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________________ dravya DaoN. nArAyaNa lAla kachArA 1.1 jaina darzana meM dravya jaina darzana meM sRSTi ke maulika padArthoM ke artha meM 'dravya' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| vaha tatva jo svabhAva kA tyAga kie binA utpAda - vyaya - dhrauvya yukta ho, jaina darzana kA dravya hai| hamAre sAmane jar3a cetana jo kucha hai, vaha saba kucha dravya hai| chaH dravyoM se paripUrNa isa sRSTi ko jaina darzana meM loka kahA jAtA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra sRSTi anAdi anaMta hai, usameM na to nayA utpAda hai aura na prApta sat kA vinAza hai vaha mAtra paryAya parivartana karatA rahatA hai| dArzanika kSetra meM dravya use hI kahate haiM jo bhinna-bhinna avasthAoM meM pratipala pariNamana to kareM, paraMtu apane maulika svabhAva kI apekSA nitya rahe / sat aura dravya eka hI hai, athavA yaha bhI kaha sakate haiM. jo sata hai, vahI dravya hai dravya aura sattA, inameM mAtra zabda bheda haiM, arthabheda nhiiN| na to asat se sat utpanna hote hai aura na sat kA kabhI vinAza hotA hai| utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya isa trayAtmaka sthiti kA nAma sat haiN| jo utpAda vyaya yukta nahIM haiM ve sat nahIM haiN| jaina darzana ke anusAra vastu pariNAmI nitya hai| pratyeka tatva nitya aura anitya ina donoM dharmoM kI svAbhAvika samanviti hai / tatva utpAda, vyaya aura dhauvya ina dharmoM kA samavAya hai / jagata ke samasta padArtha nityAnitya hai| ataH cetana aura jar3a mUrta aura amUrta, sUkSma aura sthUla sabhI utpatti vyaya evaM sthiti rUpa haiN| 1.2 dravya ke lakSaNa jo guNa dravya ke tIna lakSaNa haiN| jo sat lakSaNa vAlA ho, jo utpAda - vyaya - dhrauvya yukta ho evaM paryAyoM kA Azraya ho, vahI dravya hai| guNa aura paryAya ke sAtha sat, jise dravya kahate haiM, kA tanmayatva hai| dravya, guNa aura paryAya ye tInoM eka sAtha pAye jAte haiM, ina tInoM kA sahaastitva hai| tInoM me se eka bhI vibhakta nahIM hotaa| dravya meM bheda karane vAle ko guNa (anvayI) aura dravya ke vikAra ko paryAya kahate haiN| dravya, guNa aura paryAya hI vastu hai dravya ke binA paryAya nahIM ora paryAya ke binA dravya nahIM tathA guNa ke binA dravya nahIM aura dravya ke binA guNa nhiiN| | dravya me guNa sahavartI evaM paryAya kramavartI kahalAte haiM sahabhAvI dharma tatva kI sthiti aura krama bhAvI dharma tatva kI gatizIlatA ke sUcaka hote haiN| paryAya pariNAma pratipala hotA rahatA hai / dravya kI utpAdavyayAtmaka jo paryAyeM hai, ve kramabhAvI haiN| utpAda nAza ke binA nahIM aura nAza utpatti ke binA nahIM hotaa| jaba taka kisI eka paryAya kA nAza nahIM, dUsare paryAya kI utpatti saMbhava nahIM aura jaba taka kisI apara paryAya kI utpatti nahIM, pUrva paryAya kA nAza bhI saMbhava nhiiN| eka samaya meM eka dravya meM aneka utpAda aura vinAza hote haiM / 1.3 Sadravya TI jaina darzana ne dravya chaha mAne haiM-dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, pudagalAstikAya, jIvAstikAya evaM kAla / ye sabhI dravya paraspara mizrita rahakara eka dUsare ko avakAza dete haiM, paraspara mila jAte haiM phira bhI apane svabhAva kA tyAga nahIM karate / astikAya kA siddhAMta jaina darzana kA sarvathA maulika siddhAnta hai| yaha astitva kA vAcaka hai pAMca astikAya nirapekSa astitva haiM jaise pudgala ke paramANu hote haiM, vaise hI cAra astikAya ke bhI paramANu hote haiM unake paramANu pRthaka-pRthaka nahIM hote, ve sadA apRthak rahate haiM, isalie ve pradeza kahalAte haiN| asti zabda ke do artha haiM traikAlika astitva aura pradeza kAya | 1 --
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________________ kA artha hai rAzi /smuuh| dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, pudgalAstikAya aura jIvAstikAya ye pAMca astikAya haiN| astikAya kA artha hai bhuprdeshii| jinake Tukar3e na ho sake aise avibhAgI pradezoM ke samUha ko astikAya kahate haiN| kAla astikAya nahIM hai| loka meM dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya aura AkAzAstikAya eka-eka skaMdha hai, jIva anaMta hai aura pudgala anaMta skaMdha hai| dharma, adharma aura AkAza ke asaMkhya pradeza haiM, eka jIva ke asaMkhya pradeza haiM aura pudgala ke anaMtAnaMta paramANu haiN| inakA vizeSa varNana nIce diyA gayA hai| 1.4 dravya ke guNa guNa ve haiM jo eka mAtra dravya ke Azrita rahate haiN| guNa svayaM nirguNa hai| guNa dravya kA vyavacchedaka dharma hai| vaha anya dravyoM meM pRthaka sattA sthApita karatA hai| pratyeka padArtha meM ananta guNa hote haiN| padArthoM meM ananta guNa (dharma) mAne binA vastu kI siddhI nahIM hotii| guNa do prakAra ke haiN| sAdhAraNa guNa aura vizeSa gunn| sAdhAraNa guNoM se dravya kA astitva evaM vizeSa guNoM se usakA vaiziSTya jJAta hotA hai| dravyoM ke sAmAnya guNa dasa haiM aura vizeSa guNa solaha haiN| jo guNa eka se adhika dravya meM pAye jAte hai ve sAmAnya guNa hai| vizeSa guNa kisI eka dravya meM pAyA jAtA hai| 1.4.1 sAmAnya guNa 1) astitva - jisa guNa ke kAraNa dravya kA kabhI vinAza na ho| 2) vastutva - jisa guNa ke kAraNa dravya koI na koI artha kriyA karatA rhe| 