Gwalior ke Sanskrutik Vikas me Jain Dham

Author(s): Ravindra Malav
Publisher: Z_Tirthankar_Mahavir_Smruti_Granth_012001.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/210470/1

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gvAliyara sAMskRtika vikAsa jaina dharma -ravIndra mAlava bhArata ke hRdaya-sthala para sthita deza ke isa bhAga kA itihAsa atyAdhika prAcIna hai| yadyapi vibhinna itihAsakAroM ne samaya-samaya para prakAzita apane aitihAsika lekhoM evaM pustakoM meM isa kSetra kI prAcInatA ke sambandha meM likhA hai tathApi yahA~ ke itihAsa ke sambandha meM paryApta zodha na hone ke kAraNa anekoM aitihAsika tathya prakAza meM nahIM A pAye haiN| isI kAraNa anekoM sthAnoM para isake abhAva meM itihAsakAroM evaM lekhakoM ko kalpanAzakti kA sahArA lene ko vivaza honA par3A hai| yoM to sAre bhArata meM hI itihAsa viSaya para paryApta zodha-kArya nahIM haA hai aura na hI vizeSa likhA hI gayA hai, parantu gvAliyara ke sambandha meM yaha bAta vizeSa rUpa se kahI jA sakatI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki yahA~ ke prAcIna itihAsa kA adhikAMza bhAga andhakAramaya hai| saca pUchA jAye to isakA pramukha kAraNa hamArI saMskRti hI rhii| prArambha meM isa deza meM itihAsa likhane kI paramparA nahIM thii| zAsakagaNa apanA adhikatara samaya 337

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rAjya kA kSetra bar3hAne, apanI vicAradhArA kA pracAra pramANa sUryakuNDa para sthita hUNa aura mihirakula ke karane Adi meM vyatIta karate the / tathApi sabhI ke viSaya eka zilAlekha dvArA prApta hotA hai| jisakA kAla lagameM aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA / anekoM rAjAoM ne ina bhaga 515 I. mAnA jAta hai| isa kAla ke bAre meM vizeSa sabake atirikta kalA evaM sAhitya ke vikAsa tathA vivaraNa nahIM miltaa| isa kAraNa jainoM kI sthiti ke sthApatya para bhI dhyAna diyaa| adhikatara nirmANa kArya bAre meM kucha nizcita mata vyakta nahIM kiye jA sakate / maMdiroM aura mahaloM ke hI rUpa meM karAye gye| Age para itanA nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki isa calakara zilAlekha khudavAne kI paramparA bhI pAI jAtI nagara nirmANa ke kAla se hI zanaiH-zanaiH jaina dhrmaahai| lekina jahA~ taka lekhana kA prazna hai prAcIna samaya meM valambI isa nagara meM Akara basane lage the| dhArmika granthoM ke atirikta bahata kama hI likhA gyaa| isa samaya gvAliyara para toramana aura usake putra yadi thor3A-bahuta likhA bhI gayA hai to vaha rAjAoM kI mihirakula kA Adhipatya thaa| inakA zAsana kAla prazaMsA Adi ke sambandha meM hai| hA~ videzoM se Aye bar3A dukhadAyI rhaa| san 533 I. meM yazovarmana dvArA vibhinna dUtoM dvArA likhA gayA varNana avazya anekoM parAjita kiye jAne para vaha kAzmIra bhAga gayA para aitihAsika tathyoM ko prakAzita karatA hai| isa prakAra sthiti meM koI sudhAra nahIM huaa| yazovarmana aura usake hama dekhate haiM ki prAcIna samaya meM itihAsa likhane kI putra nAgavarmana ne san 550 I. taka yahAM rAjya kiyaa| isa paramparA nahIM thii| anya jo kucha likhA bhI gayA, vaha prakAra ina 80 varSoM meM rAjya kI dazA bar3I hI asthira surakSita nahIM hai / hA~ zilAlekha aura dharmagrantha avazya rhii| isake pazcAt harSa ke samrATa hone para usane thor3A-bahuta prakAza DAlate haiN| gvAliyara para bhI kabjA kara use apane rAjya meM milA anekoM prAcIna aitihAsika nagaroM padmAvatI tathA liyaa| isake rAjya meM zAnti rahI, yadyapi vaha svayaM bauddha sihoniyAM Adi se milakara banA yaha bhAga bhArata ke matAvalambI thA parantu vaha dharmAndha nahIM thA / ataH isane itihAsa meM apanA atyAdhika mahatva rakhatA hai. paranta sabhI vargoM ko samAna rUpa se pragati ke avasara pradAna isake sambandha meM bhI yahI dazA hai| yahA~ ke bahuta se kiye| isake kAraNa usake kAla meM yahA~ jaina paryApta aitihAsika tathya aura grantha naSTa ho gae haiM aura jo haiM mAtrA meM the aura isa kSetra meM tabhI se kriyAzIla bhI una para paryApta zodha na hone ke kAraNa kucha sImita ho uThe the| ve dharma pracAra aura sAdhanA ke atirikta jAnakArI ke sahAre tathA anya sthAnoM para kalpanA zakti aba saMgaThana, tathA maMdiroM ke nirmANa para bhI dhyAna dene ke hI sahAre Age bar3hanA par3atA hai| phira bhI prAcIna granthoM lage the| Adi se isa kSetra ke aitihAsika daSTi se dhanavAna hone ke udAharaNa milate haiM / anekoM prAcIna granthoM meM prasiddha cInI yAtrI huenasAMga inhIM ke rAjyakAla padmAvatI, sihoniyA, gopAdrI, gopAgirI aura gopAcala meM bhArata AyA thaa| usane apanI pustaka meM eka sthAna Adi zabdoM kA ullekha milatA hai| para jaina sAdhuoM kI carcA karate hue likhA hai-- "nirgrantha sAdhU apane zarIra ko nagna rakhate haiM aura vaise isa durga ke sambandha meM sarvaprathama aitihAsika bAloM ko noca DAlate haiM / unakI pradhAnatA sAre deza meM 1. A. sa. I. riporTa, bhAga 2, pRSTha 339 tathA bhAga 20, pRSTha 107 / 338

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san thI, balki bhArata ke bAhara bhI ve phaile hue the / "" 648 meM harSa kI mRtyu ho gaI aura punaH eka bAra isa kSetra meM arAjakatA jaisI sthita nirmita ho gaI / gvAliyara ke do zailotkIrNa zilpAMkana bhI isI kAla ke aMta kI hI racanAe~ pratIta hotI / inameM se eka pratimA meM tIrthaMkara ko kAyotsarga mudrA meM tathA dUsarI ko padmAsanastha dhyAnamudrA meM aMkita kiyA gayA hai| padmAsana mudrAbAle tIrtha kara ke pArzva meM aMkita sevaka pUrNa vikasita kamala puSpoM para khar3e hue haiN| ina kamala puSpoM ko baune (vAmana) logoM ne thAma rakhA hai, jo svayaM moTe kamalanAla jaise dikhAI dete haiM / aisA hI lambI tAlayukta kamala puSpoM para khar3e yakSoM kA aMkana mathurA saMgrahAlaya kI ( bI 6 tathA bI 7 kramAMkita ) do sundara mUrtiyoM meM bhI pAyA jAtA / khaDgAsana tIrthaM kara pratimA ke mUrtana kI tulanA rAjagiri kI vaibhAra pahAr3I sthita do khaDgAsana pratimAoM ke mUrtana se kI jA sakatI hai| gvAliyara kI ina donoM tIrthaM kara pratimAoM meM gupta-zailI kA anukaraNa kiyA gayA hai| sevaka alaMkRta TopI jaise mukuTa tathA gale meM ekAvalI dhAraNa kiye hue haiN| tIrthaMkaroM kA parikara paravartI guptakAlIna pratimAoM kI bhA~ti susajjita na hokara yahA~ bhI sAdA rahA / " AThavIM zatI ke sambandha meM upalabdha aitihAsika pramANoM se se isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai ki AThavIM zatI meM gopAcala kSetra meM jaina dharma kA kramabaddha vikAsa prArambha ho gayA thA / kannauja ke pratApI yazovarmana ke putra Ama ne gopAcala gar3ha ko san 750 I. meM apanI rAjadhAnI banAyA thA / Ama ne vappabhaTTa sUri kA ziSyatva grahaNa kiyA thaa| jaina prabandhoM ke anusAra Ama nAmaka nareza ne jo nau vIM zatAbdI meM kannauja aura gvAliyara para zAsana karatA thA kannauja meM eka mandira kA nirmANa karAyA thA, jo 100 hAtha U~cA thA aura jisameM usane tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI svarNa pratimA sthApita karAyI thii| usane gvAliyara meM 23 hAtha U~cI mahAvIra kI pratimA sthApita kI thI / yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki usane mathurA, anahila vAr3a, mor3herA Adi meM bhI jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa karAyA thA / " jaina paramparAoM meM ullikhita nareza Ama pratihAra nAgabhaTTa dvitIya (mRtyu 883 I.) rahe hoMge, jo jaina dharma ke prati apanI AsthA ke liye prasiddha rahe haiN| isa jaina paramparA kI satyatA ina sthAnoM se prApta madhyakAlIna jaina avazeSoM dvArA pramANita hotI hai / gvAliyara ke kile meM aMbikA yakSI aura gomeda yakSa kI zailotkIrNa saparikara pratimAe~ upalabdha haiM / lalitAsana meM baiThI aMbikA ke pArzva meM, unakI sebikAaiM haiN| ina pratimAoM kA nirmANakAla lagabhaga AThavIM zatAbdI nirdhArita kiyA jAtA hai| ye pratimAe~ bhArI AkAra aura racanA sauSThava ke liye vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM, tathA kuSANa evaM guptakAlIna pAMcika 2. Trevelsa Apha huenasAMga, pRSTha 2241 3. jaina kalA evaM sthApatya, khaNDa 1; bhAga 3 ( vAstu smAraka evaM mUrtikalA ) ( 300 se 600 I.), adhyAya 12 ( madhyabhArata ) - DA. umAkAnta premAnanda zAha | 4. prabandha koSa, pRSTha 27; prabhAvaka carita, pRSTha 99 1 5. majUmadAra (Ara. sI.) tathA pusAlakara (e. DI.) sampAdaka -eja Apha impIriyala kannoja, 1955, bambaI, pRSTha 289 1 6. brUna (klAsa) jina imejeja Apha devagar3ha, 1969, lIDana, citra 18-18 A / 336

