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________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir / kobAtIrthamaMDana zrI mahAvIrasvAmine namaH / / / / anaMtalabdhinidhAna zrI gautamasvAmine namaH / / / / gaNadhara bhagavaMta zrI sudharmAsvAmine namaH / / / / yoganiSTha AcArya zrImad buddhisAgarasUrIzvarebhyo namaH / / / cAritracUDAmaNi AcArya zrImad kailAsasAgarasUrIzvarebhyo namaH / / AcArya zrI kailAsasAgarasUrijJAnamaMdira punitapreraNA va AzIrvAda rASTrasaMta zrutoddhAraka AcAryadeva zrImat padmasAgarasUrIzvarajI ma. sA. jaina mudrita graMtha skeniMga prakalpa graMthAMka :1 jaina ArAdhanA na kandra mahAvIra kobA. // amarta tu vidyA zrI mahAvIra jaina ArAdhanA kendra zahara zAkhA AcAryazrI kailAsasAgarasUri jJAnamaMdira kobA, gAMdhInagara-zrI mahAvIra jaina ArAdhanA kendra AcAryazrI kailAsasAgarasUri jJAnamaMdira kobA, gAMdhInagara-382007 (gujarAta) (079) 23276252, 23276204 pheksa : 23276249 Websiet : www.kobatirth.org Email : Kendra@kobatirth.org AcAryazrI kailAsasAgarasUri jJAnamaMdira zahara zAkhA AcAryazrI kailAsasAgarasUri jJAnamaMdira traNa baMgalA, Tolakanagara parivAra DAiniMga haoNla kI galI meM pAlaDI, ahamadAbAda - 380007 (079)26582355 - - - For Private And Personal Use Only
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________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www. kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir (3) jaina kAla-gaNanA viSayaka eka tIsarI prAcIna paraMparA [ lekhaka - zrI muni kalyANavijaya ] kAla-gaNanA saMbaMdhI do prAcIna paraMparAoM kA varNana hamane mUla lekha meM kara diyA hai aura unake vivecana meM upalabdha sAmagrI kA yatheccha upayoga bhI kara diyA hai, para meTara preta meM bhejane ke bAda hameM isa viSaya kI eka naI paraMparA upalabdha huI hai jisakA saMkSipta paricaya isa lekha meM diyA jAtA hai / kucha dina pahale mujhe mAlUma huA ki kacha deza ke kisI pustaka bhAMDAra meM prAcArya himavat-kRta " therAvalI" vidyamAna hai / maiMne isa prAkRta bhASAmayI mUla therAvalo kI prApti ke liye udyoga kiyA aura kara rahA hU~, para aba taka mUla pustaka mere hastagata nahIM huI, kevala usakA jAmanagara nivAsI paM0 hIrA. lAla haMsarAja - kRta gujarAtI bhASAMtara prApta huA hai, prastuta lekha usI bhASAMtara ke AdhAra para likhA jA rahA hai 1 prAcArya himavAn eka prasiddha sthavira the / prasiddha anuyogapravartaka skaMdilAcArya aura nAgArjuna vAcaka kA sattAsamaya hI ina himavAn kA sattA samaya thA isameM koI saMdeha nahIM hai; kyoMki devarddhigaNa kI naMdI - yerAvalI meM inakA skaMdila ke bAda aura nAgArjuna ke pahale ullekha * yaha pUrva - prakAzita lekha kA pariziSTa hai / For Private And Personal Use Only
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________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www. kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 76 . nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA hai aura prastuta yerAvalI meM inako skaMdila kA ziSya likhA hai| para yaha nizcaya honA kaThina hai ki yaha therAvalI prastuta himavatkRta hai yA anya krtRk| isameM kaI prAcIna aura azrutapUrva bAteM aisI haiM jinakA prAcIna zilAlekhoM se bhI samarthana hotA hai , aura ina bAtoM kA pratipAdana isameM dekhakara ise prAcIna mAnane ko jI cAhatA hai, para katipaya bAteM aisI bhI haiM jo isa therAvalI kI himavat-kartRkatA meM zaMkA utpanna karatI haiM , vastutaH yaha therAvalI himavat-kRta hai yA nahIM yaha prazna abhI anirNIta hai, isakA nirNaya kisI dUsare lekha meM kiyA jaaygaa| yahA~ para to isameM dI huI kAla-gaNanA aura mukhya mukhya anya ghaTanAoM kA digdarzana karAnA hI paryApta hogaa| therAvalI kI vizeSa vAte therAvalI kI prathama gAthA meM bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unake mukhya ziSya iMdrabhUti gautama ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai aura bAda meM 10 gAthAoM meM prasiddha sthavirAvaliyoM ke krama se sudharmA, jaMbU, prabhava, zayyaM bhava, yazobhadra, saMbhUtivijaya, bhadrabAhu, sthUlabhadra, Arya mahAgiri, 1 rAjA khAravela kA vaMza-isake bApa dAdoM ke nAma, isake putra vakrarAya aura pautra viduharAya ke nAma ityAdi aneka bAtoM kA patA zilAlekhoM se milatA hai, isakI carcA una sthaloM ke TippaNoM meM yathAsthAna kI jaaygii| 2 ratnaprabhasUri dvArA upakeza vaMza kI sthApanA kA ullekha, vikramArka aura gardabhilla saMbaMdhI ghaTanA, do tIna jagaha vikrama savatI ke prakAra vagairaha aisI bAteM haiM jo isa therAvalI kI Arya himavat kendrakAna meM saMzaya utpanna karatI haiN| For Private And Personal Use Only
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________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www. kobatirth.org jaina kAla-gaNanA prArya sustI aura susthita- supratibuddha-- ina sthaviroM kI vaMdanA kI hai / prAraMbha kI mUla gAthA isa prakAra hai Pe Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir gAthA 7vIM meM bhadrabAhu sUtraniryuktikAra likhA hai / 1 "naMmiNa vaddhamANaM, titthayaraM taM paraM payaM pattaM / iMdrabhU gaNanAhaM, kahemi therAvaliM kamaseo // 1 // " gAthA 6ThI meM eka mahattvapUrNa bAta kI sUcanA hai| sthavira yazobhadra ke varNana meM likhA hai ki unake samaya meM pratilobhI AThavA~ naMda magadha kA rAjA thaa| dekhA nimnalikhita gAthA "jasamaddo muNi pavaro, tappaya sohaMkaro paro jAyo / aTumaNaMdA magadde, rajjaM kui tathA ilAhI || 6 | bhadra kA svargavAsa isa therAvalI meM tathA dUsarI saba paTTAvaliyoM meM vIra nirvANa se 148 varSa bItane para honA likhA hai / isI samaya kI sUcanA AThaveM naMda ke hone kI isa gAthA meM kI hai / isa therAvalI meM prAge jo nirvANa se 154 ke bAda caMdragupta maurya kA rAjyArohaNa likhA hai tathA AcArya hemacaMdra ne pariziSTa parva meM nirvANa se 155 veM varSa meM caMdragupta kA jo rAjA honA likhA hai usakA isa ullekha se samarthana hotA hai / ko aMtima caturdazapUrvI aura 77 gAthAvoM meM prArya mahAgiri ko jinakalpI aura sustI ko sthavirakalpI likhA hai / For Private And Personal Use Only gAthA 10vIM meM Arya suhastI ke ziSya yugala susthita supratibuddha kA varNana hai; isameM ina donoM sthaviroM ko kaliMgAdhipa- bhikSurAja- sammAnita likhA hai / dekhA Age kI gAthA