3) dravyatva - jisa guNa ke kAraNa dravya sadA eka sarIkhA na rahakara navIna-navIna paryAyoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai| 4) prameyatva - jisa guNa ke kAraNa dravya jJAna dvArA jAnA jA ske| 5) pradezatva - jisa guNa ke kAraNa dravya kSetratA ko prApta ho arthAt jisa guNa ke kAraNa dravya meM kucha na kucha AkAra ho| 6) agurUlaghutva - jisa guNa ke kAraNa dravya kA koI AkAra banA rahe, dravya ke anaMta guNa bikhara kara alaga na ho jAeM arthAt eka dravya dUsare dravya rUpa nahIM hotA, eka guNa dUsare guNarUpa nahI hotaa| agurulaghutva dravya ke svarUpapratiSThita kA kAraNabhUta svabhAva hai| 7) cetanatva - anubhUti kA nAma cetanA hai| jisa zakti ke nimitta se sva-para kI anubhUti hotI hai vaha cetanA guNa hai| 8) acetanatva - jar3atva ko acetana kahate haiN| cetanA kA abhAva hI acetanA hai| 9) mUrtatva - rUpAdi bhAva ko arthAt sparza, rasa, gaMdha, varNa bhAva mUrttatva bhAva hai| 10) amUrtatva - sparza, rasa, gaMdha, varNa se rahita bhAva amUrtatva bhAva hai| uparokta dasa sAmAnya guNoM meM se pratyeka dravya meM ATha-ATha guNa pAye jAte haiM aura do-do nahIM pAye jaate| jIva meM astitva, vastutva, dravyatva, prameyatva, pradezatva, agurUlaghutva, cetanatva, ora amUrtatva ye ATha guNa hote haiN| pudgala me astitva, vastutva, dravyatva, prameyatva, pradezatva, agurUlaghutva, acetanatva aura mUrtatva ye ATha guNa pAye jAte haiN| dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla dravyoM meM astitva, vastutva, dravyatva, prameyatva, pradezatva, agurUlaghutva, acetanatva, amUrtatva ye ATha guNa hote haiN| 1.4.2 vizeSa guNa 1) jJAna-jisake dvArA jIva trikAla viSayaka samasta guNa aura unakI aneka prakAra kI paryAyoM ko pratyakSa evaM parokSa rUpa se jAnatA hai vaha jJAna guNa hai| yaha guNa AtmA kA hai |
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________________ 2) darzana-sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka bAhya padArthoM ko alaga-alaga bheda rUpa se grahaNa nahIM karake, jo sAmAnya grahaNa rUpa avabhAsanA hotI hai use darzana kahate haiN| yaha guNa AtmA meM pAyA jAtA haiN| AtmA kI vRtti Alokana yA svasaMvedana hai aura vahI darzana hai| 3) sukha-jo svAbhAvika bhAva ke AvaraNa ke vinAza hone se Atmika zAMtarasa athavA jo AnaMda utpanna hotA hai use sukha kahate haiN| sukha AtmA kA guNa hai| 4) vIrya - jIva kI zakti ko vIrya kahate haiN| AtmA meM anaMta vIrya hai| 5) sparza - sparza indriya ke dvArA jo jAnA jAtA hai vaha sparza hai| 6) rasa - jo svAda ko prApta hotA hai vaha rasa hai| 7) gaMdha - jo sUMghA jAtA hai vaha gaMdha hai| 8) varNa - jo dekhA jAtA hai vaha varNa hai| sparza, rasa, gaMdha aura varNa pudgala ke vizeSa guNa haiN| sparzAdi ke jo ATha bheda yahA~ batAe haiM ve mUla bheda haiN| pratyeka, sparzAdi ke saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta aura ananta bheda hote haiN| 9) gati hetutva - jIva aura pudgala ko gamana meM sahakArI honA, gati hetutva hai| yaha dharma ___ dravya kA vizeSa guNa hai| 10) sthiti hetutva - jIva aura pudgala ko Thaharane meM sahakArI honA, sthiti hetutva hai| yaha adharma dravya kA vizeSa guNa hai| ___ 11) avagAhanA hetutva- samasta dravyoM ko avakAza denA, avagAhana hetutva hai| yaha AkAza dravya kA kA vizeSa guNa hai| 12) vartanA hetutva - samasta dravyoM ke vartana (pariNamana) meM sahakArI honA vartanA hetutva hai| yaha kAla dravya kA vizeSa guNa hai| 1.5 paryAya jo dravya aura guNa donoM ke Azrita hai, vaha paryAya hai| pUrva AkAra ko tyAga kara uttara AkAra ko prApta karanA paryAya rUpa hai| paryAya jIva aura ajIva donoM ke hotI hai ataH usake do bheda banate haiM- jIva paryAya aura ajIva pryaay| parivartana sthUla bhI hotA hai aura sUkSma bhI, tadartha paryAya ke bhI do bheda banate haiM - vyaMjana paryAya aura artha pryaay| vyaMjana payArya sthUla aura kAlAMtara sthAyI hai jabaki artha paryAya sUkSma aura vartamAnavartI hai| eka artha paryAya eka samaya taka hI rahatI haiN| paryAya ke ora bhI do bheda haiM - svabhAva paryAya aura vibhAva paryAya / parivartana svabhAva se bhI hotA hai tathA vibhAva se bhii| dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ina cAra dravyoM meM artha paryAya hI hotI hai| jIva aura pudagala meM donoM artha paryAyeM aura vyaMjana paryAyeM hotI haiN| svabhAva paryAya sabhI dravyoM meM hotI hai kintu vibhAva paryAya jIva aura pudagala dravya meM hI hotI hai| pradezatva guNa ke vikAra ko vyaMjana paryAya kahate haiM aura anya zeSa guNoM ke vikAra ko artha paryAya kahate haiN| hama carma cakSuoM se jo dekhate haiM vaha saba vibhAva vyaMjana paryAya hai| nara, nAraka Adi caurAsI lAkha yoniyAM jIva dravya kI vibhAva vyaMjana paryAya haiN| krodha - mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi bhI jIva kI vibhAva vyaMjana paryAya hai| mati Adi jJAna vibhAva guNa vyaMjana paryAya haiN| aMta zarIra se kucha nyUna siddha paryAya svabhAva dravya vyaMjana paryAya haiN| jIva kA ananta catuSTaya svarUpa svabhAva guNa vyaMjana paryAya hai| zabda, baMdha, sUkSmatA, sthUlatA, AkAra, khaMDa, aMdhakAra, chAyA, dhUpa, cAMdanI Adi pudgala dravya kI vibhAva vyaMjana paryAya hai|
