgrahamAM (1908-1914) teoe khUba madada karI hatI. suratamAM AvelA pATIdAra ane anAvila AzramonA vidyArthIo satyAgraha, ahiMsAnI vicArasaraNIthI vAkepha hatA. A AMdolana sAcA arthamAM kheDUtone thayelA anyAya upara nirdhArita hatuM e tapAsavA mATe meM jamIna mahesUla AkAraNI paddhatino vaijJAnika Dhabe abhyAsa karyo. AMkaDAkIya mAhitI meLava, saravALA, guNAkAra badhuM ja karyuM. ane lAgyuM ke sarakAre khoTI rIte julmI AkAraNI karI che. hakIkatamAM khetI samRddha thaI ja nA hatI. pATIdAra ane anAvilonAM dakSiNa AphrikAmAMthI mokalAtAM nANAM jamIna kharIdavAmAM rokAtAM jamInanA bhAva UMce gayA hatA. jamInanI vecANa-kiMmatane AdhAre thayelI AkAraNI julmI hatI. vallabhabhAIe to sapATI uparanuM netRtva pUruM pADyuM hatuM. kharI kAmagIrI karanArAM sthAnika paribaLo, sthAnika kAryakaro hatAM. bAraDolI tAlukAnA gAmaDe gAmaDe pharI, AMdolanamAM bhAga lenArAmAMthI jeo hayAta hatA temanI mulAkAto noMdhI (zarTa-2). khyAlAtmaka mALakhAnAM DAberI vicArasaraNI ane Arthika paribaLo uparAMta meM sAMskRtika, dhArmika, sAmAjika paribaLo upara eTalo ja bhAra mUkyo. bAraDolI tAlukAnI prajAnuM 1890 thI pheMgresa sAthe joDANa, surata gresa (1907) temaja tAlukAmAM vikaselI sAmAjika sudhAraNA, AryasamAja AMdolana vagere sarvagrAhI pAsAM tapAsyAM. AMdolana samayanuM sAhitya, patrikAo, lokagIta, rAsa-garabA upara prakAza pADyo. AdivAsIomAM thayelI gAMdhIvAdI pravRttino mAtra sparza karelo. nIce rajU karelA cArTa dvArA structural approach thI bAraDolIno kheDUta sAmAjika, Arthika dRSTiesamajAvavAno prayAsa karelo. bAraDolI satyAgrahanI saphaLatA pAchaLa jaDabesalAka tAlukAnA AMdolana samaye Ayojana hatuM je cArTa na. 2 mAM darzAvyuM che. A saMzodhananI maryAdA : 1. 60 TakA vasatI dharAvatA khetamajUro, khetadAso, emanA samAja upara prakAza joIe tevo pADyo nA hato. 2. strIoe AgaLa paDatI bhUmikA bhajavI hatI chatAM temanA phALAnuM vizleSaNa ke carcA joIe tevI karelI nahIM. zaherI temaja grAmINa bahenoe strI-netRtva pUruM pADyuM hatuM paNa vigate prakAza paDelo nahi. jo ke A khAmI pAchaLathI meM AdivAsI strIo upara saMzodhana karI lekho lakhI dUra karelI. mAruM A saMzodhana pustaka rUpe, prejhanTrI enDa nezanAlijhama : e kesa sTaDI oNpha bAraDolI satyAgraha" pragaTa thayuM.' mArI vistaratI kSitijo : gujarAta yunivarsiTImAM zikSaNa kArya, videza gamana - bAhya jagata sAthe paricI AjIvana zikSaka rahevAnI taka 1973mAM pIeca.DI. lagabhaga pUruM thavA AvyuM tyAre maLI. gujarAta yunivarsiTImAM vyAkhyAtA tarIke nimaNUka thaI. zikSakanI kAmagIrI chellAM 21 varSa itihAsa vibhAgamAM-pAchaLathI rIDara (1980), prophesara (1990), adhyakSa (1992) ane okTobara 1994mAM nivRtti maLI tyAM sudhI to karI, paNa hajI paNa AjIvana itihAsano abhyAsa cAlu che. atyAra sudhI je kaMI bhAthuM maLyuM hatuM teno upayoga pathika * saimAsika - okTo.-nave.-Dise., 2003 * 17 For Private and Personal Use Only

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anusnAtaka, ema.phila, pIeca.DI.nA vidyArthIone taiyAra karavAmAM karyo. Adhunika bhArata, bhAratano svAtaMtrya itihAsa, madhyakAlIna Arthika-sAmAjika bhAratano itihAsa, gujarAtano itihAsa vagere viSayo bhaNAvavAno anero AnaMda Avyo. saMtuSTa vidyArthIonA pratibhAvo joI mArA AnaMdamAM ghaNo vadhAro thato. mAruM dhyeya : Mapping of Gujarat History DaoN. bimalaprasAdanA sUcana pramANe vaNakheDAyelAM, verAna, ujjaDa pAsAMo gujarAta itihAsamAM hoya tenA upara kAma karavuM ane A viSayo upara prakAza pADavo, saMzodhana karavuM e mAruM AjIvana dhyeya che. bhAratanA bIjA pradezonA itihAsamAM kheDANa thayuM che tevuM gujarAtamAM nathI thayuM. pariNAme meM nizcaya karyo ke aMgrejImAM ja lakhavuM jethI eno vAcakavarga vyApaka rahe, paraprAMtamAM gujarAta viSe loko mAhitagAra thAya. itihAsamAM khAsa karIne briTizayuga daramiyAna gujarAta upara vizeSa kAma karyuM. mArA kAryano vyApa traNa stare rahyo. 1. sthAnika kakSAe - gujarAtanI yunivarsiTIo, kaoNlejo , saMsthAo dvArA Ayojita thatA seminAro, tAlImazibiro (workshop) rIphrezara korsa bhaNAvavAmAM zakya teTalA gujarAtanAM sAmAjika, rAjakIya Arthika pAsAo upara saMzodhana-lekho karavA prayAsa karyo. 2. rASTrIya stare gujarAta bahAra, muMbaI, mahArASTra, dilhI, kalakattA, banArasa, haidarAbAda vagere sthaLe thatA seminAromAM bhAga laI zodhapatro gujarAta upara rajU karyA. iMDiyana hisTarI keMgresamAM paNa saMzodhana-lekho vAMcyA. 3. AMtararASTrIya kSetre Ayojita pariSadomAM gujarAtanA itihAsa upara prakAza pADyo. A uparAMta perisa (phAnsa)mAM "sITe yunivarsiTI ane sorbona yunivarsiTImAM temaja sanDaralenDa yunivarsiTI (yu.ke.)mAM mulAkAtI prophesaranI kAmagIrI maLatAM (1996-2001) paNa gujarAta aMge rajUAta thatI hatI. gujarAtanA itihAsane sparza karatA viSayomAM kareluM kheDANa : Arthika itihAsa : bAraDolInuM kheDUta AMdolana (1928) ekamAtra zarUAta hatI. gujarAtano vizALa dariyAI kinAro, teno dhIkato vepAra, saikAothI vikaseluM tenuM vahANavaTuM hatuM. gujarAtanA A pAsA upara kAma karavAnI taka "dariyAI itihAsa" viSaya para govAmAM nevala InsTiTyUTa taraphathI (1980) Ayojita seminAramAM "bhAvanagara baMdaranA vepAra-vANijyanA vikAsaavarodho 1723-1896" zodhapatra rajU karI meLavI. gujarAtanA sadIothI vikaselA vepAra sAthe saMkaLAyelA vepArIonAM mahAjano ane kArIgaronAM paMco aMge kheDANa karyuM. sAmAnya rIte gujarAtamAM "svadezI AMdolana' baMgALanA bhAgalA samaye (1905-08) vikasyuM evo ja khyAla badhAne hato paraMtu gujarAta ane temAMye amadAvAdamAM briTiza zAsanakALamAM Adhunika kApaDa milaudyoga moTA pAyA upara vikasyo, tenI zarUAta 1861 thI thaI, 1914 sudhI pa4 kApaDanI milo kevaLa amadAvAdamAM sthapAI ane bhAratanuM mAMcesTara kahevAyuM, A udyogapatioe briTiza mAlanA bahiSkAra ane svadezI mAlanI khapata mATe 1875 thI gujarAtamAM videzI AMdolana cheDyuM hatuM. A AMdolanamAM strI-zikSikAo, gujarAtanA zikSakoe svadezI upara khUba lakhANo lakhyAM. pustako, duhAo, gIta svadezIne biradAvatAM 19mI sadInA uttarArdhamAM gujarAtamAM lakhAyAM. gujarAtamAM svadezI AMdolana 1875-1908' upara iMDiyana hisTarI keMgresa, amRtasara (1980)mAM rajU karyo. " A mahAnibaMdha 'kheDUta AMdolana upara taiyAra karyo hato, paraMtu A nibaMdha maryAdAo jaNAtAM gujarAtanA kheDUto ane temAMya vizeSa karIne AdivAsI kheDUto, khetamajUro, hALIonI bhUmikA svAtaMtrya AMdolana samaye kevI rahI ! e aMge AgaLa saMzodhana karyuM ane gujarAtanA kheDUtonA 1930 thI svAtaMtryanI prApti sudhI temanA abhigamo-judA pathika - maimAsika - okTo.-nave.-Dise., 2003 * 18 For Private and Personal Use Only

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staranA kheDUtonAM rAjakIya valaNonI carcA "1942nI 'hiMda choDo' laData ane kheDUto"" upara saMzodhana karyuM. sAmAjika pAsuM : gujarAtanA sAmAjika pAsA upara kAma karavAnI jarUriyAta pahelethI ja jaNAI hatI. sAmAnya rIte sAmAjika itihAsa aMge khoTo khyAla pravarte che. rAjakAraNa, Arthika bAbatono samAveza nA thAya tevI sAmAjika, sAMskRtika, dhArmika, kalA viSayaka bAbatone AvarI le te sAmAjika itihAsa, Avo Residual gaLAyA pachI bAkI rahe tevo, abhigama paDakArI meM sarvagrAhI saMyogika badhAM ja pAsAMone AvarI le tevo abhigama apanAvelo je sAmAjika-rAjakIya, Arthika bAbatono samAveza kare che. zarUAtamAM meM gujarAtanI jJAtiprathA, satIprathA, dUdhapItIne cAla, keLavaNIno vikAsa vagere viSayo sparco. A saMzodhana lekho muMbaIthI bahAra paDatA gujarAta rIsarca jarnala'mAM 1965-70 sudhInA arasAmAM chapAyA. paraMtu temAM hakIkato vadhAre pramANamAM hatI. pRthakkaraNa nabaLuM hatuM. jayAre meM ''dakSiNa-gujarAtanA pATIdAro ane anAvilomAM jJAti sudhAraNA" upara kAma karyuM tyAre mArAmAM TIkAtmaka abhigama sArA pramANamAM vikasyo hato. "AdivAsIonA lokasAhityamAM vyakta thatI sAmAjika cetanA" upara kAma karavAnI taka surata mukAme "itihAsa ane sAhitya" viSaya para senTara phora sozyala sTaDIjha khAte seminAranuM Ayojana thayuM (1985) tyAre maLI, mahAnibaMdha lakhatAM je maryAdA rahI hatI te AdivAsI samAja upara kAma karavAne lIdhe dUra thaI. pAchaLathI AlekhamAM sudhArA karI. 1987mAM govA khAte bharAyelI iMDiyana hisTarI kAMgresamAM lekha rajU karyo hato. mArA "strI-abhyAsa"nA lekhomAM gujarAtanA sAmAjika pAsA upara vadhAre sArI rIte kAma thayuM. A lekhono ullekha nIce meM karelo che. rAjakIya bAbato : spaSTa rAjakAraNa upara prakAza pheMkAya tevA lekho lakhavAnI taka jayAre jyAre seminAronI bAMdhaNI viSaya anusAra thAya tyAre thatI rahI. 1907mAM 'surata koMgresamAM paDelI phATa' viSe rASTrIya starane dhyAnamAM laI mavALavAdI- jahAlavAdIonI ghaNI carcA thaI paraMtu gujarAtamAM maLelI A rASTrIya saMsthAnI beThaka samaye prAdezika paribaLo, gujarAtanA mavALavAdI- jahAlavAdIo, temanI pravRtti, temanI vaccenA saMgharSanI vAta upara joIe tevo prakAza paDyo na hato. mArA dakSiNa gujarAta viSenA saMzodhana daramiyAna ghaNI mAhitI, mULabhUta sroto maLatAM gujarAta ona dha iva sUrata sliTa - 1907 upara lekha lakhyo navI dilhI khAte 1992mAM akabara bAdazAhanI 450 mI varSagAMTha ujavavAnuM nakkI thayuM. iMDiyA kAunsila opha hisTorikala sTaDIjha "akabara" upara seminAra yojayo. (15-17 oNkTobara, 1992) temAM paNa "gujarAtanA jaina srotomAM vyakta thatI akabaranI pratibhA" upara saMzodhana karyuM, je lekha pAchaLathI "akabara enDa hijha eIja' graMthamAM chapAyo." jaina sAdhvIonAM lakhANo, vijJapti-patro, ane sAdhuonI hastaprato uparathI A lekha taiyAra karyo hato. ela.DI.insTiTyUTa opha inDolojI, amadAvAda, bho.je. vidyAbhavanamAMthI aprApya evuM mULa srotovALuM sAhitya maLyuM hatuM. tevI ja rIte 1998mAM navI dilhI khAte nirdhArita 'saradAra paTela sosAyaTI'e "vallabhabhAI paTela" upara seminAra karyo. temAM meM saradAra paTela ane gujarAta keMgresa upara kAma karyuM. 'phroma spArka Tu phaleima : paTela, gAMdhI eNnDa gujarAta keMgresamAM saradAra paTelanI gujarAta keMgresanI pramukha bhUmikA zarUAtathI ke temanA samagra jIvana sudhI kevI rahI tenI upara TIkAtmaka carcA karelI hatI. videzanI akAdamIno paricaya : La-Reunion Mauraceus : videzagamana ke AMtararASTrIya pariSadomAM AvAgamana e mArI zikSaka tarIkenI kAmagIrInA bhAga tarIke pathika - mAsika - okTo.-nave.-Dise., 2003 19 For Private and Personal Use Only