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evaM hArIti pratimAoM ke samanurUpa haiN| aMbikA yakSI kI pratiSThA kara use vahAM sthApita kraayaa| isase kI mukhAkRti aNDAkAra hai, netra addha nimIlita lagatA hai ki bhojadeva ke kAla meM jaina dharmAvalaMbiyoM kI haiM, keza sajjA ghammilla AkAra kA hai, kase hue gola acchI dazA thii| inhoMne 10 vI. zatAbdI taka zAsana stana haiM, grIvA aura kukSI para trivaliyA~ haiM, udara bharA kiyaa| dasavIM zatAbdI meM punaH varajumana kachavAhA ke huA tathA nitamba caur3e haiM / yakSa kI pratimA sthalakAya netRtva meM rAjapUtoM ne isa kSetra tathA durga para apanA aura lambI-caur3I hai| usakI toMda maTake jaisI hai| zAsana sthApita kiyaa| gvAliyara ke kile meM tIna svatantra jaina pratimAeM bhI vidyamAna haiM jo lagabhaga usI kAla kI haiN| inameM se vartamAna sAsa-bahU ke mandiroM kA bhI nirmANa isI eka pratimA kAyotsarga madrA meM AdinAtha kA aMkana hai kAla meM hmaa| isa mandira ke lambe zilAlekha kA pATha jisake cAroM ora padamAsana mudrA meM teIsa tIrtha kara digambara yazodeva dvArA racita hai| isase prakaTa hotA hai aMkita haiN| isa prakAra yaha pratimA eka caturviMzati-paTa ki mahIpAla kacchapaghAta ke samaya meM bhI gvAliyara meM ke rUpa meM hai| dUsarI pratimA meM nandIzvara dvIpa sahita jaina sampradAya kI pUrNa pratiSThA thii| aisA mAnA jAtA tIrtha kara AdinAtha aMkita haiN| tIsarI pratimA kAyo* hai ki 105 phuTa lambA, 75 phuTa caur3A aura 100 sarga mudrA meM pArzvanAtha kI hai| unake zIrSa para nAgaphaNa phuTa U~cA yaha mandira mahIpAla nAmaka rAjapUta zAsaka kA chatra aMkita hai tathA sUndara addha mAnavAkRti nAgoM dvArA nandIzvara dvIpa aSTAnikA ke vrata ke upalakSa meM dvArA tIrthakara kA jalAbhiSeka karate dikhAyA gayA hai| jinamAndara ka hai| jinamandira ke rUpa meM vanavAyA gyaa| yahI kAraNa hai nAgoM ke sira para lahariyA keza sajjA hai| isa ki usameM deva-devAMganAoM kI nRtya tathA anya mudrAoM prakAra AThavIM-navIM zatAbdI meM gvAliyara meM jaina dharma meM mUrtiyA~ khudI haiM / isakI pratiSThA meM padmanAma kA kAphI prabhAva thA aura isI kAraNa jaina zilpAMkana kSullaka Adi ne bhI bhAga liyA thaa| yaha lagabhaga kI dizA meM bhI isa kAla meM bahuta kArya huaa| san 1036 meM banakara pUrNa huaa| isake dvAroM, chata aura dIvAroM kI khudAI darzanIya hai| yaha sAsa-baha ke kannauja ke parihAra rAjA bhojadeva ne bhI kucha samaya mandira ke nAma se prasiddha hai| vartamAna meM kucha itike liye isa durga para apanA zAsana sthApita kiyA hAsakAroM ne isakA prAcIna nAma sahastrabAhu kA mandira jisakA pramANa hameM kile ke nIce sAgara tAla para sthita batAte huye ise viSNu mandira bhI kahA hai| sana 875 tathA sana 876 ke caturbhuja mandira ke zilAlekhoM se prApta hotA hai| inake zAsana kAla meM bhArata sarakAra dvArA san 1869 meM gvAliyara bhI zrI vaccadAna nAmaka jaina sAgha dvArA saM. 1034 durga meM kucha aitihAsika mahatva ke sthaloM ke utkhanan ke (san 977) meM baizAkha vadI paMcamI ke dina jaina mUrti avasara para prApta, eka tAmra caitya tathA cAra tIrtha karoM 7. jaina kalA evaM sthApatya, khaNDa 1, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, bhAga 4, vAstu smAraka evaM mUrtikalA (600 se 1000 I.) adhyAya 16, madhyabhArata, kRSNadeva, pRSTha 177-78 / 8. meIstara (mAikela DablyU); Ama, amrola eNDa jainijma ina gvAliyara phorTa, jarnala Apha di oriyanTala insTITyUTa, bar3audA, 22; 354-58 / 9. gvAliyara kA atIta, pRSTha 141 340

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kI tAmra pratimAe~ prastuta kI gaI haiN| ye caitya evaM yaha pratimA jaina kAsmolaoNjI ke anusAra vaNita tIrthakara pratimAeM 10-11 vIM sadI ke lagabhaga kisI dvIpoM meM se eka dvIpa nandIzvara dvIpa kI pratIka svarUpa samaya kI pratIta hotI haiN| hai| isa dvIpa meM 52 devoM evaM pavitrAtmAoM dvArA jina (tIrthakara) pUjA kI jAne kA jaina zAstroM meM varNana nandIzvara prApta hotA hai| tadanusAra yaha dvIpa mandiroM, sabhAgRhoM; __ kalA kI dRSTi se inameM tAmracaitya, pramukhataH nATyagRhoM; sajjita maMcoM; sundara stUpoM, mUrtiyoM evaM ullekhanIya hai| yaha nIce vargAkAroM tathA Upara pirA- pratimAoM, pavitra caitya vakSa, indradhvaja tathA kamalamiDa ke AkAra kA banA hai| 1 phITa 6.75 iMca U~ce yukta jhIla Adi se yukta hai| ina sabhI mandiroM meM arhata isa nandIzvara caitya ke vargAkArI AdhAra kA kSetraphala evaM jina se sambandhita pavitra dinoM para ATha divasIya 6.25 vargaiMca hai| nIce ke bhAga meM tIna vargAkAra parva manAe jAte haiN| jaina dharmAvalambI isa varNana ke maMjileM haiM, tIsare varga ke Upara pirAmiDa AkAra kA anusAra varSa meM tIna bAra ASAr3ha, kArtika tathA phAlguna AmAlaka yukta gumbada banA hai| pratyeka varga ke cAroM mAhoM meM aSTamI se pUNimA taka ATha divasIya aSTAkone para stambha bane haiN| ina vargAkArI maMjiloM kI nikA parva manAkara isa avasara para vrata evaM pUjA Adi U~cAI nIce se Upara kI ora, kramazaH kama hai| ina ka te haiM / vargoM meM caubIsa tIrtha karoM ke citra haiM, sabase nIcevAle (tala) varga meM pratyeka ora khaDagAsana madA meM tIna-tIna caitya para aMkita zabda kSatigrasta ho gae haiN| tala tIrtha kara isa prakAra kula bAraha tIrthakara mudrAe~ banI maMjila para eka ora "..."hIM .. ..."nA..dA... dhI" haiN| isake UparavAle (madhya) varga para pratyeka ora zabda par3he gaye haiM, inake AdhAra para kaI purAtatva vettAoM padmAsana (sampraya~ka) mudrA meM do-do tIrthakara isa prakAra ne ise 4-5vIM zatI meM nirmita mAnA hai, tathApi yaha ATha tIrtha kara mudrAe~ banI haiN| yaha varga U~cAI meM tala caitya 9.10vIM zatI ke lagabhaga yA isase pUrva kA varga kI apekSA kama UMcA hai| isake bhI Upara sabase avazya hai / kama U~cAI vAle tIsare varga meM pratyeka ora eka-eka isa prakAra kula cAra tIrthakara mudrAe~ aMkita haiN| inameM chaThaveM tIrtha kara padmaprabhatIrthakara pArzvanAtha kI mudrA sabhI se alaga prakAra kI anya cAra jina pratimAoM meM eka chaThaveM tIrtha kara hone ke kAraNa AsAnI se pahacAnI jA sakatI hai| padamaprabha kI hai jisakI U~cAI AdhAra sahita sAr3he pAMca isameM zIrSa ke Upara paMcaphaNI sarpa aMkita hai| pratyeka iMca, tathA binA AdhAra ke sAr3he tIna iMca hai / padmAsana tIrthakara mudrA ke vakSa para pratIka svarUpa zrIvatsa aMkita (samprayaMka) avasthA meM baiThI isa mudrA ke pRSTha bhAga meM nAlandA kAMsya kI zailI ke ca~vara bane haiN| AdhAra ke 10. "Jaina Images & Places of first class Importence", T. N. Ramachandran. (Presidential adress during the All India Jaina Sasana Conference 194; Held on the occasion of the 2500th Anniversary of the first Preaching of lord Mahavir Swami; Calcutta) Publisher-Hony. Secy. Vira Sasana Sangha, 82 Lower Chitpur Road, Calcutta. 341

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rUpa meM bane Asana ke madhya padmAsana ke nIce sAmane kI ora tIrtha kara padmaprabha kA lAMchana kamala va pratimA ke zIrSa para USNasa evaM ghuMgharAle bAla dRSTavya haiM / dUsarI pramukha pratimA AThaveM tIrthaMkara candraprabha kI hai / kula sAr3he dasa iMca U~cI isa pratimA meM tIrtha kara mudrA mAtra hI sAr3he pA~ca iMca U~cAI kI hai / samprayaka meM bhadrAsana avasthA meM baiThI mudrA kI isa jina pratimA ke pRSTha bhAga meM nAlandA jaisI unnata kalA darzanIya hai| pratimA ke pRSTha bhAga meM prabhAmaNDala kalAtmaka svarUpa liye hue hai / pratIka svarUpa tIrthakara candraprabha kA lAMchana arddhacandra tathA vakSa ke madhya zrIvatsa kA cinha aMkita hai| inakI zailI ke AdhAra para sunizcita rUpa se inakA nirmANa kAla 10-11vIM zatI kahA jA sakatA hai| papAta badAmana ne bhI jaina sampradAya ko prazraya diyA thA / vi. saM. 1034 ( san 977 I.) meM badAmana ke rAjyakAla meM gvAliyara meM jaina mUrtiyoM kI sthApanA kI gaI thii| isa prakAra yaha nizcita hai ki 11vIM zatAbdI meM eka jina mandira tathA kucha jaina mUrtiyAM gopAcagalar3ha para nizcaya hI sthita thIM / kacchapaghAta mUladeva (bhuvanai kamalla) ke rAjya meM rAjyAdhikAriyoM ne isa mandira meM jaina bhaktoM kA nirvAdha praveza banda kara diyA thaa| maladhArI gaccha ke zrI abhayadeva sUri ke Agraha para mahAvIra svAmI ke isa mandira ke dvAra samasta jaina janatA ke liye unmukta kara diye gae the| 22 san 1844 I. meM janarala kaniMghama ne gvAliyara durga para sthita sAsa-bahU ke mandiroM ke nikaTa atyanta jIrNa-zIrNa avasthA meM sthita 35 phuTa lambe tathA 15 phuTa caur3e khaMDahara kamare ke saMbaMdha meM kiye gaye zoSakArya ke AdhAra para use jainiyoM ke 23veM tIrtha kara pArzvanAtha kA mandira mAnA hai, aura isakA nirmANakArya san 1108 I. ke lagabhaga sampanna honA mAnA hai| usake pUrNa sarvekSaNa, AsapAsa kiye gaye khudAI ke kArya aura stambhoM ke AdhAra para usakA kSetra pIche 50 phuTa aura honA batAyA hai usake anusAra yaha mandira lagabhaga 69 phITa lambe tathA 15 phITa caur3e kSetra meM phailA thaa| isake nirmANa kA samaya (san 1108 I.) isa bAta kI sAkSI detA hai ki yaha mandira kachavAhoM ke zAsana kAla meM hI nirmita kiyA gyaa| isase isa bAta para prakAza par3atA hai ki inake zAsana kAla meM bhI jaina acchI avasthA meM ye vistRta aitihAsika vivaraNa ke abhAva / meM yaha kahanA atyaMta kaThina hai ki kisa rAjA ne durga para isa mandira kA nirmANa karavAyA athavA nirmANa hetu svIkRti pradAna kii| isase bhI yaha pratIta hotA hai ki isake bhI zatAbdiyoM pUrva se jaina isa kSetra meM apanA astitva rakhate the aura zanaiH-zanaiH ve itane prabhAvazAlI ho gaye ki ve zAsaka evaM zAsana ko bhI prabhAvita kara mandira nirmANa karA sake / isa kAla ke gvAliyara ke nikaTavartI kSetroM meM bhI jaina / mUrtiyoM va zilAlekhoM kA nirmANa huaa| bakuNDa ( zyopura ) ke vi. saM. 1145 (san 1088 I.) ke vikramasiMha ke zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki isa kSetra ke kacchapaghAta bhI jaina sUriyoM ko prazraya dete the / zAntiSeNa sUri aura unake ziSya vijayakIrti dvArA vaha prazasti likhI gayI 11. gvAliyara rAjya abhilekha, kra. 20 / 12. saMgItopaniSatsAra, gAyakavAr3a oriyanTala sIrija, prastAvanA, pRSTha 7 / 342.