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________________ dvayaNuka Adi skaMdha pudgala kI vibhAva dravya vyaMjana paryAya hai| rasa se rasAntara aura gaMdha se gaMdhAntara vibhAva guNa vyaMjana paryAya hai| pudgala kA avibhAgI paramANu svabhAva dravya vyaMjana paryAya hai aura usa paramANu meM jo eka varNa, eka gaMdha, eka rasa aura do sparza guNa rahate haiM, ve pudgala kI svabhAva guNa vyaMjana paryAya haiN| __ agurUlaghu guNa ke vikAra ko svabhAva paryAya kahate haiN| isake bAraha bheda haiM cha: vRddhi rUpa aura cha: hAni rUpa yAni SaDguNa haani-vRddhi| ananta bhAga vRddhi, asaMkhyAta bhAga vRddhi, saMkhyAta bhAga vRddhi, saMkhyAta guNa vRddhi, asaMkhyAta guNa vRddhi, ananta guNa vRddhi| isI prakAra cha: hAni haiN| ___ utpAda, vyaya evaM dhrauvya kI jaina avadhAraNA vijJAna se bhI pramANita hai| prasiddha vaijJAnika alabarTa AinsTIna ne pariNamana ke siddhAnta ko satyApita karate hue kahA ki UrjA dravya meM aura dravya UrjA meM badalI jA sakatI hai| AinsTIna se pUrva vaijJAnika jagata meM yaha mAnA jAtA thA ki dravya ko UrjA meM yA zakti ko dravya meM nahIM badalA jA sktaa| donoM svataMtra hai| nyUTana, geleliyo Adi ne UrjA ko bhArahIna va padArtha se asaMbaddha mAnA thaa| kiMtu AinsTIna ne yaha siddha kara diyA ki padArtha aura UrjA me koI antara nahIM haiN| dravya aura UrjA bhinna nahIM eka hI vastu ke rUpAntaraNa hai| utpAda, vyaya aura dhauvya kA cakra dravya mAtra meM prApta hotA hai| sthiti aura pariNAma eka hI vastu ke do aMza haiN| dravyagata sApekSatA kI sAmaMjasyapUrNa vyAkhyA jaina darzana kI apanI vizeSatA hai| 1.6 dravyoM ke uttaraguNa chaha mUla dravyoM ke uttara guNa nimnalikhita hai| 1) pariNAmI - apariNAmI a) pariNAmI - yaha loka pariNamanazIla svabhAva vAlA haiN| bhinna rUpa dhAraNa karanA arthAt vyaMjana paryAya ko pariNamana kahA gayA hai| jIva aura pudgala pariNAmI haiN| dharmAdika dravya meM jIva pudgala kI taraha azuddha pariNamana nahIM hotA isalie ve apariNAmI hai| artha paryAya kI apekSA sarva jIvAdi dravya vijAtIya pariNamana nahIM karane se apariNAmI haiN| parantu apane sajAtIya pariNamana kI apekSA se sarvadravya pariNAmI haiN| pariNamana svabhAva hone ke kAraNa pratyeka dravya pratyeka samaya meM pariNamana karate rahate haiN| dravyoM kA samUha hI loka haiN| isalie dravyoM ke pariNamana se loka kA pariNamana hotA hai| ba) apariNAmI - jisa prakAra loka eka dRSTi se pariNamanazIla hai, anya eka dRSTi se apariNamanazIla bhI hai| anya dravya rUpa pariNamana nahIM hone ke kAraNa dravya meM rahane vAlA apariNAmI svabhAva hai| 2) jIva- ajIva jIva arthAt AtmA cetana svarUpa hai| cetana jIva ko chor3akara anya dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla aura pudgala me nahIM hai kyoMki ve acetana haiN| 3) mUrta-amUrta pudgala dravya sparza, rasa, gandha, varNa rahane ke kAraNa mUrtika haiN| dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla evaM jIva amUrtika haiN| dravyoM me yaha mUrta ora amUrta kA bheda svabhAva se hI hai, kisI nimitta se kiyA huA nahIM hai| jo indriyoM se jAnA jAya use mUrta kahate haiM aura jo indriyoM ke agocara ho use amUrta kahate haiN| koI eka sUkSma rUpa skaMdha evaM paramANu yadyapi indriyoM ke dvArA grahaNa karane meM nahIM Ate tathApi ina pudgaloM meM aisI zakti hai ki yadi ve kAlAntara meM sthUlatA ko dhAraNa kareM to indriya ke grahaNa karane yogya hote haiN| mana ke
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________________ viSaya mUrtika evaM amUrtika donoM haiN| mati, zrutajJAna kA sAdhana mana hai aura inakA viSaya samasta dravyoM kI kucha paryAya haiN| zuddha pudgala paramANu dravya meM rUpa Adi catuSTaya atIndriya hai| 4) sapradeza - apradeza dharma, adharma, AkAza, jIva aura pudgala bahupradezI haiN| kAlANu aura dravya dRSTi se pudgala paramANu bahu pradezI nahIM haiN| jo kSetra ke parimANa ko batAte haiM, use pradeza kahate haiN| 5) eka rUpa - aneka rUpa dharma, adharma aura AkAza eka rUpa haiM aura inake pradezoM kA kabhI vighaTana nahIM hotA hai|sNsaarii jIva, pudgala evaM kAla aneka rUpa haiN| 6) kSetra akSetra AkAza kI apekSA loka kSetra svarUpa hai| jIva, pudgala, dharma, aura adharma akSetra haiN| 7) kriyA-akriyA jIva aura pudgala kriyAvAna hai, kyoMki unameM gati pAyI jAtI haiN| dharma, adharma, Akaza eMva kAla akriyA arthAt kriyA rahita haiN| inakI apekSA loka bhI kriyA rahita hai| 8) nitya-anitya dharma, adharma, AkAza aura nizcaya kAla nitya hai| inakI apekSA loka bhI nitya hai| jIva aura pudgala anitya hai| vyaMjana paryAya kI apekSA jIva pudgala anitya hone para bhI dravya kI apekSA nitya hai, isalie vizva nityAnityAtmaka hai| 9) kAraNa-akAraNa pudgala, dharma, adharma evaM kAla ye dravya kAraNa haiM, kyoMki jIvoM ke upakAraka haiN| inakI apekSA loka bhI kAraNa svarUpa hai| jIva akAraNa hai kyoki vaha svataMtra hai| jIva cetana svarUpa, akhaNDa, svarUpa, amUrtika hone ke kAraNa saMsAra kA kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA hai| 10) kartA-akartA jIvakartA hai| jo kartA hotA haiM, vahI bhoktA hotA hai| jIva svayaM apane saMsAra kA kartA hone para bhI samasta jIvoM kA evaM samasta ajIvoM kA kartA nahIM haiN| dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla evaM pudgala akartA haiN| 11) sarvagata - asarvagata AkAza sarvagata haiM kyoMki vaha sarvatra haiN| dharma, adharma, kAla, jIva, pudgala sarvagata nahIM hai kyoMki ve sarvatra nahIM pAye jAte haiN| isakI apekSA loka asarvagata hai| kevala jJAna kI apekSA kevalI bhagavAn sarvagata hone para bhI dravya kI apekSA sarvagata nahIM haiN| svAtmA meM sthita hone para bhI kevalajJAna ke mAdhyama se loka aloka ko jAnate haiM isalie sarvagata haiN| 12) praveza-apraveza jIva, pudegala, dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla apane dravya svabhAva chor3akara anya ke dharma meM praveza nahIM karate haiN| eka ke AkAza pradeza meM chahoM dravya paraspara avagAhita hokara rahate haiM isalie loka isakI apekSA praveza yukta hai| eka dUsare ko avagAhana dekara paraspara praveza hokara ke athavA milakara rahane para bhI apane-apane svabhAva kA tyAga nahIM karate haiN| 2.1 dharmAstikAya pAMca astikAya meM prathama dharmAstikAya dravya hai| yaha gatisahAyaka dravya hai| dharmAstikAya dravya kI apekSA eka dravya hai, kSetra kI apekSA loka pramANa hai, kAla kI apekSA vaha atIta meM thA, vartamAna meM hai aura
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________________ bhaviSya meM rahegA, ataH vaha dhruva nizcita, zAzvata, akSaya, avasthita aura nitya hai| guNa kI apekSA gamana guNa hai, gati meM udAsIna sahAyaka hai| yaha svayaM gamana karane vAle jIva aura pudgala kI gati meM apekSA kAraNa hai, preraNA karake inako calAtA nahIM hai| agara calate haiM to calane meM sahakArI kAraNa banatA haiN| jaise machaliyoM ko pAnI calane meM sahayoga detA hai yA rela ko calane meM paTarI sahayoga detI hai vaise hI dharmAstikAya bhI jIva aura pudgala ko udAsIna sahayoga karatA hai| dharmAstikAya asparza, arasa, agaMdha, avarNa, azabda, agurulaghu, loka vyApaka, akhaNDa, vizAla aura asaMkhyAta pradezI hai| yaha akhaMDa skaMdha rUpa hai| isake asaMkhyAta avibhAjya sUkSma aMza sirpha buddhi se kalpita kie jA sakate haiN| vastubhUta skaMdha se alaga nahIM kie jA skte| gati zabda kriyA mAtra kA dyotaka hai| nAr3I kA calanA, hRdaya kA dhar3akanA, palaka kA jhapakanA, prakAza kI gati, mana kI gati, taraMgoM ke kampanna, sUkSmAti-sUkSma spaMdana Adi sabhI gati kI paridhi meM Ate haiN| dharmAstikAya ina sabhI meM upakAraka hai| yaha gati upagrAhaka hote hue bhI svayaM niSkriya hai, gati kriyA zUnya hai| dharma dravya gati kA nimitta nahIM, sahakArI kAraNa hai| yahA~ prazna hotA hai, jaba dharmAstikAya niSkriya hai to isameM utpAda Adi kaise hotA hai? isa saMbaMdha meM kahA gayA hai ki isameM kriyAnimittaka utpAda nahIM hai tathApi anya prakAra se utpAda hai| utpAda do prakAra kA hai - svanimittaka utpAda aura para pratyaya utpaad| pratyeka dravya meM Agama ke anusAra anaMta agurUlaghuguNa svIkAra kie haiM jinakA SaTsthAnapati hAni aura vRddhi ke dvArA vartana hotA rahatA hai, ataH inakA utpAda aura vyaya svabhAva se hotA hai| isI prakAra para pratyaya kA bhI utpAda Adi hotA rahatA hai| dharma dravya gati Adi kA kAraNa hai, isakI gati sthiti Adi meM kSaNa-kSaNa meM parivartana hotA rahatA hai| isa prakAra dharma dravya meM para pratyaya kI apekSA utpAda vyaya hai| 2.2 adharmAstikAya loka vyavasthA ke AdhArabhUta dravyoM meM dUsarA dravya hai - adhrmaastikaay| adharmAstikAya varNa, gaMdha, rasa aura sparza rahita hai arthAt arUpI, ajIva, zAzvata, loka pramANa hai evaM jIva aura pudgala kI sthiti meM sahAyaka tatva hai| jaise chAyA yAtriyoM ko sthira hone meM sahakArI hai parantu vaha gamana karate jIva aura pudgala ko sthira nahIM karatI vaise hI adharmAstikAya gamana karate jIva aura pudgala ko sthira nahIM karatA parantu unake sthira hone meM udAsIna sahakArI kAraNa hai| adharmAstikAya kA apanA koI svataMtra kArya nahIM hai| sthUla rUkanA to spaSTa dRSTigata hotA hai, paranta sUkSma sthiti to dRSTigata nahIM hotI hai| sUkSma ThaharanA padArtha ke pIche mur3ane ke samaya hotA hai calatA-calatA padArtha yadi pIche mur3anA cAhe to use mor3a para jAkara kSaNabhara ThaharanA pdd'egaa| yadyapi rUkanA dRSTigata nahIM huA para hotA avazya hai| isa sUkSma aura sthUla rUkane meM jo sahAyaka tatva hai, use adharmAstikAya kahate haiN| na dharmAstikAya gamana karAtA hai aura na adharmAstikAya sthira karatA hai, jIva aura pudgala svayaM apane pariNAmoM se gati aura sthiti karate haiN| jIva kA khar3A honA, baiThanA, mana ko ekAgra karanA, mauna karanA, nispaMda honA, Adi jitane bhI sthira bhAva hai, ve adharmAstikAya ke kAraNa haiN| jo sthira haiM una sabakA AlaMbana sthiti sahAyaka tatva adharmAstikAya hI hai| adharmAstikAya bhI niSkriya dravya hai| yaha asaMkhyAta pradezI hai para usake pradeza dravya se vilaga na hokara eka skaMdha rUpa akhaMDa dravya hai| adharmAstikAya va dharmAstikAya donoM lokAkAza ke eka-eka pradeza para avasthita hai, vyApta haiN| samAna parimANa yukta hote hue bhI pRthak astitva vAle haiN| eka kSetrAvasthiti hone para bhI avagAhana zakti ke yoga se usake pradeza paraspara praviSTa ho vyAghAta ko prApta nahIM hote haiN|
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________________ dharma aura adharma kI yauktika apekSA dharma aura adharma ko mAnane ke do mukhya yauktika AdhAra hai: 1. gati - sthiti nimittaka dravya 2. loka - aloka kI vibhAjaka zakti yaha jJAta hai ki pratyeka kArya kI niSpati meM kAraNoM kI apekSA rahatI hai| gati- sthiti meM upAdAna kAraNa jIva aura pudgala svayaM hai| jIva aura pudgala pUre loka meM haiM aura ve gati karate haiN| gati meM nimitta eka aise kAraNa kI apekSA hai jo gati sthiti meM sahAyaka bana sake tathA saMpUrNa loka meM vyApta ho, svayaM gatizUnya ho| dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya aise dravya haiM jo samasta loka meM vyApta hai aura jinakI gatikriyA zUnya hai| jisameM jIva Adi SaTdravya haiM vaha loka hai, jahA~ kevala AkAza hai vaha aloka hai / aloka meM jIva aura pudgala nahIM jA sakate kyoMki vahA~ dharma aura adharma dravya kA abhAva hai ataH dharma aura adharma dravya loka - aloka ke vibhAjaka banate haiN| dharma ora adharma ke astitva ke kAraNa muktAtmA loka ke agrabhAga para jAkara sthira ho jAtI hai kyoMki gatisahAyaka kI aloka meM anupasthiti hai| 2.3 AkAzAstikAya astikAya meM tIsarA astikAya dravya AkAzAstikAya hai / AkAzAstikAya avarNa, agaMdha, arasa, asparza, arUpa, ajIva, zAzvata, avasthita tathA akhaNDa dravya hai / dravya kI apekSA eka dravya hai, kSetra kI apekSA loka tathA aloka pramANa hai kAla kI apekSA atIta anAgata aura vartamAna tInoM meM zAzvata hai| guNa kI apekSA avagAhana guNa vAlA hai| hamAre cAroM ora jo bhI khAlI jagaha dikhAI detI hai, vahI AkAza (Space) hai| AkAza kA upakAra hai - dharma, adharma, jIva aura pudgala ko avagAha denA / dharmAstikAya Adi ko avagAhana dene vAlA lokAkAza hai, paraMtu AkAza kA apanA koI AdhAra nahIM hai / yaha anaMta AkAza svapratiSTha hai| dharma aura adharma tiloM meM taila kI taraha sampUrNa lokAkAza ko vyApta karake rahate hai / anya dravya asaMkhyAta pradezI hai, paraMtu AkAza anaMtapradezI hai| eka AkAza pradeza meM itanI avagAhana zakti hai ki vaha AkAza pradeza eka dharma dravya kA pradeza, eka adharma dravya kA pradeza, eka kAla dravya, saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta evaM anaMta paramANu ko bhI avakAza de sakatA hai| I AkAza do prakAra kA hai lokAkAza aura alokaakaash| lokAkAza meM jIva, jIva ke deza aura jIva ke pradeza hai ajIva bhI hai ajIva ke deza aura ajIva ke pradeza bhI hai| ajIva bhI rUpI aura arUpI donoM hai| rUpI ke skaMdha, skaMdha deza, skaMdha pradeza aura paramANu pudgala isa prakAra cAra bheda hai| alokAkAza meM na jIva hai na ajIba haiM vaha eka ajIva dravya deza hai, agurulaghu hai tathA anaMta agurulaghu guNoM meM saMyukta hai anaMta bhAga kama sarvAkAzarUpa hai| I 2.4 kAla dravya kAla cauthA ajIva dravya hai| pratyeka vastu kA varNana jaise dravya, kSetra, bhAva kI apekSA kiyA jA sakatA hai isI prakAra kAla kI apekSA bhI kiyA jAtA hai kAla meM acetanatva, amUrtatva, sUkSmatva, agurulaghutva Adi sAdhAraNa guNa aura vartanA hetutva asAdhAraNa guNa pAe jAte haiN| vyaya aura utpAda rUpa paryAyeM bhI kAla meM barAbara hotI rahatI haiN| -- 'kAla' astikAya nahIM hai| kAla kA kevala vartamAna samaya hI astitva meM hotA hai bhUta samaya to vyatIta ho cukA hai- naSTa ho cukA hai aura anAgata (bhaviSya) anutpanna hai| vartamAna samaya 'eka' hotA hai, isalie isakA tirthaka pracaya nahIM hotA, arthAta kAla 'astikAya nahIM hai| kAla kI vAstavikatA ke viSaya meM jainAcAryoM meM paraspara matabheda rahA hai| zvetAmbara - paramparA meM AcAryoM ne kAla ke do bheda kiye haiM: vyavahArika kAla aura naizcayika kAla / naizcayika kAla anya dravyoM ke 7
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________________ . parivartana kA hetu hai| jIva pudgala Adi dravyoM meM pratyeka samaya meM jo pariNAmana hotA rahatA hai- paryAya badalatI rahatI hai, vaha naizcayika kAla ke nimita se hai| dUsare zabdoM me naizcayika kAla ko jIva va ajIva kI paryAya kahA gayA hai| jo jisa dravya kI paryAya hai, vaha usa dravya ke arntagata hI hai; ataH jIva kI paryAya jIva hai aura a jIva kI paryAya ajIva / isa prakAra naizcayika kAla jIva bhI hai aura ajIva bhiihai| kAla kA nirUpaNa jaba nizcaya naya kI dRSTi se hotA hai, taba vaha 'naizcayika kAla' kahalAtA hai; ataH vAstavika kAla 'naizcayika kAla' hI mAnA gayA hai| dUsarI aura kAla kA jaba vyavahAra naye kI dRSTi se nirUpaNa hotA hai, taba vaha 'vyavahArika kAla kahalAtA hai| kucha AcAryoM dvArA vyavahArika kAla ko dravya' kahA gayA hai| kAla ko vyavahArika - dRSTi se 'dravya mAnane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki kAla ke kucha eka upakAra athavA lakSaNa vyavahAra meM atyanta upayogI haiM aura jo 'upakAraka hotA hai dravya kahA jA sakatA hai| jina upakAroM ke kAraNa kAla 'dravya' kI koTi meM ginA jAtA hai, ve mukhyatayA pA~ca haiM: vartanA, pariNAma, kriyA, paratva aura aparatva / 'vartanA kA artha hai - vartamAna rahanA- kisI bhI padArtha ke vartamAna rahane kA artha yahI hai ki usakA astitva kucha 'avadhi taka hotA hai| yaha 'avadhi' zabda kA hI sUcaka hai| yadyapi 'kAla' kisI bhI dravya ko astitva kI avasthiti pradAna nahI karatA phira bhI jisa avadhi taka padArtha rahatA hai, vaha kAla ke una saba kSaNoM kI sUcaka haiM jisameM padArtha kA astitva banA rahatA hai| 'vartanA' kI taraha 'pariNamana' ko bhI 'kAla' ke binA nahI samajhAyA jA sakatA / jaba kisI padArtha meM pariNamana hotA hai, taba svabhAvika rUpa ke parivartana kI kAlAvadhi kA sUcana hameM hotA hai| 'kriyA' meM gati AdI kA samAveza hotA hai / 'gati' kA artha hai AkAza pradezoM meM kramazaH sthAna - parivartana karanA / ataH kisI bhI padArtha kI gati meM sthAna parivartana kA vicAra usameM lagane vAle kAla ke sAtha kiyA jAtA hai| isI prakAra anya kriyAo meM bhI samaya kA vyaya hotA hai / paratva aura aparatva arthAta pahale 'AnA' aura 'bAda meM honA' athavA 'purAnA' aura 'nayA' ; ye vicAra bhI kAla ke binA nahIM samajhAye jA sakate / isa prakAra vyavahAra meM vartanA Adi ko samajhane ke lie 'kAla' ko dravya mAnA gayA hai| -- * vyavahArika kAla 'gaNanAtmaka' hai| kAla ke sUkSmatama aMza 'samaya' me lekara pudgala - parivartana taka ke aneka mAna vyahArika kAla ke hI bheda haiN| sUrya candra kI gati ke AdhAra se inakA mApa kiyA jA sakatA hai kintu jaina darzana ke anusAra vizva ke saba sthAnoM meM sUrya candra kI gati nahIM hotI hai| eka maryAdita kSetra jahA~ ye pudgala piNDa avasthita hai ko choDakara zeSa sthAnoM meM dina rAtri Adi kAla mAna nahIM hote / isalie yaha mAnA gayA hai ki vyavahArika kAla kevala samaya kSetra taka sImita hai| kucha anya AcAryoM kI mAnyatA ke anusAra naizcayika kAla vAstavika dravya hai, jabaki vyavahArika kAla naizcayika kAla kI praryAya rUpa hai| naizcayika kAla ko dravya mAnane kI avadhAraNA sahI pratIta hotI hai kyoMki jIva aura ajIva sarva loka meM vyApta haiM aura isa prakAra inakI paryAya naizcayika kAla kI avasthiti sarvaloka se siddha hotI hai / vyavahArika kAla kevala 'samaya kSetra' taka sImita hone se vyavahArika kAla ko dravya mAnane para kAla dravya kI avasthiti sarva loka meM siddha nahIM hotI / digambara paramparA meM kAla ke viSaya meM jo pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai vaha ukta mantavya se sarvathA bhinna prakAra kA hai| digambara AcAryoM ne yadvapi kAla ke do bheda - naizcayika aura vyavahArika kAla svIkAra kie haiM, phira bhI inakI paribhASAeM bhinna prakAra se kI haiM / suprasiddha digambara AcArya zrI nemicandra siddhAnta cakravatI ( I 10vIM zatAbdI ) kAla ke viSaya meM likhate haiM: jo dravyoM ke parivartana rUpa pariNAma-rUpa dekhA jAtA hai, vaha to vyavahArika kAla haiM aura vartanA lakSaNa kA dhAraka jo kAla hai vaha naizcayika kAla hai / jo lokAkAza ke eka-eka pradeza meM ratnoM kI rAzi ke samAna paraspara bhinna hokara eka 8 " "
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________________ -eka sthita haiM, ve kAlANu haiM aura asaMkhyAta dravya haiN| naizcayika kAla, jo ki kAlANuoM ke rUpa meM hai, vAstivika davya hai aura saMkhyA kI apekSA se asaMkhyAta haiM, kyoki lokAkAza ke asaMkhAta pradeza haiM aura pratyeka pradeza para eka -eka kAlANu sthita hai| ye kAlANu eka -dUsare se svataMtra haiM, isalie kAla dravya astikAya nahIM bntaa| kAlANu- rUpa naizcayika kAla 'vartanA' lakSaNa ke ddhArA jAnA jAtA hai / pratyeka dravya ke samaya -samaya meM hone vAle pariNamanoM meM upAdAna kAraNa to ve svam hI hote hai kintu ina pariNamanoM meM nimita rUpa se sahAyaka kAlANu hote haiM aura unakI isa sahakAritA ko 'vartanA' kahate haiN| kucha AcAryoM ke anusAra dravyoM meM hone vAle paryAya- rUpa parivartanoM meM bhI prati samaya jo dravya ke dhrovya kI anubhUti hotI hai, vaha vartanA hai| isa vartanA lakSaNa kA dhAraka jo kAlANu dravya hai, vaha naizcayika kAla hai| kAlANu svayaM bhI utpati , vinAza aura dhauvya- rUpa tripuTI se yukta mAnA gayA hai| vartamAna 'samaya' kI utpati hotI hai , atIta samaya kA vinAza aura ina donoM ke AdhArabhUta kAlANu dhrava raha jAte hai| isa prakAra jo dravya kI paribhASA hai, vaha kAlANu ke lie lAgU hotI hai aura pariNAmasvarUpa kAlANu vAstavika dravya mAnA gayA hai / dravyoM meM navIna aura prAcIna Adi paryAyoM kA samaya , dhaDI, muhUrta Adi rUpa sthiti ko 'vyavahArika kAla ' kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| yaha vyavahArika kAla pariNAma , kiyA ,paratva , aparatva Adi lakSaNoM se jAnA jAtA hai| vyavahArika kAla Adi aura anta sahita hotA hai , jabaki naizcayika kAla ( kAlANu ) zAzvata hai- Adi -aMta rahita hai| vyavahArArika kAla svayaM dravya nahIM hai| 3.1 pudgalAstikAya isa loka meM do hI mukhya padArtha haiM-jIva aura pudgl| zeSa cAroM dravya dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla sahayoga dene vAle udAsIna dravya haiN| pudgala zabda doM avayavoM vAlA hai -pud+gl| pud kA artha hai milanA, pUrA honA yA judd'naa| gala kA artha hai galanA athavA mittnaa| arthAt jo bheda saMghAta se pUraNa aura galana ko prApta ho ve pudgala haiN| yaha pudgala pA~ca varNa, pA~ca rasa, do gaMdha, ATha sparzI, rUpI, ajIva, zAsvata, avasthita tathA loka kA eka aMzabhUta dravya hai| pudgala ke sUkSma se sUkSma vibhAga paramANu se lekara bar3e se bar3e pRthvI skaMdha taka meM ye guNa varNa, rasa, gaMdha Adi vidyamAna rahate haiN| kisI bhI samaya inameM se eka kA bhI abhAva nahIM rhtaa| inameM mukhya-gauNa kA aMtara ho sakatA hai| pudgaloM kA pradeza samUha athavA pudgala dravyoM kA samUha pudgalAstikAya hai| dravya kI apekSA se pudgalAstikAya anaMta dravya haiN| kSetra kI apekSA vaha loka pramANa hai| kAla kI apekSA se vaha dhruva, niyata, zAzvata va nitya hai| sadA thA, hai ora rhegaa| jisameM sparza-rasa-gaMdha-varNa kI apekSA se tathA skaMdha paryAya kI apekSA se pUraNa aura galana ho vaha pudgala hai| paramANuoM ke vizeSa guNa jo sparza-rasa-gaMdha-varNa haiM unameM hone vAlI SaTsthAnapatita vRddhi vaha pUraNa hai aura SaTsthAnapatita hAni vaha galana hai| paramANuoM meM skaMdharUpa paryAya kA AvirbhAva honA so pUraNa hai aura tirobhAva honA so galana hai| skaMdha aneka paramANumaya eka paryAya hai, isalie vaha paramANuoM se ananya hai, aura paramANu to pudgala hai isalie skaMdha bhI vyavahAra se pudgala hai| pAMcoM indriyoM ke viSayabhUta padArtha, cAhe ve kucha bhI kyoM na hoM, sarva pudgala hI haiN| agara koI bhI vastu eka bhI indriya kA viSaya hotI hai taba yaha jAnanA cAhie ki yaha pudgala hai, kyoMki paudgalika indriyoM ke dvArA pudgala hI jAnA jA sakatA hai, apodgalika nhiiN| varNa ke pAMca, gaMdha ke do, rasa ke pAMca aura sparza ke ATha bheda pAe jAte haiN| varNa ke pAMca prakAra :- kRSNa (Black), nIlA (Blue), lAla(Red), pIta (Yellow), aura zveta (White) gaMdha ke do prakAra - sugaMdha, durgandha
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________________ rasa ke pAMca prakAra - tIkhA (Pungent), kaTu yA kar3avA (Bitter), kasailA (Astringent), khaTTA yA Amla (Sour), mIThA (Sweet) sparza ke ATha prakAra hai, inake cAra varga haiN| zIta(Cold), va uSNa (Hot). snigdha (Positive Charge or Smooth) va rUkSa (Negative Charge or Rough) mRdu (Soft), va kaThora yA karkaza (Hard), bhArI (Heavy), va halkA (Light) bhagavatI sUtra meM ina guNoM kI vidyamAnatA evaM avidyamAnatA ke AdhAra para dravyoM ke cAra bheda batAe gaye haiM: 1. vaha dravya jisameM eka varNa, eka gaMdha, eka rasa aura do sparza hote haiN| 2. vaha dravya jisameM pAMca varNa, do gaMdha, pAMca rasa aura cAra sparza hote haiN| 3. vaha dravya jisameM pAMca varNa, do gaMdha, pAMca rasa aura ATha sparza hote haiN| 4. ve dravya jinameM ye koI bhI nahIM hote - inameM arUpI dravyoM kA samAveza hotA hai| isake AdhAra para pudgala ke tIna vargIkaraNa hote haiN| dvisparzI paramANu catuHsparzIH sUkSma skaMdha aSTasparzI : bAdara skaMdha catuH sparzI skaMdha sUkSma pariNati vAle hote haiN| ve anaMta pradezI hone para bhI iMndriyagrAhya nahIM hote haiN| inameM snigdha, rUkSa, zIta aura uSNa ye cAra sparza pAe jAte haiN| pudgala ke cAra bheda hote haiM arthAt pudgala ke bheda saMghAta kI kriyA cAra prakAra se hotI hai| 1. skaMdha - aneka paramANuoM ke piNDa ko skaMdha kahate haiN| 2. skaMdha deza - skaMdha ke kisI kalpita bhAga ko skaMdha deza kahate haiN| 3. pradeza - skaMdha ke niraMza aMza (avibhAjya aMza) ko pradeza kahate haiN| 4. paramANu - skaMdha se pRthaka hue niraMza bhAga ko paramANu kahate haiN| na cAra bhedoM me mukhya bheda to skaMdha aura paramANu hI hai| ina skaMdha aura paramANu kI utpatti tIna prakAra se hotI hai - bheda se, saMghAta se tathA bheda aura saMghAta donoM se| bheda - aMtaraMga aura bahiraMga ina donoM prakAra ke nimittoM se saMhata skaMdho ke vidAraNa ko bheda kahate haiN| saMghAta :- bhinna-bhinna hue padArthoM ke baMdha hokara eka ho jAne ko saMghAta kahate haiN| bheda-saMghAta-do paramANuoM ke skaMdha se do pradezavAlA skaMdha utpanna hotA hai| do pradeza vAle skaMdha aura paramANu ke saMghAta se yA tIna paramANuoM ke saMghAta se tIna pradezavAlA skaMdha utpanna hotA hai| isa prakAra saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta, anaMtAnaMta paramANuoM ke saMghAta se utane-utane pradezoM vAle skaMdha utpanna hote rahate haiN| inhIM saMkhyAta Adi paramANu vAle skaMdho ke bheda se do pradeza vAle skaMdha taka hote haiN| isa prakAra eka samaya meM hone vAle bheda aura saMghAta ina donoM se do pradeza vAle Adi skaMdha hote rahate haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki jaba anya skaMdha se bheda hotA hai aura anya kA saMghAta taba eka sAtha bheda ora saMghAta ina dono se skaMdha kI utpatti hotI hai| paramANu kI utpatti to bheda se hI hotI hai| bhagavatI sUtra meM dvipradezI Adi skaMdhoM meM pAe jAne vAle varNa Adi bhaMgoM kA vistRta nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| jaise dvipradezI skaMdha-syAt eka varNa, syAta do vrnn| syAt eka gaMdha, syAt do gNdh| syAt eka 10
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________________ rasa, syAt do rs| syAt do sparza, syAt tIna sparza, syAt cAra sparzoM vAlA hotA hai| varNa, gaMdha, rasa aura sparza kI vibhinnatA ke AdhAra para dvipradezI skaMdhoM meM bhI pracura vaividhya rahatA hai| dravya kI apekSA skaMdha sapradezI hote haiN| kSetra kI apekSA skaMdha sapradezI bhI hote haiM aura apradezI bhii| jo eka AkAza pradezAvagAhI hotA hai vaha apradezI aura jo do Adi AkAza pradezAvagAhI hotA hai vaha sapradezI hai| kAla kI apekSA se jo skaMdha eka samaya kI sthiti vAlA hotA hai, vaha apradezI hai jo isase adhika sthitivAlA hotA hai vaha sapradezI hai| bhAva kI apekSA eka guNavAlA skaMdha apradezI aura adhika guNavAlA sapradezI hotA hai| AcArya kuMdakuMda ne pudgala skaMdha ke chaha bheda batAye haiN| 1. atisthUla (bAdara-bAdara)-ve pudgala skaMdha jo dekhe bhI jAte hai, pakar3e bhI jAte haiN| ye Thosa padArtha hai| jo skaMdha TUTa kara punaH jur3a nahI sake ve atisthUla hai jaise parvata, pRthvI, patthara aadi| 2. sthUla (bAdara)-jo skaMdha pRthaka-pRthaka hokara punaH mila sake, ve sthUla kahalAte haiM, jaise ghI, jala, tela, rasa, vAyu aadi| 3. sthUla sUkSma (bAdara sUkSma)-ve skaMdha jo sthUla jJAta hone para bhI bhede nahIM jA sakate yA hAtha Adi se grahaNa nahIM kie jA sakate, sthUla sUkSma hai, jaise prakAza, chAyA, aMdhakAra cAMdanI aadi| 4. sUkSma sthUla (sUkSma bAdara)-jo cAkSUsa nahIM hai, para anya iMdriyoM se grAhya haiN| jaise zabda, rasa, ____ gaMdha, sparza ke pudgl| 5. sUkSma-ve sUkSma pudgala jo indriyagrAhya nahIM hai jaise karmavargaNA aadi|* 6. atisUkSma (sUkSma-sUkSma)-karmavargaNA se bhI nIce ke atisUkSma skaMdha athavA ati sUkSmAtisUkSma skNdh| jaise-dvipradezI Adi skNdh| zIta, uSNa, snigdha aura rUkSa ye cAra sparza maulika haiN| halkA, bhArI, mRdutA aura karkazatA ApekSika haiN| halkA, bhArI Adi ye cAra sparza ananta pradezI skaMdha kI sthUla pariNati ke sAtha utpanna hote haiN| rUkSa sparza kI bahulatA se halkA sparza utpanna hotA hai| snigdha sparza kI bahulatA se bhArI sparza utpanna hotA hai| zIta aura snigdha sparza kI bahulatA se mRdu sparza utpanna hotA hai| uSNa aura rUkSa sparza kI bahulatA se karkaza sparza utpanna hotA hai| ___bhAra kA saMbaMdha bhArI ora halkA sparza se hai jo ki pudgala dravya kA hI guNa hai| zeSa saba dravya bhArahIna hote haiN| kevala halkA yA kevala bhArI koI dravya nahIM hotA hai| catuHsparzI pudgagala skaMdha tathA paramANu agurUlaghu hai aura bhArahIna haiN| pudgala skaMdhoM kA jaba sthUla rUpa meM, pariNamana hotA hai taba unameM bhAra nAma kI avasthA utpanna hotI hai| aSTasparzI pudgala gurUlaghu hote haiM aura bhArayukta hote haiN| pudgala skaMdha aura paramANu pravAha kI apekSA anAdi-anaMta haiN| kintu sthiti kI apekSA sAdi-saparyavasati bhI haiN| paramANu paramANu ke rUpa meM aura skaMdha skaMdha ke rUpa meM rahe to kama se kama eka samaya aura adhika se adhika asaMkhyAta kAla taka raha sakate haiN| usake bAda to unheM badalanA par3atA hai| pudgala kI do prakAra kI pariNatiyA~ hotI haiM-sUkSma pariNati aura sthUla pariNati / sUkSma sadA sUkSma nahIM rahatA, sthUla sadA sthUla nahIM rhtaa| asaMkhyAtakAla ke pazcAt sUkSma sthUla meM aura sthUla sUkSma meM badala jAtA hai| eka gunA (Degree)kAlA pudgala kama se kama eka samaya taka aura adhika se adhika asaMkhyakAla taka raha sakatA hai| usake pazcAt use SaTsthAna patita vRddhi se anaMta gunA kAlA honA hI hai| sabhI varNa, gaMdha, rasa aura sparza ke parivartana kA yaha sArvabhauma niyama hai| svAbhAvika pariNamana pratyeka dravya meM pratikSaNa hotA rahatA hai| vyaMjana paryAya (sthUla paryAya) kA parivartana bhI asaMkhyakAla ke pazcAt nizcita hotA hai| sone ke paramANu asaMkhyakAla ke pazcAt usa rUpa meM nahIM rahate ve dUsare dravya ke prAyogya bana jAte haiN|
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________________ kevala jJAna mUrta-amUrta sabako jAnatA hai ataH kevalI paramANu ko jAnate hai| akevalI meM avadhijJAnI use jAna sakate haiN| zeSa use Agama yA anumAna pramANa se jAnate haiN| koI eka sUkSma pariNamana rUpa skaMdha evaM paramANu yadyapi indriyoM ke dvArA grahaNa karane meM nahIM Ate tathApi ina pudgaloM meM aisI zakti hai ki yadi ve kAlAntara meM sthUlatA ko dhAraNa kareM to indriya ke grahaNa karane yogya hote haiN| isa zakti kI apekSA unako indriyagrAhya hI kahA jAtA hai| mana apane vicAra se mUrtika-amUrtika donoM vastuoM ko jAnatA hai| mana jaba padArtha ko grahaNa karatA hai taba padArtha meM nahIM jAtA kiMtu Apa hI saMkalpa rUpa hokara vastu ko jAnatA hai| matizrutajJAna kAsAdhana mana evaM indriyAM haiN| matizruta jJAna kA viSaya samasta dravyoM kI kucha paryAya haiN| dravya Agama pudgala svarUpa hone para bhI bhAva Agama amUrtika hai| amUrtika bhAva Agama ke dvArA evaM mana apane vicAroM meM mUrta aura amUrta donoM prakAra ke padArthoM ko jAnatA hai| saMdarbha 1 Sadravya kI vaijJAnika mImAMsA, DaoN. nArAyaNa lAla kachArA, 2007 2 brahmaNDIya jaivika, bhautika evaM rasAyana vijJAna, AcArya kanakanaMdI, 2004 3 svataMtratA ke sUtra, AcArya kanakanaMdI, 1992 4 mokSa zAstra (tatvArtha sUtra), paM. pannAlAla jI 'basanta', 1978 5 dravya saMgraha AcArya nemicaMda siddhAnta deva 6 dravya kI avadhAraNA, sAdhvI yogakSemaprabhA, 2005 7 vizva prahelikA, muni mahendrakumAra, 1969 8 paMcAstikAya 9 ananta zakti sampanna paramANu se lekara paramAtmA, AcArya kanakanaMdI, 2004 10 dravya vijJAna, sAdhvI DaoN. vidyuta prabhA, 1994 12