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________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www. kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA "sudviya supaDibuddhe, prajje dunne vi te namasAmi / bhikkhurAya-kaliMgA-hiveNa sammANie jiDheM // 10 // " isake bAda inhIM gAthAoM meM varNita prAcAryoM kI paTTa-paraMparA kA gadya meM varNana kiyA hai, aura kauna prAcArya nirvANa pIche kitane varSoM ke bAda svargaprApta hue isakA spaSTa nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| ina saMvatsaroM kA ullekha hama Age ghaTanAvalI meM kreNge| ___ yahA~ para bhadrabAhu ke svargavAsa ke saMbaMdha meM eka naI bAta dekhane meM AI hai| zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kA svargavAsa kisa sthAna para huA, isakA vRttAMta merutuMgIya aMcalagaccha pahAvalI ke atirikta kisI zvetAMbara jaina graMtha meM mere dekhane meM nahIM pAyA thaa| digaMbara jaina sAhitya meM bhI isa bAta kA nirNaya nahIM hai| bahutere digaMbara lekhaka inakA svargavAsa maisUra rAjya ke hAsana jile meM zravaNabelagola ke pAsa caMdragiri nAmaka pahAr3o para huA batAte haiM, para anya katipaya graMthakAra inakA svargavAsa avaMti (mAlavA) meM huA aisA pratipAdana karate haiM; kiMtu hameM ina ullekhAM para koI vizvAsa nahIM hai; kyoMki ye ullekha varAhamihira ke bhAI dvitIya bhadrabAhu ko zrutakevalI samajhakara kie gae haiM, jaisA ki mUla lekha meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kA svargavAsa kisa sthAna para humA, isakA vRttAMta pUrvokta paTTAvalI ke sivA kahIM bhI nahIM milane se hama sazaMka the, para isa therAvalI meM isa viSaya kA spaSTa ullekha mila jAne se isa saMbaMdha meM aba hameM koI zaMkA nahIM rhii| isa therAvalI ke lekhAnusAra bhI zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kaliMga deza meM kumAra parvata para (Ajakala kA 'khaMDagiri' jo vikrama kI 10vIM For Private And Personal Use Only
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________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir jaina kAla-gaNanA tathA 11vIM zatAbdo taka kumAra parvata kahalAtA thA ) hI svargavAsI hue the| therAvalI kA zabdAnuvAda isa prakAra hai "aMtima caturdaza pUrvadhara sthavira zrI prArya bhadrabAhu bhI zakaTAla maMtrI ke putra prArya zrIsthUlabhadra ko apane paTTa para sthApita karake zrImahAvIra prabhu ke bAda 170 varSa vyatIta hone para paMdraha dina kA nirjala anazana kara kaliMga deza ke kumAra nAmaka parvata para pratimA ( dhyAna ) dhArI hokara svargavAsI hue|" ___ isake bAda prArya sthUlabhadra, mahAgiri aura sahastI kA jikra hai| Arya mahAgiri kI prazaMsA meM "vucchinne jiNakappe0" tathA "jiNakappaparIkamma" ye do prasiddha gAthAe dI haiM, jinameM dUsarI gAthA ke tRtIya caraNa meM kucha pAThAMtara hai| TIkAoM aura dUsarI paTTAvaliyoM meM isakA tRtIya caraNa "siTThigharammi suhatthI" isa prakAra hai, taba yahA~ para "kumaragirimmi suhasthI,'' yaha pATha hai| cUrNiyoM meM jo Arya mahAgiri kA vRttAMta milatA hai usase to prathama prasiddha pATha hI ThIka U~catA hai, para yahA~ to sApha likhA hai ki prArya suhastI ne kumAra parvata para bhArya mahAgiri kI stuti kI thI, isaliye yaha bhI eka spaSTa matabheda hI samajhanA caahie| magadha ke rAjavaMza Arya mahAgiri aura suhastI kA prasaMga chor3akara mAge biMbisAra (zreNika) aura ajAtazatru ( koNika ) tathA udAyI, navanaMda aura maurya rAjya-saMbaMdhI katipaya For Private And Personal Use Only
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________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA ghaTanAoM kA gadya meM varNana diyA hai jo avazya darzanIya hone se hama usakA zabdAnuvAda nIce dete haiM "usa kAla aura samaya meM, jaba ki zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra vicarate the, rAjagRha nagara me biMbisAra upanAma zreNika rAjA bhagavAna mahAvIra kA zreSTha amayopAsaka thA, pAvanAtha Adi ke caraNa yugaloM se pavitrita tathA sAdhu-sAdhviyoM se sevita kaliMga deza ke bhUSaNa samAna aura tIrtha-svarUpa kumAra kumArI nAmaka dono parvata para usa zreNika rAjA ne bhagavAn RSabhasvAmI tIrthakara kA ati manohara prAsAda banavAyA aura usameM zrI RSabhadeva prabhu kI suvarNamayI pratimA sudharmasvAmi dvArA pratiSThita karAkara sthApita kI thii| isake atirikta zreNika ne una donoM parvatoM meM nirmatha nigraMthiyoM ke cAturmAsya meM rahane yogya aneka guphAe~ khudavAI thIM, jinameM aneka nigraMtha aura nigraMthiyA~ dharma, jAgaraNa, dhyAna, zAstrAdhyayana aura vividha tapasyA ke sAtha sthiratApUrvaka cAturmAsya karate haiN| zreNika kA putra ajAtazatra apara nAma kANika huA jisane apane bApa ko piMjar3e meM kaidakara caMpA ko magadha kI rAjadhAnI bnaayaa| kANika bhI zreNika kI bhA~ti jainadharma kA anuyAyI utkRSTa zrAvaka thaa| usane bhI kaliMga deza ke kumAra tathA kumArI parvata para apane nAma se aMkita pA~ca guphAe~ khudvaaii| para pichale samaya meM kANika ne ati lobha aura abhimAna meM Akara cakravartI banane kI icchA kI, jisake pariNAma svarUpa use kRtamAla deva ne mAra ddaalaa| ___ bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa se 70 varSa ke bAda pArzvanAtha kI paraMparA ke 6The paTTadhara prAcArya ratnaprabha For Private And Personal Use Only
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________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www. kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir jaina kAla-gaNanA 81 ne upakeza nagara meM 180000 kSatriya - putroM ko upadeza dekara jainadharmI banAyA, vahA~ se upakeza nAmaka vaMza calA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirmANa ke bAda 31 varSa bItane para kANika putra udAyI ne pATaliputra nagara basAyA aura use magadha kI rAjadhAnI banAkara vaha rAjya kA kArobAra vahA~ le gayA / usa samaya meM udAyo ko dRr3ha jaina zrAvaka jAnakara sAdhu-vezadhArI kisI duzmana ne dharmakathA sunAne ke bahAne ekAMta meM le jAkara mAra DAlA / prabhu mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke anaMtara 60 varSa vyatIta hone para naMda nAma ke nApitaputra ko maMtriyoM ne pATaliputra nagara meM rAjyAsana para biThAyA / usake vaMza meM kramaza: jaMda nAmaka nava rAjA hue| unameM kA AThavA~ naMda atyaMta lobhI thA / midhyAtva se aMdhe bane hue usa naMda ne virocana nAmaka apane brAhmaNa maMtrI kI preraNA se kaliMga deza kA nAza kiyA aura tIrthasvarUpa parvata para kumAra zreNika rAjA ke banavAe hue RSabhadeva prAsAda kA nAza kara vaha usameM se RSabhadeva kI suvarNamayI pratimA ko uThAkara pATaliputra meM le gayA / mahAvIra - nirvANa se 154 varSa bItane ke bAda cANakya se prerita mauryaputra caMdragupta naveM naMda rAjA ko pATatiputra se nikAlakara magadha kA rAjA huaa| caMdragupta pahale jaina zrama kA dveSI bauddha dharmI thA para pIche se cANakya ke samajhAne para vaha jaina dharma kaH dRr3ha zraddhAvAn zrAvaka ho gayA thA / 11 For Private And Personal Use Only