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thii|dvknndd ke jaina mandira ke vi. saM. 1152 (sana kile se nikalakara musalamAnoM se yuddha kiyaa| yuddha ke 1095 I.) ke zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki vahA~ liye rAjA ko jAte dekha rAniyoM ne kahAkASThAsaMgha ke mahAcAryavarya zrI devasena ke pAdUkA cinha kI pUjA hotI thii| naravara meM bhI vi. saM. 1314 ____ "pahale hameM ju jauhara pArI, (san 1257 I.) se 1324 (san 1267 I.) ke taba tuma jUjho kantha samhArI' mUrtilekhoM se yukta saikar3oM mUrtiyA~ naravara meM prApta huI haiN| yaha kahakara 70 rAniyAM kile meM Aga meM kUdakara jo kucha bhI jJAna upalabdha hai usake AdhAra para yaha balidAna ho gii| Aja bhI isa jauhara kI smRti meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki yahA~ jaina dharmAvalaMbiyoM ke paribAra jauharatAla kA nAma vikhyAta hai| uravAI darabAje mAtra nivAsa hI nahIM karate the varana yahA~ jainiyoM para isa ghaTanA kA ullekha karanevAlA zilAlekha ke saMgha bhI saMcAlita the jinameM saMghAdhipati tathA anvaya san 1805 I. taka pAyA gayA hai| isa yuddha meM rAjA huA karate the| itanA hI nahIM ve niyamita vidyApITha kA bhI apane 15 sAthiyoM ke sAtha kAma Ae taba kahIM bhI saMcAlana karate the| 15vIM zatAbdI meM banI mUrtiyoM musalamAna isa kile para kadama rakha paaye| isake bAda se prApta jAnakArI se ye tathya punaH parIkSita hote haiN| san 1318 I0 taka yaha durga musalamAnoM ke adhikAra meM rhaa| unhoMne ise rAjakIya kaidakhAne ke rUpa meM prayoga san 1122 I. meM parihAroM ne isa vaMza ke antima kiyaa| isa prakAra gvAliyara kA yaha pradeza 166 varSoM rAjA tejakaraNa ko nikAla diyA aura svataH rAjA bana taka lUTa-khasoTa aura atyAcAra se AtaMkita rhaa| baiThe the| parihAra vaMza ke kala 7 rAAoM ne isa darga para rAjya kiyaa| isa bIca meM eka bAra san 1196 I. para kabhI kisI kA zAsana sthAyI nahIM rahA / jaba meM kutubuddIna ne gvAliyara para AkramaNa kara durga para taimUra laMga ne bhArata ke andara Udhama macAyA to muslima apanA adhikAra sthApita kiyA parantu unake hAthoM meM sattA DAMvADola ho gaI aura vIrasiMha taMvara, jo ki yaha durga adhika na raha sakA aura 16 varSa bAda san san 1375 I meM muslimoM kI ora se kiledAra niyukta 12 meM parihAroM ne punaH durga ko vApasa le liyA haA thA, ne avasara pAkara duzmanoM ko paraspara lar3Aka aura sana 1232 taka apane adhikAra meM rakhA / san baDI caturAI ke sAtha isa kile para apanA adhikAra kara 1232 meM altamaza ne tatkAlIna parihAra zAsaka sAraMga liyaa| isane sambhavataH san 1380 I. meM apanA rAjya deva para bhArI phauja sahita AkramaNa kiyA aura 11 sthApita kiyaa| yaha bar3A parAkramI aura vivekI tathA mAsa taka durga ko ghere rahA / anta meM sAraMgadeva ne svayaM rAjanIti meM dakSa zAsaka thaa| 13. gvAliyara rAjya ke abhilekha, ka. 241 14: vahI, kra. 58 / 15. jAta. zrIvIrasiMhaH sakalari pukulavAtanirdhAtapAto, vaMze zrItomarANAM nijavimalayazokhyAtadikcakravAlaH / dAnAne viveka bhavati samatA yena sAkaM napANAM, ke zAmeSA kavInAM prabhavati ghiSaNA varNane tadguNAnAM / / -yazodharacarita prazasti 343

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isake pazcAt isakA putra uddharaNadeva apane pitA kI gaddI para baiThA / 16 zAsana prApti ke bAda yaha kula do varSa hI jIvita rhaa| isake kAla ke saMbaMdha meM vizeSa vivaraNa prApta nahIM hai / san 1402 I. ke lagabhaga uddharaNadeva kA putra vIramadeva gaddI para baiThA / " yaha bar3A parAkramI thaa| isake kAla meM mallU ikabAla khA~ ne isa para AkramaNa kiyA parantu vaha vIramadeva ko harAne meM asaphala rahA / isake darabAra meM kuzarAja nAma kA vizvAsapAtra mahAmAtya thA / yaha jaisavAla jaina kula meM utpanna huA thA, isake pitA kA nAma jainapAla aura mA~ kA nAma loNA devI thA / yaha rAjanIti meM bar3A hI dakSa aura parAkramI thA / 18 yaha sadA jainendra kI sevA meM rata rahatA thA / yaha apanI bhAryA ralho aura lakSmaNazrI tathA putra kalyANamalla aura usakI bhAryA jayata mhide 18. vaMze'bhUjjaisavAle vimalaguNabhUlaNaH sAdhuratnaM, ityAdi parivAra ke kalyANa ke liye usa yaMtra kI pUjA karatA thA / isakI eka tIsarI bhAryA kauzIrA thI / isane bha. vijaya kIrti ke upadeza se gvAliyara meM candraprabhu kA eka vizAla mandira banavAyA thA aura bhArI dhUmadhAma se usakA pratiSThotsava samAroha Ayojita kiyA / isa avasara para jonAra (sAmUhika bhoja) bhI Ayojita kI gaI / candraprabhu kA yaha mandira hI bAda meM zekha mohammada gausa kA nivAsa sthAna banA jise Ajama humAyU~ ne bhraSTa kara diyA thA / isa ghaTanA kA vistRta ullekha Age upalabdha hai / 16. Izvara cUDAratnaM vinihata karaghAtavRtta saMhAtaH / candra iva dugdhasiMdhostasmAduddharaNabhUpatirjanitaH // 17 tatputro vIramendraH sakalavasumatI pAla cUr3AmaNiryaH / prakhyAtaH sarvaloke sakalabudhakalAnandakArI vizeSAt / tasmin bhUpAlaratne nikhilanidhigRhe gopadurge prasiddhi, bhu' jAne prAjyarAjyaM vigataripumayaM suprajaH sevyamAnaH // - yazodharacarita prazasti rAjA kA vizvAsapAtra mahAmAtya jaina hone ke kAraNa vIramadeva ke zAsana kAla meM jaina dharmAvalaMbiyoM ko vikAsa kA acchA avasara milA / kuzarAja ne sAdhuzrI jainapAlo bhavaduditayAstatsuto dAnazIlaH / jainendraH rAghanesu pramudita hRdayaH sevakaH sadgurUNAM, loNAkhyA satyazIlA'jani vimalamatirjanapAlasya bhAryA jAtaH SaTtanayAstayoH sakRtinoH zrIhaMsarAjobhavat, teSAmAdyatamastatastadanujaH saurAjanAmA'jani / rairAjobhavarAjakaH samajani prakhyAtakIrtimahAsAdhuzrI kuzarAjakastadanu ca zrI kSemarAjo laghuH ||6|| jAtAH zrIkuzarAja eva sakalakSmApAlacUDAmaNeH, zrImattomara-vIramasya vidito vizvAsapAtraM mahAn / maMtrI maMtravicakSaNaH kSaNamayaH kSINAripakSaH kSaNAt / kSeNImIkSaNarakSaNamati jainendra pUjArataH // 7 // 344 - yazodharacarita prazasti ? - yazodharacarita prazasti

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darabAra ke hI eka anya kAyastha vidvAna padmanAbha se bha. guNakIrti ke AdezAnusAra " yazodhara caritra" (dayA sundara vidhAna ) nAmaka kAvya kI racanA karavAI / isake zAsanakAla kI saMvat 1460, 1468, 1469 aura 1479 kI likhI huI cAra granthalipi prazastiyAM abhI bhI upalabdha haiN| saM. 1460 meM gopAcala meM sAhU varadeva ke caityAlaya meM bha. hemakIrti ke ziSya muni dharmacanda ne mAgha vadI dazamI ke dina " samyakatva kaumudI" kI prati AtmapaThanArtha lipibaddha ko| saM. 1468 meM ASAr3ha vadI 2, zukravAra ke dina kASThA saMgha, mAthurAnvaya ke AcArya zrI bhAvasena, sahastrakIrti aura bha. guNakIrti kI AmnAya meM sAhU marUdeva kI putrI devasari ne 'paMcAstikAya" TIkA kI pratilipi lipibaddha karAI thii| jo isa samaya kAraMjA ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM upalabdha hai 120 saMvat 1469 meM AcArya amRtacanda kRta pravacana sArthI kI "tatbadIpikA " TIkA likhI gii| san 1479 meM ASAr3ha sudI 5 budhavAra ke dina gar3hotpura ke neminAtha cetyAlaya meM jautukA strI saro ne apane jJAnavarNI karNo ke kSayArtha " SaTakarmopadeza" kI eka prati likhakara jaita zrI kI ziSyA vimalamati ko pUjA vidhAna mahotsava ke sAtha samarpita kI thI jise paMDita rAmacandra ne likhA thA / yaha prati Amera ke bhaNDAra meM surakSita hai / vIramadeva ke pazcAt usakA putra gaNapatideva gaddI para baiThA / usakA rAjyakAla atya rahA, jisakA vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM hai / san 1424 meM gaNapatideva ke putra DUMgarasiMha taMvara gaddI para AsIna hue / yaha bar3e hI vIra aura parAkramI zAsaka the / usane zAsana sa~bhAlate hI apanI senA saMgaThita kara mAlave kI rAjadhAnI mAMDU para AkramaNa kara vahA~ ke rAjA huzaMgazAha ko parAsta kiyaa| saMbhavataH isI vijaya meM inake hAtha kohinUra nAmaka vizvaprasiddha hIrA lgaa| isa prakAra usane apane rAjya kI sImA aura bar3hAkara apanI sthiti aura sudRr3ha kara lI / isake kAla meM rAjya meM sabhI prakAra kI sukha zAMti thI / isase nikaTavartI rAjyoM ke zAsakoM kI lalacAI dRSTi sadaiva isake rAjya para lagI rahatI thI aura yadA-kadA gvAliyara para AkramaNa hote rahate the / rAjA DUMgarasiMha ne sabhI kA DaTakara mukAbalA kiyA aura sabhI meM vijayI rahe / vibhinna lekhakoM ne isakI vIratA kA varNana karate hue likhA hai ki "vaha aneka rAjAoM dvArA pUjita 19. samvat 1460 zAke 1325 SaSThAvdayormadhye virodhI nAma saMvatsare pravartata gopAcala durgasthAne rAjA vIramadeva rAjya pravartamAne sAhu varadeva caityAlaye bha. zrI hemakIrtideva tatziSya muni dharmacandra eNa AtmapaThanArtha pustakaM likhitaM mAgha vadi 10 bhaumadine / - terApaMthI mandira jayapura, zAstra bhaNDAra 20 saMvatsaresmin vikramAditya gatAnda 1468 varSa ASAr3ha vadi 2 zukra dine zrI gopAcale rAjA vIramedeva vijaya rAjya pravartamAne zrI kASThAsaMghe mAthurAnvaye puSkara gaNa AcArya zrI bhAvasaMnadevAH tatpaTTe zrI sahastrakIrtidevAH tatpaTTe maTTAraka zrI guNakIrtidevAsteSAmAmnAye saMghaI mahArAjavadhU sAdhu maradeva putrI devasirI tathA idaM paMtrAstikAyasAra graMtha likhApitam / 345 - kAraMjA bhaNDAra, jayapura