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ja thatuM gayuM. sauprathama videzanI AMtararASTrIya pariSadamAM javAno moko 1986mAM maLyo. hiMdI mahAsAgaramAM maDAgAskaranI nIceda-AphrikA najadIka Avela phrenca TApu renso (La Reunion) ane bAjumAM Avela moreziyasamAM javAnuM AmaMtraNa prophesara makaraMda mahetA ane mane maLyuM. inDo-phrenca kalcarala eNkacenja progrAmanA upakrame 18 divasa 'inDo-phrenca kalcarala pariSada'nuM Ayojana thayuM. ahIM mane phrenca bhASAnuM jJAna khUba upayogI nIvaDyuM. 1866nA arasAmAM lUI rUjhale nAmanA phrenca musAphare gujarAta ane rAjasthAnanI musApharI karI hatI ane vizeSa karIne gujarAta, rAjasthAnanAM sAMskRtika sAmAjika paribaLo uparAMta rajavADAMo upara suMdara prakAza pADyo hato. pariNAme meM A viSaya upara ja phrenca parasepzana oNpha prinsalI sTeTa oNpha iMDiyA ina miDa-nAinaTIntha sencyurI thru lUI rUjhalejha TrAvela ekAunTa" upara meM zodhapatra rajU karyo, je tyAre teoe bahAra pADelA pariSadanA prosIDiMgsamAM chapAyo hato. sAthe sAthe moreziyasamAM AvelA "gAMdhI insTiTyUTa mAM amane gAMdhIjI upara bhASaNa karavAnI taka maLI hatI. England France : pIeca.DI.nA saMzodhana samaye iMgleMDanI iMDiyA ophisa lAyabrerI' mAM briTiza yuganA sacavAyelA dastAvejo jovAnI murAda adhUrI rahI hatI. 1989mAM "svAtaMtrya caLavaLamAM strIonI bhUmikA viSaya meM saMzodhana mATe pasaMda karyo ane yu.jI.sI.e mane cha aThavADiyAM mATe iMgleDa javAnI ziSyavRtti ApI. sAthe sAthe mane perisamAM AvelI sITe yunivarsiTI (Cite University) sAthe saMlagna "mejha da syA hoMma" (Maison De Sciene La Homme" eTale samAjavidyA bhavana kahI zakAya, tyAM mane eka mahino kAma karavAnI phelozipa paNa maLI. sITe yunivarsiTI uparAMta perisanI "nezanala bIbalIothikamAM phrAnsanI jekobIna klaba ane TIpu sulatAnanA mULa patravyavahAro, zyAmajI kriSna varmAnuM adbhuta sAhitya, sirAjaudaulAnA dastAvejo vagere ghaNuM jovA maLyuM. iMgleMDamAM iMDiyA ophisa lAyabrerI, briTiza myujhiyama lAyabrerI, oriyenTala lAyabrerI, sauAjha- SOAS (School of Oriental and African Sudies) lAyabrerImAM ghaNuM vAMcavA maLyuM. khUba sAhitya ekatrita karyuM. oksapharDanI boDelIna lAyabrerImAM paNa kAma karavAnI taka maLatI rahI. tyAM auraMgajhebanI sahIovALA patro-nigAranAmA, zAhajahAMnanAM pharamAno, zAMhajahAna nAmA, tujhukI bAbarI vagere mughalakAlIna mULa dastAvejo oNksapharDanI lAyabrerImAM che. iMDiyA oNphisa lAibrerImAMthI gujarAta ane strI-pravRtti viSenI apAra mAhitI, briTiza oNphisaronI patnIonAM lakhANo, gujarAta kaoNlejamAM aMgrejInI prAdhyApikA ane pAchaLathI prinsipAla banelI (1898mAM) pArasI bahena koraneliyA sorAbajInAM peparsa, cImanAbAI peparsa, uparAMta "akhila hiMda mahilA pariSada" (1927)nAM prathama pramukha haMsAbena mahetAnAM bhASaNo vagere sAhitya maLyuM. gujarAtI jUnAM pArasI nATako je 1823 thI lakhAyelAM ane bhajavAtAM hatAM te mane oriyanTala lAibrerImAMthI maLyAM. A uparAMta aneka gujarAtI bhASAnAM jUnAmAM jUnAM pustako maLyAM. oNkTo.1994mAM nivRtti bAda EnglandmAM vijhiTiMga prophesara, uparAMta iTAlI, phrAnsanI yunivarsiTIomAM A sAhitya ane jIvanamAM itihAsanuM jJAna-samajanuM bhAthuM iMgleDamAM mAtra cha aThavADiyAmAM grahaNa na'tuM thayuM. 1996 thI 2001 sudhI iMgleDanI saMDaralenDa yunivarsiTI prophesara mahetA ane mane vijhiTiMga prophesara tarIke pAMca varSa mATe AmaMtraNa maLyuM tyAre ghaNA badhA aitihAsika sroto ekatrita karavAnI taka sAMpaDI. saMDaralenDamAM briTiza itihAsa uparAMta strI-abhyAso (Gender Studies) samAjakalyANa, vagere vibhAgomAM zIkhavavAno anubhava maLyo. pathika traimAsika okTo.-nave.-Dise., 2003 7 20 - For Private and Personal Use Only

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jANye-ajANye paNa mArA abhyAsanuM kendra "nArI abhyAsa, nArI cetanAno itihAsa' banatA jatA hatA. sapTembara 1996mAM ITAlImAM, "varlDa ikonomika DevalapamenTa enDa globalAijhezana' (World Economic Development and Globalisation) AMtararASTrIya pariSadanuM bolonA (Bologna) ITAlImAM Ayojana thayuM temAM AmaMtraNa. gujarAtanI srIprayojako ane bInanokariyAta vibhAgamAM garIba bahenonA vyavasAya upara zodhapatra rajU karyo ane vizeSa karIne 'sevA' saMsthA upara prakAza paDyo. keseTo paNa batAvelI. A zodhapatra ghaNo vakhaNAyelo. tyAMnAM samAcArapatroe tenI noMdha lIdhI hatI. gujarAta itihAsa pariSadomAM 1995nuM jJAnasatra, pramukha-1997-98 gujarAta itihAsa pariSada gujarAtanA itihAsamAM rasa dharAvanArAone potAnAM saMzodhano, abhyAso, vicAro rajU karavAno maMca pUro pADe che. eka varSe adhivezana to bIjA varSe jJAnasatranA AyojanamAM mahattvanI bhUmikA pUrI pADe che. viSaya niSNAto jJAnasatramAM potAnI abhivyakti rajU karI carcA-vicAraNAnAM vamaLo UbhAM kare che. gujarAta itihAsa pariSadanuM 12muM jJAnasatra muMbaI khAte borIvallImAM Disembara 1995mAM bharAyuM. carcA-prAraMbhanuM vyAkhyAna rajU karavAnI mane taka ApavAmAM AvI hatI. 'strI-itihAsa'mAM sAro evo praveza karyo hato. gujarAtamAM strIonI sAmAjika cetanA aMge kheDANa karavAthI ghaNI bAbatono khyAla sAmAnyapaNe lokomAMnA hoya te vicAro jANavA maLyA. tethI jJAnasatramAM "gujarAtI samAja ane nArIe viSaya meM pasaMda karyo.13 A lekha lakhavAno mukhya hetu hato gujarAtanI sIonI bhUmikA, phALo vividha kSetromAM temaNe Apyo hato tenA upara prakAza pADavo. mArA magajamAM keTalAka prazno ghUMTAtA hatA. 2. 1. gujarAtamAM strIone bahAra lAvavAmAM gAMdhIjInA phALAne ghaNI agatya ApavAmAM Ave che. paraMtu je tvarita gatithI gAMdhIjI kAryaniSTha banI zakyA, srIone kAryarata karI zakyA te zuM ATalA TUMka samayamAM zakya hatuM ? 1915mAM amadAvAda AvyA 1918mAM kheDA satyAgrahamAM bahenonI madada lIdhI hatI. gAMdhIjIe mAtra vAvaNI karI. kheDANa thaI cUkyuM hatuM. A kheDANa karanArAM paribaLo kayAM, koNe kheDANa karyuM. kaI strI-saMsthAo, kayA varganI, temanI samAja-sudhAraNAnI dizA kaI ? temanI sAmAjika cetanA kayA prakAranI hatI ? vagere praznonI carcA "gujarAtI samAja ane nArImAM karI. prastuta lekhamAM 19mI sadImAM strIonI sAmAjika cetanA upara prakAza pADyo. TUMkamAM gAMdhIyuga pahelAM strIonI jAgRti tapAsI. gujarAtamAM sauprathama strI-zikSikAo gaMgAbAI yAjJika, jIvakora, kRSNAgaurI hirAlAla rAvaLa, jamanAbAI paMDitA prathama kakSAnI sAmAjika sudhArako maLI. A strIo gujarAtanAM gAmaDAomAMthI AvatI hatI. gaMgAbAI-mANasA, kRSNagaurI luNAvADA vagere. vijayAlakSmI jevI kaviyatrIo hatI. to kRSNAgaurI gujarAtanI prathama navalakathA "sadguNI hemaMtakumArI" (1999)nI lekhikA hatI. zirIna kAbarAjI, kheDAnI tulasIbAI vagere sI-patrakAro paNa hatI. ghaNAM strImAsiko nIkaLatAM. jANItA sudhAraka mahipatarAma rUparAmanAM patnI pArvatIkuMvara "paraheja"nAmanuM mAsika bahAra pADavAmAM mukhya bhUmikA nibhAvatAM. gaMgAbAI yAjJika, jamanAbAI paMDitA, jIvakora e baMDakhora vidhavAo hatI, jemaNe vidhavA uparanA julmo paDakAryA ane vyavasAI strIpaNAno khyAla sau strIone Apyo. suratanI be vidhavAo bAjIgaurI munzI ane nAnIbena gajjara vidhavA strIonAM jIvana ane kavanamAM zAMtibharI krAnti lAvyAM, vanitA vizrAma, vidhavA sadano, vidhavAgRho kADhyAM, jemAM vidhavAomAM svamAnabhera jIvI zake tevA vyavasAyo zIkhavAtA. Ama ghaNI vakhata puruSa-sudhArako karatAM pathika traimAsika - okTo.-nave.-Dise., 2003 - 21 For Private and Personal Use Only

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judI ja dizA strIsudhArakoe lIdhI. pramukha tarIke : gujarAta itihAsa pariSade mArA ghaDataramAM pramukha bhUmikA nibhAvI. mArI varaNI pramukha tarIke 199798 be varSa mATe thaI. 19muM adhivezana amadAvAda khAte 1997mAM AyojAyuM. mane mArI 37 varSanI kArakirdIno niSkarSa ajamAvavAnI uttama taka ane maMca maLyAM. gujarAtanI UgatI yuvApeDhInA itihAsakAro mArA ubodhananA kendramAM hatA. itihAsa aMgenA badalAtA jatA abhigamo, navA umerAtA jatA viSayo je vartamAna samAjanI jarUriyAta hatI, praNAlikAgata sroto uparAMta itihAsamAM bhUtakALa aMgenA satyazodhananA prayAsamAM madada rUpa evA navA sroto paNa dhyAnamAM levAtA jatA hatA. pariNAme mArA pramukha tarIkenA pravacananuM zIrSaka itihAsanAM parimANo : paDakAro ane dizAo" hatuM. navA viSayo : vartamAna samasyAo jevI ke sAmAjika, dhArmika, rAjakIya vagere mALakhAmAM DhaLelI hoI tenAM mULiyAM bhUtakALa sudhI pAMgarelAM hoya che. te lAMbA gALAnI prakriyA batAve che, jemAM samAjanAM badhAM ja mALakhAMo dhIme gati kare che. Ama phrenca itihAsakAro jene "La historic longeradaree' kahe che ane teo sarvagrAhI sarva pAsAne AvarI le tevA itihAsanI tarapheNa kare che. viSayo TUMko gALo rajU karatA paNa hoya, jemAM banAvo, ghaTanAo, AMdolano tvarita gatithI vahe che paraMtu samAjanA dhArmika, rAjakIya Arthika, sAmAjika mALakhAmAM parivartana jhaDapathI nathI AvatuM. lAMbAgALAnA itihAsamAM pravAhonuM nirdezana karatI vyaktio, saMsthAonI bhUmikA vaNaprichAyelI rahe che. pariNAme history of mentalite sAmAnya mANasanA rojabarojanA jIvana pratyenAM valaNo, strI-puruSanA saMbaMdho, kuTuMba, mAnasika rIte pachAta vyaktio, gunAo, keda, kAyadAo, napuMsaka jAti vagere sAmAjika jIvanane sparzatA viSayo upara saMzodhana thAya che. navI paddhati : jayAre TUMkA gALAnI ghaTanA upara itihAsa saMvAda kare che, tyAre hAlamAM itihAsa kSetre "discourse" vArtAlApa, vivecana, vivaraNa abhigama apanAvAya che. phrenca ane jarmana itihAsakAroe Ano pracAra karyo. hAlamAM navA lakhAtI itihAso - strIo, dalito, AdivAsI vageremAM dilhI, rAjasthAna, uttarapradeza, baMgALa, mahArASTramAM discourseno upayoga karAya che. dA.ta. "satIprathA" upara carcA-vicAraNA karavI hoya to, saMsthAnavAdI Disakorsa, samAjasudhArakonuM vivaraNa, rUDhigata, praNAlikAgata vaidika vArtAlApa, brAhmaNavAdI vivAda, pUrvAtyavAdIonuM maMtavya vagere dhyAnamAM levAvAM joIe. TUMkamAM e viSaya upara je kaMI sAhityamAM lakhAyuM hoya te AvarI levAvuM joIe. mArkasanA bhautika arthaghaTananA khyAlAtmaka mALakhA sAthe sAthe DisakorsamAM vaicArika mALakhAne paNa eTaluM ja prAdhAnya che. vicAronA ghaDataramAM bhASAnI mukhya bhUmikA che. bhASAkIya mALakhA sAthe je kaMI susaMgata hoya teno itihAsanA saMzodhanamAM samAveza thavo joIe. sAmAjika jIvananI abhivyakti badhAM ja mAdhyamo jevAM ke kalA, zilpa, sthApatya, sAhityamAM thAya che jene phrenca philasUpho "sabhyatAnAM pAThyapustako (Cultural texts) kahe che. Ama mAnava kendrita itihAsanA srotonA koI sImADA nathI rahyA. pracAra mAdhyamo paNa mahattvanAM manAya che. pathika * saimAsika - okTo.-nave.-Dise., 2003 22 For Private and Personal Use Only