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________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www. kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA ___ ati parAkramI caMdragupta ne silIkasa nAmaka yava / rAjA ke sAtha mitratA karake apane rAjya kA vistAra kiyA aura apane rAjya meM maurya saMvatsara sthApita kiyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra se 184 varSa vyatIta hone para caMdragupta kA svargavAsa huA aura usakA putra biMdusAra pATaliputra ke rAjyAsana para baitthaa| biMdusAra bhI jainadharma kA pArAdhaka parama zrAvaka thaa| usane 25 varSa taka rAjya kiyA aura vora nirvANa se 20 varSa ke bAda vaha dharmI rAjA svargavAsI huaa| nirvANa se 206 varSa ke aMta meM biMdusAra kA putra azoka pATaliputra ke rAjyAsana para baitthaa| azoka pahale jainadharma kA anuyAyI thA, para rAjyaprApti se 4 varSa ke bAda usane bauddhadharma kA pakSa kiyA, aura apanA nAma "priyadarzI', 2 rakhakara vaha bauddha dharma kI ArAdhanA meM tatpara huA / azoka bar3A parAkramI rAjA thaa| usane apane atula parAkrama se pRthivI maMDala ko jItakara kaliMga, mahArASTra, saurASTa Adi dezoM ko apane adhIna kiyA aura vahA~ bauddha dharma kA vistAra karake aneka bauddha vihAroM kI sthApanA kI; pazcima parvata tathA viMdhyAcala Adi meM cauddha zramaNa (1) mahAvaMza Adi bauddha graMthoM se bhI isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai / vahA~ likhA hai ki 3 varSa taka azoka anyAnya darzanoM ko mAnatA rahA aura pIche se vaha bauddhadharmo ho gyaa| (2) azoka ke prasiddha zilAlekhoM meM sarvatra isa "priyadarzI" nAma kA hI vyavahAra kiyA gayA hai| kevala 'maskI' ke eka zilAlekha meM "devAnaMpiyasa asokasa" isa prakAra 'azoka' nAma kA vyavahAra kiyA gayA hai| For Private And Personal Use Only
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________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www. kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir jaina kAla-gaNanA zramaNiyoM ko cAturmAsya meM rahane ke liye aneka guphAe~ khudavAI aura vividha prAsanevAlI buddha kI mUrtiyA~ unameM sthApita kii| giranAra Adi aneka sthAnoM meM azoka ne apane nAma se aMkita prAjJAlekha stUpa tathA khaDakoM para khudavAe; siMhala dvIpa, cIna, tathA brahmadeza Adi dvIpoM meM bauddha dharma kA pracAra karane ke vicAra se pATaliputra meM bauddha amarNA kI sabhA kI aura usa sabhA kI sammati ke anusAra rAjA azoka ne aneka bauddha zramaNoM ko vahA~ ( siMhalAdi dvIpoM meM ) bhejaa| azoka jainadharma ke nimraba-nigraMthiyoM kA bhI sammAna karatA, para unakA dveSa kabhI nahIM karatA thaa| azoka ke aneka putra the| unameM kuNAla nAmaka putra rAjya ke yogya thaa| vaha bhAvI rAjA hone kI saMbhAvanA se apanI sautelI mAtAoM kI A~khoM kA kA~TA thA, isaliye azoka ne usako apane maMtriyoM ke sAtha ujjayinI nagarI meM rakhA, para vahA~ para bhI sautelI mA~ ke SaDyaMtra se kuNAla aMdhA ho gyaa| yaha vRttAMta sunakara azoka bahuta kruddha huA aura usane usa prapaMcI rAnI tathA katipaya nAlAyaka rAjaku~varoM ko maravA DAlA aura pIche se kuNAla ke putra saMgrati ko apane rAjya kA uttarAdhikArI bnaayaa| mahAvIra-nirvANa se 244 varSa ke bAda azoka paralokavAsI huaa| saMprati pATaliputra meM rAjyAbhiSikta humA, para vahA~ rahane meM apane virodhiyoM kI ora se zaMkita hokara usane rAjadhAnI pATaliputra kA tyAga kiyA aura apane bApa ko jAgIra meM milI huI ujjayinI meM jAkara vaha sukhapUrvaka rAjya karane lgaa| For Private And Personal Use Only
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________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www. kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 84 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA - isake bAda therAvastIkAra ne saMprati kA pUrvabhava saMbaMdhI vRttAMta aura prArya suhastI dvArA usake jaina dharma svIkAra karane kA hAla likhA hai, jo ati prasiddha hone se yahA~ nahIM likhA jAtA hai| saMti ne jainadharma ke pracArArtha jo kAma kiyA usakA varNana therAvalI ke hI zabdoM meM nIce diyA jAtA hai "prAcAryajI (prArya suhastI jI) ne kahA-he rAjan ! aba tuma prabhAvanApUrvaka phira jaina dharma kA pArAdhana karo jisase bhaviSya meM vaha tumheM svarga aura mokSa dene meM samartha ho| prAcArya kA upadeza sunakara rAjA ne ujjayinI meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kI bRhat sabhA kI aura apane rAjya meM jaina dharma kA pracAra karane ke nimitta aneka gA~va nagaroM meM upadezaka sAdhuoM ko vihAra karavAyA; yahI nahIM, anArya dezoM meM bhI usane jainadharma kA pracAra karavAyA aura aneka jina maMdira tathA pratimAoM se pRthivI ko alaMkRta kara diyaa| mahAvIra-nirvANa se 263 varSa pUre hue taba jaina dharma kA parama upAsaka rAjA saMprati svargavAsI huaa| mahAvIra-nirvANa se 246 varSoM ke bAda azoka kA putra puNyaratha pATaliputra kA rAjA huaa|' yaha rAjA bauddha dharma kA prArAdhaka thaa| (1) yaha puNyaratha aura purANoM kA dazaratha eka hI vyakti hai| dazaratha ke nAma ke tIna zilAlekha khalatika parvata para AjIvika sAdhuoM ko guphAoM kA dAna karane ke saMbaMdha meM likhe hue mile haiM unase bhI yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki priyadarzi ( azoka ) ke bAda pATaliputra meM dazaratha kA rAjyAbhiSeka huA thA / (dekho Age kA lekha / ) For Private And Personal Use Only