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tayA sammAnita thaa| aura zatruoM kA mAna mardana karane cAroM ora jaina pratimAoM ke khudavAne kA kArya prArambha meM dakSa thA 12" yuddha-sthala meM usake samAna koI vIra kara diyaa| ina abhilekhoM meM jainAcArya devasena, yoddhA nahIM thaa| naravara gar3ha meM sthita vijaya stambha yazakIti, jayakIti, Adi bhaTTArakoM kA bhI ullekha (jaita stambha) abhI bhI isakI sAkSI de rahA hai| milatA hai| isa kArya para karor3oM rupaye vyaya hue tathA kula 33 varSa kA samaya lgaa| DU'garasiMha apane paranta ina saba vijaya abhiyAnoM meM vyasta rahate hue jIvanakAla meM ise pUrA nahIM karA skaa| taba usaka bhI usakA dhyAna vidvAnoM, dhArmika samArohoM aura priya putra kIrtisiMha ne use pUrA kraayaa| nirmANoM kI ora bhI gyaa| isane jaina dharma ke siddhAMtoM ko apane jIvana meM apanAyA / jaina dharma se usakA anurAga DUMgarasiMha ke rAjya meM anya nirmANa aura mUti pratiSThA mAtra hI nahIM thA kintu usa para usakI parama AsthA thii| ve jaina dharma ke prabala poSaka the| vaha jaina vidvAnoM mUrti nirmANa ke atirikta rAjA DUMgarasiMha ke samaya evaM saMtoM ko bar3e hI Adara kI daSTi se dekhatA thaa| meM gvAliyara ke jaina dharmAnuyAyI zrAvakoM ne grantha nirmANa __aura mUrti pratiSThA kA bhI kArya sampanna kraayaa| san isake rAjyakAla meM hI gvAliyara gar3ha kI caTTAnoM 1429 meM ma. guNakIrti ke ziSya bha. yazakIrti ne Atma meM jaina pratimAoM ke utkhanana ke kArya kA prArambha huaa| paThanArtha, "sukumAla carita".3 aura kavi zrIdhara kI san 1440 I. ke tIna zilAlekha isa bAta ke sUcaka haiM "saMskRta bhaviSya data paMcamI" kathA kI pratiyA~ likhaki inake Azraya meM aneka jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ne durga ke vAI thiiN| isake atirikta unhoMne harivaMza purANa, 21. zrI tomarAnurkAzakhAmaNitvaM, yaH praapbhuupaalshtaacitaaNghriH|| zrI rAjamAno hatazatrumAnaH / , zrI DUMgaredo'tra, narAdhiposti / / samayasAra lipi pra0 senagaNa bhaNDAra, kAraMjA ................ bhupabala parANu, samaraMgaNi aNNu Na tahu samANu / Niruvama avirala guNa maNi Nikeu, .............. / sAhaNasamudu jayasiriNivAsu, jasa Uyari pauriyadahadisAsu / jasa karavAla NihAeM ari-kavAla, toDi vi dhalliu NaM kamalaNAlu / dupiccha miccha raNaraMgu mallu, ariyaNakAmiNimaNa diNNa sallu / .. sammatattaguNanidhAna prazasti 23. -savat 1468 varSa azvaNi vadi 13 somadine gopAcaladurge rAjA DUMgarasiMhatheva devavijayarAjya pravartamAne zrI kASThAsaMghe mAthurAncaye AcArya zrI bhAvasena devAstatpaTTe zrI sahastrakIti devAstatpaTTe zrI guNakIrti devAstaziSyena zrI yazaH kItidevana nijajJAnAvaraNI karma kSayArtha idaM sukamAla carita likhApitaM / kIyastha yAjanAputra thalU lekhanIyaM / ...... jayapura bhaNDAra / 24. saMvat 1486 varSa ASAr3ha vadi 9 gurudine gopAcaladurge rAjA DUMgarasiMha rAjya pravartamAne zrI kASThAsaMgha mAthurAnvaye puSkaragaNe AcArya zrI sahastrakIrti devAstatpaTTe AcArya guNakIrti devAstacchiSya yaza:kIti devAstena nijajJAnAvaraNI karma kSayArtha idaM bhaviSyadatta paMcamI kathA likhApitaM ..... nayA maMdira dharmapurA dillI 346

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rAtri bhojana kathA, ravivAra vrata kathA, candranAtha caritra Adi 23 grantha bhI likhe the / ye saM. 1486 taka rahe / samvat 1492 se pUrva agravAla vaMzaja sAhU bemasiMha ke putra sAhU kamalasiMha ne 11 hAtha U~cI AdinAtha kI eka vizAla mUrti kA nirmANa kraayaa| isake pratiSThotsava meM rAjA dUMgarasiMhajI ne zAsana se pUrA sahayoga pradAna kiyA aura tAmbUla Adi se usakA sammAna kiyaa| " saMvat 1492 meM sAhU kamalasiMha ne kavi raIpU se "sammata guNa nidhAna" nAmaka grantha kI racanA karavAI jo bhAdrapada mAsa ke pUrNimA ke dina samApta huii| isa grantha kI racanA karane meM kavi ko 3 mAsa kA samaya lgaa| isake bAda kavi raI ne "neminAtha caritra", "pArzvanAtha caritra" tathA "balabhadra caritra" (rAmAyaNa) nAmaka granthoM kI racanA kii| saM. 1496 meM race gaye "sukauzala caritra" nAmaka granthoM meM ina granthoM kI racanA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| ye jAti ke padamAvatI puravAla the / inake pitA kA nAma harisiMha siMgI thA / balahara cariu meM kevala harivaMza purANa (nemijana cariu ) ke race jAne kA bhI ullekha milatA hai / harivaMza purANa meM triSaSTizalAkA carita ( mahApurANa ), medhezvara caritra, yazodhara caritra, vRttasAra aura jIvaMdhara nAmaka 6 anya granthoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai / ye sabhI saM. 1496 se pUrva ke race gaye haiN| sammaIjina 25. 26. 27. 28. carita prazasti meM meghadavara carita, triSaSThi mahApurANa, siddhacakravidhi, balahadda cariu, sudarzana carita aura dhanyakumAra carita nAmaka granthoM kA bhI ullekha hai / saMbhavataH ye sabhI grantha kavi raIghU ne saM. 1492 aura 1496 ke kAla meM likhe haiM / inameM eka aura grantha "Atma saMbodha kAvya" kI 29 patrAtmaka jIrNa prati bhI upalabdha hai| 2" jo saMvat 1448 kI likhI huI hai / raIghU ke kAla meM gvAliyara meM jaina dharma evaM saMskRti atyadhika sampanna avasthA meM thii| DUMgarendrasiMha aura kIrtisiMha ke kAla meM gar3ha ke nIce nagara meM bahuta se jaina mandira bane the / raIdhU ne likhA hai ki- "nagara jaina mandiroM se vibhUSita thA aura zrAvaka dAna-pUjA meM nirata rahate the / ........ " naiminAtha, candraprabhu aura varddhamAna ke jaina mandira the aura unake pAsa bihAra bhI bane the|" svayaM raI aise hI bihAra meM rahatA thaa| alavara aura caurAsI mathurA ke jaina mandiroM meM gvAliyara ke taumaroM ke ullekha yukta pratimAe~ inhIM jaina mandiroM kI haiN| isase pratIta hotA hai ki kavivara raIghU dIrghajIvI rahe hoNge| upalabdha granthoM se unakA racanAkAla saM. 1448 se saM. 1525 taka kA upalabdha hotA hai / ... saM. 1497 meM "paramAtma prakAza" grantha kI saTIka prati kI racanA kI gaI / 27 isI varSa pAMDu purANa bhI apabhraMza bhASA meM likhA gayA / saM. 1506 meM ghanapAla kI " bhaviSyadatta paMcamI kathA" tathA saM. 1510 meM " samaya sAra" nAmaka granthoM kI pratilipi kI gaI / 128 - jo devAhideva tityaMkaru, AiNAhu titthoya suhaMkaru / tahu paDimA duggai - niNNAsaNi, jAmicchata - girida - sarAsaNi, jAmahiro- soya duhaNAsaNi saMvata 1448 varSe phAlguNa vadi 1 gurau dine strAvaga laSmaNa kammakSaya vinAzArtha likhitaM / Amera bhaNDAra jayapura meM abhI bhI surakSita hai / yaha abhI bhI jayapura ke TholiyoM ke mandira ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM surakSita hai| yaha abhI bhI kAraMjA ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM surakSita hai / 347 " - yaha

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unake atirikta jJAnArNava, candraprabhu caritra tathA parimAla kavi AgarA dvArA zrIpAla caritra Adi likhe gye| saM. 1497 aura saM. 1510 meM pratiSThApita mUrtiyoM ke lekha upalabdha haiN| zAha ToDaramala jI, dola jI kAzalIvAla bhI unake kAla meM hI mAravAr3a se gvAliyara Aye the / usa samaya tomara va kachavAya jaina mata pAlate the| unhoMne pahAr3I para guphA va jaina mandira ke nirmANa bhI karAye / ve jainadharma se bar3A prabhAvita the / tatkAlIna ma. guNakIti ke prati isake hRdaya meM asIma zraddhA thI / unake upadezAmRta se isane jaina dharma svIkAra kiyaa| isa kAla meM guNakIrti unake ziSyoM tathA praziSyoM kA bhI jaina dharma evaM jaina saMskRti ke pracAra evaM prasAra meM ina mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa mUrtikalA ke kSetra meM isa pradeza ke kArIgaroM kA abhinava prayAsa thA jisake antargata vi. saM. 1530 taka ke 33 varSa ke thor3e samaya sarvAdhika yogadAna rahA / isake kAla meM anekoM mUrtiyoM meM hI durga kI ye beDola aura mUka caTTa ne vizAlatA, kA nirmANa huA tathA pratiSThAyeM karavAI gii| isake kAla meM prajA sukhI tathA samRddha thI isane kula 30 varSa / taka gvAliyara para zAsana kiyA / vItarAgitA, zAnti, evaM tapasyA kI bhAva vyaMjanA se mukharita ho uThIM / gar3ha ke cAroM ora khudI huI ina vizAla mUrtiyoM ko dekhakara aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ina mUrtiyoM ke nirmANakartA apanI zraddhA aura bhakti ke anukUla vizAla pratimAoM kA nirmANa karanA athavA karAnA cAhate hoNge| ataH isase prerita hokara utkI faoN ne nirmANaka kI nirmala bhAvanAoM ko sAkAra rUpa pradAna karane ke uddezya se usa vizAlatA meM saundarya kA aura samAveza kara kalA kI apUrva kRtiyoM kA nirmANa kiyA / pratimAoM ke ye samUha durga ke vibhinna aMcaloM meM bane haiM jo guhA mandiroM ke nAma se jAne jAte haiM / ye asaMkhya choTe-bar3e mandira saMkhyA aura AkAra kI dRSTi se uttara bhArata meM advitIya haiN| mUrtikalA aura mandira sthApatya donoM meM adbhuta sAmaMjasya sthApita hai / sabase / isake pazcAt kIrtisiMha yA kIrtipAla gaddI para baiThA / yaha DUMgarasiMha kA putra thA / yaha apane pitA ke samAna hI guNajJa, balavAna aura rAjanIti meM catura thA 132 yaha parAkramI hone ke sAtha-sAtha dayAlu, sahRdaya aura prajA vatsala bhI thaa| isane lagabhaga san 1924 meM zAsana bhAra grahaNa kiyA / isane apane rAjya ko aura bhI bddh'aayaa| isake samaya ke do lekha 1468 aura 1473 I. ke mile haiN| isakI mRtyu san 1479 meM huI thI ataH isakA rAjyakAla 1479 taka mAnA jAtA hai / " yaha jaina dharma meM atyAdhika AsthA rakhatA thA / isane apane pitA dvArA adhUre chor3e gaye mUrtiyoM ke utkhanana ke kArya ko pUrA kraayaa| isakA kAla saM. 1522 se 1531 taka milatA hai| isa kAla meM anekoM naI mUrtiyAM bhI pratiSThita huI jinameM akita lekhoM meM kIrtisiMha kA ullekha milatA hai / udAharaNArtha - bAbA kI bAvar3I ke dAhinI ora banI pArzvanAtha kI mUrti para likhe abhilekha meM mahArAjA kIrtisiMha kA vivaraNa diyA hai| isa khar3agAsana mUrti ke nikaTa hI nau anya mUrtiyA~ bhI khudI haiM jinameM kucha padamAsana bhI haiN| inake mukha khaMDita kara diye gaye haiN| 29. dekho janarala eziyATika sosAiTI bhAga 31, pu. 423 gopAcala durge tomaravaMze rAjA zrI gaNapati devAsta putroM mahArAjAdhirAja zrI DUMgarasiMha rAjye (pratiSThitaM ) caurAsI mathurA kI mUlanAyaka mUrti kA lekha / kavi raIdhU - zrIpAla caritra samayasAra lipi, pra0 zAstra bhanDAra, kAraMjA / 30. 31. 34=