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www.ko Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir hAlamAM mAruM kAryakSetra-saMzodhana ane discourse abhigama-"strI abhyAso" - "strI-itihAsa" samAjanA vaMcita vargo upara vartamAnamAM itihAsakSetre saMzodhananI jarUriyAta lAgI che. bhAratIya saMskRti saikAothI vikasI che. bhAratIya prAcIna, madhyakAlIna ane arvAcIna itihAsamAM ghaNuM lakhAyuM che. saMskRtinA ghaDataramAM deza, kALanA vikAsamAM ekeeka yugamAM strIoe bhUmikA bhajavI che. paraMtu A bAbata upara keTalo prakAza pheMkAyo che ? khuda itihAsakAronI paNa mAnyatA che ke strIonI bhUmikAnI mAhitI upalabdha nathI, pachI strIoe bhajavelA bhAga upara prakAza kevI rIte pADI zakAya ? paraMtu prayatna karavAthI aneka vigato ane mAhitI maLe che. hAlamAM meM J.C.H.R, "inDiyana kAunsila oNpha hisTorikala rIsarca' nyu dilahI saMsthAnI siniyara rIsarca phelozipa prApta karelI che. mAro projekTa che "strIo ane gujarAtamAM sAmAjika parivartana briTiza kALamAM". mAruM dhyeya strIonI bhUmikA upara prakAza pADavAnuM che. jo strIo pazcAtu bhUmikAmAM rahI to kema ema thayuM te paribaLonI UlaTatapAsa paNa eTalI ja jarUrI bane che. samAjanI ardhI varatI strIonI che. temane viSayavastu banAvavI, kedratA ApavI ane prakAzamAM temanA kAryo, phALAne lAvavAno mukhya hetu che. strI-abhyAsanI samajUtI : Jender Sudies' e navI vikaselI zAkhA che. vizeSa karIne 1970 pachI strI-AMtararASTrIya varSanI ujavaNI bAda, nArI abhyAsa jene kahevAmAM Ave che tene strIvAda-Feminism ke nArIvAda sAthe saMbadha nathI. strI-itihAsa ke nArIabhyAsa kevaLa strIone ja dhyAnamAM laI exclusive strI-abhyAsa kadI thaI zakato nathI paraMtu je puruSoe paNa strIutthAnamAM bhAga bhajavyo hoya te vigatono paNa samAveza thAya. nArI itihAsa kevaLa AgaLa paDatI strIonAM jIvanacaritrano paNa banI zakato nathI. samagra "strIjAtine eka nejA heThaLa nA mUkI zakAya. badhI ja strIonA sAmAnya prazno paNa che paraMtu varga, jJAtinA saMdarbha AdivAsI dalita strIonI samasyAo, temanA samAjamAM temanuM sthAna samAjanI upalAvarganI strIo karatAM alaga hoI zake. strI-itihAsanA saMdarbhe khUba saMkucita khyAla pravarte che - puruSapradhAna samAja sAmenI jhuMbezano itihAsa gaNavAmAM Ave che. paraMtu hakIkatamAM strI-itihAsa eTale strIoe potAne samAjasudhAraNA vize zuM kahevuM hatuM? svAtaMtrya saMgrAma zuM gAMdhIjI cIMdhyA mArge ja teoe bhUmikA bhajavI ? kevaLa pati, bhAI ke putranA sUcananuM ja pAlana karyuM ke kaMIka AgavuM maMtavya, svataMtra kAmagIrI karI ? vagere strIonI daSTithI temanA khyAlathI ghaTanA, banAvone jovAM te strI-itihAsa. strIonA patro, temanI DAyarIo, temanAM lakhANo, lekho, nibaMdho, AtmavRttAnto, temanA viSe puSoe lakhyuM hoya te - A badhA sroto strI itihAsano pAyo che, kevaLa varNanAtmaka hevAla, strI kaI sAlamAM janmI, mRtyu pAmI ke A-bA kAryo karyA sIitihAsanI imArata sarjato nathI. Disakorsa abhigama nArI itihAsanI navI dizA kholI che. atyAra sudhI "sI" eTale puruSoe vyAkhyA ApI che. phenca, jarmana, yuropanA cI-abhyAsuo kahe che ke ligabheda kudaratI che paraMtu A liMgabheda'strI ane puruSanI bhedarekhAne vistRta karavAmAM sAMskRtika, sAmAjika, bhaugolika, rAjakIya, aitihAsika badhAM ja paribaLoe agatyano bhAga bhajavyo che. strIonA UtaratA darajajAne A paribaLoe nakkI karyo. strIonuM halakuM sthAna rAkhavAmAM A paribaLoe zo bhAga bhajavyo enuM vizleSaNa karavuM strI-abhyAsano hetu che. pathika * saimAsika - okTo.-nave.-Dise., 2003 * 23 For Private and Personal Use Only

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DisakADarsa - vArtAlApa, vivaraNa-prathA rUDhigata, aitihAsika parimANo paDakArI bhASA, vaicArika bhUmikA, sAhitya, philma vagere mAdhyamonA grotone, meDikala hevAlo vagerene prAdhAnya Ape che. strIonAM lakhANo, vRttAMto, DAyarI, patro vagere sroto para bhAra mUke che. Ama mAro viSaya saMsthAna yugamAM gujarAtamAM strIonI bhUmikAmAM strI-samAja sudhArako, temanI vicArasaraNI, strI-patrakAro, saMsthAo, muslima ane pArasI strIonA gujarAtanA sAmAjika parivartana aMge prakAza pADe che. AdivAsI lokasAhityamAM vyakta thatI strIonI sAmAjika cetanA, strIonA kAyadAo, AMdolanone AvarI leto abhyAsa rajU karyo che. vizeSa karIne 19mI ane 20mI sadInI gujarAtanI strIonI bhUmikA carcA che. "Unknown Voices : Women and Social change in Gujarat' e zIrSaka heThaLa pustaka taiyAra thaI rahyuM che. hAlamAM gujarAta yunivarsiTIe anusnAtaka kakSAe itihAsamAM "strI itihAsa" upara pepara abhyAsakramamAM dAkhala karyuM che. tethI gujarAtImAM "nArI cetanAno itihAsa" lakhI rahI chuM. nArI itihAsa uparanA lekhonI yAdI pAdanoMdha 15 thI ApelI che. pAdanoMdho 1. zirIna mahetA, dhI pejhanTrI enDa nezanAlijhama : e kesa sTaDI oNpha bAraDolI satyAgraha (manohara pablikezana, nyu dilhI, 1984). 2. zirIna mahetA, "dhI grotha oNpha bhAvanagara porTa- 1723-1896, kvArTaralI rIvyu oNpha hisTorikala sTaDIjha, kalakattA, jAnyu-mArca, 1983, graMtha 22, naM. 4 pAnA 30-37 3. dhI mahAjansa enDa dhI bIjhanesa komyuniTIjha oNpha amadAvAda, vijendra tripAThI, saMpAdaka, bIjhanesa komyuniTIjha oNpha iMDiyA', (nyu dilhI, 1984) pAnA. 173-183. kanTinyuiTI enDa ceInja Ina arabana insTiTyuzana : e kesa sTaDI opha maskatI klotha mahAjana opha ahemadAvAda 1906-1947', makaranda mahetA saMpAdaka, arabanAIjhezana ina vesTarna iMDiyA : hisTorikala paraspekTiva (amadAvAda, 1988) pAnA 175-189. 4. "sozyala bekagrAunDa oNpha svadezI muvamenTa ina gujarAta, 1875-1908' Vidya, Gujarat Univer sity, amadAvAda, jAnyuArI 1981, graMtha 24, naM. 1 pAnA. 31-46. 5. paijhaTsa osarazana ina gujarAta enDa kvITa iMDiyA muvamenTa. Nineteen Forty Two' "sAmIpya' : eprila 91 - mArca graMtha 9, naM. 1-2, pAnA 74-80, 1992. 6. dhI kAsTa sIsTama enDa dhI sozyala riphorma muvamenTa ina gujarAta ina nAinaTIntha securI jarnala oNpha dhI gujarAta rIsarca sosAyaTI", muMbaI, okTobara 1965, graMtha 27, pAnA 315-20. 'e sTaDI oNpha prekTisa oNpha slevarI vitha spezyala repharansa Tu gujarAta' jarnala opha gujarAta rIsarca sosAyaTI, muMbaI, jAnyuArI, eprila, julAI, okTobara 1966, naM. 1-4, pAnA. 74-79, 8. "dakSiNa gujarAtanA pATIdAro ane anAvilonI jJAti-sudhAraNAnI dizA' "sAmIpya", amadAvAda, okTobara-Disembara, 1988, naM. 1-2 9. "sozyala kaoNnDayasanesa opha AdivAsIjha oNpha sAutha gujarAta : e kesa sTaDI oNpha dhera pholka liTarecara', 'prosIDiMgsa oNpha dhI iDiyana hisTarI keMgresa', govA yunivarsiTI, govA, 1987, 48 suvarNa jayaMtI zbrd aMka. 10, "gujarAta poliTiksa ona dha iva opha dha pheMgresa sezana opha surata, 1907', prosIDiMgsa oNpha dhI pathika * vaimAsika - okTo.-nave.-Dise.2003 * 24 For Private and Personal Use Only