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________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www. kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir jaina kAla-gaNanA 85 rAjA puNyaratha mahAvIra nirvANa se 280 va ke bAda apane putra vRddharatha' ko rAjya dekara paralokavAsI huA / bauddha dharma ke anuyAyI rAjA vRddharatha ko mArakara usakA senApati puSyamitra mahAvIra nirvANa se 304 varSa ke bAda pATaliputra ke rAjyAsana para baiThA / " rAjA khAravela aura usakA vaMza pATaliputrIya maurya rAjya zAkhA ko puSyamitra taka pahu~cAne ke bAda therAvalIkAra ne kaliMga deza ke rAjavaMza kA varNana diyA hai| hAthIguMphA ke lekha se kaliMga cakravartI khAravela kA to thor3A bahuta paricaya vidvAnoM ko avazya hai, para usake vaMza aura usakI saMtati ke viSaya meM abhI taka kucha bhI prAmANika nirNaya nahIM huA thaa| hAthIguMphA ke lekha ke " cetavasavadhanasa" isa ullekha se koI koI vidvAn khAravela ko "caitravaMzIya" samajhate the, taba koI use " ce divaMza" kA rAjA kahate the / hamAre prastuta therAvalIkAra ne isa viSaya ko bilakula spaSTa kara diyA hai| yerAvalI ke lekhAnusAra khAravela na to caitradazya thA aura na cedivaMzyaH vaha to "ceTavaMzya " thA; kyoMki vaha vaizAlI ke prasiddha rAjA ceTaka ke putra kaliMgarAja zobhanarAya kI vaMza paraMparA meM janmA thA / ajAtazatru ke sAtha kI lar3AI meM ceTaka ke marane para usa kA putra zobhanarAya vahA~ se bhAgakara kisa prakAra "hiyakA kubhA daSalayena devAnaM priyenAnaMtaliyaM zrabhiSitenA [ zrAjIvakehi ] bhadaMtehi vASa niSidiyAye niSive" / ( priyadarzi prazastayaH, TippaNa vibhAga, pRSTha 38 ) ( 1 ) purANoM meM isakA nAma "bRhadratha" milatA hai / For Private And Personal Use Only
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________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www. kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 86 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA va liMgarAja ke pAsa gayA aura kaliMga kA rAjA huA ityAdi vRttAMta therAvalI ke zabdoM meM hI nIce likha dete haiM / vidvAna loga dekheMge ki kaisI apUrva ghaTanA hai / "vaizAlI kA rAjA caTaka tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA utkRSTa zramaNopAsaka thaa| caMpA nagarI kA adhipati rAjA kANika, jo ki caTaka kA bhAnajA thA, (anya zvetAMbara jaina saMpradAya ke graMthoM meM kANika ko caTaka kA dohitA likhA ) vaizAlI para car3ha AyA aura usane lar3AI meM caTaka ko harA diyA / lar3AI meM hArane ke bAda anna-jala kA tyAga kara rAjA ceTaka svargavAsI huaa| ceMTaka kA zobhanarAya nAma kA eka putra vahA~ se ( vaizAlI nagarI se ) bhAgakara apane vara kaliMgAdhipati sulocana kI zaraNa meM gayA / sulocana ke putra nahIM thA isaliye apane dAmAda zobhanarAya ko kaliMga deza kA rAjyAsana dekara vaha paralokavAsI huA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke bAda 18 varSa bItane para zobhanAya kA kaliMga kI rAjadhAnI kanakapura meM rAjyAbhiSeka huA / zobhanarAya jaina dharma kA upAsaka thaa| vaha kaliMga deza meM tIrthasvarUpa kumAra parvata para yAtrA karake utkRSTa zrAvaka bana gayA / zobhanarAya ke vaMza meM pA~cavIM pIr3ho meM caMDarAya nAmaka rAjA huA jo mahAvIra ke nirvANa se 148 varSa paraliMga ke rAjyAsana para baiThA thA / caMDarAya ke samaya meM pATaliputra nagara meM AThavA~ naMda rAjA rAjya karatA thA, jo mithyAdharmI aura prati lobhI thaa| vaha kaliMga deza ko naSTa bhraSTa karake tIrtha svarUpa For Private And Personal Use Only
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________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir jaina kAla-gaNanA kumAragiri para neNika ke banavAe hue jina-maMdira ko tor3a usameM rakhI huI RSabhadeva kI suvarNamayI pratimA ko uThAkara pATaliputra meM le paayaa| isake bAda zobhanarAya kI 8vIM pIr3hI meM kSemarAja' nAmaka kaliMga kA rAjA huaa| vIra nirvANa ke bAda jA 227 varSa pUre hue taba kaliga ke rAjyAsana para kSemarAja kA abhiSeka huA aura nirvANa se 236 varSa bItane para magadhAdhipati azoka ne kaliMga para car3hAI kI' aura vahA~ ke rAjA kSemarAja ko apanI AjJA manAkara vahA~ para usane apanA gupta saMvatsara claayaa| (7) hAthIguphAvAle khAravela ke zilAlekha meM bhI paMkti 16 vIM meM " khemarAjA sa" isa prakAra khAravela ke pUrvaja ke taura se kSemarAja kA nAmollekha kiyA hai| (2) kaliMga para car3hAI karane kA jikra azoka ke zilAlekha meM bhI hai| para vahAM para azoka ke rAjyAbhiSeka ke AThave varSa ke bAda kaliMga vijaya kA ullekha hai| rAjyaprApti ke bAda 3 athavA 4 varSa pIche azoka kA rAjyAbhiSeka huaA mAna lene para kaliMga kA yuddha azoka ke rAjya ke 12-13 veM varSa meM AyagA / therAvalI meM azoka kI rAjyaprApti nirvANa se 206 varSa ke bAda likhI hai| arthAt 210 meM ise rAjyAdhikAra milA aura 236 meM usane kaliMga vijaya kiyaa| isa hisAba se kaliMga vijayavAlI ghaTanA azoka ke rAjya ke 30 ve varSa ke aMta meM prAtI hai, jo ki zilAlekha se mela nahIM khaatii| (3) azoka ke gupta saMvatsara calAne kI bAta ThIka nahIM jNctii| mAlUma hotA hai, therAvalI-lekhaka ne apane samaya meM pracalita gupta rAjAoM ke calAe gupta saMvat ko azoka kA calAyA huA mAna lene kA dhokhA khAyA hai| isI ullekha se isakI ati prAcInatA ke saMbaMdha meM bhI zaMkA utpanna hotI hai| For Private And Personal Use Only
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________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www. kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA mahAvIra-nirvANa se 275 varSa ke bAda kSemarAja kA putra vuDDharAja' kaliMga deza kA rAjA huaaa| vuDDharAja jainadharma kA parama upAsaka thaa| usane kubhAragiri aura kumArIgiri nAmaka do parva para zramaNa aura nirgathiyo ke cAturmAsya karane yogya 11 guphAe~ khudavAI thii| ___ bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ko jaba 300 varSa pUre hue taba vuDDharAya kA putra bhikkhurAya kaliMga kA rAjA huaa| bhikkhurAya ke nIce likhe anusAra tIna nAma kahe jAte haiM nigraMtha bhikSuoM kI bhakti karanevAlA hone se usakA eka nAma "bhikkhurAya" thaa| pUrvaparaMparAgata "mahAmegha' nAmaka hAtho usakA vAhana hone se usakA dUsarA nAma "mahAmeghaH vAhana" thaa| usakI rAjadhAnI samudra ke kinAre para hone se usakA tIsarA nAma "khAravelAdhipati" thaa|' bhikSurAja atizaya parAkramI aura apanI hAthI Adi kI senA se pRthivI-maMDala kA vijetA thaa| usane magA deza ke rAjA puSyamitra ko parAjita karake apanI prAjJA mnvaaii| pahale naMdarAjA RSabhadeva kI jisa pratimA ko uThA le gayA thA use vaha pATaliputra (1) 'vuDaDharAja' kA bhI khAravela ke hAthIguphAvAle lekha meM "vuDDharAjA sa" isa prakAra ullekha hai| (2) hAthIguphA ke lekha meM bhI bhinurAjA, mahAmeghavAhana aura khAravelasiri ina tInoM nAmoM kA prayoga khAravela ke liye huA hai| (3) khAravela ke zilAlekha meM bhI magadha ke rAjA bRhaspatimitra (puSyamitra kA paryAya ) ko jItane kA ullekha hai| For Private And Personal Use Only