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pramukha vizeSatA yaha hai ki inakA nirmANa rAjAoM ne vAstava meM yaha 57 phuTa U~cI hai / isakI caraNa caukI nahIM varan tatkAlIna jaina vyApAriyoM va anya para saM. 1497 likhA hai| vartamAna meM isake nIce kA zrAvakoM ne krvaayaa| aneka jaina mahilAoM ne bhI isake kucha bhAga miTTI meM daba gayA hai| yaha caraNoM ke pAsa nirmANa ke liye dAna diye the| isa kArya meM hajAroM 9 phUTa caur3I hai| yahIM 22 nambara kI neminAtha ke zilpakAroM ne bhAga liyA, jinake kuzala hAthoM ne padamAsana mUrti hai| jo 30 phuTa U~cI hai| neminAtha kI lagabhaga Der3ha mIla lambe gopAcala durga ko utkIrNa karane itanI vizAla mUrti zAyada hI anyatra kahIM ho / yogya koI konA zeSa nahIM choddaa| ina sArI pratimAoM ko 5 samUhoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai| (2) dakSiNa pazcima sama haH -- yaha khaMbhA tAla ke nIce urabAI dvAra kI bAhara kI zilA para hai| isameM (1) urabAhI sama haH-urabAI dvAra para kula 22 5 mUtiyA~ haiN| 1 nambara ke pratimA samUha meM eka strI, jaina mUrtiyA~ haiN| inameM se 6 murtiyoM para saM. 1497 puruSa tathA bAlaka kI mUrtiyA~ haiM / 2 nambara meM eka 8 (san 1440 I.) se saM. 1510 (san 1453 I.) phUTa lambI leTI haI strI kI pratimA hai jo 8 phuTa lambI ke abhilekha khade haiM / inameM 20 nambara kI AdinAtha kI hai| isa para oSa kiyA haA hai| prArambha meM kucha loga mati sabase vizAla hai| bAbara ne apane "bAbaranAmA' ise buddha bhagavAna kI mUrti batAte the| parantu vizeSa meM isakI U~cAI 20 gaja anumAna kI thii| parantu zodha karane ke pazcAta itihAsakAra isI niSkarSa para (gvAliyara durga para utthita padamAsasa mudrA meM vizAla jaina pratimA) 346

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- eka patthara kI vAvaDI para sthita guhA mandira meM utkhanita vizAla jana pratimAoM ke samUha kA eka dRSTi) pahu~ce ki ye jaina mUrtiyA~ haiN| saMbhavatayA yaha trizalA isa samaha meM lagabhaga 20 pratimAyeM 20 se 30 phaTa mAtA tathA mahAvIra kI mUrti hai| kalA kI dRSTi se ina taka kI U~cAI kI aura lagabhaga itanI hI 8 se 15 phaTa mUrtiyoM kA vizeSa mahatva nahIM hai / taka kI U~cAI liye huye haiN| isameM AdinAtha, neminAtha, (3) uttara pazcima samUha :-- isameM AdinAtha padmaprabhu, candraprabhu, saMbhavanAtha, kuntanAtha, aura mahAvIra kI eka mahattvaparNa mUrti banI hai jisa para saM. 1527 kA Adi kI mUrtiyA~ haiM / inameM kucha eka matiyoM para 1525 abhilekha akita hai| yaha vizeSa kalAtmaka nahIM hai| se 1530 taka ke abhilekha khude haye haiN| (4) uttara pUrva samUha :-- isameM bhI choTI-choTI ina samahoM meM tIrthakaroM ke atirikta aMvikA, yakSa, matiyA~ haiM aura una para bhI koI lekha na hone se yakSiNI tathA vibhinna pratIka bhI utkIrNa kiye gae haiN| etihAsika daSTi se adhika mahatva nahIM rakhatI haiM / kalA inake atirikta telI kI lATa ke pAsa tathA gujarI mahala kI dRSTi se bhI unakA koI vizeSa mahatva nahIM hai| saMgrahAlaya meM rakhI pratimAyeM bhI adhikatara inakI sama (5) dakSiNa pUrva samUha :-isa samUha kI mUrtiyA~ kAlIna pratIta hotI haiN| isase pratIta hotA hai ki kalA kI dRSTi se atyAdhika mahattvapUrNa haiN| ye mUrtiyA~ uparokta samUhoM ke atirikta anya pratimAoM kA bhI phUlabAga ke daravAje se nikalate hI lagabhaga Adhe mIla nirmANa huA thaa| ke kSetra meM khadI huI dikhAI detI haiN| anya mUrtiyoM kI grantha nirmANa-mUrti pratiSThAyeM :apekSA kUcha bAda meM banane ke kAraNa ye abhyasta hAthoM dvArA nirmita hone ke kAraNa inameM aMgoM ke anupAta inake zAsanakAla meM hI kazA sAha jI jaisavAla aura sauSThava meM kahIM nyUnatA nahIM dikhAI detii| inameM vaMzaja ne gopAcala pahAr3I ke bAharI tarapha kucha guphAoM kalA kA rUpa nikhara uThA hai| meM mUrtiyA~ khudavAI tathA mandira banavAkara pratiSThAye 350

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karavAI jisameM karor3oM rupaye vyaya huye / eka anya agra- saM. 1521 meM "jJAnArNava" nAmaka grantha kI eka vAla vaMzaja goyala gotrI khalhA nAmaka jaina sajjana ne pratilipi lipibaddha kI gii| bha. guNabhadra ne bhI bhI gopAcala ke bAharI ora guphA mandira banavAkara gvAliyara nivAsI jaina zrAvakoM kI preraNA se anekoM AcArya mahIcandajI mahArAja dvArA pratiSThA krvaaii| kathAoM kI racanA kii| isameM bhI karor3oM rupaye vyaya haye / saM. 1515 meM bAbar3I kI ora golAlAre vaMzaja kamUda candra ne pArzvanAtha kI ___ kItisiMha kI mRtyu ke pazcAt unake putra kalyANa mala (mallasiha) ne zAsana kI bAgaDora sNbhaalii| mUrti kI pratiSThA karAI jisameM siMhakIti nAmaka inhoMne saM. 1481 I. se 1486 I. taka hI zAsana bhaTTAraka ne bhI bhAga liyaa| kiyaa| inake samaya meM koI ullekhanIya ghaTanA nahIM saM. 1521 meM gvAliyara ke jaisavAla kUla bhUSaNa huii| saMbhavata apane zAsanakAla ke 7 varSoM meM inhoMne kIrtisiMha ke una kAryoM ko, jo adhUre the, pUrNa kiyaa| ulhA sAhU ke neSTha putra sAhU padamasiMha ne apanI caMcala lakSmI kA upayoga karane ke liye 24 jinAlayoM kA inakA kAla bahata zAntipUrvaka biitaa| inake kAla kA saM. 1552 kA kevala eka hI mUrtilekha upalabdha hai|" nirmANa karavAyA tathA eka lAkha grantha likhavAkara meMTa kiye / inake rAjyakAla meM jaina sAhitya racanA kA _san 1486 I. meM kalyANamala kI mRtyu ke pazcAt bhI kArya huaa| kavivara raIghU ne inake rAjya kAla unakA putra mAnasiMha gaddI para baiThA / yaha rAjA, bar3A meM "samyaktva kaumudI" tathA "zrAvakAcAra" kI racanA pratApI, saMgIta premI aura kalA premI thA aura jisa kii| kisI prakAra se apane pUrvajoM dvArA saMrakSita evaM saMvardhita rAjya ko svataMtra rakhane meM samartha ho tukA thA / uparokta mandiroM meM se kucheka samApta ho gaye haiM ise apane zAsanakAla meM anekoM bAra bahalola lodI aura kucha kA jIrNoddhAra hokara naye mandira bana gaye haiM aura usakI matyU para usake pUtra sikandara lodI se jo abhI bhI gvAliyara meM apane parivartita rUpa meM sthita lohA lenA pdd'aa| isane saMgIta aura kalA ko apanA haiN| sAhitya kA adhikatara bhAga naSTa ho gayA hai, bahata / sarakSaNa pradAna kiyaa| isake kAla meM yahA~ eka saMgIta kama hI zeSa hai| . vidyAlaya bhI thaa| suprasiddha gAyaka tAnasena ne isI 32. vijjula caMcalu lacchIsahAu, Aloibihuu jinndhmmmaau| jiNa gaMthu lihAvau lakvu eku, sAvaya lakkhA hArIti rikkhu / muNi bhojana bhuMjAviya sahAsu, cauvIsa jiNAlau ki u sumAsu - jaina grantha prazasti, jaina grantha prazasita saM0, pR0 144 bArAbaMkI zAstra bhaMDAra. / 33. yaha grantha jaina siddhAnta bhavana ArA meM upalabdha hai| 34. jaina lekha saMgraha -pUrNacandra nAhara bhAga 2 / 35. ___ eka sobanakI laMkA jisi, to varU rAu sabala vrviir| bhuyabala Ayu ju sAhasa dhIra, mAnasiMha jaga jAniye / tAke rAja sukhI loga, rAja samAna karahiM dinabhoga / jainadharma bahuvidhi caleM, zrAvagadina ju kareM SaT karma / -namIzyavara gIta 351

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vidyAlaya meM saMgIta zikSA grahaNa kI thii| isake dvArA ukta zilAlekha se prakaTa hotA hai ki mAnasiMha ke banavAyA gayA mahala mAna mandira (citra mahala) hindU kAla meM bhI kucha jaina pratimAeM utkIrNa kI gaI thiiN| sthApanya kalA kA adabhuta namUnA hai / bAbara ne bhI isa ukta pratimA kI sthApanA sarasvatI gaccha ke bhadrArakoM ne mahala kI kArIgarI kI prazaMsA kI hai / isake atirikta karAI thii| isane mRganayanI gUjarI ke liye gUjaro mahala banavAyA / dya pada gItoM kA AviSkAra bhI sarvaprathama mahArAjA bhaTTAraka maNicandra deva ke pazcAt jo muni hae mAnasiMha dvArA hI haa| inhoMne "mAna kutuhala" ke / unakA nAma ukta zilAlekha meM nahIM par3hA jA sakA, tathApi nAma se eka saMgIta grantha kI racanA kii| parantu ina unheM bhaTTAraka ke sthAna para muni kahane se prakaTa hotA hai sabake bAvajUda isake zAsanakAla meM isake dvArA kisI ki mUlasaMgha kI isa zAkhA kA mUla paTTa gvAliyara ke bAdara kahIM sthApita ho gayA thaa| 37 pratibhA sampanna sAhityakAra ko prazraya nahIM diyA jAne se, isa samaya taka upalabdha apabhraMza kI racanAoM kI prAcIna sAhitya ke abhAva meM yaha kahanA kaThina hai paramparA samApta ho gaI jisake kAraNa Aja anya anekoM ki mahArAjA DUgarasiMha evaM kIrtisiMha ke rAjyakAla tathya a~dhere ke garta meM DUba gaye haiN| meM samAdRta jaina sAdhuoM evaM bhaTTArakoM ke prati unakA vyavahAra kaisA thA tathApi isa bAta kI saMbhAvanA kama - mahArAjA mAnasiMha ke kAla kA san 1495 I. kA hI hai ki saMgIta, bhavana nirmANa, kalA ko saMrakSaNa deneeka zilAlekha avazya gvAliyara gar3ha kI eka jaina pratimA kI caraNa caukI para milA thA, jisase isa pradeza kI vAle tathA yuddhoM meM vyasta mahArAjA dhArmika vivecana ke jaina dharma kI tatkAlIna sthiti para prakAza par3atA hai| liye samaya de sake hoNge| sAhityika pramANoM ke abhAva ' usakI prathama tIna paMktiyA~ mahattvapUrNa haiN| ... meM inake kAla ke saMbaMdha meM koI zodha-kArya nahIM ho pAyA hai / phira bhI eka-do ullekha milate haiM jinake anusAra zrImada gopAcalagar3ha mahArAjAdhirAja san 1501 meM caitra sudI 10 somavAra ke dina kAmaThAsaMgha zrI mallasiMhadeva vijayarAjye pravartamAne / saMvata 1552 naMdigaccha vidyAgaNa ke bhaTTAraka somakIrta aura bha. varSe jyeSTha sudi 9 somavAsare zrI mUlasaMghe valatkaragaNe vijayakIti ke ziSya vrahyakAlA dvArA gopAcala durga meM sarasvatIgacche / kudakudAcAryAnviye / bha. zrI padma- Atma paThanArtha amara kIti ke "SaTkarmopadeza' kI prati nandideva tat paTTAlaMkAra zrI zubhacandra deva / tatpaTTa likhavAe jAne kA ullekha milatA hai / isake atibha. maNicandra deva / tatpaTTe paM. muni ...' gaNi kacara rikta san 1512 meM gopAcala meM zrAvaka sirImala ke deva tadanvaye bAraha zreNI vaMze sAlama bhAryA va ..... pUtra catarU ne 44 padyoM ke "nemIzvara gIta""kI racanA 36. gvAliyara rAjya ke abhilekha, ka0 341, pUrNacandra nAhara, jaina abhilekha-bhAga 2, kra0 1429 / 37. gvAliyara ke tomara-harihara nivAsa dvivedI, pra0 1 / .8. atha napati vikramAditya saMvat 1558 varSa caitra sudI 10 somavAsare azlekhA nakSatre gopAcalagar3ha duga mahArAjAdhirAja zrI mAnasiMha rAjye pravartamAne zrI kASThAsaMghe naMdigacche vidyAgaNe bha0 zrI somakIrti devAstatpaTe bha. zrI vijayasena devAstata ziSya brahmakAlA ida SaTkarmopadezazAstra likhApye aatmpttnaa| -prazasti saM0 Amera pR0 173 352 .