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iMDiyana hisTarI kaeNoNMgresa, bodhagayA, 1981, 42muM adhivezana, pAnA. 451-55. 11. 'akabara ejha rIphlekTeDa ina dhI konTempo2rI jaina liTarecara' iphtadAra AlamakhAna, saMpAdaka : ''akabara enDa hisa eIja'' (inDiyana kAunsila oNpha hisTorikala rIsarca, 1999) sIrIjha-5, pAnA. 223 239. 12. 'phroma spArka Tu phleIma : paTela, gAMdhI enDa dhI gujarAta kaoNMgresa'''sAmIpya'', graMtha 27, naM. 1-2, eprila-sapTembara, 2000, pAnA. 61-69. 13. 'gujarAtI samAja ane nArI', gujarAta itihAsa pariSada, 12muM jJAnasatra, Disembara, 1995, muMbaI pAnA. 1-16 . 14. 'itihAsanAM parimANo : paDakAro ane dizAo' pramukhanuM pravacana, gujarAta itihAsa pariSada, 19muM adhivezana, amadAvAda (22-23 mArca, 1997, pAnA. 1-16). 15. 'dhI rola oNpha vImena ina pejhanTa muvamenTa oNpha gujarAta : e sTaDI ina gAMdhiana pheijha 1915-30' "dhI IMDiyana hisTorikala rIvyu', nyU dilhI, julAI, 1985-jAnyu. 1986, graMtha-12, 1-2, pAnA. 164-172. 16. 'phrIDama, sTragala eNnDa gujarAtI vImena eNjha grAsarUTa varkarsa enDa satyAgrahijha - 1915-1930', navAjha bI. modI, saMpAdaka : vImena ina iMDiyAjha phrIDama sTragala" (elAIDa pablizara limiTeDa, muMbaI, 2000) pAnA. 185-192. 17. 'kanTinyuiTI TreDizana enDa ceInja ina vImensa DevalamenTa : e kesa sTaDI oNpha sevA 1972-1996', Ara. zrInivAsana, uSA Thakkara, pAma rAjaputa, saMpAdako : ''puSpAMjali', esejha ona gAMdhiana thIma ina onara oNpha DaoN. uSA mahetA (daivIkA pablikezana, dilhI, 1999) pAnA. 413-428 18. 'kaunTribyuzana oNpha gujarAtI vImena ina jarnAlijhama 1850-1915' ''sAmIpya', graMtha 13, naM. 1 2, eprila-sapTembara, 1996 19. 'kRSNAgaurI hIrAlAla rAvala : gujarAtanI prathama mahilA navalakathAkAra ane samAja sudhAraka' ''kumAra'', julAI, 1995. 20. 'gujarAtanI samAja sudhAraNAmAM pArvatIkuMvara (1830-1876)no phALo' ''kumAra'", me, 1997. 21. 'svataMtratAnAM AMdolanomAM srIoe bhajavelA bhAganuM vizleSaNa', je.DI.zukla saMpAdaka : 'Adhunika yugamAM bhAratano nArI-samAja" (AzISa pablIkezana, ANaMda, 1990) pAnA. 25-33. 22. 'jUnI keDIo, navAM caDhANo' DaoN. krumanabahena dIvAnajI, DaoN. prIti zAha, DaoN. caMdrikA rAvala, saMpAdako : ''sI siddhinAM sopAno" (gujarAta strI keLavaNI maMDaLa), amadAvAda. 23. 'vImena imejIsa eNjha rIphalekTeDa ina dhI leITa nAinTIntha sencyurI gujarAtI liTarecara', pratibhA jaina, saMpAdaka : vImena ImejIsa ina iMDiyA' (rAvata pablikezana, jayapura, 1993), pAnA 186-197, 24. 'dhI rola oNpha pArasI vImena ina zeriMga dhI kalcarala kAunTursa oNpha gujarAta' inDo-IrAna pariSada 2002, gujarAta vidyApITha, amadAvAdamAM pepara rajU karyuM hatuM. 25. 'kacchI vImena ina kogniTo : rIeprejhala oNpha mahArAja lAyabala kesa- 1862', kaccha upara mahArAjA sayAjIrAva yunivarsiTI, vaDodarA khAte Ayojita 2001mAM seminAramAM pepara rajU karyuM hatuM. pathika traimAsika - okTo.-nave,-Dise., 2003 0 25 For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhAratanA mahAna purAvida paMDita bhagavAnalAla indrajI DaoN. bhAratI zelata bhAratanA mahAna purAtattvavida paMDita bhagavAnalAla indrajIno janma jUnAgaDhamAM saMvata 1896mAM kArtika sudi 3 (7 navembara, 1839)nA divase jUnAgaDhamAM praznorA nAgara brAhmaNa jJAtimAM thayo hato. moTA bhAI karuNAzaMkara vyAkaraNa ane vedAMtazAstranA vidvAna hatA. bIjA bhAI raghunAtha (rUganAthajI) vaidya hatA. emaNe vaidyakIya auSadhono paricaya Apato nighaMTusaMgraha saM. 1893 (I.sa. 1836-37)mAM prakaTa karyo. bhagavAnalAla sahuthI nAnA hatA. paM. bhagavAnalAla AraMbhamAM gAmaThI zALAmAM bhaNyA. paraMtu saMskRta ane vaidakanuM jJAna emaNe potAnA pitA indrajI pAsethI meLavyuM. saMskRta bhASA samajavAnI sArI zakti bhagavAnalAla meLavI hatI ane saMskRtavidyAno vyAsaMga cAlu rAkhyo hato. A vidyAno ja emanI prAcIna zodhakhoLomAM moTo AdhAra hato. A samaye jUnAgaDhamAM aMgrejInuM zikSaNa dAkhala thayeluM na hovAthI svAbhAvika temanuM lakSya e tarapha dorAyuM nahIM. nAnapaNathI ja bhagavAnalAla giranAranA zailalekho kutUhalathI nihALatA. e lekhonI lipi paricita nahIM hovAthI e zilAlekho ukelavA agharA hatA. chatAM divase divase bhagavAnalAlanI jijJAsA vadhatI cAlI. 1854mAM kAThiyAvADanA e samayanA paoNliTikala ejanTa le. karnala leMgane A zilAlekhonuM ghaNuM AkarSaNa hatuM. AthI emaNe jemsa prinsepane azokanA abhilekhonI nakala utarAvI mokalI hatI. karnala laMge jUnAgaDhanA nAgara maNizaMkara kIkANIne prinsepe 1838mAM chapAvela pAlI mULAkSarovALuM eka pAnuM ApyuM. e pAnuM bhagavAnalAlane batAvyuM ane temaNe telamAM boLelA pAtaLA kAgaLane mULa chApelA kAgaLa upara dabAvI nakala lIdhI. A pache paMDite pAlI lipinA akSaro ghUMTavA mAMDyA. A zokha ane saMzodhananuM pariNAma e AvyuM ke paM. bhagavA rudradAmAno lekha vAMcavA lAgyA, chatAM tene saMpUrNapaNe ukelI zakyA nahIM. kAraNake teo A lipinA joDAkSara ane mAtrAothI paricita na hatA. vadhu abhyAsa mATe A lipine lagatA muMbaI, baMgAla, greTabriTananI eziyATika sosAyaTInAM jarnalo maMgAvyAM. ane abhyAsa AgaLa vadhAryo. A lipinuM saMpUrNa jJAna meLavavA temaNe zilAlekhonI eka evI nakala taiyAra karAvI, jemAM brAhmI lipinA dareka dareka akSara nIce tenuM livyaMtara mUkyuM. Ama eka eka akSara chUTo paDavA mAMDyo. ane samayAMtare lipimAM thayelo pheraphAra bhagavAnalAlane jaNAI Avyo. A rIte taiyAra karelI nakalathI pharI vAra rudradAmAno lekha vAMcyo. paM. bhagavAnalAlano utkIrNa lekhavAcanano zokha vadhato gayo. ane AvA lekho vAMcavAthI lipi upara kAbU Avato gayo. karnala laMga paMDitajInA paricayamAM AvyA ane emanA A lipi ukelanA kAryathI prabhAvita thaIne paMDitajIne potAno 'nAno purAvida kahetA. karnala leMganA kAThiyAvADamAMthI gayA bAda eNlekajhAMDara kinalaoNka phaoNrbe paMDitajIne e kAmamAM ghaNI sAyatA karI. phorbsa 1856mAM gujarAtano itihAsa AlekhanArI "rAsamALA" lakhI hatI. AthI muMbaImAM purAtattvanAM anveSaNanA kAmamAM DaoN. bhAudAjIne saMzodhanakAryamAM madada karavA 18daramAM bhagavAnalAlane muMbaI bolAvyA. bhagavAnalAla bhAudAjIne guru mAnatA. bhAudAjIe A UgatA purAvidano paricaya jasTisa nyUTana sAthe karAvyo. nyUTana royala eziyATika sosAyaTInI muMbaI zAkhAnA pramukha hatA. teo kSatrapa vaMza para potAno nibaMdha taiyAra karatA hatA. paMDitajIe potAnI pAsenA 60 kSatrapa sikkAo batAvyA. 5. bhagavAnalAle giranAranA maurya kSatrapa ane gupta zilAlekhonI pote taiyAra karelI nakala DaoN. * niyAmaka, bho.je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda pathika * saimAsika - okTo.-nave.-Dise., 2003 0 26 For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhAudAjIne ApI. ane sAbita karI ApyuM ke atyAra sudhI thayelI A zilAlekhonI badhI ja nakalo azuddha che. jUnAgaDhanA A abhilekhonA kAmathI DaoN. bhAudAjIne eTalo badho saMtoSa thayo ke temaNe bhagavAnalAlane muMbaI kAyama AvavA AmaMtraNa ApyuM ane sane 1862nA eprilanI 24mI e bhagavAnalAla muMbaI AvyA. A beu paMDitono uddeza dezanA prAcIna avazeSonI zodha karavI ane bhAratanA pramANabhUta itihAsa saMbaMdhI jJAnanI maryAdAone vistAravI e hato. 1862nA me nI 19mI tArIkhe ajantAnA lekhonI nakala karavA mATe muMbaIthI prayANa karyuM ane tyAM jaI dhIraja ane khaMtathI ajantAnI guphAnA 23 abhilekhonI nakala karI. 1863mAM nAsika, kArlA, bhAjA, bhaMDAra, junnara, ane nAnA ghATanA abhilekhonI nakalo bhagavAnalAle karI. jesalameranA graMthabhaMDAra tapAsavA ane kImatI hastapratonI nakala karavA mokalyA. DaoN. bhAudAjInA zabdomAM 'hiMdustAnanA judA judA bhAgomAM meM karelI musApharIothI mane nizcaya thayo che ke pratyeka zilAlekhanI ane varSo pahelAM chapAyela pratyeka tAmrapatranI pharI tapAsAIne nakala thavAnI jarUra che ane jUnAM maMdiro vageremAM seMkaDo abhilekho hajI vaNaUkalyA paDyA che, je bhagavAnalAla jevA niSNAta dvArA tapAsAya to itihAsa ane purAvidyA upara prakAza nAMkhe evI mane khAtarI che. 1866mAM hAthI guphAnA abhilekhonI nakala DaoN. bhAudAjI mATe karI hovAnuM lIDananI 1883nI orianTala kaoNnpharansamAM bhagavAnalAle vAMcelA niMbadhamAM jaNAvyuM hatuM. 1868mAM samudraguptanA alAhAbAda zilAstaMbha lekhanI nakala utArI. alAhAbAdathI teo banArasa bhiTArI, mathurA ane dilhI gayA. bhiTArI ane mathurAmAM jUnA abhilekhonI nakalo karI. Ama 35 jeTalA utkIrNa lekhonI nakalo, prAcIna sikkA ane prAcInatAnI dRSTie amUlya vastuo kharIdI 1869mAM muMbaI parata AvyA. 1871 nA AraMbhathI purAvidyAnI yAtrA mATe bhagavAnalAle prayAso karavA mAMDyA ane DaoN. bhAudAjInA prayatnone pariNAme jUnAgaDha rAjye be varasa sudhI rU. 200nA mAsika pagArathI rAkhyA. 1870-71 daramyAna temaNe khaMDavA, oMkArezvara, ujjaina bAghanI guphAo, dhAra, mAMDugaDha, iMdora, sAMcI, zatadhara, pIpaLIA, udayagiri, bhIlasA, udepura, eraNa, banArasa, prayAga, gaDavA, dilhI, daherAduna, kAlI, virATa, mathurA ane gvAliyarano pravAsa karyo. DaoN. bhAudAjI sAthenAM emanAM 14 varSa emAM paMDitajIno utkIrNa lekhavAcanano vikAsa ane prabhutva-enAM mULa jaDI Ave che. paMDitajInuM svAbhAvika valaNa purAtattva taraphanuM, paNa emAM rahelI truTio sudhAravAmAM DaoN. bhAudAjIno mukhya hAtha hato. paM. bhagavAnalAlanA UgatA jIvanamAM DaoN. bhAudAjI jevA agraNI purAvidanA bahoLA abhyAsano lAbha maLyo. paM. bhagavAnalAlane sAmAnya abhyAsumAMthI mahAna purAvida banAvavAnuM mAna DaoN. bhAudAjIne ghaTe che; emAM be mata nathI. sikkAono saMgraha sane 1861 pahelAMthI bhagavAnalAle karavA mAMDyo hato. aitihAsika saMzodhananA lekhomAM emaNe sikkAono ghaNo upayoga karyo hato. pazcimI kArramaka kSatrapa cATananA be sikkA temanI pAse hatA. bhAratIya yavana rAjA eNpoloDoTasano trAMbAno sikko maLyo che jenA agrabhAga upara Basileos Basileon Sotter Apolodotus pRSTha bhAgamAM kharoSThI - prAkRta lakhANa che maddaranasa vratarasa apAvatasa evuM lakhANa che. nahapAna ane IzvaradattanA sikkA paNa temaNe vAMcyA che. bhagavAnalAlanA 'pazcimI kSatrapo vizenA lekhanuM temanA mRtyu bAda saMpAdana karanAra sikkAzAsrI repsane jaNAvyuM, 'paM. bhagavAnalAlano lekha hajI to A viSaya saMbaMdhe samagra rIte jotAM uttama ane saMpUrNa mAhitI Ape che.' temanA kaeNTaloganI prastAvanAmAM lakhe che ke 'bhAratIya sikkAzAstranA abhyAsI tarIke, mahAna bhAratIya vidvAna paM. bhagavAnalAla indrajInA kAryanuM mArA upara je RNa che teno namra svIkAra karyA vagara rahI zakuM nahIM. A pustakanAM pAnAM pheravavAthI teNe je pAyo sArI rIte ane sAcI rIte nAMkhyo hato, ghaNe bhAge tenA upara pathika traimAsika - okTo.-nave.-Dise., 2003 0 27 For Private and Personal Use Only

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meM imArata bAMdhI che, e tarata dekhAze saMzodhananA pratidina bhAre jhaDapathI AgaLa vadhye jatA viSayamAM repsanano RNasvIkAra bhagavAnalAlanI zaktino sacoTa khyAla Ape che. purAvidyAnI eka zAkhA. ukhananathI zodhakhoLanIe temAM noMdha levA jevuM bhagavAnalAle eka ja sopArAnA utnanananuM kArya karyuM che. paraMtu e eka ja kArya emanI e dizAmAM sarasa zakti siddha karI ApI che. 188ranA isTara tahevAromAM mAtra cAra divasa jeTalA TUMkA samayamAM kareluM. A ukhananane pariNAme je bauddha avazeSo maLyA tenAthI mAtra bhArata ane yuropanA vidvAnomAM ja nahi paNa muMbaInA jainomAM ane silonanA bauddhomAM bhAre jAgRti AvI. sopArAmAMthI azokanA AThamA zilAlekhano eka truTita kaTako zodhIne tathA pote zodhelA sUpamAMthI ane bIjI upalabdha mAhitI ekaThI karIne zUrpAraka nAme prasiddha prAcIna sthaLanA itihAsa para prathamavAra prakAza pADyo hato. 1876thI 5. bhagavAnalAle jAhera pravRttimAM bhAga levA mAMDyo. emanAM cAra zodhapatro bomba brAnca epha royala eziyATika sosAyaTInA jarnalamAM pragaTa thayA. gujarAta-mALavAnA gardhayA sikkA' e emano prathama nibaMdha hato. enI sAthe dhAravADa jillAmAMthI maLelAM tAMbAnAM be vAsaNo jenA para hAlA kaherI bhASAmAM lekha hatA ane je 7 mI - 8 mI sadInA hatA. tenA para lakhelI noMdha paNa rajU karI hatI. 'utkIrNa lekhonI nakala. livyaMtara ane bhASAntaranuM punaH avalokana' prAcIna nAgarI lipimAM aMkasaMkhyA ane kaherI guphAnA eka zilAlekhathI prabhUtyonA eka navA rAjA para prakAza' jevA lekho paNa temaNe vAMcyA hatA. 1877mAM bhagavAnalAle A lojikala sarvenAM kAma sAthe Cave Temples of the Westem India nuM kAma Do. barjesa sAthe cAlu karyuM ane Do. buhare "prAcIna nAgarI aMkasaMkhyAnA paMDitajInA lekhano aMgrejImAM anuvAda karyo ane inDiyana enTikverInA jarnalamAM DaoN. barjese chapAvyo. 1878mAM paM. bhagavAnalAle baoNmbe gejheTiyaramAM prAcIna itihAsa AlekhananuM kArya upADI lIdhuM ane nepALanA zilAlekhonI nakala parathI tenuM lisvaMtara ane gujarAtI anuvAda karavAnuM kArya zarU karyuM. A lekho 1880nA inDiyana enTikvarImAM pragaTa thayAM. laMDana myujhiyamanA sesila benDAle A lekhanI khUba prazaMsA karI ane bhagavAnalAlane maLavA bhArata AvyA tathA nepALano pravAsa karyo. 1881mAM paM. bhagavAnalAlanI mahenatanA paripAka rUpe Cave Temples of Western India pustaka pragaTa thayuM. jemAMnA badhA lekhonI nakala, limaMtara ane bhASAMtara paMDitajIe ja taiyAra karela hatAM. nepALanA itihAsa para vicAraNA', "rASTrakUTonA itihAsanuM saMzodhana', 'saikUTaka ane koMkaNanA zilAhAra vaMzanA itihAsa ane gujarAtanA gurjaro ane cAlukyonA itihAsa para DaoN. bhagavAnalAle navo prakAza pADyo. gujarAtano itihAsa lakhavAnI ghaNI sAmagrI bhagavAnalAla pAse varSothI hatI. kSatraponuM prakaraNa 1882 pahelAM zarU karyuM ane e pUrNa thatAM dakSiNa gujarAtanA cAlukyo ane rASTrakUTo vize tathA saikUTako vize noMdhelA lekho dvArA carcA karI. gupta-valabhInA rAjAonuM prakaraNa taiyAra karyA pachI cAvaDAo vize lakhANa lakhyuM. 188ramAM bhagavAnalAle muMbaI pAsenA sopArAmAM zodha karatAM azokano zilAlekha ane buddhano sUpa zodhI kADhayA ane parAvidomAM eka navI carcA jagADI. bombe gejheTiyaranA graMthanA vibhAgamAM Thana, a place of Interest mo. thANenAM jANavAlAyaka sthaLo pragaTa thayAM, jemAM utkIrNa lekho ane prAcIna itihAsa paM. bhagavAnalAle taiyAra karyo hato. muMbaI yunivarsiTIe A ja varSe temane phelo tarIke nImI emano purAtattvanA jJAnanI yogya kadara karI. 1883mAM lIDanamAM bharAyelI "inTaranezanala konpharansa opha orienTAliTsamAM hAthIguMphA ane udayagi guphAnA traNa zilAlekho' vize taiyAra karela nibaMdhane DaoN. piTarasane rajU karyo ane bhAratanAM zodhapatromAM zreSTha gaNAyo. bhagavAnalAle hAthIguphAnA ane bIjA abhilekho vAMcIne dezanA dhArmika ItihAsanI suMdara sevA karI che. 1883mAM nedharalenDasa inDiyAnA phAilolaoNjI. jyogrAphI ane ethanolojInA royala InsTiTyUTanA borDa pathika * saimAsika - okTo.-nave.-Dise., 2003 - 28 For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhagavAnalAla potAnI saMsthAnA paradezI sabhya banAvyA. paM. bhagavAnalAlanA jJAnathI prabhAvita thaI laMDananI 'hega royala insTiTyUTe' emane potAnA videzI sabhya tarIke cUMTI kADhyA ane emanA apAra jJAnanI kadara karI. pAMDunI guphAvALA lekhane vAMcyA pachI DaoN. meksa myUlare paM. bhagavAnalAlanuM sAcuM mUlyAMkana karatAM 3011-1883nA patramAM lakhyuM, tame je ati UMcA prakAranuM purAtattvAnveSaNanuM kAma karyuM che te mATe abhinaMdana ane mane AzA che ke tene tame AgaLa vadhArazo. DaoN. bhAudAjInuM avasAna e eka moTI khoTa che. paraMtu tenA kAryane AgaLa vadhAravAne ane tenI jagyA pUravAne tame lAyaka cho. mArI dRSTie apAra jJAna karatAM ye tame tamArI jAtane eka prAmANika abhyAsI, saceta vidvAna tarIke puravAra karI che ane mArI najaramAM game teTalI vidyA karatAM e guNa vizeSa mahattvano che. 1884mAM temaNe bAmbe gejheTiyara mATe gujarAtano prAcIna itihAsa taiyAra karyo. inDiyana enTikvarI (vo. 13, pR. 411)mAM 'nepALanAM itihAsa vize vicAraNA', 'gujarAtanuM tAmrapatra', 'dharasenano tAmralekha', 'bhitarI kIrtistaMbha lekhanuM livyaMtara ane anuvAda' jarnala oNpha dha bAmbe brAnca oNpha rAyala eziyATika sosAyaTImAM prasiddha karyo. A ja varSanA AraMbhamAM lIDananI yunivarsiTIe paM. bhagavAnalAlanI sevAonuM mUlya AMkI pIeca.DI.nI mAnavaMtI padavI ApI. A uparAMta greTabriTana ane AyarlenDanI royala eziyATika sosAyaTInA mAnada sabhya nimAyA. 1886mAM kAThiyAvADanA darabAroe potAnA pratinidhi tarIke DaoN. bhagavAnalAlane viyenAmAM bharAyelI 'inTaranezanala konpharansa eka orieMnTalisTasa'mAM pratinidhi tarIke mokalavAno nirNaya karyo. paraMtu nAdurasta tabiyatanA kAraNe teo jaI zakyA nahIM. chatAM 'be navAM caulukya tAmrapatra' vize zodhapatra mokalI ApyuM. 1887mAM temane DaoNkTara phalojha'nuM mAnada pada enAyata thayuM. 1888nA mArca mAsanI 16mI tArIkhe bhAratanA sauthI mahAna abhilekhavida DaoN. bhagavAnalAle A kSaNabhaMgura dehano tyAga karyo. A vakhate emanI uMmara 48 varSa, 4 mAsa ane 10 divasanI hatI. sArAye saMzodhanajagatamAM aMdhakAra chavAI gayo. ane bhAratanA prAcIna itihAsanI aneka AzAo naSTa thaI. DaoN. bhagavAnalAla eka mahAna purAvida hatA, tevA ja niSNAta vaidya paNa hatA. potAnA saMzodhana aMgenA pravAsomAM jaMgalo ane guphAomAM ghUmatA hatA tyAre paNa teo potAnA vaidakanA abhyAsane bhUlatA nahIM ane prApya pratyeka vanaspatino bArIka abhyAsa karatA. vanaspatine kema pArakhavI, judA judA dezomAM enuM zuM nAma che ane kayA kayA roga para e vaparAya che tenI noMdha karavI vagere bAbatonuM zikSaNa temanA ziSyo zrI yakRSNa indrajI ane tirAma durgArAma mahetAe emanI pAsethI meLavyuM hatuM. DaoN. bhagavAnalAla indrajI mAtra bhAratanA ja nahIM paraMtu samagra yuropanA dezonA eka mahAna abhilekhavida ane purAvida hatA. emaNe purAtattvAnveSaNanI dareke dareka dizA kheDI hatI ane vizvajjagatamAM mAnabharyuM sthAna prApta karyuM hatuM. e samayanA lipiniSNAtomAM agraNI hatA. eka prakhara sikkAzAstrI tarIke temaNe sikkAonA gahana abhyAsa dvArA kSatrapa, AMdhrabhRtya, valabhI jevA aneka vaMzonA itihAsa para prakAza pADyo che. prAcIna vastunirIkSaNanA viSayamAM DaoN. bhagavAnalAlano abhyAsa UMDo hato. eTaluM ja nahIM emanI potAnI pAse eka sAro evo saMgraha hato. emanuM ghara eka nAnuM myujhiyama hatuM. iTAlInA kAunTa enArlane iTAlInA myujhiyama mATe thoDI vastuo bheTa ApI hatI. prAcIna sAhityano emano abhyAsa bahoLo hato. hastalikhita graMthono khajAno emanI pAse hato. e uparAMta emane jesalameranA je hastalikhita graMtho jovA maLyA hatA eno upayoga emaNe potAnAM lakhANomAM karyo che, jemAM sahuthI majabUta purAvo emaNe potAnA pathika - traimAsika - okTo.-nave.-Dise., 2003 0 29 For Private and Personal Use Only