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________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www. kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir jena kAla-gaNanA nagara se vApisa apanI rAjadhAnI meM le gayA aura kumAragiri tIrtha meM zreNika ke banavAe hue jina-maMdira kA punaruddhAra karAke Arya suhastI ke ziSya supratibuddha nAma ke sthaviroM ke hAtha se use phira pratiSThita karAkara usameM sthApita kiyA / ___ pahale jo bAraha varSa taka duSkAla par3A thA usameM pArya mahAgiri aura Arya suhastIjI ke aneka ziSya zuddha AhAra na milane ke kAraNa kumAragiri nAmaka tIrtha meM anazana karake zarIra chor3a cuke the| usI duSkAla ke prabhAva se tIrthakaro ke gaNadharo dvArA prarUpita bahutere siddhAMta bhI naSTaprAya ho gae the, yaha jAnakara bhikkhurAya ne jaina-siddhAMtoM kA saMgraha aura jaina dharma kA vistAra karane ke liye saMmati rAjA kI nAI zramaNa nigraMtha tathA niSiyoM kI eka sabhA vahA~ kumArI parvata nAmaka tIrtha para ikaTTho kI, jisameM Arya mahAgirijI kI paraMparA ke balissaha, bodhiliMga, devAcArya, dharmasenAcArya, nakSatrAcArya, prAdika do sau jinakalpa kI tulanA karanevAle jinakalpI sAdhu, tathA Arya susthita, Arya supratibuddha, umAsvAti, zyAmAcAya prabhRti tIna sau sthavirakalpI nigraMtha pAe / prAryA pANI prAdika tIna sau nigraMthI sAdhviyAM bhI vahA~ ikaTThI huI thiiN| bhikkhurAya, sIvaMda, cUrNaka, (1) naMdarAja dvArA le jAI gaI jina-mUti ko kaliMga meM vApisa le jAne kA hAthIguphA meM isa prakAra spaSTa ullekha hai___ "naMdarAjanItaM ca kAliMga jinaM saMnivesaM...gRha ratanAna paDihAre hi aMgamAgadha-vasuca neyAti [1]" (hAthIguphA lekha paMkti 12, bihAra-zrorisA jarnala, vaoNlyuma 4 bhAga 4) / For Private And Personal Use Only
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________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www. kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 60 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA selaka Adi sAta sau zramaNopAsaka aura bhikkhurAya kI sro pUrNamitrA Adi sAta sau zrAvikAe~, bhI usa sabhA meM upasthita thiiN| putra, pautra aura rAniyoM ke parivAra se suzobhita bhikkhurAya ne saba nigraMthoM aura nigraMthiyoM ko namaskAra karake kahAmahAnubhAvo ! aba Apa vardhamAna tIrthakara prarUpita jaina dharma kI unnati aura vistAra karane ke liye sarva zakti se udyamavaMta ho jaayN"| bhikkhurAya ke uparyukta prastAva para sarva nirmatha aura nirgathiyoM ne apanI sammati prakaTa kI aura bhikkhurAya se pUjita satkRta aura sammAnita nigraMtha aura nigraMthiyA~ magadha, mathurA, vaMga prAdi dezoM meM tIrthakara-prayIta dharma kI unnati ke liye nikala pdd'e| ____ usake bAda bhikkhurAya ne kumAragiri aura kumArI. giri nAmaka parvata para jina pratimAoM se zobhita aneka guphAe~ khudavAI', vahA~ jinakalpa kI tulanA karanevAle nigraMtha varSAkAla meM kumArI parvata kI guphAoM meM rahate aura jo sthavirakalpI nigraMtha hote ve kumAra parvata kI guphAoM meM varSAkAla meM rhte| isa prakAra bhikkhurAya ne nigraMthoM ke liye vibhinna vyavasthA kara dI thii| ___ uparyukta sarva vyavasthA se kRtArtha hue bhikkhurAya ne balissaha, umAsvAti, zyAmAcAryAdika sthaviroM ko namaskAra karake jinAgamoM meM mukuTa-tulya dRSTivAda aMga kA saMgraha karane ke liye prArthanA kii| bhikkhurAya kI preraNA se pUrvokta sthavira prAcAryoM ne pravaziSTa dRSTivAda ko zramaNa-samudAya se thor3A thor3A ekatra For Private And Personal Use Only
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________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www. kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir jaina kAla-gaNanA 1 kara bhojapatra, tAr3apatra aura valkala para akSaroM se lipibaddha karake bhikkhurAya kA manoratha pUrNa kiyA aura isa prakAra ve prArya sudharma-racita dvAdazAMgI ke saMrakSaka hue| ___ usI prasaMga para zyAmAcArya ne nigraMtha sAdhu sAdhviyoM ke sukha bodhArtha 'pannavaNA sUtra' kI racanA kii| __ sthavira zrI umAsvAtijI ne usI uddeza se niyukti sahita 'tatvArtha sUtra' kI racanA kii| sthavira Arya balissaha ne vidyApravAda pUrva meM se 'aMgavidyA' Adi zAroM kI racanA kii| isa prakAra jinazAsana kI unnati karanevAlA bhikkhurAya anekavidha dharma kArya karake mahAvIra-nirvANa se 330 varSoM ke bAda svargavAsI humaa| bhikkhurAya ke bAda usakA putra vakrarAya kaliMga kA adhipati hupraa| vakrarAya bhI jainadharma kA anuyAyI aura unnati karane (1) zyAmAcArya kRta 'panavaNA sUtra' aba taka vidyamAna hai| (2) umAsvAti kRta 'tatvArtha sUtra' aura isakA svopajJa bhASya abhI taka vidyamAna hai| yahA~ para ullikhita 'niyukti' zabda saMbhavataH isa bhASya ke hI artha meM prayukta huaA jAna par3atA hai| (3) aMgavidyA prakIrNaka bhI hAla taka maujUda hai| koI nau hajAra zloka pramANa kA yaha prAkRta gadya padya meM likhA huA 'sAmudrika vidyA' kA graMtha hai| (4) kaliMga deza ke udayagiri parvata kI mAnikapura guphA ke eka dvAra para khudA huA vakradeva ke nAma kA zilAlekha milA hai jo isI cakrarAya kA hai / lekha nIce diyA jAtA hai For Private And Personal Use Only
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________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 12 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA vAlA thaa| dharmArAdhana aura samAdhi ke sAtha yaha vIra-nirvANa se tIna sau bAsaTha varSa ke bAda svargavAsI huaa| vakrarAya ke bAda usakA putra 'viduharAya' kaliMgadeza kA adhipati humA / viduharAya ne bhI ekAgra citta se jaina dharma ko pArAdhanA kii| nigraMtha samUha se prazaMsita yaha rAjA mahAvIranirvANa se tIna sau paMcAnabe varSa ke bAda svargavAsI huA / " ujjayinI kI maurya rAjyazAkhA mahAn rAjA azoka ke bAda maurya rAjya ke do hisse ho jAne kA vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai, isa anumAna kA isa therAvalI se bhI samarthana hotA hai| bhagA ke rAjavaMzoM ke nirUpaNa meM saMprati ke prasaMga meM kahA gayA hai ki saMprati apane virodhiyoM ke bhaya se pATaliputra ko chor3akara ujjayinI meM calA gayA thaa| usI prasaMga meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki nirvANa se 244 varSoM ke Upara azoka kA svargavAsa huA thA aura 246 meM puNyaratha (purANoM kA dazaratha) pATaliputra ke rAjyAsana para baiThA thaa| isakA artha yaha hai ki azoka ke bAda saMprati pATaliputra kA rAjA "verasa mahArAjasa kaliMgAdhipatinA mahAmedhavAhana vakradeva sirinA leNaM" / (jinavijaya saMpAdita prAcIna jaina lekhasaMgraha pR0 46 / ) (1) udayagiri kI maMcapurIguphA ke sAtaveM kamare meM vidurAya ke nAma kA eka choTA lekha hai / usameM likhA hai ki yaha layana [ guphA] 'kumAra vidurAya' kI hai| lekha ke mUla zabda nIce die jAte haiM-- "kumAra vaduravasa lena" (epigrAphikA iMDikA jilda 13 ) For Private And Personal Use Only