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kii| isameM jainiyoM ke 23 veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kA jIvana-paricaya aMkita hai / " udhara sikaMdara lodI kI mRtyu ke pazcAt ibrAhIma lodI ne zAsana saMbhAlate hI apane pUrvajoM kI mahattvA kAMkSA ko sAkAra karane ke uddezya se gvAliyara durgaM para punaH AkramaNa kara diyaa| isI bIca san 1519 I. meM mahArAjA mAnasiMha kI mRtyu ho gaI aura talavAroM kI chAyA meM unake putra vikramAditya gaddI para baitthe| unake netRtva meM rAjapUta jI tor3akara lar3e para apane se anupAta meM kaI gunI lodiyoM kI senA para vijaya na pA sake aura lodiyoM ke senApati humAyUM se sandhi karanA par3I / ve aba zamasAbAda ke eka jAgIradAra mAtra raha gae aura unheM lodiyoM kI ora se pAnIpata meM bAbara ke viruddha yuddha karane bhejA gayA / isa bIca taMvara vaMza ke eka dUsare tejasvI rAjakumAra rAmasiMha tomara ne gvAliyara durga para AkramaNa kara kile ke aphagAna adhikArI tAtAra khAM ko parAsta kara durga para apane jhaNDe gADa diye / lagabhaga isI kAla meM san 1523 I. ke AsapAsa kabhI pola mohammada gausa nAmaka phakkar3a sAdhU gAjIpura (mUlanAma kumAragar3ha) se gvAliyara A base / ve Akara candraprabhU ke mandira meM Thahare / yaha candraprabhU kA mandira vahI vizAla jaina mandira thA jise vIramadeva tomara ke maMtrI kuza rAja ne banavAyA thA / " yaha mandira Ajama humAyU~ ke AkramaNa ke samaya (san 1518 23 ) kSatigrasta kara diyA gayA thA / zekha gausa ne isI meM apanI khAnakAha banAI aura Aja vahIM usakA majAra banA hai| 39. ina paMktiyoM ke lekhaka ne san 1669 meM prakAzita gvAliyara jaina DAyarekTarI meM apane eka lekha "atIta kI ora eka dRSTi" meM itihAsakAroM kA dhyAna isa ora AkarSita kiyA thA, aura bar3I prasannatA kA viSaya hai| ki san 1976 meM prakAzita zrI harihara nivAsa jI dvivedI kI pustaka " gvAliyara ke taumara" meM isa sambandha meM upalabdha aitihAsika pramANa evaM tathya ujAgara hue haiN| isa sambandha meM khaDgarAya kI pustaka " gopAcala AsthAna" meM varNita sUtra paryApta prakAza DAlatA hai : jo vidhinA vidhi Apana kareM, soI hoI na TArI TaraM / dekho vidhanA ko saMjoga, janameM kahU~ kahU~ rahaiM loga || pUMrava gAjIpura ko ThAU, kumaragar3hA tAko rahi nAU / mohammada gausa jahAM te AI, rahe gvAliyara meM sukha pAi // yaha grantha abhI Amera bhaNDAra meM surakSita hai / saMvata pandraha se che gameM, gunahattari tAUpara bhane bhAdoM vadi paMcamIvAra, soma navitu revatI sAra // gvAliyara ke tomara - hariharanivAsa dvivedI pR0 63 1 41. pUrvokta, pR0 203 - 41 40. vidhinA vidhi aise huI soI bhaI ju AI / candraprabhU ke thohareM rahe gausa sukha pAI // isa bIca tAtAra khAM durga meM hI chipA rahA aura jaise hI bAbara dillI kA mamrATa banA, tAtAra khAM ne use gupta saMdeza bhejakara usase sahAyatA prApta kI aura mohammada gausa sAhaba kI kRpA se khvAjA rahIma aura zekha gorana ke netRtva meM vizAla senA se durga para AkramaNa kara use apane Adhipatya meM le liyA aura mahArAjA rAmasiMha tomara mevAr3a kI ora bhAga gaye / isa prakAra san 1559 meM durga punaH mugaloM ke hAtha meM calA gyaa| udhara vikramAditya pAnIpata yuddha meM vIragati pA gaye / isI ke sAtha hI tomara vaMza kA sUrya sadA ke liye asta ho gayA / isake sAtha-sAtha hI dhArmika, sAhityika evaM 353 ,

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kalAtmaka gatividhiyAM samApta ho gii| vikramAditya uravA burA sthAna nahIM hai| yaha banda sthAna hai| kA paribAra aba humAyU' ke adhIna ho gyaa| usakI mUrtiyAM hI isa sthAna kA sabase bar3A deSa hai / maiMne unake sadabhAvanA pAne ke uddezya se unhoMne ta~varoM dvArA mAMDU naSTa karane kA Adeza de diyaa| . ke sultAnoM para prApta vijaya kI nizAnI ratnoM kA saratAja (kohinUra) nAmaka vizvaprasiddha hIrA humAyU uravA se nikalakara hama punaH kile meM praviSTa hue| ko bheMTa kara diyaa| hamane sultAnI pula kI khir3akI se saira kii| yaha kAphiroM ke samaya se abhI taka banda rahI hogii| hama loga mugaloM kA pUrNa adhikAra ho jAne ke bAda jaba sAyaMkAla kI namAja ke samaya rahImadAda ke vagIce bAdazAha bAbara svayaM gvAliyara AyA taba isa durga kA meM phuNce| vahIM Thahara kara hama so ge| hama logoM ne avalokana karate samaya san 1527 meM usakI dRSTi isa bagIce se prasthAna karake gvAliyara ke mandiroM kI durga para sthita jaina mUrtiyoM para bhI pdd'ii| saira kii| kucha mandiroM meM do-do aura kucha meM tIna-tIna maMjileM thiiN| pratyeka maMjila prAcIna prathAnusAra nIcIbAbara ne "bAbaranAmA" meM apanI gvAliyara yAtrA nIcI thiiN| unake patthara ke stambha ke nIce kI caukI para (28 sitambara 1528 I.) kA varNana karate hue patthara kI mUrtiyAM rakhI thIM / kucha mandira madarasoM ke likhA hai:-42 samAna the| unameM dAlAna tathA Uce gumbaja evaM madarasoM isa bAharI dIvAra ke nIce tathA bAhara eka bahata baDI ke kamaroM ke samAna kamare the| pratyeka kamare ke Upara jhIla hai| yaha (kabhI-kabhI) itanI sUkha jAtI hai ki pattha patthara ke tarAze hae sakare gUmbaja the| nIce kI koThariyoM jhIla nahI raha paatii| isameM se Ava dunda jala saMgraha) meM caTTAna se tarAzI huI mUrtiyAM thIM, jJAta hotA hai ki meM jala jAtA hai| uravA ke bhItara do anya jhIleM haiN| ye Ajana humAyU' ke ghere ke samaya apUjya aura bhaSTa kara kile ke nivAsI inake jala ko sabase adhika uttama diye gae the; aura phira bAvara ke vaMzajoM ke adhikAriyoM samajhate haiN| ne inheM tur3avA diyaa| uravA ke tIna ora Thosa caTTAneM haiN| inakA raMga eka janazruti ke anusAra kahA jAtA hai ki eka vayAnA kI Thosa caTTAnoM ke samAna nahIM hai, apitu rAtri ko vaha aura usake sainika itane vizAla AkAra phIkA-phIkA hai| ina dizAoM meM logoM ne patthara kI digambara jaina matiyoM ko dekhakara cakita evaM bhayakI mUrtiyAM kaTavA rakhI haiN| ve choTI-bar3I sabhI prakAra bhIta ho gaye / usake krodha kI sImA na rhii| vaha jaina kI haiN| eka bahuta bar3I mUrti, jo ki dakSiNa kI ora dharma se itanA kra ddha huA ki agale divasa hI usane hai, sambhavataH 20 kArI UMcI hogii| yaha mUrtiyAM pUrNataH apanI senA ko durga para sthita sabhI mUrtiyoM ko samala nagna haiM aura gupta aMga bhI Dhake hue nahIM haiN| uravA kI rUpa se naSTa kara dene kA Adeza pradAna kiyA parantu yaha ina donoM bar3I jhIloM ke cAroM ora 20-30 kUe bhI koI AsAna kArya nahIM thA ataH mugala sainika pratikhude haiM / inake jala se tarakAriyAM, phUla tathA vRkSa mAoM ko samUla rUpa se naSTa na kara sake, unheM khaNDita lagAe jAte haiN| kara gye| aura isa prakAra kuzala kArIgaroM kI 33 42. gvAliyara ke tomara-zrI harihara nivAsa dvivedI, pR0 358

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varSoM ke kaThina parizrama se banI matiyoM ke saundarya ko candraprabhU ke mandira meM jahA~ zekha kI khAnakAha thI unheM kucha hI divasoM meM naSTa kara diyA gayA / kra ra bAbara ne daphanA diyA gayA; aura vahIM utakA makabarA vanA isa kRtya kA apanI AtmakathA (bAbaranAmA) meM bar3e diyA gayA / gaurava ke sAtha ullekha kiyA hai| isa prakAra yadi saca pachA jAye to isa sArI ghaTanA meM jaina hI usake sarvA usake bAda lagabhaga 200 varSoM taka gvAliyara para dhika kopabhAjana rhe| isa thor3e kAla meM usane durga para mugaloM kA hI adhikAra rhaa| isa kAryakAla meM durga kA sthita ina mUrtiyoM ko dhvasta karane ke atirikta nagaroM prayoga kevala baMdI gRha ke rUpa meM hI kiyA gayA mugala zAsakoM dvArA anekoM aise zahajAde, jAgIradAra, bar3e meM sthita mandiroM ko bhI dhvasta kiyA, jahA~ unako yaha saMbhava na dikhA vahA~ matiyoM aura vediyoM ko hI naSTa saradAra tathA anya mahatvapUrNa vyakti jinheM janatA ke samakSa kara apanI santuSTi kara lii| mRtyu daNDa denA ahitakara pratIta hotA thA, isa durga meM lAye jAne lge| yahAM unheM yA to manda jahara de diyA parantu bAbara bhI adhika kAla taka isa durga ko jAtA thA yA aisI yAtanAyeM dI jAtI thIM jinase vaha upabhoga na kara sakA aura san 1540 meM yaha durga pAgala hokara svayaM prANAnta kara lete the| isa taraha mugaloM ke hAtha se nikalakara zerazAha sUrI ke hAthoM meM vibhinna kSetroM se lAye gaye rAja vidrohI hAthI pola se A gyaa| unhoMne ise rAjadhAnI ke rUpa meM prayoga car3hAkara kile meM lAye jAte the aura phira ve saMsAra ke kiyaa| aura yahAM se be zeSa rAjya para zAsana karate / darzana karane ke liye kabhI nahIM lauTate the| rhe| san 1559 I. meM akabara ne sarI vaMza ko akabara kI mRtyu ke bAda jaba jahAMgIra dillI ke naSTakara gvAliyara ko apane adhikAra meM le liyaa| takhta para baiThA taba yaha durga usake adhikAra meM A gyaa| usane likhA hai ki takhta para baiThane ke avasara para usane isa bIca zekha mohammada gauma gvAliyara meM mahattva mugala sAmrAjya ke samasta kaidiyoM ko bandIgRha se mukta pUrNa vyakti bane rahe / gvAliyara durga para mugala rAjAoM karane kI AjJA dii| usa samaya gvAliyara durga se 7 hajAra kA adhikAra karAne aura hara saMkaTa ke samaya unheM mArga kaidI chor3e gye| unameM kaI logoM kI Aya 40 varSa ke darzana va sahAyatA pradAna kara anake rAjya ko sthAyI lagabhaga thii| parantu bAda meM bAdazAha jahAMgIra ne bhI banAne meM zekha gausa ne pramukha bhUmikA kA nirvAha kiyaa| isa durga ko bandIgRha ke rUpa meM hI prayoga kiyaa| isa kAraNa vibhinna mugala zAsakoM bAbara, humAyU aura akabara kI najara meM ve sadaiva sammAnIya vyakti bane rhe| jahAMgIra ke hI zAsanakAla meM eka bAra bhaTrAraka brajagvAliyara durga para niyukta mugala adhikArI bhI unase bhUSaNa ke ziSya padamAvatI puravAla vaMzaja, TApU nivAsI atyAdhika prabhAvita rahe / hijarI san 970 (somavAra zrI brahmagulAla jI muni hone ke bAda bhramaNa karate haye 10 maI 1563 I.) ko AgarA meM zekha mohammada gaus| the| san 1618 I. meM inhoMne yahAM para "trepana kriyA" 43. gvAliyara ke tomara, harihara nivAsa dvivedI pR. 209 / 44. agaracanda nAhaTA--- madhya pradeza ke kavi 'brahmagulAla" madhyabhArata sadeza, 31 disambara 1955 355

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nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI / isameM zrAvakoM kI trepana kriyAoM kA sarala va sundara bhASA meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| isake anta meM ve likhate haiM ki e trepana vidhi karaha kiyA bhava pApa samUhana cUre ho soraha se paiMsaTha samacchara kArtika tIja andhiyArI ho / bhaTTAraka jagabhUSaNa celA brahmagulAla bicArI ho / brahmagulAla vicAri banAI gar3ha gopAcala thAne / chatrapati bahu caka virAje sAhe salema muga lAne // 1 // jahAMgIra ke bAda auraMgajeba usakA uttarAdhikArI bnaa| usane bhI isa durga ko bandIgRha ke rUpa meM prayoga kiyA apane bhAI murAda ko usane isI durga meM bandI banAyA thaa| dArA ke putra sulemAna ziko ko bhI isI durga meM kaida rakhA gyaa| apane putra sulatAna muhammada ko bhI auraMgajeva ne yahIM kaida rkhaa| murAda ko phAMsI bhI isI durga meM dI gii| ina saba kAraNoM se gvAliyara kA kilA mRtyu kA dvAra kahA jAne lgaa| isa prakAra do zatAdviyoM ke isa kAla meM gvAliyara durga bandI ghara ke rUpa meM hI prayukta hotA rhaa| nagara kSetra tathA usake vikAsa ke Upara koI dhyAna nahIM diyA gayA aura bAdazAha ke dvArA niyukta numAyande hI rAjya kI dekhabhAla karate rhe| isa kAla meM jainiyoM kI dazA ke bAre meM kucha bhI lekha Adi nahIM milate haiM / saMbhavata: isa kAla meM zAsana kI virodhI nIti ke kAraNa jainiyoM kI kyA, bhAratIya mUloM ke sabhI dharmo kI dazA acchI nahIM thii| isa kAla meM anekoM hindU zAsakoM ke kRpA pAtra banane ke uddezya se yA to svayaM musalamAna ho gaye yA jabaradastI musalamAna dharma meM dIkSita kara diye gye| zAsakoM dvArA dhArmika svataMtratA kA khulakara hanana kiyA gyaa| isa prakAra rASTrIya saMrakSaNa samApta honA aura dharma pAlana para pratibaMdha hI isake mUla kAraNa rahe / tathApi itane sabake bAbajUda bhI jaina dharmAvalaMbiyoM kI gatividhiyAM pUrNataH samApta na kI jA skiiN| yadA kadA avasara prApta hone para jaina dharmAvalambI apanI dhArmika gatividhiyoM ko saMcAlita karate rahe / daulatagaMja meM banA huA pArzvanAtha mandira lagabhaga isI kAla meM nirmita huA / isake atirikta anya kisI mandira Adi ke nirmANa ke saMbaMdha meM koI vivaraNa prApta nahIM hai / idhara 18vIM zatAbdi ke uttarArddha ke prAraMbha se hI maraThe loga atyAdhika zaktizAlI ho uThe aura dillI taka hamale karane lge| bAjIrAva pezavA ne rANojI sindhiyA ko mAlavA rAjya kI kamAna sauMpa dii| unhoMne uttara bhArata meM rAjya vistAra karane kA abhiyAna prAraMbha kara diyaa| aura gvAliyara ko isakA kendra banAyA / rANojI kI mRtyu ke pazcAt unake putra jayappA aura mAdhojI ne unakA kAryabhAra sNbhaalaa| isI bIca suna 1761 meM pAnIpata meM yuddha vibhISikA prajvalita ho uThI aura bhArata bhara meM vibhinna pakSoM ke vIroM kI talavAreM khiMca gii| mAdhava jI isameM ghAyala ho gye| isa bIca bharatapura ke jAToM ne lokendra siMha ke cAcA ke netRtva meM durga para adhikAra kara liyaa| udhara uttara bhArata kA aura bhI tamAma bhAga marAThoM ke hAtha se nikala cukA thaa| para zIghra hI pAnIpata se lauTakara marAThA vIroM ne mahAdajI ke netRtva meM punaH uttara bhArata meM vijaya abhiyAna prAraMbha kara diyA aura gvAliyara durga ko apane adhikAra meM le liyA / inhoMne ise phaujI kendra ke rUpa meM prayoga karane ke uddezya se gvAliyara durga ke dakSiNa meM 1 lAkha sainikoM kI bar3I phaujI chAvanI kA kaimpa lagAyA aura ise lazkara nAma diyaa| yuddha ke isa vAtAvaraNa ke madhya bhI dharmika gatividhiyAM yadAkadA saMcAlita hotI rhiiN| san 1768 ke lagabhaga seTha mathurAdAsa lakSmIcandra jI agravAla dvArA lazkara kSetra meM atyanta bhavya evaM kalAtmaka zrI digambara jaina bar3A mandira purAnI sahelI kA nirmANa karAyA gyaa| isa kAla meM hI eka anya bhavya evaM kalAtmaka mandira zrI digambara jaina mandira campAbAga kA nirmANa kArya 356

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sampanna haa| ye donoM mandira vartamAna meM gvAliyara meM dUra sthita bAnor3I nAmaka grAma meM inakA dehAnta upalabdha jaina mandiroM meM kalAtmaka dRSTi se advitIya haiN| ho gyaa| ina dinoM gvAliyara meM mahAdajI kA adhikAra thaa| inake koI putra na thA ataH inakI mRtyu ke pazcAt unhoMne ujjaina ko apanI rAjadhAnI ke rUpa meM prayoga tukojIrAva ke 14 varSIya putra AnaMdarAva inake uttraakiyaa| yaha bar3e pratApI zAsaka the / inakA sArA jIvana dhikArI banAye gaye aura unakA nAma daulatarAva rakhA yuddhoM meM bItA / jisameM inhoMne uttara meM eka bar3e bhAga para gyaa| kAryamAra sa~bhAlane ke eka varSa bAda hI inheM adhikAra kara liyA aura yaha kalakatte ke samAna eka nijAma se yuddha karanA par3A jisameM ye vijayI haye aura mahatvapUrNa sthAna bana gayA / dillI ke zAsaka bhI isake inheM karor3oM rupayoM kA lAbha haa| isake bAda ye anya Azraya ko utsuka rahate the| vArena hesTigja isa bar3hatI rAjAoM ke sahayoga se kArya calAte rhe| kinta inhIM zakti ko sahana na kara sakA aura 3 agasta dinoM uttara bhArata meM phira se azAnti phaila gaI / ataH san 1760 ko AdhI rAta ke samaya kile kI pazcimI mahArAjA daulatarAva punA se uttara bhArata kI ora aaye| dIvAra se car3ha-kara usane apanI phaujoM ko durga meM rAste meM inhoMne indaura ke holkara rAjA ko parAsta kara praviSTa karA diyaa| durga kA yaha bhAga abhI bhI phiraMgI unake rAjya ko khUba lUTA / parantu anta meM Apako aMgrejoM pahAr3I ke nAma se prasiddha hai| isa prakAra durga aMgrejoM ke se yuddha karanA pdd'aa| isa lar3AI meM dakSiNa bhArata meM hAtha meM calA gyaa| 13 akTUbara san 1781 ko punaH sthita ahamadanagara, aura azIdagar3ha ke bar3e-bar3e kile inake eka saMdhi meM yaha durga rANA lokendra siMha ko milaa| hAtha se nikala gaye / idhara uttara bhArata meM bhI lArDa leka ne dhAvA bola diyaa| jisameM dillI, alIgar3ha, mathurA lagabhaga isI kAla meM gvAliyara nagara meM "jatI jI aura AgarA ke ilAke inake hAtha se jAte rahe / san ke mandira" ke nAma se jAne vAle mandira kA nirmANa 1802 meM gvAliyara durga bhI inake hAtha se calA gyaa| huaa| isase pratIta hotA hai ki azAnti ke isa vAtA inake adhikAMza sainika yuddha meM kAma A cuke the| aura varaNa meM bhI mandiroM Adi kA nirmANa kArya hotA rahatA koI rAstA na dekhakara inheM san 1805 meM majabUrI meM thA / aMgrejoM se sandhi karanI par3I jisameM inheM gvAliyara aura sana 1783 meM sindhiyA zAsakoM ne aMgrejoM kI AsapAsa kA kSetra vApisa kara diyA gyaa| san 1812 madada prApta kara eka paharedAra kI sahAyatA se isa durga meM meM inhoMne apane pitAjI dvArA sthApita phaujI kaimpavAle punaH praveza kiyaa| rANA ko mAlUma par3ate hI usane maidAna lazkara para punaH chAvanI ddaalii| san 1812 meM gulAmI se bacane ke liye AtmahatyA kara lii| isa bIca yahAM nagara basAkara isI ko gvAliyara rAjya kI mahAdajI ne lazkara nAmaka phaujI chAvanI ke pAsa eka rAjadhAnI banAyA tathA isakA nAma lazkara hI rkhaa| bAr3A kacaharI bhI sthApita kii| jisameM ve yuddhoM se avakAza nikAlakara prazAsana evaM nyAya kA kArya kahA jAtA hai ki isI phaujI chAvanI meM eka jaina ovarasiyara bhI kArya karate the| jaba murAra meM chAvanI dekhate the| sthApita kI gaI to ve vahA~ rahane lage / inakI mAM bar3I ve dakSiNa ke rAjya ko bhI isI rAjya meM milAkara dhArmika pravRtti kI thIM tathA nityaprati darzana karane ke eka bar3A hindU rAjya sthApita karanA cAhate the| isI pazcAt hI anna grahaNa karatI thIM / murAra meM mandira na bIca 12 pharavarI sana 1794 I. ko punA se 2 kosa hone ke kAraNa unheM bar3I parezAnI hotI thI aura darzana 357

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karane ke liye unheM bar3AgAMva jAnA par3atA thA / ataH unhoMne apane putra se muzara meM eka mandira sthApita karane ko khaa| putra ne apanI mA~ kI suvidhA kI dRSTi se murAra meM eka kamare ke andara mUrti pratiSThA karAkara mandira kI sthApanA kii| jo Aja apane bar3e rUpa meM banA huA hai / lazkara meM kaserA olI meM sthita rAjA jI kA caityAlaya bhI isI kAla kA banA huA hai| isa prakAra isa kAla meM mahArAjA daulatarAva aMgrejoM ke sahayoga se rAjya kArya calAte rhe| san 1827 meM inakA svargavAsa ho gayA / inake pazcAta unakI priya patnI ne eka 11 varSIya nAvAliga lar3ake ko goda liyA aura usakA nAma janakojIrAva rkhaa| unake yuvA hone taka mahArAnI ne hI rAjya saMcAlana kA kArya kiyA / yuvA hone para unhoMne svayaM zAsana kA bhAra saMbhAla liyA inake kAla meM koI vizeSa ghaTanA ghaTita nahIM huI / dinAMka 7 pharavarI 1843 I. ko alpAyu meM hI inakA svargavAsa ho gayA / nayA bAjAra lazkara meM sthita digambara jaina mandira aura gvAliyara nagara meM sthita gokulacandra kA mandira inhIM ke kAla meM nirmita huye the| mahArAjA janakojIrAva ke kailAzavAsI hone para mahArAnI tArAbAI ne unakA putra na hone ke kAraNa eka 8 varSIya bAlaka ko goda liyaa| unakA nAma jIvAjIrAva siMthiyA rakhA gyaa| mahArAjA kI nAbAligI meM kauna pravandha kare isa viSaya ko lekara saradAroM meM khUba jhagar3e huye aMgrejoM ne mauke kA phAyadA uThAkara san 1845 meM eka 6 sadasyIya kauMsila Apha rijensI kAyama kara dii| 9 varSa taka rAjya kA sArA prabaMdha isI kausila ne kiyaa| isa kauMsila ke zAsanakAla meM san 1848 meM lazkara meM dAnAolI meM jaisavAla paMcAyata dvArA mandira kA nirmANa kArya sampanna huA 1 san 1854 meM mahArAjA ke bAliga hone para ve svayaM aMgrejoM ke mArgadarzana meM kArya karane lage 3 varSa pazcAt hI san 1857 meM bhArata ke rASTrabhakta vIroM dvArA svatantratA saMgrAma cher3a diyA gyaa| mahArAjA aMgrejoM ke paramabhakta the / ataH isa avasara ko aMgrejoM ko prasanna karane ke liye upayukta samaya mAnakara unhoMne apanI bhakti bhAvanA kA pUrNa paricaya dene kA saMkalpa kiyA / pariNAma yaha huA ki 28 maI ko svatantratA premI sainikoM ne vidroha kara diyaa| udhara mahArAjA a~grejoM kI surakSA kA prabaMdha karane meM jI jAna lagAkara juTa gaye / parantu samUha eka zakti hotI hai| 14 jUna 1857 kI rAtri ko kanTinjenTa phauja ne bhI rASTrapremiyoM ke samarthana meM vidroha kara diyaa| anekoM a~greja aphasara mauta ke ghATa utAra diye gaye / mahArAjA ne apanI bhakti kA paricaya dete huye zeSa sabhI jIvita aMgreja puruSoM ko mahilAoM va baccoM sahita AgarA pahu~cA diyA / dinAMka 28 maI san 1858 I. ko nAnA pezavA, tAtyA Tope aura mahArAnI lakSmIbAI ke netRtva meM svAtaMtrya vIroM kI senA rASTradrohiyoM ko khUdatI huI gvAliyara kI chAtI para car3ha AI aura 1 jUna se bhayaMkara rUpa meM yuddha zurU kara diyA / gvAliyara ke sAre rASTrapremI svAtantra vIroM ne unakA sAtha diyA jisase bhayabhIta hokara jiyAjIrAva yuddha: sthala se bhAga khar3e huye aura aMgrejoM kI zaraNa meM AgarA A pahu~ce / idhara svAtaMtra vIroM ne sabhI zAsakIya kendroM para kabjA kara liyA aura gvAliyara para apane jhaMDe gADa diye / gorakhI meM sthita zAsakIya khajAne ko lUTa liyA gyaa| isa samaya amaracandra vAMThiyA nAmaka eka jaina dharmAvalaMbI mahArAjA ke khajAMcI the| lUTa ke samaya ve vahIM maujUda the / unhoMne svAtaMtrya vIroM kA koI pratikAra nahIM kiyA / unhoMne khulakara lUTa kI aura sArA khajAnA lUTa liyaa| vIra putroM kA saMrakSaNa pA gvAli yara kI bhUmi nihAla ho utthii| parantu dUsarI ora sara hya uu roja ne vIroM se anupAta meM kaI gunI senA lAkara unheM cAroM ora se paira liyaa| 358

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dinAMka 18 jUna ko bhayaMkara yuddha huaa| jisameM anekoM vIroM sahita vIrAMganA lakSmIbAI bhI zahIda huI / avasara pAkara a~greja punaH sattArUr3ha ho gaye / zAnti sthApita hone para mahArAjA jayAjIrAva sindhiyA bhI gvAliyara vApisa lauTa Aye / gvAliyara Ane ke pazcAt unhoMne svAtaMtrya premI nivAsiyoM ko daNDa dene kA abhiyAna cAlU kiyaa| jisakA sarvaprathama zikAra gvAliyara rAjya ke koSAdhyakSa osavAla jainavaMzI zrI amaracandra vAMThiyA banAye gaye aura unheM mahArAnI lakSmIbAI Adi se milakara zAsakIya khajAne kI lUTa karavAne ke Aropa meM mRtyu daNDa dene kA Adeza diyA / bhaviSya meM anya nagaravAsI kabhI isa prakAra kA kRtya na kara sakeM ataH unheM bhayamIta karane ke uddezya se amaracandra vADiyA ko sarAphA bAjAra meM sthita eka vizAla nIma ke vRkSa para laTakAkara phAMsI dI gii| zahIda kA mRta zarIra 3 divasa taka nIma para hI TaMgA rakhA gyaa| jisase anya nagaravAsI bhaviSya meM kabhI isa prakAra kA kArya karane kA sAhasa na kreN| yaha vRkSa abhI bhI khUnI nIma ke nAma se prasiddha hai / 1 bAda meM mahArAjA jayAjIrAva sindhiyA ke ina bhaktipUrNa kRtyoM se prasanna hokara dinAMka 30 navambara ko AgarA meM eka samAroha Ayojita kara gavarnara janarala lArDa kainiMga ne purAne gvAliyara rAjya meM tIna lAkha rupaye kA rAjya aura zAmila kara unheM punaH aupacArika rUpa se rAjyabhAra sauMpate hue a~grejoM kI bhakti ke lie unakI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI aura sAtha hI mahArAjA ke aura bakAyA lAkhoM rupaye kI rakama bhI chor3a dI / unheM anekoM utkRSTa padaviyoM se vibhUSita kara briTiza senA kA AnarerI janarala niyukta kiyaa| parantu durga para abhI bhI aMgejoM kA hI Adhipatya rhaa| mahArAjA dvArA anekoM bAra yAcanA karane para san 1886 meM puna: yaha durgaM sindhiyA rAjavaMza ko pradAna kara diyA gyaa| mahArAjA apane sAre rAjyakAla meM aMgrejoM ko prasanna karane va svAmibhakti kA paricaya dene meM hI lage rahe aura aMgreja yadA-kadA unheM khuza rakhane ke liye sammAnita karate rahe / inake kAla meM azAntipUrNa vAtAvaraNa hote huye bhI huye| san 1864 anekoM mandira Adi ke nirmANa kArya saMpanna ke lagabhaga rAmakuI para nasiyAM jI ke mandira kI sthA panA huii| lagabhaga 1 varSa bAda hI chatrI bAjAra sthita mandira kA nirmANa huaa| gvAliyara meM khaccArAma muhallA meM sthita mandira bhI isI kAla kA banA huA hai / san 1878 meM mAmA ke bAjAra meM bhI eka jaina mandira kA nirmANa kArya saMpanna karAyA gyaa| san 1885 ke lagabhaga mahArAjA ko jalodhara roga ho gayA jisakI pIr3A se parezAna hokara ve dila bahalAne ke uddezya se yAtrA para bhI gaye parantu dinAMka 20 jUna 1886 ke dina bar3e kaSTapUrvaka unakA prANAMta ho gyaa| inakI mRtyu ke samaya inake putra mAdhavarAva kevala dasa varSa ke hI the / parantu paramparA ke anusAra pitA kI mRtyu ke pazcat unakA hI rAjyAbhiSeka kara diyA gayA / avayaskatA ke kAla meM aMgrejoM dvArA niyukta eka kausila dvArA saradAroM aura adhikAriyoM ke sahayoga se rAjya kArya kA saMcAlana kiyA gayA / san 1888 meM mAmA ke bAjAra meM eka digambara tathA san 1893 meM sarAphA bAjAra meM eka zvetAmbara jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa karavAyA gyaa| inameM sarAphA bAjAra zvetAmbara mandira atyanta bhavya evaM kalAtmaka hai / dinAMka 15 disambara 1894 ke dina isa kSetra ke gavarnara janarala ne eka samAroha meM 30 hajAra varga mIla meM phaile 32 lAkha kI AbAdI aura Der3ha karor3a kI AyavAle tatkAlIna gvAliyara ke zAsana kA kAryabhAra mAdhavarAva siMdhiyA ko sauMpa diyaa| a~grejoM kA saMrakSaNa hone ke kAraNa ye sAre zAsanakAla meM yuddha Adi ke bhaya se nizcinta rhe| ataH prajA 356

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ke lAbha ke kAryoM meM apanA kAphI samaya diyaa| inake jelayAtrA bhI kii| 30 apraila 1938 ko vidizA ke kAla meM kSetra ke sarvAMgINa vikAsa kI ora kAphI dhyAna prasiddha abhibhASaka zrI takhtamala jaina ke sadprayatnoM se diyA gyaa| Apane sabhI dharmoM ko pragati kA samucita gvAliyara meM sArvajanika sabhA kI sthApanA huI jo bAda avasara diyaa| ve svayaM sabhI dharmoM ke vizeSa utsavoM meM meM gvAliyara sTeTa kAMgresa meM parivartita ho gii| isI bhAga lete the| krama meM samAjavAdI vicAradhArA ke zrI bhIkamacanda jaina ne bhI rAjanItika eva jana-jAgaraNa AndolanoM meM evaM inake zAsanakAla meM anekoM jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa gatividhiyoM meM sakriya evaM ullekhanIya bhAga liyaa| kArya saMpanna haa| sana 1903 meM mAmA ke bAjAra meM inake atirikta anya kaI jaina dharmAvalaMbiyoM ne bhI jo bhI , eka aura jaina mandira kA nirmANa karAyA gayA, jo bar3A gvAliyara ke rAjanItika evaM sAMskRtika vikAsa meM mandira mAmA ke bAjAra ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai / gatizIla yogadAna diyaa| - mAdhavarAva siMdhiyA ke kAla meM rAjya meM anekoM isa prakAra gvAliyara ke sAMskRtika vikAsa meM jainoM vikAsa kAryakrama saMcAlita hue| isa bIca sampUrNa deza meM ne atyadhika mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA nirvAha kI hai| gvAliyara kAMgresa aura mahAtmA gAMdhI ke netRtva meM svAdhInatA ke itihAsa, sAhitya evaM purAtatva kA eka bar3A bhAga Andolana kI lahara ne dezI rAjyoM meM bhI jana jAgRti ko jainoM se prabhAvita rahA hai / Aja isa sambandha meM jo bhI protsAhita kiyaa| gvAliyara bhI isase achUtA na rhaa| sAhityAdi pramANa upalabdha haiM, unakI rakSA meM bhI jainoM gAMdhIjI ke vicAroM meM ahiMsA kI pradhAnatA ne jainoM ko ne atyAdhika mahatvapUrNa yoga diyA hai, unake isa gaNa ke. sarvAdhika AkiSata kiyaa| gvAliyara meM 1917 I. meM kAraNa surakSita sAdhanoM ne hI Aja gvAliyara ke itizrI zyAmalAla pANDavIya ne gvAliyara rAjya meM "galpa- hAsa ke upalabdha jJAna ko ujAgara kiyA hai, tathApi Aja patrikA" ke nAma se sarvaprathama samAcAra-patra prakAzita bhI isake bahuta se pakSa lupta haiM, jinheM ujAgara karane ko kara patrakAritA ke mAdhyama se rAjanIti meM praveza kiyaa| paryApta zodha kI AvazyakatA hai| apane ugra vicAroM ke kAraNa ve kaI bAra daNDita hae va .