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mUlyavAna nibaMdhonI pAdanoMdhomAM upayoga karelo che. DaoN. bhagavAnalAle temanI hayAtImAM ja vasiyatanAmuM banAvyuM hatuM. emanI jIvanamUDIno mUlyavAna bhAga temanA saMzodhana mATe kheDelA pravAsomAM prApta karela utkIrNa lekho, sikkAo, hastalikhita graMtho ane purAtattvane lagatI vastuo hatI. emAM emanA hastalikhita graMtho royala eziyATika sosAyaTInI muMbaI zAkhAne e zarate ApavA jaNAvyuM ke temanA guru DaoN. bhAudAjInA kabATanI bAjumAM bIjA kabATamAM mUkavAmAM Ave ane tenA upara rAjIno ziSya bhagavAnalAla indrajI ema lakhavAmAM Ave. 700 karatAM paNa vadhu sikkAono saMgraha briTiza myujhiyamane evI zarate Ape ke te DaoN, bhagavAnalAlanA nAme alaga muke. A uparAMta zilAlekho ane tAmrapatro je emanI mAlikInAM nathI te tenA mULa mAlikane parata karavAM ane bAkInAM briTiza myujhiyamane tenI noMdha myujhiyamanA pustakamAM thAya e zarate bheTa ApavAM. siMhAkAra staMbhanA lekha mATe DaoN. bhagavAnalAle myujhiyamanA kyureTarane khAsa sUcanA karI hatI. A siMhAkAra staMbha para bekTro-pAlimAM lekha hovAthI koI lAkaDA ke paththaranI pATa para enA parano lekha spaSTa vAMcI zakAya e rIte goThave. A pachI potAnA tamAma chapAyelA graMtho muMbaInI neTiva janarala lAibrerIne bheTa ApyA hatA. A uparAMta pravAsanoMdhonAM pAkA baMdhAvelA 24 graMtho paNa A lAibrerIne ApyA. DaoN. bhagavAnalAlanA samakAlIna bhAratIya ane yuropanA vidvAnonAM saMsmaraNomAMthI temanA sAcA vyaktitvano paricaya thAya che. muMbaInI raoNyala eziyATika sosAyaTInA te samayanA maMtrI sarjana koDiMgTane lakhyuM che, "huM paM. bhagavAnalAla pAsethI hiMdustAnanI sarva bAbato' - itihAsa, prAcIna ane arvAcIna rUDhio tathA rItabhAta, kArIgarI ane udyogo, dezI vaidaka, dharma, jJAtio ane e uparAMta jenA mATe teo prakhyAta hatA te purAvidyA e sarva vize kAMika kAMika zIkhyo chuM." DaoN. buhulare noMdhyuM che : "mANaso ane vastuo upara TIkA karavAmAM bhagavAnalAla niSpakSapAtI ane nyAyI hatA. bIjAonA guNonI kadApi adekhAI nahotA karatA. bIjAonA kAryamAM tathA svabhAvamAM je kAMI prazasya hoya teno niHsaMkoca svIkAra karatA. khoTA dezAbhimAnathI potAnI vivekabuddhine TUMkAvA detA nahi. sAhitya, itihAsa ke bhASA saMbaMdhI vicAromAM matabheda UThatAM emanI carcAo haMmezAM saMyamI ane saujanyayukta rahetI." ro. karnanA zabdo che : "bhAratIya utkIrNa lekhavidyAmAM atizaya mUlyavAna arpaNa karIne tame vidyAnI je sevA karI che tenI A rIte khAsa kadara thatAM tamane hRdayapUrvaka abhinaMdana ApyA vinA rahI zakato nathI, amArI lIDananI yunivarsiTInI seneTanI onararI pIeca.DI. DigrIthI tamane khAtarI thaze ke tamArA potAnA deza karatAM yuropamAM tamArA kAryonI ochI kadara nathI thatI.' Ama DaoN. bhagavAnalAle potAnI 27-28 varSanI purAtattvAnveSaNanI ArAdhanA karatAM karatAM prAcIna bhAratanA itihAsa ane aitihAsika bhUgoLa para prakAza pADyo che ane saMzodhananI navI dizAo uddaghATita karI ApI che. e mahAna purAvide mAtra gujarAtanA ja nahIM, prAcIna bhAratanA itihAsanI imArata paddhatisara caNI ApI che. e prAcIna taiyAra thayelI imAratane vadhu majabUta banAvavAnuM kArya purAtattvakSetre saMzodhana karanAra abhyAsIonuM che, jemaNe dIvAdAMDI samAna DaoN. bhagavAnalAle cIMdhelA rAhe AgaLa dhapI prAcIna itihAsa ane ApaNA prAcIna vArasAne jIvaMta rAkhIne ujAgara karavAno che. pathika * trimAsika - okTo.-nave.-Dise., 2003 * 30 For Private and Personal Use Only

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sara jadunAtha (dUnAtha) sarakAra (1870-1958)* bI. ena. gAMdhI "Good historians may be born but true historians are made." (G.R.Elton) Do. subodhakumAra mukhopAdhyAya temanA pIeca.DI. nA mahAnibaMdha "Evolution of Historiography in Modern India.mAM jadunAtha sarakAranuM mUlyAMkana karatAM lakhe che, "Jadu Nath Sarkar was not a born good historian but a true historian made." jIvana parvatanA satata parizrama ane kArya pratyenI niSThAnA pariNAme te eka sAcA itihAsakAra banI zakyA hatA. bhAratIya itihAsakAronA agresara, mAnada DI.liTa.nI padavIthI sammAnita, muMbaInI royala eziyATIka sosAyaTI vagere pratiSThita saMsthAonA mAnada sabhyanuM bahumAna prApta karanAra ane mughala-marAThA yugathI saMbaMdhita aneka maulika graMthonA racayitA sara jadunAtha sarakAra - 'bhAratIya gIbanano janma 10 Disembara, 1870nA roja eka saMskArI ane zrImaMta baMgALI kAyastha parivAramAM thayo hato. mughala ItihAsa saMbaMdhI aneka mULabhUta sAdhanonI- jemake "InazA-e-hasta aMjumana (jayasiMha-auraMgajheba vacceno patra vyavahAra), mirjhA nAthananuM bahurIstAna-e-veIlI, 17/18 mI sadInA aneka patro vagere - zodha karanAra "mughala itihAsanA kolambasa jadunAtha sarakAre pitA rAjakumAra ane mAtA harisuMdarI pAsethI dIrdhAyu prApta karI lagabhaga 60 varSa sudhI bhAratIya itihAsanI prazasya sevA karI hatI. prAraMbhika kArakirdI : jadunAthe prAthamika zikSaNa baMgALanA rAjAzAhI jillAmAM Avela potAnA gAma karImArImAM lIdhuM hatuM. rAjAzAhInI mAdhyamika skUlamAMthI meTrIka thayA bAda ucca zikSaNa kalakattAmAM lIdhuM hatuM. aMgrejI ane itihAsa viSayo sAthe bI.e. karyA bAda 1892mAM teoe kalakattA (kolakattA) yunivarsiTInI ema.e. (aMgrejI)nI padavI prathama vargamAM prApta karI hatI. parasIvalane mAnItA A "buddhizALI-pratibhAsaMpanna camatkAre iMglenDamAM abhyAsa karavA mATe prApta. thatI ziSyavRttino asvIkAra karI te samayanI khUba ja pratiSThita gaNAtI 'premacaMda rAyacaMda ziSyavRtti mATe kArya karavAnuM (1892-97) pasaMda karyuM hatuM. jadunAtha 1893mAM kalakattAnI rIpana kolejamAM aMgrejInA vyAkhyAtA tarIke rahyA hatA. 1898mAM teonI prAMtika zikSaNa sevAmAM pasaMdagI thaI hatI. eka varSa sudhI kalakattAnI presiDansI kolejamAM ane e pachI paTanA kaoNlejamAM 1901 sudhI aMgrejInA prAdhyApaka tarIke sevAo ApI hatI. premacaMda rAyacaMda ziSyavRtti heThaLa teoe taiyAra karela mahAnibaMdha (India of Aurangzeb) auraMgajhebanA samayanuM hiMda 1901mAM prasiddha thatAM teone eka prathama kakSAnA saMzodhanakAra ane itihAsakAra tarIkenI pratiSThA prApta thaI. aneka varSo sudhI aMgrejI sAhityanuM adhyApana karAvanAra jadunAthane itihAsa vibhAgamAM mUkavAmAM AvyA. paTanA ane kaTakanI kolejo ane banArasa yunivarsiTImAM teoe itihAsanA prAdhyApaka tarIke sevAo ApI hatI. 1936mAM paTanA kaoNlejamAMthI nivRtta thayA bAda teo be varSa sudhI (1926-28) kalakattA yunivarsiTInA kulapati pade rahyA hatA. 1929mAM teone 'sara'no ilkAba ApavAmAM Avyo. sa + saradAra paTela yunivarsiTI, va. vidyAnagaranA ema.e.ane ema.phIlanA vidyArthIo samakSa yujIsInA Teachers Exchange Programme heThaLa mArca 1990mAM Apela vyAkhyAna, * nivRtta, AcArya, zeTha pI.TI.ArTsa enDa sAyansa kaoNleja, godharA. pathika * amAsika - okTo.-nave.-Dise., 2003 0 31 For Private and Personal Use Only