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________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www. kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 83 jaina kAla-gaNanA huA thA para virodhiyoM se taMga Akara do varSa ke bAda usake ujjayinI meM cale jAne para pATaliputra kA siMhAsana puNyaratha (dazaratha) ko milA thaa| saMprati ke svargavAsa paryata kA vRttAMta pahale diyA jA cukA hai, isaliye yahA~ para saMprati ke bAda ke maurya rAjAoM kA jikra therAvalI ke hI zabdoM meM diyA jAtA hai___"ujjayinI ke rAjA saMprati ke koI putra nahIM thA isaliye usake marane para vahA~ kA rAjyAsana azoka ke putra tiSyagupta ke putra balamitra aura bhAnumitra nAmaka rAjakumAroM ko milaa| ye donoM bhAI jaina dharma ke upAsaka the| ye vIra-nirvANa se 264 varSa ke bAda ujjayinI ke rAjya para baiThe aura nirvANa se 354 va ke bAda svargavAsI hue| ___ isake bAda balamitra kA putra nabhovAhana ujjayinI meM rAjyAbhiSikta hushraa| nabhovAhana bhI jainadharmI thaa| vaha nirvANa se tIna sau caurAnabe varSa ke bAda svargavAsI huaa| usake bAda nAvAhana kA putra gardabhilla--jo gardabhI vidyA jAnanevAlA thA--ujjayinI ke rAjyAsana para baitthaa|" isI prasaMga meM kAlakAcArya kA vRttAMta, unakI bahana sarasvatI sAdhvI kA gardabhilla dvArA apahAra aura lar3AI karake sAdhvI ko chur3Ane Adi kA vRttAMta diyA huA hai jo prati prasiddha hone se yahA~ para nahIM likhA jAtA hai| hA~, yahA~ para eka bAta vizeSa hai, saba cUrNiyoM aura kAlaka For Private And Personal Use Only
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________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www. kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 64 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA kathAoM meM yaha likhA gayA hai ki kAlaka ne 'pArisakula meM jAkara vahA~ ke sAhi athavA zAkhi nAmadhArI 16 rAjA ko hiMdustAna meM lAkara gardabhilla ke Upara car3hAI karavAI', taba isameM isa prasaMga meM itanA hI kahA hai ki 'siMdhu deza meM sAmaMta nAmaka zaka rAjA rAjya karatA thA, usake pAsa kAlaka gae aura use ujjayinI para car3hA laae|' isa lar3AI meM gardabhilla mArA jAtA hai, ujjayinI para zaka rAjA adhikAra karatA hai aura sarasvatI ko phira dIkSA dekara kAlaka bharoca kI tarapha vihAra karate haiN| kAlAMtara meM gardabhilla kA putra vikramAditya zaka rAjA ko jIta kara ujjayinI kA rAjya apane hAtha meM kara letA hai, yaha bAta therAvalI ke zabdoM meM nIce likhI jAtI hai| ___ "usake bAda gardabhilla kA putra vikramArka zaka rAjA ko jItakara mahAvIra-nirvANa se cAra sau dasa varSa bItane para ujjayinI ke rAjyAsana para baitthaa|| vikramArka prati parAkramI, jainadharma kA prArAdhaka aura paropakAraniSTha hone se pratyaMta lokapriya ho gyaa|" ___ yahA~ para vikramArka-rAjyAraMbha vIra-nirvANa saMvat 410 ke aMta meM likhA hai aura merutuMga kI vicAra-zreNi prAdi ke anusAra vikramAditya ne 60 varSa taka rAjya kiyA thA, isa hisAba se vikramAditya kA maraNa nirvANa se 470 varSa ke bAda huaa| prAcArya devasena, amitagati Adi jo vikrama mRtyusaMvat kA ullekha karate haiM usakA khulAsA isa lekha se svaya ho jAtA hai| vIra aura vikrama kA aMtara tI 470 varSa kA hI hai para prastuta paraMparA ke anusAra For Private And Personal Use Only
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________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www. kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir jaina kAla-gaNanA yaha aMtara mahAvIra ke nirvANa aura vikrama ke maraNa kA hai, taba anya gaNanA-paraMparAnoM meM yaha aMtara vIra-nirvANa aura vikrama-rAjyArohaNa kA athavA vikrama saMvatsara-pravRtti kA mAnA gayA hai| prastuta therAvalI kI gaNanA ke anusAra mahAvIra-nirvANa se vikrama-rAjyAraMbha taka ke 410 varSoM kA hisAba nIce ke vivaraNa se jJAta hogaa| nirvANa ke bAda koNika tathA udAthI' navanaMda caMdragupta biMdusAra azoka saMprati balamitra-bhAnumitra nabhovAhana tathA zaka (1) titthogAlI painnaya kI gaNanA meM 60 varSa pAlaka ke liye haiM, para isameM pAlaka kA kahIM bhI nAma-nirdeza nahIM hai| (2) saMprati 263 ke bAda svarga gayA aura 264 ke bAda balamitra bhAnumitra rAjA hue| isase mAlUma hotA hai, bIca meM 1 varSa taka koI rAjA nahIM rahA hogA-arAjakatA rahI hogii| For Private And Personal Use Only
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________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www. kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA vikramAditya ke rAjya prAraMbha kA ullekha karake therA. valIkAra ne rAja-prakaraNa ko chor3a diyA hai aura Arya mahAgiri se lekara Arya skaMdila taka ke sthaviroM kA gAthAoM se vaMdana kiyA hai| ye gAthAe~ naMdI therAvalI kI "elAvaJcasaguttaM' isa gAthA se lekara "jesi imo aNuaogo" yahA~ taka kI gAthAoM se abhinna hogI, aisA isake bhASAMtara se jJAta hotA hai| ___ Age inhIM gAthAoM kA sAra gadya meM diyA hai jaisA ki nandIcUrNikAra ne diyA hai, isalie isakI carcA karane kI koI jarUrata nahIM hai| isameM jo vizeSa hakIkata hai usakA varNana therAvalI ke hI zabdoM meM nIce diyA jAtA hai| ___"Arya revatI nakSatra ke Arya siMha nAmaka ziSya hue, jo brahmadvIpaka siMha ke nAma se prasiddha the| sthavira prArya siMha ke do ziSya hue---madhumitra aura Arya skaMdila / Arya madhumitra ke prArya gaMdhahastI nAmaka bar3e prabhAvaka aura vidvAn ziSya hue| pUrva kAla meM mahAsthavira umAsvAti vAcaka ne jo tattvArthasatra nAmaka zAstra racA thA usa para Arya gaMdhahastI ne 80000 zloka pramANavAlA mahAbhASya bnaayaa| itanA hI nahIM, sthavira Arya skaMdilajI ke Agraha se gaMdhahastIjI ne gyAraha aMgoM para TIkA rUpa vivaraNa bhI likhe, isa viSaya meM prAcArAMga ke vivaraNa ke aMta meM likhA hai ki___"madhumitra nAmaka sthavira ke ziSya tIna pUrvo ke jJAtA muniyoM ke samUha se vaMdita, rAgAdi-doSa-rahita // 1 // aura brahmadvIpika zAkhA ke mukuTa samAna prAcArya gaMdhahastI ne For Private And Personal Use Only
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________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www. kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir jaina kAla-gaNanA vikramAditya ke bAda 200 varSa bItane para yaha (pAcArAMga kA ) vivaraNa banAyA / " Arya skaMdila therAvalI ke aMta meM Arya skaMdila kA vRttAMta aura unake kie hue siddhAMtoddhAra kA varNana diyA hai, pAThakagaNa ke avalokanArtha yaha varNana bhI hama therAvalI ke hI zabdoM meM nIce uddhRta karate haiM " aba prArya skaMdilAcArya kA vRttAMta isa prakAra haiuttara mathuga meM megharatha' nAmaka utkRSTa zramaNopAsaka aura jinAjJA-pratipAlaka brAhmaNa thA, usake rUpasenA nAma kI zIlavatI kI thI aura semaratha nAmaka putra thaa| ___ eka bAra brahmadvIpikA zAkhA ke prAcArya siMha sthavira vihAra-krama se mathurA meM padhAre aura unake upadeza se vairAgya pAkara brAhmaNa semaratha ne unake pAsa dIkSA lii| usa avasara meM prAdhe bhAratavarSa meM bAraha varSa kA bhayaMkara duSkAla par3A jisake prabhAva se bhikSA na milane ke kAraNa kitane hI jaina nirmatha vaibhAra parvata tathA kumAragiri Adi tIrtho meM anazana karake svargavAsI ho ge| usa samaya jinazAsana ke aAdhArabhUta pUrva saMgRhIta gyAraha aMga naSTaprAya ho ge| poche se duSkAla kA aMta hone para vikrama saMvat 153 meM sthavira Arya skaMdila ne mathurA meM jaina nigraMthoM kI sabhA ekatra kii| sabhA meM sthavirakalpI madhumitrAcArya tathA Arya gaMdhahastI (1) prAcIna jaina graMthakAra aAjakala kI 'mathurA' ko uttara mathurA kahate the aura dakSiNa deza kI Adhunika 'madurA' ko dakSiNa mthuraa| For Private And Personal Use Only
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________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www. kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 68 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA prabhRti 125 nigraMtha ekatra hue| usa samaya una nigraMthoM ke avazeSa mukha-pAThoM ( kaMThastha pAThoM) ko milAkara prAcArya gaMdhahastI Adi sthavira kI sammatipUrvaka Arya skaMdilajI ne gyAraha aMgoM kI saMkalanA kI aura sthavirapravara skaMdila kI preraNA se prAcArya gaMdhahastI ne bhadbAhu niyukti ke anusAra una gyAraha aMgoM para vivaraNa kI racanA kii| taba se sarva sUH bhAratavarSa meM mAthurI vAcanA ke nAma se prasiddha hue| mathurA - nivAsI zivAlavaMza - ziromaNi zrAvaka pAlAka ne gaMdhahastI vivaraNa sahita una sarva sUtroM ko tAr3apatra prAdi meM likhavAkara paThana-pAThana ke liye nirgrathoM ko arpaNa kiyaa| isa prakAra jainazAsana kI unnati karake sthavira prArya skaMdila vikrama saMvat 202 meM mathurA meM hI anazana kara ke svargavAsI hue|" Arya skaMdila ke vRttAMta ke sAtha hI isa therAvalI kI samApti hotI hai| isameM jina jina vizeSa bAtoM kA varNana hai unakA yathAsthAna ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai| isa therAvalI meM jo gaNanA-paddhati dI hai vaha kahA~ taka TIka hai, yaha kahanA kaThina hai: hA~, itanA avazya kahanA par3egA ki yaha paddhati bhI hai praaciin| AcArya devasenAdi ne vikrama mRtyu saMvat kA jo nirdeza kiyA hai usakA bIja isI gaNanApaddhati meM saMnihita hai, yaha pahale kahA jA cukA hai| hamane "vIra nirvANa saMvat aura jaina kAlagaNanA" nAmaka nibaMdha meM aura usake TippaNa meM jina jina bAtoM kI carcA kI hai unameM se katipaya bAtoM kA isa therAvalI se samarthana hotA For Private And Personal Use Only
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________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www. kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir jaina kAla-gaNanA hai aura katipaya kA khaMDana bhI, to bhI jaba taka isa therAvalI kI mUla pustaka parIkSA kI kasauTI para car3hAkara prAmANika nahIM ThaharAI jAtI, isake ullekhoM se citita viSaya meM raddo-badala karanA ucita nahIM hai| vastutaH hamArI gAnA se vIra nirvANa saMvat viSayaka jo mukhya siddhAMta sthApita hotA hai usakA, yaha gaNanA bhI vIra aura vikrama kA mRtyu-aMtara 470 varSa kA batAkara samarthana hI kara rahI hai| astu / therAvalI meM jo jo naI bAteM dRSTigocara huI haiM unakI satyatA ke viSaya meM hameM adhika saMzaya karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| inameM se katipaya ghaTanAoM kA to purAne se purAne zilAlekhoM aura graMthoM se bhI samarthana hotA hai| zreNika aura kANika ke jaina hone kI bAta jainasUtroM meM prasiddha hai, inake dvArA kaliMga ke tIrtharUpa parvata para jina-prAsAda aura stUpoM kA bananA kAI Azcarya kA viSaya nahIM hai| naMda rAjA dvArA kAliga se jina-pratimA kA pATaliputra meM le jAnA aura vahA~ se khAravela dvArA usakA phira kaliMga meM le pAnA khAravela ke lekha se hI siddha he| kumArI parvata para khAravela ke karAe hue dhArmika kArya tathA aMga sUtroM ke (1) khAravela ke, apana rAjya ke terahaveM varSa meM, kumArI parvata ( udayagiri ) kI nipadyAoM (stUpoM) meM rahanevAloM ke liye rAjya kI ka se Apa bAMdhane ke saMbaMdha meM isa prakAra ullekha hai --- "terasame ca base lupavata vijayitra kumArI parate ahiteya // 5-khimatryasaMtAhi kArayanisIdIvAya yApajAvakehi rAjabhitini cinavatAni vo sAsitAni vo sAsitAni [] pUjani kata-uvAsA khAravela sirinA jIvadevasirikalpaM rAkhitA [1]" (bi. zro0 50 pu0 4 bhA04) For Private And Personal Use Only
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________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 100 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA uddhAra kA ullekha bhI khAravela ke hI lekha meM pAyA jAtA hai / khAravela ke putra vakrarAya aura pautra viduharAya ke nAma bhI kaliMga ke udayagiri parvata kI guphA meM pAe gae haiM aura khAravela ke Adi-puruSa ceTaka kA nAma bhI usake lekha ke prAraMbha meM dRSTigata ho rahA hai| mauryarAjya kI do zAkhA hone ke saMbaMdha meM purAtattvajJoM ne pahale hI anumAna kara liyA thA, jisako therAvalI ke lekha se samarthana milA hai| skaMdilAcArya ke siddhAMtoddhAra kA ullekha naMdIcUrNi prAdi aneka prAcIna graMthoM meM milatA hI hai, gaMdhahastI ke sUtra vivaraNoM ke astitva kA sAkSya zIlAMka kI prAcArAMga TIkA de rahI hai aura unakI tattvArtha-bhASya racanA ke viSaya meM bhI aneka madhyakAlIna (1) hAthIguphA lekha kI 16vIM paMkti meM aMgoM kA uddhAra karane ke saMbaMdha meM ullekha hai, aisA vidyAvAridhi ke0 pI0 jAyasavAlajI kA mata hai| aApake vAcanAnusAra vaha ullekha isa prakAra hai "muriyakAlavochinaM ca coyaTi-aMga-satikaM turiyaM upadiyati [I]'' arthAt mAryakAla meM viccheda hue cosahi ( causaTha adhyAyavAle ) aMgasaptika kA cauthA bhAga phira se taiyAra karavAyA / para maiM isa sthala ko isa prakAra par3hatA hU~ "muriyakAle vochi ne ca coyaTiaga-satike turiyaM upAdayati []" arthAt mauryakAla ke 164 varSa ke bItane para turaMta (khAravela ne) upayukta kArya kiyaa| (2) gaMdhahastikRta sUtravivaraNa aba kisI jagaha nahIM milate, saMbhavataH ve sadA ke liye lupta ho gae haiM, para ye vivaraNa kisI samaya vidvadbhogya sAhitya meM gine jAte the isameM koI saMdeha nahIM hai / vikrama kI dazavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvAddha kI kRti prAcArAMga TIkA meM usake kartA zIlAcArya gaMdhahastikRta vivaraNa kA ullekha isa prakAra karate haiM For Private And Personal Use Only
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________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www. kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 101 jaina kAla-gaNanA graMthakAroM ne ullekha kie haiN| isaliye isa therAvalI meM varNita khAsa ghaTanAoM kI satyatA ke saMbaMdha meM zaMkA karane kA hameM koI avasara nahIM hai| hA~, isameM yadi kucha zaMkanIya sthala ho to vaha ghaTanAvalI kA sattA-samaya ho sakatA hai| isameM aneka ghaTanAoM ke atirikta aneka rAjAoM aura prAcAryoM kI sattA aura unake svargavAsa ke sUcaka jo saMvatsara die hue haiM unameM katipaya saMvatsara avazya hI ciMtanIya haiM, para jaba taka therAvalo kI mala prati hastagata nahIM hotI, isa viSaya kI samAlocanA karanA nirarthaka hai| vidvAnoM ke vicArArtha nIce hama una ghaTanAoM kI sUcI dete haiM jinakA sattA-samaya therAvalI meM spaSTa likhA gayA hai| "zastraparijJAvivaraNamatibahugahanaM ca gaMdhahastikRtam / tasmAt sukhabodhArtha, gRhNAmyahamaJjasA sAram // 3 // " (kalakattAmudrita AcArAMga TIkA) upayukta padya meM kevala AcArAMga sUtra ke eka adhyayana-'zastra. parijJA' ke vivaraNa kA ullekha hone se yaha bhI kalpanA ho sakatI hai ki zAyada zIlAcArya ke samaya taka gaMdhahasti kRta vivaraNa chinna bhinna ho cuke hoNge| isI kAraNa se zIlAMka ko aMgoM kI naI TIkAeM likhane kI jarUrata mahasUsa huI hogii| (1) gaMdhahasti kRta tatvArthabhASya ke saMbaMdha meM madhyakAlIna sAhitya meM kahIM kahIM ullekha hai para isa bhASya kA kahIM bhI patA nahIM hai| dharmasaMgrahaNI TIkA Adi meM "yadAha gaMdhahastI-prANApAnau uccha vaasnishvaasaa|" ityAdi gaMdhahastI ke graMtha ke pratIka bhI die hue milate haiM, para isa samaya gaMdhahasti kRta koI bhI graMtha upalabdha nahIM hotaa| For Private And Personal Use Only
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________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 102 vIra-gatAbda 17 "" 19 135 "" 15 "" "" 35 33 33 "" 44 " 16 34 " 34 " 13 35 " 36 " : 35 "" y z "" "" " "" 37 "" " "" 11 " 'z " "" "" " www. kobatirth.org nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA ghaTanAvalI 0 * gautama iMdrabhUti kA kevalajJAna huA / 12* gautama iMdrabhUti kA nirvANa | 18 zobhanarAya kA kaliga ke rAjyAsana para prArohaNa ! 20* Arya sudharmA kA nirvANa | 31 udAyI ne pATaliputra nagara ko Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir balAyA / 60* naMda rAjA kA pATaliputra meM rAjyAbhiSeka | *4* matAMtara se Arya jaMbU kA nirvANa | 70 prArya jaMbU kA nirvANa | 70* ratnaprabha sUri dvArA upakeza vaMza sthApanA / 75* bhArya prabhava kA svargavAsa / payArya zayyaMbhava kA svargavAsa 1 148* Arya yazobhadra kA svargavAsa / 146 caMDarAya kA kaliMga meM rAjyAbhiSeka / 14 AThaveM naMda kI kaliMga deza para car3hAI | 154* caMdragupta magadha kA rAjA banA / 156* Arya bhUtivijayajI kA svargavAsa / 170* Arya bhadrabAhu svAmI kA svargavAsa / 184 samrATa caMdragupta kA svargavAsa 1 184 biMdusAra kA rAjyAdhikAra | 206 biMdusAra kA svargagamana 1 For Private And Personal Use Only
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________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www. kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir jaina kAla-gaNanA 103 vIra-gatAbda 206 azoka kA raajyaarNbh| " " 227 kSemarAja kA kaliMga meM rAjyArohaNa " " 236 azoka rAjA kI liga para cddh'aaii| " " 244 azoka kA paralokavAsa / 244 saMzati kA pATaliputra meM rAjyA dhikaar| ___ 246 saMprati kA ujjayinI ko jaanaa| 246 pATaliputra meM puNyaratha kA rAjyA dhikAra / 275 vuDaDharAja kA kaliMga meM rAjyArohaNa / " " 280 puNyaratha kA maraNa / 280 vRddharaya kA pATaliputra meM rAjyA bhissek| 263* saMpati kA svargavAsa ! 263 ujjayinI meM eka varSa taka araajktaa| ___ 264 balamitra-bhAnumina kA ujjayinI meM rAjyArohaNa / " " 300 bhikkhurAya ( khAravela ) kA rAjyA bhissek| ___" 304 vRddharatha kI htyaa| 304 pATaliputra para puSyamitra kA adhikAra " " 330 bhikkhurAya kA svargavAsa / " " 330 vakrarAya kA rAjyAbhiSeka / " " 354 bala mitra-bhAnumitra kA maraNa / " " 354 nabhovAhana kI rAjyaprApti / For Private And Personal Use Only
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________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 104 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA vIra-tAbda 362 vakrarAya kA svargavAsa / " " 362 vidaharAya kA rAjyAdhikAra / " " 364 nabhAvAhana kA svargagamana / " " 364 gardabhilla kA rAjyAdhikAra / " " 365 vidaharAya kA paralokavAsa / " " 410 vikramAke kA ujjayinI meM rAjyA bhiSeka / vikrama-gatAnda 153 Arya skaMdila kI pramukhatA meM jaina zramaNoM kI mathurA meM sabhA huii| " " 200 gaMdhahastI ne AcArAMga kA vivaraNa rcaa| " " 202 skaMdilAcArya kA mathurA meM svarga: vAla / upasaMhAra himavaMta therAvalI kI khAsa jJAtavya bAtoM kA digdarzana karA diyaa| inameM kaI bAte aisI haiM jo adhika kheAja aura vivecana kI apekSA rakhatI haiN| yadi mUla therAvalI upa. labdha ho gaI aura apekSita samaya milA to isake saMbaMdha meM svataMtra nibaMdha likheMge-isa vicAra ke sAtha yaha lekha yahIM pUrA kiyA jAtA hai| 1 isa ghaTanAvalI meM jisa jisa ghaTanA kA samaya isa cihna se cihnita hai usakA paTTAvalI, therAvalI Adi anya graMthoM se bhI samarthana hotA hai, para jisa ghaTanAkAla ke Age ukta cihna nahIM hai usakA sirpha isI therAvalI meM ullekha hai-aisA samajhanA caahie| For Private And Personal Use Only
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________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www. kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Serving Jinshasan 023171 gyanmandir@kobatirth.org For Private And Personal Use Only