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sarakAra potAnA mRtyu (1958) sudhI aitihAsika saMzodhanomAM vyasta rahyA hatA. itihAsakAra tarIkenI kArakirdI : jadunAthe te paribaLone spaSTa karyA nathI ke jenA kAraNe te inDo-muslima itihAsa pratye AkarSAyA hatA. Do. e.ela. zrIvAstava lakhe che ke eka samaye jadunAthe 1857nI ghaTanAne potAnA abhyAsanA viSaya tarIke pasaMda karavAnuM vicAryuM hatuM, paNa A ghaTanA najIkanA bhUtakALanI hovAthI e vicArane paDato mUkyo hato. mughala itihAsanI mAhitI mATe vipula sAdhana-sAmagrI upalabdha hovAthI temaja enuM kSetra vaNakheDAyela rahyuM hovAthI jadunAthe e kSetrane saMzodhana mATe pasaMda karyuM hatuM. 'pravAsI' nAmanA baMgALI sAmayikamAMthI jANavA maLe che ke temanA pitAe temanAmAM (jadunAtha) itihAsa pratyenI abhiruci utpanna karI hatI. jadunAtha sarakAra pazcimanA itihAsanA dvArathI bhAratIya itihAsanA saMzodhana kSetramAM pravezyA hatA. "t was through the gate of Western History that he entered the field of historical researches in Indian History." Do. ke.Ara.kAnunagonA mate jo. jadunAthe phakta bhAratIya itihAsathI prAraMbha karyo hota to dezanA bIjA prakhyAta itihAsakAronI jema te vyaktio ane banAvo aMge taTastha rIte yogya nirNaya laI zakyA na hota. jadunAthe 17 ane 18mI sadIonA bhAratIya itihAsamAM vipula pramANamAM saMzodhana karyuM hovAthI Do. Ara.pI.tripAThI yathArtha ja e bannene 'The Jadunath Centuries' kahe che. teono itihAsa aMgeno prathama graMtha 'India of Aurangzeb' 1901mAM ane aMtima graMtha "A History of Jaipur" 1984mAM prasiddha thayA hatA. auraMgajhebanA samayanuM hiMda (India of Aurangzeb) : dilhI, rAmapura, lAhora ane paTanAnA daphatarabhaMDAromAM upalabdha sAdhanomAMthI prApta mAhitInA AdhAre premacaMda rAyacaMda ziSyavRtti mATe taiyAra karela A graMthamAM jadunAthe 17mI sadInA hiMdanI bhautika sthitino ahevAla Apyo che. mughala prAMtonI sthAnika bhUgoLanuM vigatavAra varNana ane AMkaDAo A graMthamAM ApyA che. aneka samakAlIna malika sAdhanonA vivecanAtmaka ane tulanAtmaka abhyAsa para AdhArita A mahAnibaMdhamAM thI vadhu vizvAsa ane AdhAra rAya chataramAnanA, 'cAcara-e gulazana ane sujAnarAya khatrInA lasita-utatavArIkha para rAkhavAmAM Avela che. DaoN. kAnuno lakhe che ke A mahAnibaMdhane eka spaSTa ane cokkasa vidvattApUrNa graMthanA rUpamAM AvakAra prApta thayo hato. DaoN. mukhopAdhyAyanI daSTie A mahAnibaMdha jadunAthanI ItihAsakAra tarIkenI prAraMbhika taiyArIno nirdeza kare che temaja aitihAsika satyanI zodha mATenI temanI [ paNa vyakta kare che. auraMgajhebano itihAsa (History of Aurangzeb) : rAmapura, jayapura ane haidarAbAda rAjayonA daphatara bhaMDAromAM upalabdha phArasI dastAvejo, auraMgajhebanA patro ane pharamAna tathA anya samakAlIna sAdhanomAMthI prApta mAhitInA AdhAre jadunAthe auraMgajhebanA itihAsanuM Alekhana pAMca khaMDomAM karyuM che. 1912mAM prasiddha thanAra prathama khaMDa bhAgamAM zAhajahAMnA samayanI samIkSA karI che, ane auraMgajhebanI dakSiNa, gujarAta, mulatAna ane siMdha vagere mughala pratonA sUbedAra tarIkenI kArakirdInuM nirUpaNa tathA mUlyAMkana karela che, bIjA khaMDamAM (1913) vArasA vigraha ane emAM auraMgajhebanI saphaLatA mATenA javAbadAra paribaLonuM vivecana karela che. trIjA khaMDamAM (1916) auraMgajhebanA rAjaya amalanA prAraMbhika pagalAo ane zAsana saMbaMdhI siddhAMto, anya dharmo pratyenI asahiSNutAnI nIti ane auraMgajhebanI dhamadhatA pratyenA hiMdu pratikAra vagerenuM vivecanAtmaka vizleSaNa karyuM che. cothA khaMDamAM (1919) auraMgajhebanI dakSiNa hiMdamAMnI 1689 sudhInI kArakirdInA ahevAla Apyo che. bIjApura ane golakuMDAnA vijyo ane saMbhAjIno parAjaya e auraMgajhebanI kArakirdInuM uccatama biMdu hatuM. te uttara hiMda ane dakSiNano sarvasattAdhIza banyo hato paNa vastutaH e enA aMtano prAraMbha pathika * saimAsika - okTo.-nave.-Dise., 2003 * 32 For Private and Personal Use Only

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hatAM. pAMcamA khaMDamAM (1924) auraMgajhebanA aMtima varSo - 16 9 thI 1707nA itihAsanuM Alekhana karyuM che. jadunA A khaMDamAM auraMgajhebanA marAThAo sAmenA niSphaLa saMgharSonI temaja uttara hiMdamAMthI lAMbA samaya sudhInI tenI gerahAjarInI mughala sAmrAjaya para paDela viparIta asaronI paNa samIkSA karI che. chellA prakaraNamAM jadunAthe auraMgajhebanA cAritryanuM tathA tenA lAMbA rAjaya amalanI hiMdanuM bhaviSya para paDela asaronuM mUlyAMkana karyuM che, jadunAtha sarakAranA mate "..... his (Auranzeb's) failure lay in his career and past deeds." jadunAthanI dRSTie "auraMgajhebanuM jIvana eka lAMbI zokAntikA (tragedy) hatuM, ane te enA badhA ja tabakakAomAM eka pUrNa nATakanI jema lagabhaga vikAsa pAmyuM hatuM." ("The life of Aurangzei) was onc long tragedy and it was developed almost like a drama in all its stages.") bhAratIya itihAsa AlekhanamAM AdhArabhUta phArasI sAdhanono upayoga karanAra jadunAtha sarakAra-baMgALI gIbana'nA auraMgajhebanA itihAsanI samIkSA karatAM eca. bivarIjha (1922)mAM lakhyuM hatuM, "Jadunath Sarkar may be called Primus in India as the user of Persian authorities for the history of India. Ile might also be styled Bengali Gibbon." briTIza hiMdanuM arthataMtra (Economics of British India) : - jadunAthe A laghu pustikA 1909mAM prasiddha karI hatI. AmAM baMgALa vibhAjana ane svadezI caLavaLa (1905-1908)nI hiMdanI Arthika sthiti para paDela asaronI carcA karI che. hiMdanI arthavyavasthAnA bhaugolika paribaLonI carcAthI ladhu pustikAno prAraMbha karI jadunAthe grAmINa arthavyavasthAnA tamAma pAsAMonI tathA briTiza rAjaya amalamAM rAjakIya prabhAva temaja jamIna mahesUlanI briTiza paddhatinI chaNAvaTa karela che. zivAjI ane temano yuga (Shivaji and his Times) : mughala itihAsanA A pUraka graMthanI racanA jadunAthe samakAlIna marAThI, phArasI, aMgrejI tathA pheMca vagere sAdhanomAMthI upalabdha mAhitInA AdhAre karI hatI. A graMthanA prakAzane (1919) mahArASTramAM e ja prakArano uzkerATa utpanna karyo hato jevo auraMgajhebanA trIjA khaMDe dezanA muslimomAM utpanna karyo hato. jadunAthanA mate zivAjI hiMdu jAti dvArA utpanna aMtima mahAna racanAtmaka pratibhAzALI vyakti hatI. teoe pratipAdita karyuM ke potAnI addabhuta saphaLatAo chatAM zivAjI sthira rAjayanuM nirmANa karavAmAM niSphaLa rahyA hatA ane temanA dvArA sthApita karAyela moTA bhAganI saMsthAo maulika na hatI. emanA AvA maMtavyothI marAThA itihAsakAro nArAja thayA hatA. mahArASTranA rASTravAdI itihAsakAronA anAmata gaNAtA kSetramAM jadunAthe anucita dakhalagIrI karI hovAnI tIvra lAgaNI mahArASTramAM uddabhavI hatI. AnI jadunAtha para koI asara thaI na hatI. jadunAthe zivAjInuM mUlyAMkana eka niSpakSa itihAsakAranI dRSTithI karyuM hatuM. zivAjIe aphajhalakhAna pratye karela vyavahArano jadunAthe bacAva karyo hato. nijhAma-ula-mulkanA vajhIra ane itihAsakAra mIra Alame potAnA graMthamAM Apela mAhitInA AdhAre jadunAthe e puravAra karyuM ke aphajhalakhAne ja zivAjI para prathama prahAra karyo hato. jadunAthI daSTie zivAjIe potAnA udAharaNa dvArA potAnA lokone pratIti karAvI ke hiMdu jAti eka rASTranuM nirmANa karI zake che. zivAjIe siddha karI ApyuM ke hiMdu jAtinuM vakSa vAstavamAM mRta nathI ane te navA pAMdaDA tathA DALIo vikasita karI zake che. zivAjInuM mUlyAMkana karatAM jadunAtha sarakAra lakhe che ke marAThA prajAmAM utpanna karela utsAha ane jusso e zivAjInuM amUlya pradAna hatuM. A graMtha aMge bIvarI kahe che ke sarakAranA badhA graMtho sArA che paNa emAMthI sarvottama kRti saMbhavataH pathika * mAsika - okTo.-nave.-Dise., ra003 33 For Private and Personal Use Only

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'zivAjI ane temano yuga' che. "All lhis books are good but perhaps that best of them is 'The life of Shivaji and his Times')" DaoN. mukhopAdhyAyanA mate t revolutionized the study of Maratha listory". zivAjInuM kuTuMba (House of Shivaji) : 1940mAM prasiddha thayela A graMthamAM jadunAthe zAhajI (bhoMsale ane zivAjInA vaMza vize keTalIka navI mAhitI ApI che. A graMthanA prathama 6 prakaraNomAM marAThA itihAsanI pazcAda bhUmikA ane bIjApura sTeTa peparsanA AdhAre zAhajInA jIvanavRttAMtanuM Alekhana karyuM che. prakaraNa sAtamAM jadunAthe pote zodhI kADhela akhabArAtanI tulanA rAjavADe ane anya marAThA itihAsakAro dvArA prakAzita zivAjInA samayanA patro sAthe karI emanuM sApekSa aitihAsika mahattva spaSTa karyuM che. A graMthanI racanA mATe jadunAthe jayapura daphatarabhaMDAramAM upalabdha patrono paNa upayoga karyo hato. sarakAre eka Azcaryajanaka tathyane spaSTa karyuM che ke saMbhAjInA patana mATe enI potAnI binayogyatA ke kavi kalazanI duSTa pratibhA vadhu javAbadAra na hatA paNa mahArASTranA brAhmaNonI dhArmika IrSAnA kAraNe kuMThita thayela dezabhaktinI bhAvanA javAbadAra hatI. AthI te yathArtha kahe che, 'Strangc are the ways of man and his history.' mughala vahIvaTItaMtra (Mughal Administration) : mughala vahIvaTI taMtranA vividha pAsAMonI vigatapUrNa spaSTatA karato A graMtha jadunAthe 1921mAM prasiddha karyo hato. A graMthanI 4 AvRttamAM jadunAthe be navA prakaraNo - lazkarI vibhAga ane nagara vahIvaTI taMtra umeryA hatA. A graMthanI racanA mATe jadunAthe arnekavidha samakAlIna sAdhanono upayoga karyo hato, jemake abula phajhalanI 'AIna-e-akabarI', dastura-ula-amala, hiyAta ullAha bihArI racita 'hidAyata-ula-kavAida', malikajAdA munazI racita 'nIgAranAmA-e-munazI', 'mirAta-e-ahemadI', 'bahAdurazAhanAmA', temaja haidarAbAda (dakSiNa) ane jayapuranA daphatarabhaMDAromAM upalabdha akhabArAto. graMthamAM vibhinna vahIvaTI vibhAgo ane pramukha adhikArIo aMge vistRta mAhitI ApavA uparAMta jadunAthe mughala samrAToe - vizeSataH akabara ane auraMgajheba - apanAvela dhArmika nItinI samIkSA karI che. mahesUla aMgenA niyamono nirdeza karatAM auraMgajhebanA be pharamAnono aMgrejI anuvAda prakaraNa 11mAM Apela che. jadunAthe A graMthamAM mughala rAjya amalanI saphaLatAo - - niSphaLatAonI samIkSA karI che. DaoN. sarakAranA mate mughala rAjya amalanI moTI vinAzakArI khAmI e hatI ke ene haMmezAM potAnuM lazkarI svarUpa jALavI rAkhyuM hatuM, ane ene rASTra nirmANa mATe prayatno karyA na hatA. zAhajahAMnA samRdgha samayamAM AgrA ane dilhIe prApta karela bhavyatAthI aMjAIne e bhUlI na javuM joIe ke mughala samrAToe rAjanItizAstranA prathama siddhAMtanuM 'mahAna prajA vagara mahAna rASTra hoI zake nahi' - anusaraNa karyuM na hatuM. mughala sAmrAjyanuM patana (Fall of the Mughal Empire) : auraMgajhebanA pAMcamA khaMDanA prakAzana (1924) bAda 25 varSo sudhI parizrama karI DaoN. sarakAre mughala sAmrAjyanA patananA cAra bhAga 1932-1950 daramyAna prasiddha karyA hatA. 'auraMgajhebano itihAsa' e vastutaH enuM jIvanavRttAMta che jyAre 'mughala sAmrAjyanuM patana' eka ucca kakSAno itihAsa (History of High Order) che. 'patana'nA prathama bhAgamAM nAdIrazAhanA hiMda choDyA pachIthI mAMDIne samrATa ahamadazAhanA rAjya amalanA aMta sudhInA (1739-1754) itihAsanuM nirUpaNa karyuM che. bIjA bhAgamAM AlamagIranA rAjyArohaNathI pathika, traimAsika okTo.-nave.-Dise., 2003 * 34 For Private and Personal Use Only

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mAMDIne aMgreja isTa inDiyA kaMpanInA AzrayamAM zAha Alama bIjAnA dilhImAM Agamana sudhInA samayanA (1754-1771) itihAsanuM Alekhana karela che. dilhI para varcasva sthApita karavA mATe aphaghAno ane marAThAo vacce thayela saMgharSa temaja pANIpatanA trIjA yuddhamAM (1761) marAThAonA parAjaya vagereno itihAsa A bhAgamAM Apela che. trIjA bhAgamAM 1772 thI 1788 sudhIno mukhyatve mahAdajI siMdhiyAnI pravRttiono itihAsa Apela che. aMtima cothA bhAgamAM 1789 thI 1803 sudhInA itihAsanuM Alekhana jadunAthe karela che. DaoN. mukhopAdhyAya lakhe che tema A bhAgamAM vastutaH be sAmrAjyonA mudhala ane marAThA- patana tathA trIjAnA - aMgreja-udayanA itihAsanuM nirUpaNa karela che. "Its subject is more truely the fall of the Maratha Empire." 'patana'mAM DaoN. jadunAtha sarakAre mughala sAmrAjyanA patana mATe javAbadAra sAbita thanAra paribaLonI chaNAvaTa karI che. bhAratIya samAjanA mULa sudhI pahoMcela saDAnA kAraNe mughala sAmrAjyano ane enI sAthe hiMdustAna paranA marAThAonA rAjakIya varcasvano aMta Avyo hato. bhraSTAcAra, binakAryakSamatA ane vizvAsaghAtathI vyApaka banela mAholamAM utpanna A avanati ane avyavasthA daramyAna sAhitya, kalA ane sAco dharma sudhdhAM vinAza pAmyA. mughala saMskRtinI avanati daramyAna zikSaNa karamAI gayuM ane je skUlo bacI hatI e kArakUna ane hisAbanIza taiyAra karavAnA kArya mAtramAM vyasta banI gaI hatI. hajAro saMkSipta marAThA DIsapecanI tArIkhonI khAtarI karI ane phArasI hastapratomAMthI upalabdha thatI mAhitImAM sudhArA karI jadunAthe A graMthone aitihAsika dRSTie vadhu AdhArabhUta banAvyA che. Military History of India : DaoN. jadunAtha sarakAranA mRtyu (1958)nA be varSa bAda A pustaka prasiddha thayuM hatuM. AmAM 21 lekho ane be pariziSTo che. jadunAthe prathama lekhamAM bhaugolika paristhitio vyUharacanAne kevI rIte prabhAvita kare che enI chaNAvaTa karI che, jema ke uttara hiMdamAM sAmrAjyo vacce thayela vadhu yuddho, dazerAnA divase AkramaNa mATe prasthAna karavAnI paraMparA. sikaMdara mahAnanA, porasa sAthenA yuddhathI (I.sa. pU. 326) mAMDIne pezvA bAjIrAva prathamanA pAlakheDa yuddha (I.sa. 1727-28) sudhInA samaya daramyAna thayela yuddhonA AdhAre yuddha kalAnA vikAsanI prakriyA samajAvI che. humAyuM ane zerazAha vacce thayela causAnA yuddhanI (1539) samIkSA karatAM te lakhe che ke A yuddhe sAbita karyuM ke je senA AkramaNa na karI zake eno parAjaya thAya che ane phakta jaDa bacAva arthahIna bane che. vyUharacanA vagaranuM yuddha e mAtra krUratApUrNa katala che. mughala samrATonI senAnuM mUlyAMkana karatAM jadunAtha lakhe che ke bAbaranA rAjavaMza dvArA hiMdamAM lAvavAmAM Avela turka yuddha paddhati vaijJAnika, spaSTa ane asarakAraka hatI, paNa pAchaLathI ezaArAma ane atyadhika saMkhyAe e paddhatinI pAyamAlI karI hatI. maulika ane gauNa baMnne prakAranA sAdhano para AdhArita A graMthamAM viSaya-vastunI karavAmAM Avela mAvajata vidvattApUrNa che ane e enA prakArano prathama graMtha che. pathika traimAsika jayapurano itihAsa (History of Jaipur) : DaoN. raghuvIrasiMha dvArA saMzodhita ane saMpAdita jadunAthano A graMtha 1984mAM prakAzita thayo hato. A graMthamAM 1503 thI 1938 sudhInI aitihAsika ghaTanAonuM Alekhana karavAmAM AvyuM che. jayapura rAjavI parivAra dvArA potAnA daphatarabhaMDAramAM aneka sadIothI khUba ja vyavasthita rIte sAcavI rAkhavAmAM Avela maulika dastAvejono jadunAthe A graMthamAM upayoga karyo che. samrATa akabaranA Amera sAthenA lagnasaMbaMdhanI samIkSA karatAM DaoN. je.ena.sarakAra lakhe che ke AnA kAraNe hiMdamAM muslima rAjAzAhInI nItimAM eka saMpUrNa okTo.-nave.-Dise., 2003 0 35 For Private and Personal Use Only

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parivartana AvyuM hatuM. agAunA hiMdu-muslima lagna saMbaMdhomAM hiMdu strIno enA pitAnA parivAra sAthenA saMbaMdhano haMmezA mATe viccheda thato hato paNa have e sthiti rahI na hatI. badhAMne mATe amalamAM mukAyela dharmasahiSNutAnI nIti heThaLa rAjyanI uccatama sevA mATe hiMdu pratibhA upalabdha thaI zakI hatI ane dharmanA bhedabhAva vagara kAbela tathA kAryakSama vyaktio mATe kArakirdInA dvAra khullAM thayAM hatAM. saMpAdana kArya : DaoN. sarakAre vilIyama IrvinanI putrInI vinaMtithI vilIyama IrvinanA 'Later Mughals' nA be bhAgonuM saMpAdana karyuM hatuM ane nAdirazAhanA AkramaNa aMgenAM traNa prakaraNo lakhyAM hatAM. DaoN. sarakAre hummIdauddInanA 'akAma-e-AlamagIrIno aMgrejI anuvAda 'Anccdotes of Aurangzeb' (auraMgajhebanA prasaMgo)nA nAmathI prasiddha karyo hato. A prasaMgomAMthI auraMgajhebanA cAritryano spaSTa khyAla maLI rahe che. A uparAMta temaNe 'mAsIra-e-AlamagIrI'no aMgrejImAM anuvAda temaja saMpAdana karyuM hatuM. Poona Residency Correspondence (P.R.C.) nA 1, 8 ane 14mA bhAganuM saMpAdana jadunAthe karyuM hatuM. A pI.Ara.sI.nA bAkInA bhAgonuM saMpAdana jadunAthanA mArgadarzana heThaLa emanA keTalAka ziSyoe karyuM hatuM. TAMkA yunivarsiTI dvArA prasiddha karavAmAM Avela baMgALanA itihAsanA bIjA bhAganuM saMpAdana jadunAtha sarakAre karyuM hatuM temaja e bhAganA 26 prakaraNomAMthI 1012 prakaraNo paNa lakhyA hatA. anya kRtio : mughala yuganA niSNAta hovA chatAM jadunAthe bhAratanA samagra itihAsanI rUparekhA ApatuM eka nAnuM pustaka 'India Through thc Ages' (yugayugIna bhArata) lakhyuM hatuM. A pustakamAM bhAratIya saMskRtinA nirmANamAM Aryo, bauddho, mughalo ane aMgrejoe karela pradAnanI samIkSA karI che. DaoN. kAnunago yathArtha kahe che ke 99 pAnanuM A nAnakaDuM pustaka itihAsanA TelIskopano upayoga karavAnI temanI ajoDa kuzaLatAne ujAgara kare che. DaoN. sarakAranI anya racanAo nIce pramANe che t (1) baMgALanA navAbo, (2) dazanAmI saMpradAyano itihAsa, (3) muddala sAmrAjyanA patana daramyAna bihAra ane orisA, jadunAthe kembrIja hisTarI opha inDiyAnA cothA bhAganAM cAra prakaraNo lakhyAM hatAM. A uparAMta temaNe 'Studies in Mughal India' ane 'Studics in Aurangzcb's Rein' paNa prasiddha karyA hatA. DaoN. mukhopAdhyAya kahe che tema A baMnene mughalonA itihAsanA pUraka graMtho gaNI zakAya. A graMthomAM vibhinna vividha viSayo paranA lekho che, jema ke auraMgajhebanA be hiMdu itihAsakAro-bhImasena ane IzvaradAsa nAgara, mahesUla saMbaMdhI auraMgajhebanA niyamo, zAhajahAMnuM dainika jIvana. saMzodhana lekho : 1907 thI 1955 daramyAna kalakattAthI prasiddha thatA sAmayika 'moDarna rIvyU'mAM jadunAthanA itihAsa aMgenA aneka lekho ane aneka nibaMdho prakAzita thayA hatA, jema ke zivAjInuM jIvana (1967), bhAratIya itihAsanA saMzodhana-kAranA bhayasthAno (1925), mughala sAmrAjyamAM rAjapUto, mahAdajI siMdhIyAno aMta, yunivarsiTI sudhAro ane bhAratane itihAsanI cetavaNI (1953), baMgALa pAsTa enDa prejhanTa' nAmanA sAmayikamAM paNa emanA lekho prasiddha thayA hatA, dA.ta. bharatapurano jAra rAjavaMza, sTeTsamena, kirtInAtha kaoNleja zatAbdI graMtha vageremAM temanA lekho prakAzita thayAM hatA. pravAsI, bhArata mahilA, alakA, bhAratavarSa ane sAhitya pathika = traimAsika - okTo.-nave.-Dise., 2003 0 36 For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariSada patrikA vagere baMgALI sAmayikomAM paNa emanA lekho ane nibaMdho prasiddha thayA hatA. inDiyana hisTorIkala rekorDIsa kamizananA te sabhya hatA. kamizana pAse Avela lagabhaga 50 uparAMta dastAvejonI cakAsaNI karI emanuM jadunAthe mUlyAMkana karyuM hatuM. kamizananA Proceedings mAM temanA 13 saMzodhana lekho prasiddha thayA hatA, dA.ta., madrAsamAM zivAjI, hAusa oNpha jayapura, The Missing Link in the History of Mughal India From 1638-1761. DaoN. jadunAtha sarakAre (DaoN. yadUnAtha sarakAra) mirAta-e-ahemadI, tArIkha-e-mubArakazAhI, avadhanA prathama be navAbo, zIkhono itihAsa ane bAjIrAva prathama ane marAThA vistAra vagere graMthonI prastAvanA lakhI hatI. mUlyAMkana : 19mI sadInA aMtima dazakAmAM jyAre jadunAtha sarakAre auraMgajheba para saMzodhana kArya zarU karyuM tyAre koI paNa saMzodhanakAra potAnA saMzodhanamAM eka ke be samakAlIna sAdhanono vyavasthita upayoga kare e paryApta gaNAtuM. bhAgye ja koI saMzodhanakAra vibhinna bhASAomAM prApta samakAlIna sAdhanono upayoga karavAnuM vicArato hato. phArasImAM lakhAyela darabArI ahevAlo sivAya bIjuM kazuM paNa hoI zake evo khyAla koIne paNa na hato. A sthApita ane mAnya paraMparAthI viparIta jadunAthe akhabArAta, marAThA dUto (vakIlo) nA patro, aMgrejI, pheMca ane porTugIjha bhASAomAM lakhAyela samakAlIna dastAvejomAMthI mAhitI ekatrita karI emano upayoga potAnA graMthomAM karyo hato. jadunAthe darabArI itihAsakAro ane bIjA lekhakonA ahevAlo para pUrNataH vizvAsa rAkhyo na hato. 'auraMgajheba', 'zivAjI' ane "patana"nI racanA mATe jadunAthe upayogamAM lIdhela vividha prakAranA vipula AdhArabhUta samakAlIna sAdhanonA kAraNe A graMtho bhAratIya itihAsavidyAmAM ajoDa (unparalleled) sthAna dharAve che. - jadunAtha potAnA abhyAsanA viSayathI saMbaMdhita aitihAsika sthaLonI mulAkAta tyAMnI bhaugolika sthiti, tyAMnA lokajIvana ane cAritryanI jANakArI meLavavA letA hatA. dA.ta. mughala samayanA yuddhanAM sthaLo, khINo ane killAonI mAhitI meLavavA sarakAre mahArASTranI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI. jadunAtha khUba ja UMcu cAritrya dharAvatA hatA. paisA ke anya koI prakAranA lobhane teo vaza thayA na hatA. jodhapura rAjavaMza aMgenI TIkA potAnA graMthamAMthI dUra karavA mATe jodhapuranA pradhAnamaMtrIe karela dhananI oNphara temaja mevADano itihAsa lakhavA mATe karavAmAM Avela nANAMnI oNphara jadunAthe svIkArI na hatI. banArasanA vizvanAtha maMdirane jamIna dAnamAM ApavA aMgenA auraMgajhebanA pharamAnanI upekSA karI jadunAthe auraMgajheba pratye anyAya karyo hovAnI TIkA vAraMvAra thatAM temaNe spaSTatA karI hatI ke zubha sAthe cAlatAM saMgharSa daramyAna bahAra pADavAmAM Avela A pharamAnano uddeza zujAne pakaDavA mATe hiMduono sahakAra ane sadbhAvanA prApta karavAno hato, ane te eka rAjakIya dAva mAtra hato. A pharamAnane sahiSNutAnI bhAvanA sAthe koI ja saMbaMdha na hato. vizvasanIya purAvAonA AdhAre temaNe e pratipAdita karyuM ke aphajhalakhAne ja zivAjI para prathama prahAra karyo hato. "patana'mAM jadunAthe uttara hiMdamAM marAThAoe vartAvela trAsanI vigato ApI enI ugra TIkA karI che. A e spaSTa kare che ke jadunAthane madhya yugIna hiMdanA muslima rAjyakartAo pratye koI pUrvagraha na hato ane teo eka niSpakSa itihAsakAra hatA. DaoN. jadunAtha sarakAre potAnA dezavAsIone sAvadha karatAM kahyuM hatuM ke auraMgajhebanA itihAsanuM punarAvartana na thavA devuM joIe temaja hiMdutva tathA islAma banuM tarkabaddha tathA vaijJAnika zuddhikaraNa thavuM joIe. pathika * trimAsika - okTo.-nave.-Dise., 2003 0 37 For Private and Personal Use Only

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jadunAthane mAnava niyatimAM atUTa zraddhA hatI. emanI dRSTie niyati eTale cAritrya. "patana'nA trIjA bhAgamAM te zAha Alama vize lakhe che, "No man can rise above destiny ... Destiny is only another name for character, and Shah Alam's character alone was responsible for the fate that now overwhelmed him and his house," zAha Alama ane enA vaMzanA bhAgya mATe zAha AlamanuM cAritrya ja javAbadAra hatuM. te (jadunAtha) daivI badalA ! sajAmAM ane itihAsanI anivAryatAmAM mAnatA hatA. samayanA keTalAka paribaLo itihAsanI anivAryatA nakkI karatA hoya che. AthI te auraMgajhebanI niSphaLatA aMge lakhe che. "... the strongest human endeavour was bailled by the forces of the que" (samayanA paribaLoe atyanta zaktizALI mAnavIya prayatnane niSphaLa banAvyo hato). te itihAsane bodhapATha mATe mahattvano gaNatA hatA. te lakhe che ke bhUtakALanA bhayasthAnone dUra karavA ane Adhunika bhAratanI samasyAonuM sAcuM nirAkaraNa lAvavA mATe hiMdanA muslima zAsananI avanati ane hiMdu sAmrAjyanA nirmANamAM marAThAone maLela niSphaLatAno vigate UMDo abhyAsa karI e mATenA kAraNonuM talasparzI vizleSaNa karavuM joIe. DaoN. mukhopAdhyAya lakhe che tema sarakAranA nirUpaNanuM svarUpa mahad aMze rAjakIya ane lazkarI rahyuM che tathA sAmAjika, Arthika ane sAMskRtika pAsAMono sAmAnya evo nirdeza potAnA graMthamAM karela che. A UNapa hovA chatAM jadunAtha eka mahAna itihAsakAra hatA. keTalAka nirUpaNanI zailInI dRSTie emanI tulanA mekole sAthe, jyAre "patana mATe emanI tulanA gIbana sAthe kare che. DaoN. mukhopAdhyAyanA mate zailInI bAbatamAM mekole, ane jadunAtha ekabIjAthI khUba ja bhinna che. mekolenI nirUpaNa zailI AlaMkArika, saraLa, gIbana ane jadunAthamAM patana" zabdanI samAnatA sivAya bIjuM kazuM paNa samAna nathI. 18mI sadInA buddhivAdanI bhAvanA heThaLa GYLLUCH ollowerul piel (Fall of Roman Empire) is highly moral and philosophical work che, jyAre jadunAthanA graMtho 20mI sadInA vAtAvaraNamAM lakhAyela che ane te vivecanAtmaka ane vaijJAnika paddhati para AdhArita che. jadunAthanI tulanA phakta mahAna jarmana itihAsavidda liyopolDa rAjye sAthe ja thaI zake. jadunAtha rAnDenI aitihAsika paddhatithI prabhAvita hatA tema chatAM enA AMdhaLA anuyAyI na hatA. jadunAthanI dRSTie aitihAsika abhyAsa mATenI sarvottama paddhati vaijJAnika paddhati che je samaya, sthaLa ane viSaya-vastunA parivartano sAthe kadI paNa badalAtI nathI. DaoN. mukhopAdhyAyanA mata mujaba : "He (Sarkar) accepted Ranke's attitude to sources but rejected the idea of detachment'. mULabhUtasAdhanonA mULa sudhI jaI dhaTanAonA vaijJAnika abhyAsano prAraMbha karanArAomAMnA te eka hatA. lokonI mAMganA dabANanA kAraNe jadunAthe auraMgajhebanA ItihAsanA pAMca bhAgonuM saMkSiptIkaraNa "A Short History of Aurangzeb' prasiddha karyuM hatuM. A graMtha emanA bIjA graMthonA - zivAjI mughala sAmrAjayanA patananA cAra bhAga, mughala vahIvaTItaMtra ane inDiyA thu dhI ejIisa- hiMdI anuvAdo prasiddha thayA che. jadunAtha bAhya dekhAve khUba ja kaDaka hovA chatAM te udAra mananA hatA. aneka yuvAna saMzodhanakArone mArgadarzana ApI Do. jadunAtha sarakAre protsAhita karyA hatA. teo saMbhavataH koI paNa prakAranA prayAsa vagara sAcA arthamAM madhyakAlIna bhAratIya itihAsavidyAnI navI zAkhAnA pitA banyA hatA. A zAkhAnI potAnI keTalIka AgavI viziSTatAo che, jemake (1) aMgrejI, Daca, phreMca, porTugIjha ane saMskRta bhASAo uparAMta madhya yugIna hiMdamAM pracalita tamAma bhASAonI jANakArI, (ra) vibhinna bhASAomAM lakhAyela samakAlIna maulika pathika * saimAsika - okTo.-nave.-Dise., ra003 * 38 For Private and Personal Use Only

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dastAvejonI zodha ane ekatrIkaraNa (3) maulika sAdhano | sAmagrIno vaijJAnika abhyAsa ane (4) kALajIpUrvaka taTastha rIte purAvAono abhyAsa tathA mUlyAMkana. A zAkhA nAgarika kartavyanI vedI para zaikSaNika prAmANikatAnuM balidAna ApavAmAM mAnatI nathI. nAgarika kartavyanI agatya to phakta tathyo ane arthaghaTanonI saMyamI ane saMtulita bhASAmAM rajUAta karavAmAM ane uzkeraNIone TALavAmAM rahela che. jadunAtha (yadunAtha) sarakAra yathArtha kahe che, "huM enI darakAra karIza nahi ke satya sukhada ke duHkhada che ane e pravartamAna dRSTibiMduo sAthe susaMgata che ke nahi .... mArA dezanI asmitA para prahAra kare che ke nahi, ... paNa huM satyane zodhIza, satyane samajIza ane satyano ja ravIkAra karIza. Aja itihAsakArano daDha nirdhAra hovo joIe." eka sAcA itihAsakAre rASTrIya cAritranI koI paNa UNapone chupAvavAno saheja paNa prayatna karyA vagara mAtra satya ane vAstavikatAnI rajUAta karavI joIe. jadunAtha koI paNa yuvAnamAM rahela pratibhAne svIkAravA ane AvakAravA mATe khacakAtA na hatA. 22 jUna 1936nA roja saradesAI paranA patramAM mahArAja kumAra raghuvIrasiMhanA Di.liTa.nA mahAnibaMdha- Malwa in TransitionnI guNavattAnI prazaMsA karatAM jaNAvyuM hatuM ke A yuvAne S.P.D. graMthamAMnI eka tArIkha akATya dalIlo sAthe sudhArI potAnI sarakAranI) e tArIkha aMgenI mUMjhavaNa dUra karI hatI, ane te bhaviSyamAM eka siddhahasta itihAsakAra banaze evI AzA temanAmAM janmAvI hatI. navA upalabdha thayela vizvasanIya tathA pramANabhUta satyatithyonA saMdarbhamAM pote agAu vyakta karela vicAra ke maMtavyomAM jarUrI parivartana karavuM ja joIe evuM dRDhapaNe mAnanAra jadunAtha (DaoN. je.ena.sarakAra) niHsaMdeha Adhunika bhAratanA AMtararASTrIya khyAti prApta karanAra eka pratiSThita ane agragaNya itihAsavida hatA. DaoN. ke. Ara. kAnungonA zabdomAM, He lives today, like Ranke in the nincteenth century, as the greatest historian of India comparison." jadunAtha(dUnAtha) sarakAranA samakAlIna ane itihAsa saMzodhana kSetranA sahapravAsI saradesAInA zabdomAM, ''saMkSepamAM, itihAsakAra tarIke jadunAtha koI anapekSita ghaTanA nathI (ka) takonuM koI bhAgyazALI saMtAna nathI paNa eka mahAna mizana pratye taiyArI, Ayojana, sakhata udyama sAthe virakta niSThAthI samarpita eka pUrNa jiMdagI che." ("In short, Jadunath as a historian is not an accident, not a fortunate child of oportunities, but the consummation of a life of preparation, planning, hard industry and ascetic devotion to a great mission) saMdarbhasUci 1. Dharaiya, R.K, itihAsanuM tattvajJAna ane itihAsa lekhana abhigama, amadAvAda, 1994 R. Gupta, H.R., Life and Letters of Sir Jadunath Sarkar, Hoshiarpur, 1958 3. Mukhopadhyay, S.K., Evolution of Historiography in Modern India, Calcutta, 1981 8. Qanungo, K.R., Historical Essays, Agra, 1968 4. Sen, S.P. (ed.), Historians and Historiography in Modern India, Culcutta, 1973 EUR. Tikckar, S.R., On Historiography, Bombay, 1964 *** pathika * saimAsika - okTo.-nave.-Dise., 2003 0 39 For Private and Personal Use Only

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gujarAta itihAsa pariSadanuM 15muM jJAnasatra dvArakA - eka ahevAla DaoN. harSadabhAI brahmabhaTTa* zrImad bhagavatagItA skaMdhapurANa, viSNupurANa, harivaMza ane mahAbhAratamAM zrIkRSNanI suvarNanagarI tarIke varNavelI bhAratIya saMskRtinA yuga prarvataka evA zrIkRSNanuM sAmrAjya eTale prAcIna nagarI dvArakAmAM gujarAta itihAsa pariSadanuM 15muM jJAnasatra tA. 31 okaTobara, 1-2 , navembara 2003nA roja DaoN. thomasabhAI paramAranA pramukha sthAne yojAI gayuM. jJAnasatra mATe yajamAna saMsthA mAtRzrI moMdhIbena TrasTa jenA kartA zrI puSkarabhAI gokANIe sarve Ayojana karyuM hatuM. gujarAta itihAsa pariSadanA 15mA jJAnasatranA Ayojana mujaba temAM bhAga levA Avela sarve sabhyo tathA AmaMtrito tA. 30 okaTobara 203 ne guruvAranA rojathI lohANA vidyArthI bhavana(bhAIo), lohANA kanyA chAtrAlaya (baheno)mAM sAMjanA jamavAnI tathA rahevAnI pUratI sagavaDa karavAmAM AvI hatI. tA.31 oNkaTobara, 2003 zukravAranA roja 10-00 kalAke je. sI. gupa opha kaMpanIjha dvArA eDavAnsa sinemA gRhamAM udghATana samAraMbhanuM Ayojana thayuM hatuM. udghATana samAraMbhanI zarUAta reDiyo gAyikA kaMcanabena paMDyAe prArthanAthI karI hatI, jenA zabdo "maMgaLa thAo, coka purAvo, gaNeza sarasvatI Avo"..... tyAra bAda zAradApITha dvArakAnA jagadaguru zaMkarAcArya svAmIzrI svarUpAnaMda sarasvatIjI mahArAjanAM ziSya pa.pU. bhAskarAnaMdajI, svAminArAyaNa sevA TrasTanA koThArI svAmI pa.pU. goviMda svAmI, atithivizeSa zrI parimalabhAI nathavANI (ekajhIkyuTIva rIlAyansa inDasTrIjha - vyavasthApaka devasthAna samiti)nA pratinidhi zrI nItinabhAI bhaTTa (menejara rilAyansa inDasTrIjha) svAgata adhyakSa zrI trikamadAsa haridAsa dAvaDA (bAbA sAheba) (upapramukha-zAradApITha vidyAsabhA), zrI gulAbabhAI heramA (pramukha, dvArakA nagarapAlikA), zrI pabubhA mANeka (dhArAsabhya, dvArakA), zrI manasukhabhAI bArAI(pramukha, bhA.ja.pa. dvArakA), zrI subhASa bhAyANI (sarapaMca, okhA grAma paMcAyata), zrI pradIpabhAI mAdhavANI (taMtrI, nobata dainika, jAmanagara), zrI azvinabhAI bhAyANI(eDavAnsa sinemA-mAlika) temaja gujarAta itihAsa pariSadanA pramukha zrI DaoN. thomasabhAI paramAra, upapramukhazrI DaoN. rAmajIbhAI sAvaliyA, upapramukha zrImatI DaoN.varSAbena jAnI, maMtrI zrI , vikezabhAI paMDyA, maMtrIzrI narezabhAI aMtANI, koSAdhyakSa zrImatI Do. nayanAbena adhvaryu, zrI pukhakarabhAI gokANI (gujarAta itihAsa pariSadanA TrasTI) tathA I. TIvI, jhI. TIvI, gujarAta rAjaya mAhitI khAtAnA patrakAro sarvee maMgaladIpa pragaTAvI jJAnasatrane zubhASiza pAThavI tathA sarvanuM puSpahArathI svAgata karyuM. zrI puSpakabhAI gokANIe madhura zabdAvali dvArA svAgata pravacana karyuM. gujarAta ItihAsa pariSadanA 15 mA jJAnasatramAM upasthita rahI zakayA nahIM teoe jJAnastranI saphaLatA mATe zubhecchA-saMdezA pAThavelA. jemAM zrI DaoN. hariprasAda zAstrI, zrI DaoN. cInubhAI nAyaka, zrI jayendrabhAInANAMvaTI, zrI DaoN. paMkaja desAI, zrI vI. esa. gaDhavI, zrI manojabhAI rAvala, zrI parimalabhAI nathavANI, zrI pI. jI. korATa teonA saMdezAo maMtrIzrI narezabhAI aMtANIe rajU karyA bAda svAgata adhyakSazrI trikamadAsa dAvaDA(bAbA sAheba)nI mudrita pravacana patrikAnuM zrI pravINabhAI kAriyAe vAMcana karyuM. jenA zabdomAM "AjanI ghaDI raLiyAmaNI amAre AMgaNe 'itihAsa vidvAno AvyAnI vadhAmaNI"thI zarUAta karIne dvArakAnA prAcInathI Adhunika sudhInA vikAsamAM mahAnubhAvonuM ryonuM varNana karavAmAM AvyuM. chelle kavi nhAnAlAla ane kalyANacaMdra jozInA zabdone laI "Aje dvArakA caDI vizva hiMDoLe enA zikharonA sUraja eMdhALe zabdo sAthe svAgatamAM khAmI hoya to udAra dilathI mAphI mAgatuM lakhANa hatuM, pachI gujarAta itihAsa pariSada 15 mA jJAnasatranI smaraNikA "dIThI meM tArAmatI'nuM vimocana pa. pU. bhAskarAnaMdajI, 5. pU. goviMdasvAmI, zrI nItinabhAI bhaTTa, zrI trikamadAsa dAvaDAe karyuM. smaraNikAnA saMpAdaka zrI De, thomasabhAI paramAra ane zrI puSkarabhAI gokANIe pravacana karyA bAda gujarAta itihAsa pariSadano itihAsa zrI DaoN. rAmajIbhAI sAvaliyAe Apyo hato. bapore 12-30 e dvArakAdhIzanA darzananuM Ayojana zAradApIThamAM bhojana-ArAma bAda prathama beThakamAM 'gujarAta rAjayanA koIpaNa eka tAlukAno itihAsa" e viSaya para gujarAtanI judI judI kolejamAMthI Avela vidyArthIoe potAnA saMzodhanapatro rajU karyA. jemAM (1) gosvAmI dIpAvalIe godharA tAlukAno itihAsa (1850 thI 1940), (2) pagI cetanabhAIe godharA tAlukAno prAcIna itihAsa (prAcInathI 1857), (3) jozI kaMrdapabhAIe kheDabrahmAno itihAsa, (4) hArdika ThAkare gAMdhIdhAmano itihAsa, (5) svITIbena paTela dhoLakA tAlukAno itihAsa, (6) gIrA Thakkare khaMbhAta tAlukAno itihAsa rajU karyo. uparokta viSaya para rajU thayela zodhapatro spardhAtmaka hatA, AthI tenA nirNAyakomAM prinsipAla zrI bI. ena. jozI tathA De, hasatAbena sedANIe zodhapatronA aMte [anusaMdhAna TAITala 3 para cAlu * prAdhyApaka, itihAsa vibhAga, A-sAyansa koleja, godharA pathika tramAsika - okTo.- nave.-Dise. 2003 0 40 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir tramAsika : okTo.-nave.-Dise., 2003 BOOK-POST pathika Printed Matter TO, ravAnA : pathika kAryAlaya C/o. bho. je. vidyAbhavana, eca. ke. koleja kempasa, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-380009 Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra