Advanced Prakrit Grammar Part 2

Author(s): Kamalchand Sogani, Shakuntala Jain
Publisher: Apbhramsa Sahitya Academy
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/006534/1

Page #1
Advanced Praksta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) Dr. Kamal Chand Sogani Smt. Shakuntala Jain pANujjIvo jovo jainavidyA saMsthAna zrI mahAvIrajI Apabhraisa Sahitya Academy Jaina Vidya Samsthana Digambara Jaina Atisaya Ksetra Sri Mahaviraji Rajasthan ate Use Only

Page #2
Advanced Praksta-Apabhramsa-Grammar [English Translation of Prauaha Praketa. Apabhramsa Grammar' Part-II ) Dr. Kamal Chand Sogani Director Smt. Shakuntala Jain Assistant Director Apabhraisa Sahitya Academy Jaipur NANujjAbo jIta jainavidyA saMsthAna zrI mahAvIrajI Published by Apabhraisa Sahitya Academy Jaina Vidya Samsthana Digambara Jaina Atisaya Ksetra Sri Mahaviraji Rajasthan For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #3
Publisher: Apabhramsa Sahitya Academy (Jaina Vidya Samsthana) Digambara Jaina Atisaya Ksetra Sri Mahaviraji Sri Mahaviraji - 322 220 (Rajasthan) Copies From : 1. 2. Jaina Vidya Samsthana Sri Mahaviraji - 322 220 (Rajasthan) Telephone: 07469-2224323 Sahitya Vikraya Kendra Digambara Jaina Nasiyam Bhattarakaji Savai Ramasimha Road, Jaipur 302 004 Tel.: 0141-2385247 All rights reserved First Edition : 2010 Price: Rs.500/ Computer Typesetting : Shyam Agarwal A-336, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur 302 017 (Rajasthan) Ph.: 9887223674 Printed at: Jaipur Printers Pvt. Ltd. M.I. Road, Jaipur - 302 001 Telephone: 0141-2373822, 2362468 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #4
Table of Contents Analysis of Sutras Page No. Subject Prelude Dedication Introduction Lesson -1 Verb-Sutras : An Introduction Section - 1 (i) Prakyta : Verbs and Participles 3/139 to 3/182 , 2/146 (ii) Sauraseni Praksta : Verbs and Participles 50 4/268, 4/271, 4/273 to 4/275 (iii) Apabhramsa : Verbs and Participles 56 4/382 to 4/388,4/438 to 4/442 Appendix-1 (i) Conjugation of Verbs in Praksta (ii) Conjugation of Verbs in Apabhraisa 67 82 Appendix-2 88 Rules of Combination utilised in the Sutras Appendix-3 93 Summary of the Grammatical analysis of Sutras Reference Books 116 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #5

Page #6
Diacritical Marks Vowels a A i I u u U u e e ai ai o o au au a Consonants is 5. 5 ni od 5 ao lewy o war is # 3 o o I w (Visarga) . (Anusvara) m . . Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-ID For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #7

Page #8
Prelude We feel great pleasure in placing the book 'Advanced Praksta- Apabhraisa Grammar' Part-II in the hands of the readers. This book is an improved English translation of the first edition of the Hindi work 'Praudha Praksta-ApabhraisaRacana Saurabha' Part-Il published in 2002 by the Apabhraisa Sahitya Academy, Jaipur. It goes without saying that Praksta language is one of the richest Indo-Aryan languages. It is an ancient and sacred language of India. Even the national language Hindi owes its origin to the Praksta and Apabhramsa languages. Most of the literary tendencies in Hindi literature flow from the glorious traditions of Prakrta and Apabhraisa. Thus the relation between Praksta-Apabhraisa and Hindi is very intimate. In consequence, the proper understanding of Prakrta and Apabhraisa language and literature is indispensible for comprehending the development of Indian literature rightly and adequately. It is of capital importance to note that Praksta is the language of the masses. Its vast literature in varied literary forms contributes to the dignity and excellence of the cultural heritage of Indian tradition. Recognising the importance of Praksta and Apabhrassa language in the cultural history of India, the Managing Committee of Digambara Jaina Atisaya Ksetra, Sri Mahaviraji Advanced Prakrta-Apabhraisa-Grammar (Part-II) vii For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #9
established Apabhraisa Sahitya Academy in 1988, which runs correspondence courses for teaching Praksta and Apabhraisa languages. The Academy has published books for the implementation of these courses. Such books as the Apabhramsa Grammar and Composition(2005), Praksta Grammar and Composition(2006), Prakrta Exercise book(2006), Apabhraisa Exercise book (2006), Praksta Prose and Verse Part-1 (2008) and Advanced Praksta Grammar Part-1 (2009) have been published for those desirous of learning Praksta and Apabhraisa language through an English medium. For the purpose of teaching Praksta and Apabhramsa, our new publication, Advanced Praksta-Apabhraisa Grammar Part-II will facilitate the learning of Praksta-Apabhraisa to the students of the English language. We offer our thanks to the learned researchers of the Samsthana (Institute) especially to Smt. Shakuntala Jain, who has assisted us in preparing the translation of this book. We would also like to thank Smt. Lynna Dhanani from the United States for taking the trouble of going through the manuscript and making important suggestions. We also offer our thanks to M/s Jaipur Printers Pvt. Ltd. for organising the publication of this book. Naresh Kumar Sethi Prakash Chand Jain Dr. Kamal Chand Sogani President Secretary Samyojaka Managing Committee Jaina Vidya Samsthana Samiti Digambara Jaina Atisaya Ksetra Jaipur Sri Mahaviraji 28th March 2010 viii Advanced Praksta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #10
Dedicated To Late Smt. Kamla Sogani For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #11

Page #12
Lesson 1 Verb-Sutras: An introduction Analysis of Sutras Introduction It is an acknowledged fact that Acarya Hemacandra wrote the Sabda Anusasana of which one section is devoted to Prakrta and Apabhramsa Grammar. In composing the section on Prakrta and Apabhramsa Grammar, he chose the Samskrta language as the medium of exposition. In order to make intelligible the Prakrta and Apabhramsa Grammar, the established Sutra-style of Samskrta Grammar was adopted. Although the Sutras are expressed in Samskrta language, it should not imply that a special knowledge of Samskrta is required to understand Prakrta and Apabhramsa Grammar. A thoughtful analysis of the Sutras has shown us that a basic knowledge of Samskrta and Hindi or English will suffice to comprehend these Sutras. In Lesson 1, we shall decipher and explain the Sutras concerning the formation of Verbs and Participles used in Prakrta and Apabhramsa Grammar. In order that the Sutras may be properly assimilated, ordinary knowledge of Vowel combination, Consonant combination and Visarga combination is required. Additionally, the knowledge of Suffix-symbols and different Tenses, Persons and Numbers should be understood. In Prakrta, there are only three Persons, First Person, Second Person and Third Person and two Numbers Singular and Plural. We see the use of Present Tense, Past Tense, Future Tense, Imperative and Conditional. In the Sutras five types of Participles are discussed: Absolutive, Infinitive, Present Participle, Past Participle and Obligatory and Potential Participle. Verbs are used in three ways: Active Voice, Passive Voice and Impersonal Form (Causative forms also given). In order to understand the Verb Sutras, the Suffix-symbols employed in the Sutras should be understood. These Suffix symbols are as follows: Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only 1

Page #13
Suffixes of Verbs in Samskrta Present Tense (Ka) Third Person Tah Second Person Thah First Person Ti Anti Tha Mah Vah Present Tense (Kha) Ita (Ate)... Ante (Ate) Ithe (Athe) Dhve I (E) Vahe Mahe Third Person Second Person First Person Te Se Past Tense First Past (Nearest or Immediate) (Ka) Third Person Tam Uh(An): Second Person H First Person Va . Ma Tam Ta Am Past Tense First Past (Nearest or Immediate) (Kha) Third Person Ata Etam Anta Second Person Athah Etham Adhvam First Person Amahi Avahi Second Past (Not Nearest or Not Immediate) (Ka) Third Person t Tam Second Person H Tam First Person Va An Ta Am Ma Advanced Praksta-Apabhraisa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #14
Second Past (Not Nearest or Not Immediate) (Kha) Third Person Second Person First Person Third Person Second Person First Person Third Past (Action in the Past not seen by the senses) (Ka) Third Person Second Person First Person Ta Thah I Third Person Second Person First Person A (I) Tha A Third Person Second Person First Person Third Past (Action in the Past not seen by the senses) (Kha) E (1) Se E Itam (Atama) Itham (Athama) Dhvam Vahi Mahi Syati Syasi Syami Atuh Athuh (I) Va Future Tense First Future (Nearest or Immediate) (Ka) Syate Syase Sye Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) Ate Athe (I) Vahe Anta (Ata) Syatah Syathah Syavah First Future (Nearest or Immediate) (Kha) Uh A (I) Ma Syete Syethe Syavahe For Personal & Private Use Only Ire (I) Dhve (I) Mahe Syanti Syatha Syamah Syante Syadhve Syamahe 3

Page #15
Second Future (Not Nearest or Not Immediate). (Ka) Third Person Ta Tarau Tarah Second Person Tasi Tasthah Tastha First Person Tasmi Tasvah Tasmah Second Future (Not Nearest or Not Immediate) (Kha) Third Person Tarau Tarah Second Person Tasathe . Tadhve First Person Tasvahe Tasmahe Ta Tase Tahe Imperative (Order) (Ka) Tu Third Person Second Person First Person Tam Tam Hi Antu Ta Ama : Ani Ava Third Person Imperative(Order), (Kha) Tam Itam (Atam) Antam (Atam) Itham (Atham) Dhvam Ai Avahai Amahai Sva Second Person First Person Potential (Ka) Iyuh Third Person Second Person First Person Itam Itam Iva ita Ivam Ima Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #16
Or Potential (Ka) Yatam Yatam Yam Yava Third Person Second Person First Person Yuh Yat Yah Yata Yama Third Person Second Person First Person Potential (Kha) It Iyatam Ithah lyatham Iya Ivahi Iran Idhvam Imahi Benedictive (Concerning blessing) (Ka) Third Person Yat Yastam Yasuh Second Person Yah Yastam Yasta First Person Yasam Yasva Yasma , (Kha) Third Person Sistha Siyastam Siran Second Person Sisthah Siyastham Sidhvam First Person Siya Sivahi Simahi Conditional (One action dependent on the other) (Ka) Third Person Syat Syatam Syan Second Person... Syah Syatam Syata First Person Syam Syava Syama Conditional (Kha) Third Person Syata Syetam Syanta Second Person Syathah Syetham Syadhvam First Person Sye Syavahi Syamahi Advanced Prakrta-Apabhrainsa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #17
Suffix of Past Participle Kta (Ta + a) Suffixes of Present Participle 1. Satr (At) 2. Sanac (Ana, Mana) Suffix of Absolutive Ktva (Tva) Suffix of Infinitive Tumun (Tum) Suffix of Obligatory and Potential Participle Tavya, Aniyara (Aniya) Suffix of Active Voice and Passive Voice Kya (Ya) Suffix of Causative Nic (Ay) Advanced Praksta-Apabhraisa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #18
Other notes: The Declension of Consonants is according to 'Bhubhrt', aending words according to 'Rama', i-ending words according to 'Hari', u-ending words according to 'Guru', a-ending words according to 'Gopa' and i-ending words according to 'Stri'. The inflections of the remaining words can be referenced in the declension tables provided or in an elementary Samskrta Grammar book. In order to make clear the meaning, each sutra has been analyzed in the following five steps: Combination (sandhi) 1 2 Inflection (vibhakti) 3 4 A contextual translation 5 Examples and notes The conjugation of the following Verbs occurs in the Sutras: (i) a-ending Verbs - Hasa, etc. (ii) a-ending Verbs - Tha, etc. (iii) o-ending Verbs - Ho, etc. : A literal translation (in italics) Thus all of the a-ending Verbs are conjugated according to 'Hasa', the a-ending words according to 'Tha' and the o-ending words according to 'Ho'. Some mathematical symbols have been used in making clear the Sutras. These symbols have been made clear in the list of abbreviations. As the inflection of Suffix-Symbols and other words in the Sutras follow the declensional forms of Samskrta,the declension tables of some of these Samskrta Nouns have been given in the following pages. Finally, a list of abbreviations used in the Sutras is also provided. Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only 7

Page #19
1. 2. 8 Hari (Name of a deity) Singular Number Nominative Harih Accusative Harim Instrumental Harina Dative Haraye Ablative Hareh Genitive Locative Vocative Bhubhrt (King) Hareh Harau He Hare Dative Ablative Genitive Locative Vocative Singular Number Dual Number Hari Hari Haribhyam Haribhyam Haribhyam Haryoh Haryoh He Hari Nominative Bhubhrt Bhubhrtau Accusative Bhubhrtam Bhubhrtau Dual Number Instrumental Bhubhrta Bhubhrte Bhubhrtah Bhubhrtah Bhubhrti He Bhubhrt He Bhubhrtau Bhubhrtoh Bhubhrtoh Plural Number Harayah Harin For Personal & Private Use Only Haribhih Haribhyah Haribhyah Harinam Harisu He Harayah Plural Number Bhubhrdbhyam Bhubhrdbhih Bhubhrdbhyam Bhubhrdbhyah Bhubhrdbhyam Bhubhrdbhyah Bhubhrtah Bhubhrtah Bhubhrtam Bhubhrtsu He Bhubhrtah Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II)

Page #20
Dual Number Plural Number 3. Gopa (Milkman) Singular Number Nominative Gopah Accusative Gopam Instrumental Gopa Dative Gope Ablative Gopah Genitive Gopah Locative Gopi Vocative He Gopah Gopau Gopau Gopabhyam Gopabhyam Gopabhyam Gopoh Gopoh He Gopau Gopah Gopah Gopabhih Gopabhyah Gopabhyah Gopam Gopasu He Gopah 4. Rama (Rama) Singular Number Dual Number Plural Number Nominative Ramah Ramau Accusative Ramam Ramau Instrumental Ramena Ramabhyam Dative Ramaya Ramabhyam Ablative Ramat Ramabhyam Genitive * Ramasya Ramayoh Locative Rame Ramayoh Vocative He Rama He Ramau Ramah Raman Ramaih Ramebhyah Ramebhyah Ramanam Ramesu He Ramah Advanced Praksta-Apabhraisa-Grammar (Part-ID) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #21
5. Stri (Woman) Singular Number Dual Number Plural Number Nominative Stri Accusative Striyam, Strim Instrumental Striya Dative Striyai Ablative Striyah Genitive Striyah Locative Striyam Vocative He Stri Striyau Striyau Stribhyam Stribhyam Stribhyam Striyoh Striyoh He Striyau Striyah Striyah, Strih Stribhih Stribhyah Stribhyah Strinam . Strisu He Striyah 6. Guru (Guru) Dual Number Plural Number Singular Number Nominative Guruh Accusative Gurum Instrumental Guruna Dative Gurave Ablative Guroh Genitive Guroh Locative Gurau Vocative He Guro Guru Guru Gurubhyam Gurubhyam Gurubhyam Gurvoh Gurvoh He Guru Guravah Gurun Gurubhih Gurubhyah Gurubhyah Gurunam Gurusu He Guravah Advanced Prakrta-Apabhraisa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #22
7. Sarva (All) Singular Number Dual Number Plural Number Nominative Sarvah Sarvau Accusative Sarvam Sarvau Instrumental Sarvena Sarvabhyam Dative Sarvasmai Sarvabhyam Ablative Sarvasmat Sarvabhyam Genitive Sarvasya Sarvayoh Locative Sarvasmin Sarvayoh Sarve Sarvan Sarvaih Sarvebhyah Sarvebhyah Sarvesam Sarvesu Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) 11 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #23
Abbreviations and method of Grammatical analysis A = Indeclinable * ( ) indicates the original word * [0) + ( ) + (.....) indicates the joining together of words * [0 - ( ) - (.....) indicates the compounding of words * Where only Numbers 1/1, 2/1, etc. are written outside brackets, the word inside the bracket indicates the Noun. 1/1 Nominative Case / Singular Number 1/2 Nominative Case / Dual Number 1/3 Nominative Case / Plural Number 2/1 Accusative Case / Singular Number 2/2 Accusative Case / Dual Number 2/3 Accusative Case / Plural Number : 3/1 Instrumental Case / Singular Number 3/2 Instrumental Case / Dual Number 3/3 Instrumental Case / Plural Number 4/1 Dative Case / Singular Number 4/2 Dative Case / Dual Number 473 Dative Case / Plural Number 5/1 Ablative Case / Singular Number 5/2 Ablative Case / Dual Number 5/3 Ablative Case / Plural Number 6/1 Genitive Case / Singular Number 6/2 Genitive Case / Dual Number : 6/3 Genitive Case / Plural Number 7/1 Locative Case / Singular Number 772 Locative Case / Dual Number 7/3 Locative Case / Plural Number 8/1 Vocative Case / Singular Number 8/2 Vocative Case / Dual Number 8/3 Vocative Case / Plural Number Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-11) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #24
Section - 1 (i) Praksta: Verbs and Participles Sutras 37,139 to 3/182,2/146 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #25
Sutras: Verbs and Participles 1. tyAdInAmAdyatrayasyAdyasyececau 14 Tyadinamadyatrayasyadyasyececau tyAdInAmAdyatrayasyAdyasyececau [(ti)+(AdInAm)+(Adyatrayasya)+(Adyasya)+(ic)+(ecau) ] (Ti)+(Adinam)+(Adyatrayasya)+(Adyasya)+(Ic)+(Ecau)] [(ti)- (Adi) 6/3] Adyatrayasya [ (Adya) - (traya) 6/1] Adyasya (Adya) 6/1 [(ic)-(ec) 1/2] [(Ti)-(Adi)6/3] Adyatrayasya [(Adya)-(Traya)6/1] Adyasya (Adya)6/1[(Ic)-(Ec)1/2] Among the Three Persons, there occur ic-i (9 -3) and ec-e (-) in place of the suffixes ti (fa), etc. signifying the suffixes of the Third Person Singular Number. In the Present Tense, among the Three Persons, there occur i(3) and e(T)in place of the suffixes ti(fa),etc. signifying the suffixes of Third Person Singular Number. (1 ) (hasa + ti) = (hasa + i, e) hasai, hasae (vartamAnakAla, prathamapuruSa (anyapuruSa), ekavacana ) (Hasa+ti etc.) = (Hasa+i,e) = Hasai, Hasae (Present Tense, Third Person, Singular Number) 3/139 Tyadinamadyatrayasyadyasyececau (1) (i) (+,T) = By applying Sutra 3/145 for non- a-ending Verbs, when e (T) is negated, and only the verbal suffix i (3) Occurs. (Tha+i,e) = Thai (Thae (3) does not occur, 3/145) Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #26
(ii) (ho + i, e) = hoi (Ho+i,e) Hoi (Hoe () does not occur, 3/145) 2. dvitIyasya si se Dvitiyasya Si Se 3/140 dvitIyasya (dvitIya) 6/1 si (si) 1/1 se (se) 1/1 Dvitiyasya (Dvitiya) 6/1 Si (Si) 1/1 Se (Se) 1/1 There occur si (f) and se() in place of the Second Person. In the Present Tense, among the Three Persons, there occur si (f) and se () in place of the suffixes (si and se) (f and ) signifying the suffixes of Second Person Singular Number. (1 ) (hasa + si, se) = (hasa + si, se) = hasasi, hasase (vartamAnakAla, dvitIyapuruSa (madhyamapuruSa), ekavacana ) (Hasa+si,se) = (Hasa+si,se) = Hasasi, Hasase (Present Tense, Second Person, Singular Number) By applying sutra 3/145 for non- a-ending Verbs, when se is negated, and only the verbal suffix si occurs. (1) (i) (ThA+si, se) = (ThA + si, se) = ThAsi 3. tRtIyasya miH Trtiyasya Mih = (Tha + si, se) =(Tha + si, se) = Thasi (Thase (3) does not occur, 3/145) (ii) (ho+si, se) = ( ho + si, se) = hosi (Ho+si, se) = (Ho + si, se) =Hosi (Hose() does not occur, 3/145) 3/141 Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only 15

Page #27
Qarpe (cci) 6/1 FH: (A) 1/1 Trtiyasya (Trtiya) 6/1 Mih (Mi)1/1 There occurs mi (fa) in place of the First Person suffix. In the Present Tense, among the Three Persons; there occurs mi (FH) in place of the suffixes mi and i(fand 7) signifying the suffixes of First Person Singular. (1) (i) (FH + , 7) = (FA + f) - EHH (adh. 14, garags (3914959), 1997) (Hasa + mi, i) = (Hasa + mi) = Hasami (Present Tense, First Person, Singular Number) (ii) (J + FH, 3) = (a + FA): off (Tha + mi, i) =(Tha + mi) -Thami (Present Tense, First Person, Singular Number) (iii) (ET + F7, 3) = (ET + H) - Ein (Ho + mi, i) = (Ho + mi) = Homi (Present Tense, First Person, Singular Number) According to Hemacandra's Commentary, occasionally the i (3) inherent in mi(fa) disappears and the m (7) is changed into an Anusvara after a- ending Verbs. (1) (i) (54 + 1) = (64 + 7) = (Hasa+mi)= (Hasa+m) = Hasam (Present Tense, First Person, Singular Number) 4. Er fra 3/142 Bahusvadyasya Nti Nte Ire GEOCERA FET 5 [(969)+( 3TERH)] F Bahusvadyasya Nti Nte Ire [(Bahusu) +(Adyasya)] Nti Nte Ire 16 Advanced Praksta-Apabhrarsa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #28
bahuSu (bahu) 7/3 Adyasya (Adya ) 6 / 1 nti (nti) 1/1 nte (nte) 1/1 ire (ire) 1/1 Bahusu (Bahu) 7/3 Adyasya (Adya)6/1Nti (Nti) 1/1 Nte (Nte) 1/1 Ire (Ire) 1/1 There occur nti, nte (fa,) and ire () suffixes for Third Person Plural. In the Present Tense, among the Three Persons, there occur nti, nte (,) and ire (3) in place of the suffixes anti and ante (3 and 3), signifying the suffixes of the Third Person Plural. (1) (i) (hasa+anti, ante) = ( hasa+nti, nte, ire) hasanti, hasante, hasire (vartamAnakAla, prathamapuruSa (anyapuruSa), bahuvacana) (Hasa+anti, ante) = (Hasa + nti, nte, ire) = = Hasanti, Hasante, Hasire (Present Tense, Third Person, Plural Number ) (ii) (ThA + anti, ante) = - (ThA + nti, nte, ire ) = ThAnti - tthri, Thante, ThAIre ThAnte (Tha+anti, ante) = (Tha + nti, nte, ire) = Thanti - Thanti, Thante - Thante, Thaire (On having a conjunct consonant after a long vowel, the long vowel becomes short, Hrsvah Samyoge 1/84). (iii) (ho + anti, ante) = ( ho + nti, nte, ire) = honti, honte, hoi re (Ho+ anti, ante) = (Ho+ nti, nte, ire) Honti, Honte, Hoire According to Hemacandra's Commentary, the Third Person Singular suffix ire (3) is seen occasionally. For example: Susaire Gama-Cikkhallo. (In the village, the mud dries up). Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) = For Personal & Private Use Only 17

Page #29
5. madhyamasyetthA - hacau Madhyamasyettha - Hacau madhyamasyetthA - hacau [ (madhyamasya ) + (itthA ) ] hacau Madhyamasyettha - Hacau 18 Hacau madhyamasya (madhyama) 6/1 [ ( itthA ) - (hac) 1/2] Madhyamasya (Madhyama) 6/1 [(Ittha) -(Hac) 1/2] There occur ittha (itthA) and hacha (hacha) in place of the Second Person Plural suffixes. In the Present Tense, among the Three Persons, there occur ittha() and ha () in place of the suffixes tha and dhve ( and ), signifying the suffixes for the Second Person Plural. (1) (i) (hasa + tha, dhve) = (hasa + itthA, ha) : hasitthA, hasaha (vartamAnakAla, madhyamapuruSa, bahuvacana) (Hasa tha, dhve) = (Hasa + ittha, ha) Hasittha, Hasaha (Present Tense, Second Person, Plural Number) (ii) (ThA + tha, dhve) = (ThA + itthA, ha) = ThAitthA, ThAha 6. tRtIyasya mo - mu-mAH [(Madhyamasya)+(Ittha)] (Tha+ tha, dhve) = (Tha + ittha, ha) = Thaittha, Thaha (iii) (ho + tha, dhve) = ( ho + itthA, ha) : hoitthA, hoha = (Ho+ tha, dhve) (Ho+ ittha, ha) Hoittha, Hoha 3/143 3/144 Trtiyasya Mo-Mu-Mah tRtIyasya (tRtIya) 6/1 [ (mo)- (mu) - (ma) 1/3] Trtiyasya (Trtiya) 6/1 [(Mo) - (Mu) - (Ma) 1/3] There occur mo, mu and ma (,, ) in place of the First Person Plural suffixes. Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #30
In the Present Tense, among the Three Persons, there occur mo, mu and ma (, and ) in place of the suffixes mah and mahe (#: and ), signifying the suffixes of First Person Plural. (1) (i) (7 + :, ) = (F4 + H), 7, 7) = 441, 44, 49 (vartamAnakAla, tRtIyapuruSa (uttamapuruSa) bahuvacana) (Hasa + mah, mahe) = (Hasa + mo, mu, ma) = Hasamo, Hasamu, Hasama (Present Tense, First Person, Plural Number ) (ii) (2T + A:, ) =(22+ HT, 7, 9) = 311, 314, 314 (Tha+ mah, mahe) = (Tha+ mo, mu, ma) = Thamo, Thamu, Thama (iii) (FET + A:, ) = (FET + H, 7, 9) = 141, ETA, A (Ho + mah, mahe) =(Ho + mo, mu, ma) = : Homo, Homu, Homa 3/145 7. 37a yoq A Ata Evaic Se 377 To [( 3ta:) +(Ta) + (59)) Ata Evaic Se ((Atah) + (Eva) + (Ec)] Se 371: (377) 5/1 ta = TE (TE) 1/1 # (#) 1/1 Atah (At) 5/1 Eva = only Ec (Ec)] 1/1 Se (Se)] 1/1 After a-ending Verbs, there occur ec eltq+) and se () only. After a-ending Verbs,only e (T), the suffix for Third Person Singular, and se () the suffix for Second Person Singular, are used. After a-ending and o - ending Verbs, the suffixes e () and se (#) are not used. Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) 19. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #31
(1) (i) (hasa + e) =hasae (vartamAnakAla, prathamapuruSa (anyapuruSa), ekavacana) (Hasa+e) Hasae (Present Tense,Third Person, Singular Number) (ii) (+) (Tha+e) = Thae (3) does not occur, 3/145 (iii)(+) (Ho+e) Hoe() does not occur, 3/145 (2) (i) (hasa + se)=hasase (vartamAnakAla, dvitIyapuruSa (madhyamapuruSa) ekavacana) (Hasa+ se) = Hasase (Present Tense, Second Person, Singular Number) (ii) (+) (Tha + se) =Thase() does not occur, 3/145 (iii) (+) (Ho+se) Hose () does not occur, 3/145 8. fud: fa: Sinasteh Sih sinAste: si: [ (sinA) + (aste :)] si: Sinasteh Sih [(Sina) + (Asteh)] Sih sinA (si) 3 / 1 aste : (asti) 6/1 si: (si) 1/1 Sina (Si) 3/1 Asteh (Asti) 6/1 Sih (Si)] 1/1 There is only si (f) in place of asa (314) alongwith si (si). 20 3/146 In the Present Tense of the Verb asa (34), if there is si (f) (suffix of Second Person, Singular Number) after asa (3), then there is only si (f) in place of asa (asa) alongwith si (si). (asa + si) = si (vartamAnakAla, dvitIyapuruSa (madhyamapuruSa) ekavacana ) (Asa+si) = Si (Present Tense, Second Person, Singular Number) In Prakrta the verbal term for existence is asa. Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #32
. mi-mo-mai-hi-mho-mhA vA 3/147 Mi-Mo-Mai-Rmhi-Mho-Mha Va mi-mo-mai-hi-mho-mhA vA mi-mo-[(mai :) + (mhi)]-mho[(mhAH )+(vA)] Mi-Mo- Mai-Rmhi-Mho-Mha Va Mi-Mo- [(Maih) + (Mhi)]- Mho- [(Mhah) + (Vi)] [(mi)-(mo)-(ma) 3/3] [(mhi)-(mho)-(mha) 1/3] vA [(Mi)-(Mo)-(Ma) 3/3] [(Mhi)-(Mho)-(Mah) 1/3] Va - Alternatively Alternatively, if there is asa (asa) alongwith mi (mi), mo and ma (1 and ), then there occur mih, mho and mha (mhi, mho and mha) respectively. Alternatively, in the Present Tense if there is asa (asa) alongwith the mi (mi) (suffix of First Person Singular), mo and ma (mo, ma) (suffix of First Person Plural), then there occur mih, mho and mha (mhi, mho and mha) respectively. (1) (i) (as + mi) = mhi (vartamAnakAla, tRtIyapuruSa uttamapuruSa) ekavacana) (As+mi) = Mhi (Present Tense, First Person,Singular Number ) (ii) (as + mo) = mho (vartamAnakAla, tRtIyapuruSa (uttamapuruSa) bahuvacana) (As+mo) = Mho (Present Tense, First Person, Plural Number) (iii) (as + ma) = mha (vartamAnakAla, tRtIyapuruSa (uttamapuruSa) bahuvacana) (As+ma) = Mha (Present Tense, First Person, Plural Number) Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) 21 . For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #33
10. 31fetrufcal 3/148 Atthistyadina Bifertilfar [(34fet:)+(ft)+( HIFCET)] Atthistyadina ((Atthih) + (Ti) + (Adina)) . 3tfel: (3754)1/1 ((fa)-(31) 3/1] Atthih (Atthi) 1/1 [(Ti) - (Adi) 3/1] In the First, Second and Third Person, Singular and Plural Number, asa ( 37 ) alongwith ti(fa), etc. becomes atthi ( 34fer). In the Present Tense of Verb asa (374) in the First; Second and Third Person Singular and Plural Number, asa (377) alongwith ti (fa),etc. becomes atthi (34fer). ( 374 + fa) - 3179 (Asa+ti etc.) = Atthi (Present Tense, Three Persons, Singular and Plural Number) , Asa (Present Tense) Singular Plural Third Person Atthi Atthi Second Person Atthi Atthi First Person Atthi Atthi 11. URGGIGIO 3/149 Nerdedavave ut agad [(o:)+(376)+(CD)+(372)+(37)] Nerdedavave [(Neh) + (At) + (Et) + (Ava) + (Ave)] ot: (ful) 6/1 [(376)-(591)-(3779)-(37) 1/1] Neh (Ni) 6/1 ((At) - (Et) -(Ava) - (Ave) 1/1) There occur at + a (37 +37), et +e (TIT), ava (3417) (and) ave (310) in place of ni(fa). 22 Advanced Prakrta-Apabhraisa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #34
In order to change any Verb into Causative form, a, e, ava and ave (a, e, Ava and Ave) suffixes are added. (hasa + Ni) : (hasa + a, e, Ava and Ave) = hAsa, hAse, hasAva, hasAve (Hasa+ni) = (Hasa+a, e, ava, ave) = Hasa, Hase, Hasiva, Hasave - - - - - - - - - - - - By applying Sutra 3/153, a becomes a. (Hasa- Hasa, Hase- Hase) 12. gurvAderavirvA 3/150 Gurvaderavirva gurvAde virvA [(guru) + (AdeH)+(aviH)+(vA)] Gurvaderavirva [(Guru) + (Adeh) + (Avih) + (Va)] [(guru) + (Adi) 5/1] aviH (avi) 1/1 vA = vikalpa [(Guru) + (Adi) 5/1] Avih (Avi) 1/1 Va = Alternatively Alternatively, after a long vowel in the beginning, there occurs avi (avi). Alternatively, after a long vowel in the beginning, avi (avi) occurs in place of the Causative suffix ni (Ni) (rUsa + Ni) = (rUsa + avi) =rUsavi (Rusa+ni) = (Rusa+avi) = Rusavi ----------------------------- By Applying Sutra 3/149, there also occur: Rusa, Ruse, Rusava, Rusave. 13. bhrame rADo vA 3/151 Bhrame Rado Va bhrame rADo vA [(bhrameH)+(ADa:) +(vA)] Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-IID 23 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #35
Bhrame Rado Vu [(Bhrameh) + Adah) + (Va)] YA: (411) 5/1 3115: (345) 1/1 an Bhrameh (Bhrami) 5/1 Adah (Ada)171. Va = Alternatively Alternatively, after bhama( 44), there occurs ala (3775). Alternatively, after bhrami + bhrama + bhama (47) there occurs ala (3715) in place of the Causative suffix ni (fu). (44+ ful) = (444+3715) = 4H15 (Bhama + ni) = (Bhama + ada) - Bhamada 14. gillat-01-919-os ha 3/152 Lugavi - Kta - Bhava - Karmasu g'lla-07-9419-aota [(cak)+(31141)]-71-979- Lugavi - Kta - Bhava - Karmasu [(Luk) + (Avi)] - Kta - Bhava - Karmasu [(006)-(371fa)1/2] [(071-979-077) 7/3] [(Luk) - (Avi) 1/2] [(Kta) - (Bhava) - (Karma) 7/3] In making the kta (Past Participle), the bhava (Impersonal Form) and the karma (Passive Voice) there occur lopa (zero suffix) (O'Yp12) and avi (341fa) (in place of ni) (fa). There occur lopa (zero suffix) ("O' ) and avi ( 311fa) in place of ni (for) Causative suffix for making the kta +ta+a (37) Past Participle, (ijja and ia) (SoC and $37) Impersonal Form and Passive Voice. Past Participle (/ sobretot 56671) (1) (i) (54 +fu ) = (5 + 0) = (E14 + 37) - E1434 24 Advanced Prakrta-Apabhraisa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #36
(Hasa+ni) = (Hasa + 0) =(Hasa + a) = Hasia ( By Applying Sutra 3/153, a becomes a) (ii) (hasa + Ni ) = (hasa + Avi) = (hasAvi + a) = hasAvia (Hasa+ni) = (Hasa + avi ) = (Hasavi + a) = Hasavia Passive Voice (karmavAcya) (3/160) (2) (i) (kara+ Ni) = (kara+ 0) = (kAra+ ijja, Ia) = kArijja, kArIa (Kara +ni) =(Kara +0) = (Kara + ijja, ia) = Karijja, Karia __ (By Applying Sutra 3/15 3, a becomes a) (ii) (kara+ Ni) = (kara+ Avi) = (karavi + ijja, Ia) = karavijja, karAvI (Kara +ni) = (Kara + avi) = (Karavi + ijja, ia) = Karavijja, Karavia Impersonal Form (bhAvavAcya) (3/160) (3) (i) (hasa +Ni) =(hasa + 0) = (hAsa + ijja, Ia) = hAsijja, hAsIa (Hasa+ni) = (Hasa + 0) = (Hasa + ijja, ia) = Hasijja, Hasia (By Applying Sutra 3/153, a becomes a) (ii) (hasa +Ni) = (hasa+ Avi) = (hasAvi + ijja, Ia) = hasAvijja, hasAvI (Hasa+ni) = (Hasa + avi) =(Hsavi + ijja, ia) = Hasavijja, Hasavia 15. adellukyAderata AH 3/153 Adellukyaderata Ah adellukyAderata A: [(at)+(et) + (luki) +(AdeH)+(ataH)+(A:)] Adellukyaderata Ah [(At) + (Et) + (Luki) + (Adeh) + (Atah) + (Ah)] [(at)-(et)-(luk) 7/1] AdeH (Adi) 6/1 ataH (at) 6/1 AH (A) 1/1] ivanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) 25 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #37
[(At)-(Et)-(Luk) 7/1] Adeh (Adi) 6/1 Atah (At) 6/1 Ah (A) 1/1] On having at -a (37), et - e(t), lopa (0) (0!71) Causative suffixes after a Verb, the beginning vowel at *a ( 37) becomes a ( 37). On having Causative suffixes a,e, and 0 after a Verb, the beginning vowel at -a (37) becomes a (371). (54 + 37) = 54 - Era (Hasa + a) = Hasa - Hasa (FA + C) = - E (Hasa + e). = Hase - Hase . (74 + 0) = 6 + Erh (Hasa + 0) = Hasa - Hasa 16. Han 3/154 Mau Va (H) 7/1 al Mau (Mi) 7/1 Va - Alternatively Alternatively, on having mi (f) (after a-ending Verbs, the ending vowel a (37) becomes a ( 371)]. Alternatively, on having mi (f) after a-ending Verbs , the ending vowel a ( 37) becomes a (341). (64+ ) = 54f4, HfH (adurch 1, 3814954, Tahan) (Hasa+mi) - Hasami (3/141), Hasami (Present Tense, First Person, Singular Number) 17. STO )-- ap 3/155 Icca Mo-Mu-Me Va saq F-7- 91 [(FT)+(a)] Icca Mo-Mu-Me Va [(lt) + (Ca)] $T (FT) 1/1 7 = 3577 [(H)-()-(A) 7/1] a1 26 Advanced Praksta-Apabhraisa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #38
It (lt) 1/1 Ca = and ((Mo) - (Mu) - (Ma)7/1] Va= Alternatively Alternatively, on having mo, mu and ma (), and 9) after a Verb, the ending vowel a (37) of the Verb becomes it + i(?) and ((a)(37)] . Alternatively, on having mo, mu and ma (, E and ) First Person, Plural Number after a-ending Verb, the ending vowel a (37) becomes i (5) and a (31) 3/154 . (67+1, and ) = 41, 42, 44, 414), FH14, EHT (vartamAnakAla, uttamapuruSa, bahuvacana) (Hasa+mo, mu and ma) - Hasimo, Hasimu, Hasima, Hasamo, Hasamu, Hasama (Present Tense, FirstPerson, Plural Number) 18. o 3/156 Kte (2) 7/1 Kte (Kta) 711 On having kta - ta - a (37) (suffix of Past Participle) after a Verb, the ending vowel a (37) becomes i (7)). On having ta - a (suffix of Past Participle) after aending Verbs, the ending vowel a (37) becomes i (5) (Sutra 3/155). (6 + 37) = 2437 (F/497 091f755 GT7) (Hasa+ a) = Hasia ( Kta/ Past Participle) Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) 27 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #39
19. ecca ktavA -tum - tavya - bhaviSyatsu Ecca Ktva-Tum-Tavya-Bhavisyatsu 28 ecca ktavA - tum tavya - bhaviSyatsu [ (et) + (ca) ] ktavA tum - bhaviSyatsu tavya Ecca Ktva-Tum-Tavya-Bhavisyatsu [(Et) + (Ca)] - Ktva-Tum-Tavya-Bhavisyatsu et (et) 1/1 ca [(ktavA) - ( tum) - (tavya) - (bhaviSyat) 7/3] Et (Et) 1/1 Ca = and [(Ktva) (Tum) (Tavya) - (Bhavisyat) 7/3] - On having ktva- tva (), tum (H), tavya () and the suffix of the Future Tense after a ending Verb, the ending vowel of a-ending Verb) becomes e (T) and (1) (3). On having (tva) - um, a, una and uana (3, 3, 3 and 33) (suffixes of the Absolutive), (tum) - um (3) (suffixes of the Infinitive), (tavya) - avva (31) (suffix of Obligatory and Potential Participle) and suffixes of the Future Tense (syati, syate, etc.- hi,etc.) (Pafa, -f), the ending vowel of a- ending Verb becomes e (T) and i (3). (1) (i) (hasa + uM, a, UNa, uANa) haseuM, hasea, haseUNa, haseuANa, hasiuM, hasia, hasiUNa, hasiuANa ( sambandhaka bhUtakRdanta) (Hasa+ um, a, una, uana) = Haseum, Hasea, Haseuna, Haseuana, Hasium, Hasia, Hasiuna, Hasiuana (Absolutive) (Ktavastumatuna-Tuanah 2/146) (hasa + iya, dUNa, ttA) = hasiya, hasidUNa, hasittA (sambandhaka bhUtakRdanta, zaurasenI prAkRta) (Hasa+ iya, duna, tta) = Hasiya, Hasiduna, Hasitta 3/157 - = Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #40
(Absolutive in Sauraseni Prakrta) (Ktva lya - Dunau 4/271) (ii) (hasa + uM) = hasiuM, haseuM ( hetvarthaka kRdanta ) (Hasa+um) = Hasium, Haseum (Infinitive) (iii) (hasa + avva) = hasiavva, haseavva (vidhi kRdanta) First Person Second Person (Hasa+ avva) = Hasiavva, Haseavva (Obligatory and Potential Participle) Future Tense Third Person Singular Plural (i) Hasihimi, Hasehimi, (i) Hasihimo, Hasehimo, (ii) Hasihami, Hasehami, Hasihimu, Hasehimu, (iii) Hasissami, Hasessami, Hasihima, Hasehima, (v) Hasissimi, (3/166-167,3/169, (iv) Hasissam, Hasessam, (ii) Hasissamo, Hasessamo, Hasissamu, Hasessamu, Hasissama, Hasessama, (iii) Hasihamo, Hasehamo, Hasihamu, Hasehamu, Hasihama, Hasehama, (iv) Hasihissa, Hasehissa, (v) Hasihittha, Hasehittha, (vi) Hasissimo, Hasissimu, Hasissima 4/275) (i) Hasihisi, Hasehisi, Hasihise, Hasehise, (ii) Hasissisi, Hasissise, (3/166, 4/275) (iii) Hasissasi, Hasessasi, Hasissase, Hasessase1 (3/166,4/268, 4/275) Hasissaha, Hasessaha, Hasissaittha, Hasessaittha, Hasissadha, Hasessadha1 (i) Hasihinti, Hasehinti, (i) Hasihii, Hasehii, Hasihie, Hasehie, (ii) Hasissidi, Hasisside Hasihinte, Hasehinte, (ii) Hasihiire, Hasehiire, 1. Refer: Pischel, Prakrta Bhasaom Ka Vyakarana, Page No. 758. Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) (3/166-168,4/275) (i) Hasihiha, Hasehiha, Hasihidha, Hasehidha, Hasihittha, Hasehittha, (ii) Hasissiha, Hasissiittha, Hasissidha, For Personal & Private Use Only 29

Page #41
(3/166, 4/273, (iii) Hasissinti, Hasissinte, 4/275) Hasissiire, Hasissai, Hasessai, (3/166, 4/275) Hasissae, Hasessae Hasissanti, Hasessanti; Hasissante, Hasessante, Hasissaire, Hasessaire 1. Refer: Pischel, Prakrta Bhaskom ka Vyakarana, Page No.758. 20. ader-1941-ray at 3/158 Vartamana-Pancami-Satlsu Va [(adart)-(1941)-(pr) 7/3] al [(Vartamana)-(Pancami)- (Saty) 7/3] Va - Alternatively Alternatively, on having a-ending Verb suffixes of the Present Tense in any Person, suffixes of the Imperative in any Person and suffixes of the Present Participle, the ending vowel of a- ending Verbs becomes e (T). Alternatively, on having suffixes of the Present Tense in any Person, on having suffixes of the Imperative in any Person and on having suffixes of the Present Participle after a-ending Verbs, then the ending vowel of a-ending Verbs becomes e (T). Present Tense Singular . Plural First Hasami, Hasemi Hasamo, Hasamu, Hasama Person (3/141,3/158) Hasemo, Hasemu, Hasema (3/144,3/158) Second Hasasi, Hasase, Hasaha, Hasittha, Hasadha Person Hasesi, Hasese, Haseha, Haseittha, Hasedha (3/140, ,3/158) 13/143, 4/268 ,3/158) Third Hasai, Hasadi, Hasanti, Hasante, Hasire Person Hasei, Hasedi, Hasenti, Hasente, Haseire (3/139, 4/273, (3/142,3/158) 3/158) 30 Advanced Praksta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #42
First Person Second Person Imperative Singular Hasamu, Hasemu (3/173,3/158) Hasasu, Hasahi, Hasesu, Hasehi (3/173-174,3/158) Hasau, Haseu (3/173,3/158) Plural Hasamo, Hasemo (3/176,3/158) Hasaha, Haseha (3/176,3/158) Third Haseu Hasantu, Hasentu (3/176,3/158) Person Present Participle Hasanta, Hasamana, Hasenta, Hasemana (3/181,3/158) 21. wil- 3/159 Jja-Jje [( T)-(*) 7/1] [(Jja) - (Jja) 7/1] On having suffixes jja and jja (wal and cul) after aending Verbs, the ending vowel a (37) becomes e (T). On having jja and jja ( Full and w7) after a-ending Verbs, the ending vowel a ( 37) becomes e () in Present Tense, Future Tense and Imperative. (Sutra 3/177) (ET + BHI, WT) = ( FRUGT, HOT) (Hasa + jja, jja).- Hasejja, Hasejja (Present Tense, Future Tense and Imperative) 22. $31-5ount PRI 3/160 Ia-ljjau Kyasya [(837)-(FCT) 1/2] Prer () 6/1 [(ia) - (lija) 1/2] Kyasya (Kya) 6/1 There occur ia ($37) and ijja (507) in place of kya - Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) 31 : For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #43
ya (kya-ya). There occur ia (3) and ijja (5) in place of kya - ya (P) (suffixes of the Passive Voice and the Impersonal Form). (hasa + Ia, ijja) = hasIai, hasijjai (Hasa+ia, ijja) = Hasiai, Hasijjai (Impersonal Form of the Present Tense) (kara + Ia, ijja) = ka rIai, karijjai (Kara+ia, ijja) = Kariai, Karijjai (Passive Voice of the Present Tense) 23. sI hI hIa bhUtArthasya 32 3/162 Si Hi Hia Bhutarthasya sI hI hIa bhUtArthasya sI hI [ ( hIa:) + (bhUtArthasya ) ] Si Hi Hia Bhutarthasya Si Hi [(Hiah) + (Bhutarthasya)] sI (sI) 1/1 hI (hI) 1/1 hIa : (hIa ) 1/1 bhUtArthasya ( bhUtArtha) 6/1 Si (Si) 1/1 Hi (Hi) 1/1 Hiah (Hia) 1/1 Bhutarthasya (Bhutartha) 6/1 There occur si, hi and hia (Ia, and 3) in place of the suffixes of Past Tense (t, at, etc.) After a-ending and o-ending Verbs, there occur in the First, Second and Third Person, Singular and Plural, si, hi and hia (, and 3) in place of the suffixes of Past Tense. Note: Sutra 3/163 speaks of consonants for explaining the Past Tense, whereas Sutra 3/162 gives different suffixes for the Past Tense. Therefore according to Hemacandra's commentary, these suffixes belong to Verbs ending in vowels. Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #44
Past Tense (Tha) Singular Plural First Person Thasi, Thahi, Thahia Thasi, Thahi, Thahia Second Person Thasi, Thahi, Thahia Thasi, Thahi, Thahia Third Person ThasiThahi, Thahia Thasi, Thahi, Thahia Past Tense (Ho) Singular Plural First Person Hosi, Hohi, Hohia Hosi, Hohi, Hohia Second Person Hosi, Hohi, Hohia Hosi, Hohi, Hohia Third Person Hosi, Hohi, Hohia Hosi, Hohi, Hohia 24. WIGT37: 3/163 Vyanjanadiah QWAIGT37: [(@WHICL)+($37:)] Vyanjanadiah [(Vyanjanat) + (lah)] --IC (28/1) 5/1 : () 1/1 Vyanjanat (Vyanjana) 5/1 lah (ia) 1/1 After Verbs ending in consonants, there occurs ia ($37). All consonant ending Verbs are actually a-ending Verbs. There occurs in the First, Second and Third Person, Singular and Plural, ia ($37) in place of the suffix of the Past Tense. Past Tense (Hasa) Singular Plural First Person Hasia Hasia Second Person Hasia Hasia Third Person Hasia Hasia 3/164 25. D REHT Tenasterasyahesi TITTEET ()+(3747:) +(IFA) +(SEL)] Advanced Praksta-Apabhraisa-Grammar (Part-II) 33 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #45
Tenasterasyahesi [(Tena) + (Asteh) + (Asi) + (Ahesi)] wa (a) 3/1 3769: (3767T) 6/1 371H ( 31169)1/1 BEST (BEST) 1/1 Tena (Ta) 3/1 Asteh (Asti) 6/1 Asi (Asi) 1/1 Ahesi (Ahesi) 1/1 In place of as+asa( 3TA), alongwith the suffixes of the Past Tense, there occur asi (IFA) and ahesi (EL). In the First, Second and Third Person, Singular and Plural, in place of as+asa( 377) alongwith the suffixes of Past Tense, there occur asi (341fA) and ahesi ( 3TER). Past Tense (Asa) Singular Plural: First Person Asi, Ahesi Asi, Ahesi Second Person Asi, Ahesi Asi, Ahesi Third Person Asi, Ahesi Asi, Ahesi 26. WICEAGIRI sat 3/165 Jjatsaptamya Irva CH4161 $af [(57TCL+(HERI:)+(7:)+(21)] Jjatsaptamya Irva [(Jjat) + (Saptamyah) + (lh) + (Va)] VEICI (55) 5/1 GRT: (61) 5/1 9: (3) 1/1 an Jjat (Jja) 5/1 Saptamyah (Saptami) 5/1 lh (1) 1/1 Va - Alternatively Alternatively, after ija (2) there occurs the i(3) suffix in the Imperative. Alternatively, if jja (WT) is after any Verb, there occurs the i (7) suffix in the Imperative. 34 Advanced Praksta-Apabhrassa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #46
Imperative (Hasa) Singular Plural First Person Hasejjai Hasejjai Second Person Hasejjai Hasejjai Third Person Hasejjai Hasejjai (By applying Sutra 3/158, a of a-ending verbs becomes e (C)). Imperative (sha) Singular Plural First Person Thajjai Thajjai Second Person Thajjai Thajjai Third Person Thajjai Thajjai (By applying Sutra 1/84 on having a conjunct letter after a long vowel, the long vowel become short). Imperative (Ho) Singular Plural First Person Hojjai Hojjai Second Person Hojjai Hojjai Third Person Hojjai Hojjai 7. ufafa fecufa: 3/166 Bhavisyati Hiradih ufquifa faufa: vfquefa [(fe:)+ (yfa:)] Bhavisyati Hiradih Bhavisyati [(Hih) + (Adin)] ufquife ( fauna) 7/1 fe: (FE) 1/1 tifa : (371fc) 1/1 fa Bhavisyati (Bhavisyat) 7/1 Hih (Hi) 1/1 Adin (Adi) 1/1 Adj. In the Future Tense, the hi (fa) suffix is first added after a Verb. In the Future Tense, the hi (fa) suffix is first added after a Verb, in place of the Future signifying suffixes syati, syate, etc. (Pifa, Rid), after which the suffixes for the corresponding Person and Number for the Present Tense are added. vanced Praksta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) 35 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #47
Future Tense (Hasa) Singular Plural First Person Hasihimi, etc. Hasihimo, etc. Second Person Hasihisi, etc. Hasihiha, etc. Third Person Hasihii, etc. Hasihinti, etc. Future Tense (sha) Singular Plural First Person Thahimi Thahimo, etc. Second Person Thahisi. Thahiha, etc. Third Person Thahii, etc. Thahinti; etc. Future Tense (Ho) Singular Plural First Person Hohimi Hohimo, etc. Second Person Hohisi Hohiha, etc. Third Person Hohii, etc. Hohinti, etc. 28. fn--- FIT 791 3/167 Mi-Mo-Mu-Me Ssa Ha Na Va [(fa)-(HT)-(5)-(A) 7/1) FT (FH) 1/1 7 (T) 1/1 791 [(Mi) - (Mo) - (Mu) - (Ma) 7/1] Ssa (Ssa) 1/1 Ha (Ha) 1/1 Na Va - Alternatively Alternatively, in the Future Tense, on having the suffixes mi, mo, mu and ma (FH, H, I and A), there occur ssa (291) and ha (ET). Alternatively, in the Future Tense on having mi (FA) (suffix of the Present Tense, First Person, Singular Number) and on having mo, mu and ma (H1, and ) (suffixes of the Present Tense, First Person, Plural Number), there occur ssa (Y) and ha (ET). 36 Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #48
First Person First Person First Person Future Tense (Hasa) Singular Hasissami, Hasihami, etc. Future Tense (Tha) Singular Thassami, Thahami, etc. Future Tense (Ho) Singular Hossami, Hohami, etc. 29. mo - mu-mAnAM hissA hitthA Plural Hasissamo, Hasihamo, etc. Plural Thassamo, Thahamo etc. 3/168 Mo-Mu-Manam Hissa Hittha mo-mu-mAnAM hissA hitthA mo- mu - [ (mAnAm) + (hissA ) ] hitthA Mo-Mu-Manam Hissa Hittha Mo-Mu-[(Manam) + Plural Hossamo, Hohamo, etc. (Hissa)] Hittha [(H)-(F)-(H) 6/3] faetu (farm) 1/1 faecen (fecen) 1/1 [(Mo) - (Mu) -(Ma) 6/3] Hissa (Hissa) 1/1 Hittha (Hittha) 1/1 Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) There occur hissa and hittha ( hissA and hitthA ) in place of mo, mu and ma (Ia, andIa). In the Future Tense if after Verbs there are himo, himu and hima (fei, fey and f) (Sutra 3/157) and ssamo, ssamu ssama, hamo, hamu and hama (4), ssAmu, ssAma, hAmo, hAmu and hAma) (Sutra 3 / 157), hissa (hissA) and hittha (fr) are added in their place. For Personal & Private Use Only 37

Page #49
(1)(i)(hasa + himo, himu, hima) : (hasa + hissA, hitthA) : hasihissA, hasihitthA, hasehissA, hasehitthA (bhaviSyatkAla, uttama puruSa, bahuvacana) (Hasa + himo, himu, hima) = (Hasa + hissa, hittha) = Hasihissa, Hasihittha, Hasehissa, Hasehittha (Future Tense, First Person, Plural Number) (ii)(hasa + ssAmo, ssAmu, ssAma) = (hasa + hissA, hitthA) = hasihissA, hasihitthA, hasehissA, hasehitthA (bhaviSyatkAla, uttamapuruSa, bahuvacana) (Hasa + ssamo, ssamu, ssama) = (Hasa + hissa, hittha) = Hasihissa, Hasihittha, Hasehissa, Hasehittha . (Future Tense, First Person, Plural Number) (iii)(hasa + hAmo, hAmu, hAma): (hasa + hissA, hitthA)- hasihissA, hasihitthA, hasehissA, hasehitthA (bhaviSyatkAla, uttama puruSa, bahuvacana) (Hasa + hamo, hamu, hama) = (Hasa + hissa, hittha) : Hasihissa, Hasihittha, Hasehissa, Hasehittha (Future Tense, First Person, Plural Number) (By applying Sutra 3/157, the ending a becomes i and 30. meH ssaM 3/169 Meh Ssam meH (mi) 6/1 ssaM (ssaM) 1/1 Meh (Mi) 6/1 Ssam (Ssam) 1/1 There occurs ssam (ssaM) in place of mi (mi). In the Future Tense if there are himi (himi) (Sutra 3/157), ssami and hami (ssAmi and hAmi) (Sutra 3/157) after Verbs, the suffix, ssam (ssaM) is added in their place. 38 Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #50
(1) (i) (hasa + himi) = (hasa + ssaM) = hasissaM, hasessaM (bhaviSyatkAla, uttamapuruSa, ekavacana) (Hasa +himi) = (Hasa + ssam) = Hasissam, Hasessam (Future Tense, First Person, Singular Number) (ii) (hasa + ssAmi) = (hasa + ssaM) = hasissaM, hasessaM (bhaviSyatkAla, uttamapuruSa, ekavacana) (Hasa +ssami) = (Hasa + ssam) = Hasissam, Hasessam (Future Tense, First Person, Singular Number) (iii) (hasa + hAmi) = (hasa + ssaM) = hasissaM, hasessaM (bhaviSyatkAla, uttamapuruSa, ekavacana) (Hasa +hami) = (Hasa + ssam) = Hasissam, Hasessam (Future Tense, First Person, Singular Number) (By applying Sutra 3/157, the ending a becomes i and e). . 31. du sumu vidhyAdiSvekasmiMstrayANAm 3/173 * Du Su Mu Vidhyadisvekasmimstrayanam du su mu vidhyAdiSveka smiMstrayANAm du su mu [(vidhi)+(AdiSu)+(ekasmin)+(trayANAm)] Du Su Mu Vidhyadisvekasminstrayanam Du Su Mu [(Vidhi) + (Adinu) + (Ekasmin) + (Trayanam)] du (du) 1/1 su(su) 1/1 mu (mu)1/1[(vidhi)+(Adi) 7/3] ekasmin (eka) 7/1 trayANAm (traya) 6/3 Du (Du) 1/1 Su (Su) 1/1 Mu (Mu)1/1[(Vidhi) + (Adi) . 7/3]Ekasmin(Eka) 7/1Trayanam (Traya) 6/3 In the Imperative, in the three Persons Singular, there occur respectively duhu,su and mu(du -u ,su and mu ). .dvanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) 39 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #51
" In the Imperative in the three Persons Singular, there occur respectively duu, su and mu du u su and mu in place of the suffixes (tu, tam, etc.) (,). (vidhi, anyapuruSa, ekavacana) (1) (i) (hasa + u) = hasau, haseu (Hasa+u) = Hasau, Haseu (Imperative, Third Person, Singular Number) (vidhi, madhyamapuruSa, ekavacana) (ii) (hasa + su) = hasasu, hasesu (Hasa + su) = Hasasu, Hasesu (iii)(hasa + mu) = hasamu, hasemu (Imperative, Second Person, Singular Number) (vidhi, uttamapuruSa, ekavacana) (Hasa+mu) = Hasamu, Hasemu (Imperative, First Person, Singular Number) (By applying Sutra 3/158, the ending a becomes e). 32. sorhirvA 40 3/174 Sorhirva sorhirvA [ (so: ) + (hi:)] vA Sorhirva [(Soh) + (Hih)] Va so: (su) 6/1 hi: (hi) 1/1 vA Soh (Su) 6/1 Hih (Hi) 1/1 Va = Alternatively Alternatively, there also occurs hi (fe) in place of su (su). In the Imperative there also occurs hi (f) in place of su () (suffix of the Second Person Singular). (hasa + su) = (hasa + hi) = hasahi, hasehi (vidhi, madhyamapuruSa, ekavacana) (Hasa + su) = (Hasa+hi) = Hasahi, Hasehi (Imperative, Second Person, Singular Number) (By applying Sutra 3/158, the ending a becomes e). Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #52
33. ata ijjasvijjahIjje - luko vA Ata Ijjasvijjahijje-Luko Va ata ijjasvijjahIjje - luko vA [(ata:)+(ijjasu)+(ijjahi)+(ijje) + (lukaH) + (vA) ] Ata Ijjasvijjahijje - Luko Va [ (Atah)+(ljjasu)+(Ijjahi) + (ljje) + (Lukah) + (Va)] ata: (at) 5/1 [(ijjasu) - (ijjahi) - (ijje) - (luk) 1/3] vA Atah (Ata) 5/1 [ ( Ijjasu) - (ljjahi) - ( Ijje ) - (Luk) 1 / 3] Va = Alternatively Alternatively, after a- ending Verbs, there occur ijjasu, ijjahi, ijje and lopa (Zero) (ijjasu, ijjahi, ijje and lopa pratyaya) in place of su (su). Alternatively, in the Imperative, after a- ending Verbs, there occur ijjasu, ijjahi, ijje and lopa ( zero ) ( ijjasu, ijjahi, ijje and lopa ('0' ) pratyaya) in place of su (suffix of the Second Person Singular). (hasa + su) = (hasa + ijjasu, ijjahi, ijje, lopa ('0' ) pratyaya) hasejjasu, hasejjahi, hasejje, hasa (vidhi, madhyamapuruSa, ekavacana ) (Hasa + su) = (Hasa + ljjasu, Ijjahi, Ijje and zero (lopa)) Hasejjasu, Hasejjahi, Hasejje, Hasa (Imperative, Second Person, Singular) . 34. bahuSu ntu ha mo Bahusu Ntu Ha Mo bahuSu ntu ha mo bahuSu tu [(ha:)+(mo)] 3/176 Advanced Prakrta Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) 3/175 Bahusu Ntu Ha Mo Bahusu Ntu [ (Hah) + (Mo)] bahuSu (bahu) 7/3 ntu (ntu) 1/1 ha: (ha) 1/1 mo (mo) 1/1 Bahusu (Bahu) 7/3 Ntu (Ntu) 1 / 1 Hah (Ha) 1 / 1 Mo (Mo) 1/1 For Personal & Private Use Only 41

Page #53
In the Plural Number, there occur ntu, ha and mo (ntu, ha and mo) (respectively). In the Third Person, Second Person and First Person Plural, there occur respectively ntu, ha and mo (ntu, ha and HI) in place of the suffixes of the Imperative (antu, antam, etc.). (1) (i) (hasa + antu, antAma) =(hasa + ntu) = hasantu, hasentu (vidhi, anyapuruSa, bahuvacana) (Hasa + antu, antam) =(Hasa + ntu) = Hasantu, Hasentu (Imperative, Third Person, Plural Number) (ii) (hasa + antu, antAma) = (hasa + ha) : hasaha, haseha (vidhi, madhyamapuruSa, bahuvacana) (Hasa + antu, antam) =(Hasa + ha) = Hasaha, Haseha' (Imperative, Second Person, Plural Number) : (iii) (hasa + antu, antAma) =(hasa + mo) = hasamo, hasemo (vidhi, uttamapuruSa, bahuvacana) / (Hasa + antu, antam) =(Hasa + mo) = Hasamo, Hasemo (Imperative, First Person, Plural Number) (By applying Sutra 3/158, ending a has become e). 35. vartamAnA - bhaviSyantyozca jja jjA vA 3/177 Vartamana - Bhavisyantyosca Jja Jja Va vartamAnA - bhaviSyantyozca jja jjA vA [(vartamAnA)+(bhaviSyantyoH )+(ca)] [(jjaH)+(jjA)] vA Vartamana-Bhavisyantyosca Jja Jja Va [(Vartamana) + (Bhavisyantyoh) + (Ca)] [(Jjah) + (Jja)] Va [(vartamAnA)-(bhaviSyanti) 7/2] ca jjaH (jja) 1/1 jjA (jjA) 1/1 vA 42 Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #54
(i) [(Vartamana)- (Bhavisyanti) 7/2) Ca = And Jjah( Jja) 1/1 Jja (Jja) 1/1 Va - Alternatively Alternatively, in the Present Tense, Future Tense and (Imperative), there occur ija and jja ( w and w). Alternatively, in the Present Tense, the Future Tense and the Imperative, there occur jja and jja (567 and I) in place of the suffixes for all Persons, Singular and Plural. Present Tense (Hasa) Singular Plural First Person Hasejja, Hasejja Hasejja, Hasejja Second Person Hasejja, Hasejja Hasejja, Hasejja Third Person Hasejja, Hasejja Hasejja, Hasejja Imperative (Hasa) Singular Plural First Person Hasejja, Hasejja Hasejja, Hasejja Second Person Hasejja, Hasejja Hasejja, Hasejja Third Person Hasejja, Hasejja Hasejja, Hasejja Future Tense (Hasa) Singular Plural First Person Hasejja, Hasejja Hasejja, Hasejja Second Person Hasejja, Hasejja Hasejja, Hasejja Third Person Hasejja, Hasejja Hasejja, Hasejja (By applying Sutra 3/159, ending a has become e). (ii) (ET + JA, FOTI) FOR, FICUT (Ho + jja, jja) - Hojja, Hojja (In all Tenses, Persons and Numbers) (iii) (A + BT, WII) = 31001 Jout, Bloll - Joull (Tha + jja, jja) - Thajja - Thajja, Thajja - Thajja . (In all Tenses, Persons and Numbers) Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #55
. 36. He a RIIGI 3/178 Madhye Ca Svarantadva 7827 a FATTIGI 787 a [(at )+(91)] Madhye Ca Svarantadva Madhye Ca [(Svarantat) + (Va)] HTET (HEZ) 7/1 a TOTIC (951) 5/1 al Madhye (Madhya) 7/1 Ca = and Svarantat (Svaranta) 5/1 Va - Alternatively Alternatively, after the vowel ending Verbs, the jja and ija ( w and ) suffixes are added in the middle. Alternatively, after a-ending and o -ending Verbs except a-ending Verbs, and before the suffixes of the Present, Future and Imperative, jja and jja (ty and WHI) suffixes are added in the middle. Present Tense (Ho) Singular Plural First Person Hojjami, Hojjami Hojjamo, Hojjamo Hojjamu, Hojjamu Hojjama, Hojjama Second Person Hojjasi, Hojjasi Hojjaittha, Hojjittha Hojjase, Hojjase Hojjaittha, Hojjaha, Hojjaha Third Person Hojjai, Hojjai Hojjanti, Hojjanti Hojjae, Hojjae Hojjante, Hojjante Hojjaire, Hojjaire Imperative (Ho) Singular Plural First Person Hojjamu, Hojjamu Hojjamo, Hojjamo Second Person Hojjahi, Hojjahi Hojjaha, Hojjaha Hojjasu, Hojjasu Third Person Hojjau, Hojjau Hojjantu, Hojjantu 44 Advanced Prakrta-Apabhraisa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #56
Future Tense (Ho) Singular Plural First Person (i) Hojjahimi, Hojjahimi, (i) Hojjahimo, Hojjahimo, (ii) Hojjassami, Hojjahimu, Hojjahimu, Hojjassami, Hojjahima, Hojjahima, (iii) Hojjahami, Hojjahami, (ii) Hojjassamo, Hojjassamo, (iv) Hojjassimi, Hojjassimi Hojjassamu, Hojjassamu, Hojjassama, Hojjassama, (iii) Hojjassimo, Hojjassimo, Hojjassimu, Hojjassimu, Hojjassima, Hojjassima, (iv) Hojjahamo, Hojjahamo, Hojjahamu, Hojjahamu, Hojjahama, Hojjahama Second Person Hojjahisi, Hojjahisi, Hojjahiha, Hojjahiha, Hojjahise, Hojjahise Hojjahidha, Hojjahidha, Hojjahittha, Hojjahittha ThirdPerson (i) Hojjahii, Hojjahii, (i) Hojjahinti, Hojjahinti, Hojjahie, Hojjahie, Hojjahinte, Hojjahinte, (ii) Hojjassidi, Hojjassidi Hojjaire, Hojjaire, (ii) Hojjassinti, Hojjassinti, Hojjassinte, Hojjassinte, Hojjassiire, Hojjassiire 37. f loat: 3/179 Kriyatipatteh . . f ifaqat: (falferufe) 6/1 Kriyatipatteh (Kriyatipatti) 6/1 Suffixes jja (W) and jja (W) occur in place of the Kriyatipatti (Conditional) suffixes (syat, syata etc.) (Pia, Pa). In all Persons and Numbers, suffixes jja (WT) and jja (WIT) occur in place of the Kriyatipatti (Conditional) suffixes. Advanced Prakrta-Apabhraisa-Grammar (Part-II) 45. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #57
First Person Second Person Third Person 38. nta 46 Hasejja, Hasejja (By applying Sutra 3/159, ending a has become e). - mANau Nta - Manau [ ( nta) - ( mANa ) 1/2] [(Nta) (Mana) 1/2] There occur nta () and mana (H) in place of the Conditional suffixes. Nta () and mana (HT) are added to Verbs in place of the Conditional suffixes. Masculine Neuter Feminine Conditional (Hasa) - Singular Hasejja, Hasejja Hasejja, Hasejja Hasejja, Hasejja First Person Second Person Third Person Note: According to Becaradasa Dosi, these are used in Nominative Singular and Plural. [(syat, syata etc.) - nto, mano, ntam, manam, nti, mani etc.] 3/180 Singular Plural Hasanto, Hasamano Hasanta, Hasamana Hasantam, Hasamanam Hasantaim, Hasamanaim Hasanti, Hasamani Hasantio, Hasamanio Hasanta, Hasamana Hasantao, Hasamanao Plural Hasejja, Hasejja Hasejja, Hasejja " Conditional (Hasa) Singular Hasanto, Hasanti Hasanto, Hasanti Hasanto, Hasantam Hasanti Plural Hasanta, Hasantio Hasanta, Hasantio Hasanta, Hasantaim Hasantio Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #58
Conditional (Hasa) Singular Plural First Person Hasamano, Hasamani Hasamana, Hasamanio Second Person Hasamano, Hasamani Hasamana, Hasamanio Third Person Hasamano, Hasamana, Hasamanaim Hasamanam, Hasamanio Hasamani 39. STEIERT: 3/181 Satlanasah 149: [(PT) + (371991:)] Satlanasah [(Saty) + (Anasah)] [(PT) - (311791) 6/1] [(Satr) - (Anas) 6/1] There occur nta (77) and mana (779) in place of sat (T) + at (3751) and anas (371) + ana or mana ( 3471, 47). There occur nta (59) and mana (101) in place of the suffixes of the Present Participle satr( FT) and anas( 34172). (F4 + 77, 41) = HTT, 5444100 (Hasa + nta, mana) Hasanta, Hasamana 40. a ERIT 3/182 i Ca Striyam $($) 1/1 a fan ( T) 7/1 i (i) 1/1 Ca = and Striyam (Stri) 7/1 In the Feminine there occurs i($) alone and the other Feminine suffixes a , i( 341 , ), nta, mana, nti, mani (FTI, FITI, TI, ATt) in place of Present Participle suffixes. In the Feminine, there occur i ($) and other Feminine Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) 47 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #59
suffixes a,i (A, I) nta, mana, nti and mani (ntA, mANA, it and Hist) in place of the Present Participle suffixes. (1) (i) (hasa + I) - hasaI (Hasa + i) = Hasai. (ii) (hasa + ntA) = hasantA (Hasa + nta) = Hasanta (iii) (hasa + mANA) = hasamANA (Hasa + mana) = Hasamana (iv) (hasa + ntI) - hasantI (Hasa +nti) = Hasanti (v) (hasa + mANI) = hasamANI (Hasa +mani) = Hasamani (Refer: Sutra 3/32, Advanced Prakrta Grammar (Part -1) Page No. 42.) 41. ktvastumattUNa - tuANAH - 2/146 Ktvastumattuna - Tuanah ktvastumattUNa - tuANAH [(ktvaH)+(tum)+(at)+(tUNa)- (tuANAH)] Ktvastumattuna * Tuanah [(Ktvah) + (Tum) + (At) + (Tana) - (Tuanah)] ktvaH (ktvA) 6/1 [tum)-(at)-(tUNa)-(tuANa) 1/3] Ktvah (Ktva) 6/1 [(Tum) - (At) - (Tuna) - (Tuana) 1/3] There occur tum+ um, (tuM - uM), at+a, (at - a), tuna - una, (tUpa - Upa) and tuana - uana (tuApa - uApa) in place of ktva (kvA). There occur tum - um, (tuM - uM), at+a, (at - a), tuna -una, (tUNa - UNa) and tuana + uana (tuANa - 337141) in place of ktva (oral) (suffix of Absolutive). (1) (i) (hasa + uM) = hasiuM, haseuM (Hasa + um) = Hasium, Haseum (ii) (hasa + a) = hasia, hasea ____(Hasa + a) = Hasia, Hasea (iii) (hasa + UNa) = hasiUNa, haseUNa, hasiUNaM, haseUNaM 48 Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-IID For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #60
(Hasa + una) - Hasiuna, Haseuna, Hasiunam, Haseunam (iv) (E4 + 3341) = 43371, E433TM, &f46371VI, FH33700 (Hasa + uana) - Hasiuana, Haseuana, Hasiuanam, Haseuanam Refer: According to Sutra 3/157, there occur i and e in place of the ending vowel a. According to Sutra 1/27, there occurs alternatively anusvara on the suffixes una and uana. Advanced Prakrta-Apabhraisa-Grammar (Part-II) 49 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #61
(ii) Sauraseni Praksta: Verbs and Participles Sutras 4/268,4/271, 4/273 to 4/275 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #62
Sauraseni Praksta: Verbs and Participles 42. 56- Egle 4/268 Iha - Hacorhasya SE-Etie EUR -[(691:)+(ERT)] Iha * Hacorhasya Tha - [(Hacoh) + (Hasya)] [(56)+(59) 6/2] EpA () 6/1 [(Iha) - (Hac) 6/2] Hasya (Ha) 6/1 There occurs dha in place of the ha inherent in Iha and hac. Alternatively, there occurs dha in place of the ha inherent in Iha (Indeclinable) and hac (suffix of the Present Tense, Second Person, Plural Number). FE +58 lha + Idha (Here) hasaha -hasadha (vartamAnakAla, madhyamapuruSa, bahuvacana ) Hasaha - Hasadha (Present Tense, Second Person, Plural Number) * Refer to Hemacandra's Commentary for the use of dha. (Sutra 4/268) 43. fe 54 - quit 4/271 Ktva Iya - Dunau of 94 - quit [:(#9:)+(54)]- quit Ktva lya - Dunau [(Ktvah) + (lya)] Dunau 69: (021) 6/1 [(52) - (qu) 1/2] Ktvah (Ktva) 6/1 ((Iya) - (Duna) 1/2) There occur iya (51) and duna (9) in place of ktva - tva (fall +91). Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) 51 . For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #63
Alternatively, there occur iya (4) and duna (7) in place of ktva - tva (dal --) (suffix of Absolutive). Alternatively, there also occurs suffix tta (M). iya, dUNa, ttA (Ktva)iya, duna, tta ( ktvA) (hasa + iya, dUNa, ttA) = hasiya, hasidUNa, hasittA (saMbaMdhaka kRdanta ) (Hasa iya, duna, tta) Hasiya, Hasiduna, Hasitta 44. diriceco : 52 (Absolutive). Refer to Hemacandra's Commentary for the use of tta. (Sutra 4/271) = Diricecoh faftaat: [(fa:)+(3T) +(LA:)] Diricecoh [(Dih) + (Ic) + (Ecoh)] di: (di) 1/1 [ (ic)-(ec) 6/2] Dih (Di) 1/1 [(Ic) - (Ec) 6/2] There occurs di (f) in place of ic-i(-), and ec -e (ec -F). There occurs di suffix in place of i and e (suffixes of the Present Tense, Third Person, Singular Number). (1) (i)(hasa + i) =(hasa + di) = hasadi (vartamAnakAla, anyapuruSa, ekavacana) (Hasa + i) = (Hasa + di) = Hasadi 4/273 (Present Tense, Third Person, Singular Number) (ii)(hasa +e) = (hasa + di) = hasadi (vartamAnakAla, anyapuruSa, eka vacana) (Hasa + e) = (Hasa + di) = Hasadi (Present Tense, Third Person, Singular Number) Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #64
45. 31a ara 4/274 Ato Desca 37 [(377:)+(?:) +(a)] Ato Desca ((Atah) + (Deh) + (Ca)] 371: (377) 5/1 a: (a) 1/1 a = 3117 Atah (At) 5/1 Deh (De) 1/1 Ca = and After a- ending Verbs there occur de (a) and di (fa) (in place of i() and e(T)). After a-ending Verbs, there occur de and di in place of i and e (suffixes of the Present Tense, Third Person, Singular Number). (1) (i) (74 + F, 1) = (FH + fa, a) - Ehf, Eta (vartamAnakAla, anyapuruSa, ekavacana) (Hasa + i, e) = (Hasa + di, de) - Hasadi, Hasade (Present Tense, Third Person, Singular Number) In Hemacandra's Commentary, the use of de is limited only to a-ending verbs. Therefore, for a -ending and o-ending Verbs only, the di (fa) suffix is used and the de (a) suffix is not used. (1) (i) (@T+ F, T) = (2+ fa) = 31fc (Tha+i;e) = (Tha+di) = Thadi (Thade (ara) does not occur). (Present Tense, Third Person, Singular Number), (ii) (ET+ 5, 1) = (ET+ fa) - Elf (Ho+i,e) - (Ho+di) -Hodi (Hode (Ela) does not occur. (Present Tense, Third Person, Singular Number) Advanced Prakrta-Apabhraisa-Grammar (Part-II) 53 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #65
46. bhaviSyati ssiH 4/275 Bhavisyati ssih bhaviSyati (bhaviSyat) 7/1 ssiH (ssi) 1/1 Bhavisyati (Bhavisyat) 7/1 Ssih (Ssi) 1/1 In the Future Tense, the suffix ssi (fy) is added (then suffixes of Present Tense are added). In the Future Tense the suffix ssi (fy) is added, after which the corresponding suffixes of the Present Tense with relevent Persons and Numbers are added.'' (1) (i) (hasa + ssi+ di, de) = hasissidi, hasisside (bhaviSyatkAla, anyapuruSa, ekavacana) / (Hasa + ssi + di, de) = Hasissidi, Hasisside ... (Future Tense, Third Person, Singular Number) (ii) (hasa + ssi+ nti,nte, ire) : hasissinti, hasissinte, hasissiire (bhaviSyatkAla, anyapuruSa, bahuvacana) (Hasa + ssi + nti, nte, ire) = Hasissinti, Hasissinte, Hasissiire (Future Tense, Third Person, Plural Number) (2) (i) (hasa + ssi+ si, se) = hasissisi, hasissise (bhaviSyatkAla, madhyamapuruSa, ekavacana) (Hasa + ssi + si, se) = Hasissisi, Hasissise (Future Tense, Second Person, Singular Number) (ii) (hasa + ssi+ ha, itthA, dha) = hasissiha, hasissiitthA, hasissidha (bhaviSyatkAla, madhyamapuruSa, bahuvacana) (Hasa + ssi + ha, ittha, dha) = Hasissiha, Hasissiittha, Hasissidha (Future Tense, Second Person, Plural Number) 54 Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #66
(3) (i) (hasa + ssi + mi) hasissimi (bhaviSyatkAla, uttamapuruSa, ekavacana) (Hasa + ssi + mi) = Hasissimi = (Future Tense, First Person, Singular Number) (ii) (hasa + ssi + mo, mu, ma) = hasissimo, hasissimu, hasissima (bhaviSyatkAla, uttamapuruSa, bahuvacana) (Hasa + ssi + mo, mu, ma) = Hasissimo, Hasissimu, Hasissima (Future Tense, First Person, Plural Number) Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only 55

Page #67
(iii). Apabhraisa: Verbs and Participles : Sutras 4/382 to 4/388, and 4/438 to 4/442 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #68
Apabhraisa: Verbs and Participles 47. tyAderAdya-trayasya bahutve hiM na vA 4/382 Tyaderadya - Trayasya Bahutve Him Na Va tyAderAdya-trayasya bahutve hiM na vA [(ti)+(AdeH) +(Adya)- (trayasya)] Tyaderadya * Trayasya Bahutve Him Na Va [(Ti) + (Adeh) + (Adya) - (Trayasya)] [ (ti)-( Adi) 6/1] Adyatrayasya (Adyatraya) 6/1 bahutve (bahutva) 7/1 hiM (hiM) 1/1 na vA [(Ti) - (Adi) 6/1] Adyatrayasya (Adyatraya) 6/1 Bahutve (Bahutva) 7/1Him (Him) 1/1 Na Va = Alternatively Alternatively, among the suffixes ti, etc. (ti) of the Three Persons there occurs him (fi) in place of the suffixes of Third Person Plural. Alternatively, among the suffixes ti, etc. (fa) of the Present Tense forms, there occurs him (fo) in place of the suffixes anti and ante signifying, the suffixes of Third Person Plural. (hasa + anti, ante) = (hasa + hiM) = hasahiM (vartamAnakAla, prathamapuruSa (anyapuruSa) bahuvacana) (Hasa + anti, ante) = (Hasa + him) = Hasahim (Present Tense, Third Person, Plural Number) Alternatively: Hasanti, Hasante, Hasire (hasanti, hasante, hasire) (Sutra - 3/142) 48. madhya -trayasyAdyasya hi: 4/383 Madhya * Trayasyadyasya Hih madhya -trayasyAdyasya hiH [(madhya)-(trayasya)+(Adyasya)] hiH Madhya * Trayasyadyasya Hih [(Madhya) - (Trayasya) + (Adyasya) Hih Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) 57 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #69
[(982)-(71) 6/1] 3ER (371T) 6/1 fe: (fe) 1/1 [(Madhya) - (Traya) 6/1] Adyasya (Adya) 6/1 Hih (Hi) 1/1 Among the Three Persons, there occurs hi in place of the suffixes si etc. (f) signifying, the suffixes of Second Person Singular. In the Present Tense, among the Three Persons, there occurs hi in place of the suffixes si, etc. (FA), signifying the suffixes of Second Person Singular. '' (E4 + FA) = ( + fy) = He (vartamAnakAla, madhyamapuruSa, ekavacana) (Hasa + si) = (Hasa + hi) - Hasahi (Present Tense, Second Person, Singular Number) Alternatively: Hasasi, Hasase (EHRA, 549) (Sutra - 3/140) 49. Gerd E: 4/384 Bahutve Huh agret (alera) 7/1 E: (T) 1/1 Bahutve (Bahutva) 7/1 Huh (Hu) 1/1 There occurs hu in Second Person Plural . Alternatively, in the Present Tense among the Three Persons, there occurs hu in place of the suffixes tha and dhve (1, ed) signifying, the suffixes of Second Person Plural. (64+ 21, 2) = (F4 +)=EHE (adhn , 48214 49, E99A) (Hasa + tha, dhve) - (Hasa + hu) = Hasahu (Present Tense, Second Person, Plural Number) Alternatively: Hasaha, Hasittha (Ehe, fren) (Sutra - 3/143) 58 Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #70
50. antya - trayasyAdyasya uM 4/385 Antya - Trayasyadyasya Um antya - trayasyAdyasya uM [ ( antya) - (trayasya) + (Adyasya)] uM Antya Trayasyadyasya Um [(Antya) - (Trayasya) + (Adyasya)] Um [ ( antya) - (traya) 6 / 1] Adyasya (Adya) 6/1 uM (uM) 1/1 [(Antya) - (Traya) 6/1] Adyasya (Adya) 6/1 Um (Um) 1/1 There occurs um in the First Person Singular. Alternatively, in the Present Tense among the Three Persons, there occurs um in place of the suffixes (mi and i) (f4 and 3) signifying the suffixes of First Person Singular. (hasa + mi, i) = (hasa + uM) = hasauM (vartamAnakAla, uttamapuruSa, ekavacana) (Hasa+mi, i) = (Hasa + um) = Hasaum (Present Tense, First Person, Singular Number) Alternatively: Hasami, Hasami, Hasemi (hasami, hasAmi, hasemi) (Sutra 3 / 141,3/154, 3 / 158) * 51. bahutve huM Bahutve Hum 4/386 bahutveM (bahutva) 7/1 huM (huM) 1/1 Bahutve (Bahutva) 7/1 Hum (Hum) 1/1 There occurs hum in the First Person Plural. Alternatively, in the Present Tense among the Three Persons, there occurs hum in place of the suffixes (mah and mahe) (: and ) signifying the suffixes of First Person Plural. Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only 59

Page #71
( hasa + ma:, mahe) = (hasa + huM) = hasahuM (vartamAnakAla, uttamapuruSa, bahuvacana) 60 52. hi -svayoridudet (Hasa + mah, mahe) =(Hasa + hum) (Present Tense, First Person, Plural Number) Alternatively: Hasamo, Hasamu, Hasama (hasamo, hasamu, hasama) (Sutra - 3/144) * 4/387 Hi Svayoridudet hi -svayodudet [ ( svayoH)+(it) + (ut)+(et) ] Hi - Svayoridudet [(Svayoh) + (It) + (Ut) + (Et)] [(hi) - (sva) 6/2] it (it) 1/1 ut (ut) 1/1 et (et) 1/1 [(Hi)- (Sva) 6/2] It (It) 1/1 - Ut (Ut) 1/1 - Et (Et) 1/1 There occur it-i (3), ut -u (3) and et -e (T) in place of the suffixes hi (f) and sva (a) signifying the suffixes of Second Person Singular. In the Imperative among the Three Persons, there occur it -i (3), ut --u (3) and et -e (T) in place of the suffixes hi (f) and sva(), signifying the suffixes of the Second Person Singular. (hasa + hi, sva) = (hasa + i, u, eM) hasi, hasu, hase (vidhi evaM AjJA, madhyamapuruSa, ekavacana) (Hasa+hi, sva) = (Hasa + i, u, e) Hasi, Hasu, Hase (Imperative, Second Person, Singular Number) Alternatively: Hasahi, Hasasu, Hasa (fe, ny, H) (Sutra - 3/173, 174) = Hasahum For Personal & Private Use Only Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II)

Page #72
53. vatsaryati - syasya saH Vatsaryati - Syasya Sah vatsaryati (vatsaryat) 7/1 syasya (sya) 6/1 sa: (sa) 1/1 Vatsaryati (Vatsaryat) 7/1 Syasya (Sya) 6/1 Sah (Sa) 1/1 In the Future Tense, there occurs sa (H) in place of sya (P) (suffix of the Future Tense). In the Future Tense, there occurs sa () in place of sya () (suffix of the Future Tense). After sya(),the suffixes of Person and Number of the Present Tense are added. (By applying Sutra 3/157, the a of a-ending Verbs changes into i and e before the Future Tense suffixes). 4/388 1. = (i) (hasa + sya) = (hasa + sa) = (hasa + sa+ i, e) hasisai, hasesai, hasisae, hasesae (bhaviSyatkAla, anyapuruSa, ekavacana) (Hasa + sya) = (Hasa + sa) = (Hasa + sa, i, e) = Hasisai, Hasesai, Hasisae, Hasesae (Future Tense, Third Person, Singular Number) (ii) (hasa+ sya) = ( hasa + sa ) = (hasa + sa + hiM) = hasisahiM, hasesahiM (bhaviSyatkAla, anyapuruSa, bahuvacana) (Hasa + sya) = (Hasa + sa) = (Hasa + sa + him) Hasisahim, Hasesahim (Future Tense, Third Person, Plural Number) 2. (i) (hasa + sya) = (hasa + sa) = (hasa + sa + hi) hasisahi, hasesahi (bhaviSyatkAla, madhyamapuruSa, ekavacana) (Hasa + sya)= (Hasa + sa)= (Hasa +sa+hi) = Hasisahi, Hasesahi Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) (Future Tense, Second Person, Singular Number) (ii) (hasa + sya) = (hasa + sa ) = (hasa + sa + hu) hasisahu, - For Personal & Private Use Only = = 61

Page #73
'. hasesahu (bhaviSyatkAla, madhyamapuruSa, bahuvacana) (Hasa + sya) = (Hasa + sa) = (Hasa + sa + hu) : . Hasisahu, Hasesahu (Future Tense, Second Person, Plural Number) 3. (i) (hasa + sya) =(hasa + sa) = (hasa + sa + uM) = hasisauM, hasesauM (bhaviSyatkAla, uttamapuruSa, ekavacana) (Hasa + sya) = (Hasa + sa) = (Hasa + sa+ um) = . Hasisaum, Hasesaui (Future Tense, First Person, Singular Number) (ii) (hasa + sya) =(hasa + sa) =(hasa + sa + hu~) : hasisahaM, hasesahaM (bhaviSyatkAla, uttamapuruSa, bahuvacana) (Hasa + sya) = (Hasa + sa) = (Hasa + sa+ hum) : Hasisahum, Hasesahum (Future Tense, First Person, Plural Number), Alternatively: (1) (i) hasihii, hasihie, hasehii, hasehie , (bhaviSyatkAla, anyapuruSa, ekavacana) / Hasihii, Hasihie, Hasehii, Hasehie (Future Tense, Third Person, Singular Number) (ii) hasihinti, hasihinte, hasihiire, hasehinti, hasehinte, hasehiire (bhaviSyatkAla, anyapuruSa, bahuvacana) Hasihinti, Hasihinte, Hasihiire Hasehinti, Hasehinte, Hasehiire (Future Tense, Third Person, Plural Number) (iii) hasihisi, hasihise, hasehisi, hasehise (bhaviSyatkAla, madhyamapuruSa, ekavacana) Hasihisi, Hasihise, Hasehisi, Hasehise (Future Tense, Second Person, Singular Number) (iv) hasihiha, hasihitthA, hasehiha, hasehitthA (bhaviSyatkAla, madhyamapuruSa, bahuvacana) 62 Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #74
Hasihiha, Hasihittha, Hasehiha, Hasehittha (Future Tense, Second Person, Plural Number) (v) hasihimi, hasehimi (bhaviSyatkAla, uttamapuruSa, ekavacana) Hasihimi, Hasehimi (Future Tense, First Person, Singular Number) (vi) hasihimo, hasihimu, hasihima, hasehimo, hasehimu, hasehima (bhaviSyatkAla, uttamapuruSa, bahuvacana) Hasihimo, Hasihimu, Hasihima, Hasehimo, Hasehimu, Hasehima, (Future Tense, First Person, Plural Number) (Sutra - 3/157) 54. tavyasya ievvauM evvauM evA. 4/438 Tavyasya levvaum Evvaum Eva tavyasya (tavya) 6/1 ievvauM (ievvauM) 1/1 evvauM (evvauM) 1/1 evA (evA) 1/1 Tavyasya (Tavya) 6/1 levvaum (levvaum) 1/1 Evvaum (Evvaum) 1/1 Eva (Eva) 1/1 There occur ievwaum, evvaum and eva (ievbauM, evvauM, and evA) in place of tavya (tavya). In the Obligatory and Potential Participle there occur ievvaum, evvaum and eva (ievvauM, evvauM and evA) in place bf tavya (tavya) (should, ought). [(tavya) +ievvaum, evvaum, eva] (kara + tavya) = (kara + ievvauM, evvauM, evA) = karievvauM, ka khvauM, kavA (vidhi kRdanta) (Kara + tavya) = (Kara +ievvaum, evvaum, eva) : Karievvaum, Karevvaum, Kareva (Obligatory and Potential Participle) Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-ID 63 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #75
55. ktva i-iu-ivi-avayaH 4/439 Ktval-lu-Ivi-Avayah ktva i-iu-ivi-avayaH [(ktva:)+(i)] Ktva I -Iu-lvi-Avayah [(Ktvah) + (1)] ktvaH (ktvA ) 6/1 [(i)-(iu)-(ivi)- (avi) 1/3] Ktvah (Ktva) 6/1 [(1) - (lu) - (Ivi) - (Avi) 1/3] There occur i, iu, ivi and avi (5, 58, sfa and 31fa) in place of ktva (kvA). In the Absolutive there occur i, iu, ivi and avi (i, iu, ivi and avi) in place of ktva (ktvA ) (suffixes of . Absolutive). (kara + ktvA) =(kara + i, iu, ivi, avi) : kari, kariTha, karivi, ka ravi (saMbaMdhaka kRdanta) (Kara + ktva) =(Kara + i, iu, ivi, avi) = Kari, Kariu, Karivi, Karavi (Absolutive) 56. eppyeppiNvevyeviNavaH 4/440 Eppyeppinvevyevinavah epyeppiNvevyeviNavaH [(eppi)+(eppiNu)+(evi)+(eviNava:)] Eppyeppinvevyevinavah [(Eppi) + (Eppinu) + (Evi) + (Evinavah)] [(eppi)-(eppiNu)-(evi)-(eviNu) 1/3] [(Eppi) - (Eppinu) - (Evi) - (Evinu)1/3] There occur eppi, eppinu, evi and evinu (eppi, eppiyu, evi and evipu) in place of ktva (kvA). Additionally, in the Absolutive, there occur eppi, eppinu, evi and evinu (eppi, eppiNu, evi and eviNu) in place of ktva (ktvA ) (suffixes of Absolutive). (kara + ktvA) :(kara + eppi, eppiNu, evi, eviNu) = kareppi, kareppiNu, karevi, kareviNu (saMbaMdhaka kRdanta) 64 Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-IID For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #76
(Kara + ktva) = (Kara + eppi, eppinu, evi, evinu) = Kareppi, Kareppinu, Karevi, Karevinu (Absolutive) 57. tuma evamaNANahamaNahiM ca 4/441 Tuma Evamananahamanahim Ca tuma evamaNANahamaNahiM ca [(tumaH)+(evam)+(aNa)+(aNaham)+ (aNahiM)] ca Tuma Evamananahamanahim Ca [(Tumah) + (Evam) + (Ana) + (Anaham) + (Anahim)] Ca tumaH (tum) 6/1 evam (evam) 1/1 aNa (aNa) 1/1 aNaham (aNaham) 1/1 aNahiM (aNahiM) 1/1 ca Tumah (Tum) 6/1 Evam (Evam) 1/1 Ana (Ana) 1/1 Anaham (Anaham) 1/14Anahim) Anahim 1/1 Ca = and There occur evam, ana, anaham and anahim (evaM, apa, apahaM and apahi) and eppi, eppinu, evi and evinu (eppi, eppiSu, evi and evipuM) in place of tum - tum (tuM). In the Infinitive,there occur evam, ana, anaham and anahim (evaM, aNa, aNahaM and aNahiM) and eppi, eppinu, evi and evinu(eppi, eppiNu, evi and eviNu) in place of tum - tum (tuM) suffix of Infinitive. (ka ra + tuM) = (ka ra + evaM, aNa, aNahaM, aNahiM, eppi, eppiNu, evi, eviNu) = ka khaM, kAraNa, ka raNahaM, ka raNahiM, ka reppi, ka reppiNu, ka revi, kareviNu (hetvarthaka kRdanta) (Kara + tum) = (Kara + evam, ana, anaham, anahim, eppi,eppinu,evi,evinu)=Karevam,Karana,Karanaham, Karanahim,Kareppi, Kareppinu, Karevi, Karevinu (Infinitive) Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) 65 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #77
58. gamereppiNvepyoreluMga vA 4/442 Gamereppinveppyorerlug Va gamereppiNveppyoluMga vA [(gameH)+(eppiNu)+(eppyoH )+(e:)+(luk) + (vA)] Gamereppinveppyorerlug Va [(Gameh) + (Eppinu) + (Eppyoh) + (Eh) + (Luk) + (Va)] . gameH (gami) 5/1 [(eppiNu)-(eppi) 7/2] e: (e) 6/1 luk (luk) 1/1 vA Gameh (Gami) 5/1 [(Eppinu) - (Eppi) 7/2] Eh (E) 6/1Luk (Luk) 1/1 Va = Alternatively Alternatively, there is the disappearance of the Vowel 'e' (e) of the suffixes eppinu (eppiyu) and eppi (eppi) after the Verb-root gami- gam(gami - gama). . In the Infinitive and the Absolutive, the e () of eppinu (eppiNu) and eppi (eppi) disappear after the Verb-root gami + gam(gami - gama). (gam +eppiNu) = gampiNu (saMbaMdhaka, hetvarthaka kRdanta) (Gam + eppinu) = Gampinu (Absolutive, Infinitive ) (gam +eppi) = gampi (saMbaMdhaka, hetvarthaka kRdanta) (Gam + eppi) = Gampi (Absolutive, Infinitive ) Alternatively: (gam +eppiNu) = gameppiNu (saMbaMdhaka, hetvarthaka kRdanta) (Gam + eppinu) - Gameppinu (Absolutive, Infinitive ) (gam +eppi) = gameppi (saMbaMdhaka, hetvarthaka kRdanta) (Gam + eppi) = Gameppi (Absolutive, Infinitive) ...... 66 Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #78
Appendix - 1 (i) Conjugation of Verbs in Praksta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #79
First Person Third Person 68 Present Tense a-ending Verb (Hasa) Singular Hasami (3/141), Hasami (3/154), Hasemi (3/158), Hasamo, Hasamu, Hasama, Hasam (3/141 Ki Vrtti), Hasimo, Hasimu, Hasima Hasejja, Hasejja, (3/155), (3/177, 3/159) Hasemo, Hasemu, Hasema (3/158), Second Person Hasasi, Hasase (3/140), Hasaha, Hasittha, Hasadha Hasesi, Hasese (3/158), (3/143, 4/268), Hasejja, Hasejja (3/177, 3/159) Plural Hasamo, Hasamu, Hasama (3/144), Hasejja, Hasejja, (3/177, 3/159) Hasejja, Hasejja (3/177, 3/159) Haseha, Haseittha, Hasedha (3/158), Hasejja, Hasejja (3/177, 3/159) Hasai, Hasae (3/139), Hasadi, Hasade (4/273, 4/274), Hasei, Hasedi (3/158), (3/158), Hasanti, Hasante, Hasire (3/142), Hasenti, Hasente, Haseire Hasejja, Hasejja (3/177, 3/159) Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #80
Present Tense a-ending Verb -Suffixes First Person Singular Plural mi (3/141,3/154, mo, mu, ma(3/144, 3/155. 3/158), 3/158), < (3/141 Ki Vrtti), jja, jja (3/177, 3/159) jja, jja (3/177, 3/159) Second Person si, se (3/140, 3/158) ha, ittha,dha (3/143, 3/158, jja, jja (3/177, 3/159) 4/268), jja, jja (3/177, 3/159) Third Person i, e (3/139) nti, nte, ire (3/142, 3/158), di, de (4/273, 4/274, jja, jja (3/177, 3/159) 3/158) jja, jja (3/177, 3/159) dvanced Prakrta-Apabhraisa-Grammar (Part-II) 69 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #81
Present Tense a-ending, o- ending Verbs (Tha and Ho) First Person Thaija . Singular Plural Thami (3/141), Thamo, Thamu, Thama Thajja, Thajja (3/144), (3/177, 1784), Thajja, Thajja Thajjami, Thajjami (3/177), (3/178, 3/141, 1/84) Thajjamo, Thajjamu, Thajjama, Thajjamo, Thajjamu, Thajjama (3/178, 3/144) Second Person Thasi (3/140) Thajja, Thajja (3/177) Thajjasi, Thajjase, Thaha, Thaittha, Thadha (3/143, 4/268), Thajja, Thajja (3/177), Thajjaha, Thajjaittha, Tkajjadha, Thajjasi, Thajjase (3/178, 3/140) Thajjaha, Thajjaittha, Thajjadha (3/178, 3/143, 4/268) Third Person Thai, Thadi (3/139, 4/273) Thajja, Thajja,(3/177), Thajjai, Thajjae, Thajjai, Thajjae (3/178, 3/139) Thanti, Thante, Thaire (3/142, 1/84), Thajja, Thajja,(3/177) Thajjanti, Thajjante, Thajjaire, Thajjanti, Thajjante, Thajjaire (3/178, 3/142) Note: Similarly 'Ho' can be conjugated 70 Advanced Praksta-Apabhraisa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #82
Present Tense a-ending, o-ending Verb -Suffixes Singular Plural First Person mo, mu, mal3/144) mi (3/141), jja, jja (3/177) jjami, jjami (3/178) jja, jja (3/177). jjamo, jjamu, jjama, jjamo, jjamu, jjama (3/178) Second Person si (3/140), jja, jja (3/177) jjasi, jjase jjasi, jjase, (3/178) ha, ittha, dha (3/143, 4/268) jja, jja (3/177) jjaha, jjaittha, jjadha, jjaha, jjaittha, jjadha (3/178, 3/143, 4/268) Third Person i, di (3/139,4/273), nti, nte, ire (3/142), jja, jja (3/177). jjanti, jjante, jjaire, jja, jja (3/177), jjai, jjae, jjai, jjae, (3/178, 3/139) jjanti, jjante, jjaire (3/178, 3/142) Ivanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) 71 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #83
Imperative a-ending Verb (Hasa) First Person Singular Hasamu (3/173), Hasemu (3/158), Hasejja, Hasejja (3/177, 3/159), Plural Hasamo (3/176), Hasemo, (3/158),. Hasejja, Hasejja (3/177, 3/159), Hasejjai, Hasejjai Haseiiai. Haseijai (3/165, 3/159) (3/165, 3/159) Second Person Hasasu (3/173), Hasaha (3/176), Hasahi (3/174), Haseha (3/158), Hasesu, Hasehi (3/158), Hasejja, Hasejja Hasejjasu, Hasejjahi, (3/177, 3/159) Hasejje, Hasa (3/175), Hasejjai, Hasejjai Hasejja, Hasejja (3/165, 3/159) (3/177, 3/159) Hasejjai, Hasejjai (3/165, 3/159) Third Person Hasau (3/173), Haseu (3/158), Hasejja, Hasejja (3/177, 3/159), Hasejjai, Hasejjai (3/165, 3/159) Hasantu (3/176), Hasentu (3/158), Hasejja, Hasejja (3/177, 3/159), Hasejjai, Hasejjai (3/165, 3/159) 72 Advanced Praksta-Apabhraisa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #84
Imperative a-ending Verb - Suffixes Singular Plural First Person mu (3/173,3/158), mo (3/176, 3/158), jja, jja (3/177, 3/159) jja, jja (3/177, 3/159) jjai, jjai (3/165, 3/159) jjai, jjai (3/165, 3/159) Second Person su, hi (3/173, 3/174) ha (3/176, 3/158), 3/158), jja, jja (3/177, 3/159), ijjasu, ijjahi, ijje, '0' ijai, jjai (3/165, 3/159) (zero suffix) (3/175), jja, jja (3/177, 3/159), jjai, jjai (3/165, 3/159) Third Person u (3/173, 3/158) ntu (3/176, 3/158) jja, sja (3/177, 3/159) jja, jja (3/177, 3/159) jjai, jjai (3/165, 3/159) jjai, jjai (3/165, 3/159) Advanced Praksta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #85
Imperative a-ending, o- ending Verbs (Tha and Ho) First Person Singular Plural Thamu (3/173), Thamo (3/176), Thajja, Thajja (3/177), Thajja, Thajja (3/177), Thajjamu, Thajjamu Thajjamo, Thajjamo (3/178, 3/173), (3/178, 3/176) Thajjai, Thajjai (3/165) Thajjai, Thajjai (3/165) Second Person Thasu, Thahi (3/173, 3/174), Thajja, Thajja,(3/177) Thajjasu, Thajjasu Thajjahi, Thajjahi (3/178, 3/173, 3/174), Thajjai, Thajjai (3/165) Thahal3/176), Thajja, Thajja (3/177) Thajjaha, Thajjaha (3/178, 3/176) Thajjai, Thajjai (3/165) Third Person Thau (3/173) Thantu + Thantu (3/176), Thajja, Thajja,(3/177), Thajja, Thajja (3/177), Thajjau, Thajjau . Thajjantu, Thajjantu (3/178), (3/178), Thajjai, Thajjai (3/165) Thajjai, Thajjai (3/165) Note: Similarly 'Ho' can be conjugated 74 Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #86
Imperative a-ending, o- ending Verb - Suffixes Plural First Person mo (3/176), jja, jj, (3/177), Singular mu (3/173), jja, jja (3/177), jjamu, jjamu (3/178, 3/173) jjai, jjai (3/165) jjamo, jjamo (3/178, 3/176), jjai, jjai (3/165) Second Person su, hi (3/173, 3/174), ha (3/176), jja, jja (3/177) jja, jja (3/177), jjasu, jjasu, jjahi, jjahi jjaha, jjaha (3/178, 3/176), (3/178, 3/173, 3/174), jjai, jjai (3/165) jjai, jjai (3/165) Third Person u (3/173) ntu (3/176), jja, jja (3/177) jja, jja (3/177). jjau, jjau (3/178) jjantu, jjantu (3/178), jjai, jjai (3/165) jjai, jjai (3/165) Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) 75 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #87
Past Tense a-ending Verb (Hasa) First Person Second Person Third Person Singular Hasia (3/163) Hasia (3/163) Hasia (3/163) Plural Hasia (3/163) Hasia (3/163) Hasia (3/163) Past Tense a-ending Verb - Suffix... First Person Second Person Third Person Singular la (3/163) la (3/163) ja (3/163) Plural la (3/163) la (3/163) ja (3/163) Past Tense a-ending, o- ending Verb (sha and Ho) Singular Plural First Person Thisi, Thihi, Thahia Thasi, Thahi, Thahia (3/162) (3/162). Second Person Thasi, Thahi, Thahia Thisi, Thihi, Thahia (3/162) (3/162) Third Person Thasi, Thahi, Thahia Thasi, Thahi, Thahia (3/162) (3/162) Note: Similarly aHoa can be conjugated Past Tense a-ending, o- ending Verbs-Suffixes Singular Plural si, hi, hia (3/162) si, hi, hia (3/162) si, hi, hia (3/162) si, hi, hia (3/162) si, hi, hia (3/162) si, hi, hia (3/162) First Person Second Person Third Person 76 Advanced Praksta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-ID For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #88
Future Tense a-ending Verb (Hasa) First Person Singular Hasihimi, Hasissami, Hasihami (3/166, 3/167, 3/141), Hasehimi, Hasehami Hasessami (3/157), Hasissimi (4/275). Hasissam, Hasessam (3/169, 3/157) Plural Hasihimo, Hasihimu, Hasihima, Hasehimo, Hasehimu, Hasehima (3/166, 3/157, 3/144) Hasissamo, Hasissamu, Hasissama, Hasessamo, Hasessamu, Hasessama, Hasihamo, Hasihamu, Hasihama, Hasehamo, Hasehamu, Hasehama (3/167, 3/157, 3/144) Hasissimo, Hasissimu, Hasissima, (4/275) Hasihissa, Hasihittha, Hasehissa, Hasehittha (3/168, 3/157) Second Person Hasihisi, Hasihise, Hasihiha, Hasihittha, Hasehisi, Hasehise Hasehiha, Hasehittha (3/166, 3/157, 3/140), (3/166, 3/157, 3/143) Hasissisi, Hasissise Hasissidha, Hasissiittha, (4/275) Hasissiha (4/275, 4/268) Third Person Hasihii, Hasihie, Hasihinti, Hasihinte, Hasihiire Hasehii, Hasehie Hasehinti, Hasehinte, (3/166, 3/157, 3/139), Hasehiire Hasissidi, Hasisside (3/166, 3/157, 3/142), (4/275, 4/273) Hasissinti, Hasissinte, Hasissiire (4/275) Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) 77 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #89
Future Tense a-ending Verb - Suffixes Singular First Person himi, ssami, hami (3/166, 3/167, 3/157 Plural himo, himu, hima, ssamo, ssamu, ssama, 3/141), hamo, hamu, hama ssimi (4/275), (3/166,3/167,3/157, 3/144) ssam (3/169, 3/157) ssimo, ssimu, ssima (4/275) (complete suffix) hissa, hittha (3/168, 3/157) (complete suffix) hisi, hise, hiha, hittha, (3/166, 3/157, 3/140), (3/166, 3/157, 3/143) ssisi, ssise (4/275) ssidha, ssiittha, ssiha (4/275, 4/268) hii, hie, hinti, hinte, hiire Second Person Third Person (3/166, 3/157, 3/139), (3/166, 3/157, 3/142), ssidi, sside ssinti, ssinte, ssiire (4/275, 4/273) (4/275) First Person Future Tense avending, o* endingVerbs (Tha and Ho) Singular Plural Thahimi (3/166,3/141), Thahimo, Thahimu, Thahima Thassami, Thahami (3/166,3/144), (3/167, 3/141), Thassamo, Thassamu, Thassama Thassimi (4/275), Thahamo, Thahamu, Thahama Thassam (3/169), (3/167, 3/144), Thajja, Thajja (3/177), Thassimo, Thassimu, Thassima Thajjahimi, Thajjahimi, (4/275), Thajjassami, Thajjassami, Thajja, Thajja (3/177) Thajjahami, Thajjahami, Thajjahimo, Thajjahimu, Thajjahima, Thajjassimi, Thajjassimi, Thajjahimo, Thajjahimu, (3/178) Thajjahima 78 Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #90
Thajjassamo, Thajjassamu, Thajjassama, Thajjassamo, Thajjassamu, Thajjassama, Thajjahamo, Thajjahamu, Thajjahama, Thajjahamo, Thajjahamu, Thajjahama, Thajjassimo, Thajjassimu, Thajjassima, Thajjassimo, Thajjassimu, Thajjassima, (3/178), Thahissa, Thihittha (3/168) Second Person Thihisi (3/177, 3/140) Thassisi (4/275), . Thajja, Thajja (3/177), Thajjahisi, Thajjahisi, Thajjahise, Thajjahise, (3/178), Thajjassisi, Thajjassisi, Thajjassise,Thajjassise (4/275) Thihiha, Thahittha(3/166,3/143), Thahidha (3/166, 4/268), Thassiha, Thassiittha, Thassidha (4/275, 3/143, 4/268), Thajja, Thajja (3/177), Thajjahiha, Thajjahittha, Thajjassidha, Thajjahiha, Thajjahittha, Thajjassidha (3/178) Third Person Thahii (3/166, 3/139), Thahinti, Thahinte, Thahire or Thahidi (3/166, 4/273), Thahiire (3/166, 3/142), Thassidi (4/275, 4/273), Thassinti, Thassinte, Thassiire Thajja, Thajja,(3/177), (4/275, 3/142), Thajjahii, Thajjahii, Thajja, Thajja,(3/177), * Thajjahie, Thajjahie, Thajjahinti, Thajjahinti, . Thajjassidi, Thajjassidi, Thajjahinte, Thajjahinte, (3/178) Thajjahiire, Thajjahiire, Thajjassinti, Thajjassinti, Thajjassinte, Thajjassinte, Thajjassiire, Thajjassiire (3/178) woul, Note: Similarly 'Ho' can be conjugated Advanced Praksta-Apabhrainsa-Grammar (Part-II) 79 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #91
First Person Second Person Third Person 80 Future Tense a-ending, o- ending Verb-Suffixes Singular himi, ssami, hami (3/166,3/167,3/141), ssimi (4/275), ssam (3/169) jja, jja (3/177), jjahimi, jjahimi, jjassami, jjassami, jjahami, jjahami, jjassimi, jjassimi, (3/178) hisi (3/177, 3/140), ssisi (4/275), jja, jja (3/177), jjahisi, jjahisi (3/178) jjassisi, jjassisi, jjassise, jjassise (4/275) hii (3/166, 3/139), hidi (3/166, 4/273), ssidi (4/275, 4/273) jja, jja (3/177), jjahii, jjahii, jjahie, jjahie, jjassidi, jjassidi, (3/178) Plural himo, himu, hima (3/166, 3/144) ssamo, ssamu, ssama, hamo, hamu, hama(3/167, 3/144) ssimo, ssimu, ssima (4/275), jja, jja (3/177), jjahimo, jjahimu, jjahima, jjahimo, jjahimu, jjahima, jjassamo, jjassamu, jjassama, jjassamo, jjassamu, jjassama, jjahamo, jjahamu, jjahama, jjahamo, jjahamu, jjahama, jjassimo, jjassimu, jjassima, jjassimo, jjassimu, jjassima (3/178) hissa, hittha (3/168) hiha, hittha, (3/166, 3/143), hidha (3/166, 4/268) ssiha, ssiittha, ssidha (4/275, 3/143, 4/268), jja, jja (3/177), jjahiha, jjahittha, jjassidha, jjahiha, jjahittha, jjassidha(3/178) hinti, hinte, hire or hiire (3/166, 3/142), ssinti, ssinte, ssiire (4/275, 3/142) jja, jja (3/177), jjahinti, jjahinti, jjahinte, jjahinte, jjahiire, jjahiire, jjassinti, jjassinti, jjassinte, jjassinte, jjassiire, jjassiire (3/178) Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #92
Conditional a-ending, a-ending, o- ending Verbs First Person Singular Hasejja, Hasejja, (3/179, 3/159) Hasanta, Hasamana (3/180) Plural Hasejja, Hasejja, (3/179, 3/159) Hasanta, Hasamana (3/180) Second Person Hasejja, Hasejja, (3/179, 3/159) Hasanta, Hasamana (3/180) Hasejja, Hasejja, (3/179, 3/159) Hasanta, Hasamana (3/180) Third Person Hasejja, Hasejja, (3/179, 3/159) Hasanta, Hasamana (3/180) Hasejja, Hasejja, (3/179, 3/159) Hasanta, Hasamana (3/180) Conditional a-ending, a-ending, o- ending Verb-Suffixes First Person Singular jja, jja, (3/179, 3/159) nta, mana (3/180) * Plural jja, jja, (3/179, 3/159) nta, mana (3/180) Second Person jja, jja, (3./179, 3/159) nta, mana (3/180) jja, jja, (3/179, 3/159) nta, mana (3/180) :: Third Person (3/179, 3/159) nta, mana (3/180) jja, jja, (3/179, 3/159) nta, mana (3/180) Advanced Praksta-Apabhraisa-Grammar (Part-II) 81 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #93
(ii) Conjugation of Verbs in Apabhramsa For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #94
Present Tense a-ending Verb (Hasa) Singular Plural First Person Hasaum (4/385), Hasahum (4/386), Hasami (3/141), Hasamo, Hasamu, Hasama Hasami (3/154), (3/144) Hasemi (3/158) Second Person Hasahi (4/383), Hasahu (4/384), Hasasi, Hasase (3/140) Hasaha, Hasittha (3/143) Third Person Hasai, Hasae (3/139), Hasahim (4/382), Hasei (3/158) Hasanti, Hasante, Hasire (3/142) Present Tense a-ending Verb-Suffixes) First Person Second Person Singular Plural um (4/385), hum (4/386), mi (3/141,3/154,3/158) mo, mu, ma (3/144) hi (4/3835, hu (4/384), si, se (3/140) ha, ittha (3/143) i, e (3/139, 3/158) him (4/382), nti, nte, ire (3/142) Third Person Present Tense * a ending, o- ending Verbs (Tha and Ho) Singular Plural First Person Thaum (4/385), Thahum (4/386), Thami (3/141) Thamo, Thamu, Thama (3/144), Second Person Thahi (4/383), Thahu (4/384), Thasi (3/140) Thaha, Thaitthal3/143) Third Person Thai (3/139) Thahim (4/382), ThantiThanti, Thante + Thante, Thaire (3/142) Note: Similarly'Ho' can be conjugated Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-ID 83 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #95
Present Tense a-ending, o- ending Verb-Suffixes First Person Singular : um (4/385), mi (3/141) Plural hum (4/386), mo, mu, ma (3/144) Second Person hi (4/383), si (3/140) hu (4/384), ha, ittha (3/143) Third Person i (3/139) him (4/382), nti, nte, ire (3/142) Imperative a-ending Verb (Hasa) First Person Singular Hasamu (3/173), Hasemu (3/158) Plural Hasamo (3/176), Hasemo, (3/158) Second Person Hasaha (3/176), Hasi, Hasu, Hase, (4/387) Hasahi, Hasasu, Hasa (3/173, 3/174) Haseha (3/158) Third Person Hasau (3/173), Haseu (3/158) Hasantu (3/176), Hasentu (3/158) Imperative a-ending Verb-Suffixes) First Person Singular mu (3/173) Plural mo (3/176, 3/158) Second Person i, u, e (4/387) ha (3/176, 3/158) hi, su, zero (3/173, 3/174) Third Person u (3/173, 3/158) ntu (3/176, 3/158) 84 Advanced Praksta-Apabhrarsa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #96
Imperative a-ending, o-ending Verbs (Tha and Ho) Singular Thamu (3/173) Plural Thamo (3/176) First Person Second Person Thai, Thau, Thie (4/387), Thaha(3/176) Thihi, Thisu (3/173, 3/174) Third Person Thau (3/173) Thantu + Thantu (3/176) Note: Similarly 'Ho'can be conjugated Imperative a-ending, o-ending Verb-Suffixes Singular mu (3/173) Plural mo (3/176) First Person Second Person i, u, e (4/387) hi, su (3/173, 3/174) ha (3/176) Third Person u (3/173) ntu (3/176) Future Tense a-ending Verb (Hasa) : First Person Singular Plural Hasisaur, Hasesaur Hasisahum, Hasesahum (4/388), (4/388), Hasihimi, Hasehimi (3/157) Hasihimo, Hasihimu, Hasihima, Hasehimo, Hasehimu, Hasehima (3/157) Second Person Hasisahi, Hasesahi (4/388), Hasisahu, Hasesahu(4/388), Hasihisi, Hasihise, Hasihiha, Hasihittha, Hasehisi, Hasehise (3/157) Hasehiha, Hasehittha(3/157) Third Person Hasisai, Hasesai, Hasisahim, Hasesahim(4/388), Hasisae, Hasesae (4/388), Hasihinti, Hasihinte, Hasihiire Hasihii, Hasihie, Hasehii, Hasehinti, Hasehinte, Hasehiire Hasehie (3/157) (3/157) Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) 85 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #97
Future Tense a-ending Verb-Suffixes) * First Person Singular saum (4/388), himi (3/157) Plural sahur (4/388), himo, himu, hima (3/157) Second Person sahi (4/388), hisi, hise (3/157) sahu (4/388), hiha, hitthal3/157) Third Person sai, sae (4/388), hii, hie (3/157) sahim (4/388), hinti, hinte, hiire (3/157) Future Tense a-ending, o- ending Verbs (Tha and Ho) First Person Singular Thasaum, Thasami (4/388,4/385), Thahium, Thahimi (3/166,47385, 3/141) Plural Thasahum, Thasamo, Thasamu, Thasama (4/388,4/386,3/144); Thahihus, Thahimo, Thahimu, Thahima (3/166,47386,3/144) Second Person Thasahi, Thasasi Thisahu, Thisaha, Thisaitha (4/388,4/384,3/140) (4/388,4/384,3/143) Thahihi, Thahisi Thihihu, Thihiha, Thihittha (3/166,4/384,3/140) (3/166, 4/384,3/143) Third Person Thasai (4/388), Thahii (3/166, 3/139) Thisahin, Thisanti, Thasante, Thasaire (4/388, 4/382, 3/142) Thihihim, Thahinti,Thahinte, Thahiire (3/166, 4/382, 3/142) Note: Similarly 'Ho'can be conjugated 86 Advanced Prakta-Apabhraisa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #98
First Person Second Person hird Person Future Tense a-ending, o- ending Verb-Suffixes) Singular saum, sami (4/388,4/385), hium, himi (3/166,4/385, 3/141) sahi, sasi (4/388,4/384,3/140) hihi, hisi (3/166,4/384,3/140) sai (4/388), hii (3/166, 3/139) vanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) Plural sahum, samo, samu, sama (4/388,4/386,3/144), hihum, himo, himu, hima (3/166,4/386,3/144) sahu, saha, saittha (4/388,4/384,3/143) hihu, hiha, hittha (3/166, 4/384,3/143) sahim, santi, sante, saire (4/388, 4/382, 3/142) hihim, hinti, hinte, hiire (3/166, 4/382, 3/142) For Personal & Private Use Only 87

Page #99
Appendix - 2 Rules of Combination utilised in the Sutras For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #100
Vowel Combination 1. If after i, u and l there are different Vowels like a,a,e, etc. then there occurs 'y'in place of "i', 'v'in place of'u' and 'r'in place of r. Ti + Adinam = Tyadinam (Sutra-3/139,3/148) Bahusu + Adyasya - Bahusvadyasya (Sutra-3/142) ljjasu + ljjahi : ljjasvijjahi (Sutra-3/175) Guru + Adeh - Gurvadeh (Sutra-3/150) Sats + Anasah * Satanasah (Sutra-3/181) 2. If after a and a there exists i or e, then there occurs 'e' and 'ai' in place of both. Adyasya+lc - Adyasyec (Sutra-3/139) Madhyamasya+Ittha: Madhyamasyettha (Sutra-3/143) Eva + Ec * Evaic (Sutra-3/145) If after a and a there is a or a, then there occurs 'a' in their place and if after i and i there is iori, then there occurs 'i' in their place. Ava + Ave Avave (Sutra-3/149) : ljjahi + ljje = ljjahijje (Sutra-3/175) Sina + Asteh Sinasteh (Sutra-3/146) Tena + Asteh * Tenasteh (Sutra-3/164) Consonant Combination 4. if If after 't' there are a, i and e then there occurs 'd' in place of 't'and if after 'k'there is a, then there occurs 'g'in place of 'k. Nerat + Et Neradet + Ava . Neradet (Sutra-3/149) - Neradedava (Sutra-3/149) Advanced Praksta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #101
Vyanjanat + la Luk + Avi * Vyanjanadia (Sutra-3/163) * Lugavi (Sutra-3/152) 5 If after 't' there is 'ca', then 't' becomes c'also. It + Ca Icca (Sutra-3/155) Et + Ca : Ecca (Sutra-3/157) If at the end of a word there is 'm'and after 'm' there is some Consonant, then 'm' changes into anusvaral - ).. Manam + Hissa : Manam Hissa (Sutra-3/168) If after ta' there is 'la', then 't' becomes 'l' also. Adet + Luki Adelluki (Sutra-3/153) If at the end of a word there is 'n', then 'n' becomes 's' and after the conversion of 'n' into 's' there occurs anusvara ( - )after that. Ekasmin + Trayanam - Ekasminstrayanam (Sutra-3/173) Visarga Combination 9. If before the visarga, there exist vowels like i, e and o and there does not exist a or a, and after the visarga there exist vowels like a, etc. or consonants like m, v, h, etc. then the visarga changes into'r'. Neh+ At = Nerat (Sutra-3/149) Bhrameh + Adah : Bhrameradah (Sutra-3/151) Maih+ Mhi = Mai Rmhi (Sutra-3/147) Avih+ Va * Avirva (Sutra-3/150) Soh+ Hi * Sorhi (Sutra-3/174) Asten+Asi * Asterasi (Sutra-3/164) Gameh+ Eppinu = Gamereppinu (Sutra-4/442) 90 Advanced Prakrta-Apabhraisa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #102
10. 11. 12. If before the visarga, there is a or a, and if after the visarga there are some vowels or v, bh, m, j, etc., then visarga disappears. Atah + Evaic Mhah+ Va Saptamyah+ I Hiah+ Bhutarthasya = Hah+ Mo Jjah+ Jja = Ktvah+ Tum Atthih+Ti Bhavisyantyoh+ Ca = = Saptamya I (Sutra-3/165) Hia Bhutarthasya (Sutra-3/162) Ha Mo (Sutra-3/176) == Jja Jja (Sutra-3/177) = If before the visarga, there is a and if after the visarga there are v, d, etc., then a and visarga jointly become 'o'. Adah + Va Ado Va (Sutra-3/151) Atah + Desca = Ato Desca (Sutra-3/274) = If after the visarga there is 't' then there occurs 's' in place of the visarga and if there is 'c', then there occurs 's' in place of the visarga. Ata Evaic (Sutra-3/145) Mha Va (Sutra-3/147) = = = Ktvastum (Sutra-2/146) Atthisti (Sutra-3/148) Bhavisyantyosca (Sutra-3/177) Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only 91

Page #103

Page #104
Appendix - 3 Summary of the Grammatical analysis of Sutras For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #105
Sutra Serial Number Sutra Number Combination rule (1) (2) (3) (4) 1. 3/139 1,2 Tyadinamadyatrayasya dyasyececau [(Ti)+(Adinam)+(Adyatrayasya)+ (Adyasya)+(Ic)+(Ecau)] 2. 3/140 Dvitiyasya Si Se. 3. 3/141 Trtiyasya Mih 1 : 3/142 Bahusvadyasya Nti Nte Ire [(Bahusu)+(Adyasya)] 5. 3/143 Madhyamasyettha-Hacau [(Madhyamasya)+(Ittha)] 6. 3/144 Trtiyasya-Mo-Mu-Mah Advanced Prakrta- Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #106
Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra (5) Ti Adinam Adyatrayasya Adyasya Ic Ecau Dvitiyasya Si Se Trtiyasya Mih Bahusu Adyasya Nti Nte Ire Ittha Hacau Trtiyasya Mo Mu Mah Original Word Declension (6) (Ti) (Adi) 6/3 (Adyatraya) 6/1 (Adya) 6/1 (Ic) (Ec)1/2 (Dvitiya) 6/1 (Si) 1/1 (Se) 1/1 Madhyamasya (Madhyama) 6/1 (Ittha) (Hac) 1/2 (Trtiya)6/1 (Mi) 1/1. (Bahu) 7/3 (Adya) 6/1 (Nti) 1/1 (Nte) 1/1 (Ire) 1/1 (Trtiya) 6/1 (Mo) (Mu) (Ma) 1/3 Advanced Prakrta- Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part - II) Following the Declinable word (7) Hari Rama Rama Bhubhrt Rama Following the tradition Following the tradition Rama Hari Guru Rama Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Rama Bhubhrt Rama Rama For Personal & Private Use Only 95

Page #107
Serial Number (1) 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 96 Sutra Number (2) 3/145 3/146 3/147 3/148 3/149 Sutra (3) Ata Evaic Se [(Atah)+(Eva)+(Ec)] Sinasteh Sih [(Sina)+(Asteh)] Mi-Mo-Mai-Rmhi Mho-Mha Va [(Maih)+(Mhi)] [(Mhah)+(Va)] Atthistyadina [(Atthih)+(Ti)+(Adina)] Neradedavave [(Neh) + (At)+(Et)+ (Ava)+ (Ave)] Combination For Personal & Private Use Only rule (4) 10,2 9,10 12,1 9,4,3 Advanced Prakrta- Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part - II)

Page #108
Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra (5) Original Word Declension Following the Declinable word (6) (7) Bhubhrt Atah Eva Ec Se (At) 5/1 (Eva) (Ec) (Se) 1/1 Bhubhrt Following the tradition Hari Sina Asteh Sih (Si) 3/1 (Asti)6/1 (Si) 1/1 Hari Hari Rama Mi Mo Maih Mhi Mho Mhah (Mi) (Mo) (Ma)3/3 (Mhi). (Mho) (Mha) 1/3 Rama Va (Va) Hari Atthih Ti Adina (Atthi) 1/1 (Ti) (Adi) 3/1 Hari Neh Hari At Et : (Ni) 6/1 (At) (Et) (Ava) (Ave) 1/1 Ava Ave . Following the tradition Advanced Prakrta - Apabhramba-Grammar (Part - II) 97 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #109
Sutra Serial Number Sutra Number Combination rule (1) (2) (3) 12. 3/150 Gurvaderavirva [(Guru)+(Adeh)+(Avin)+(Va)] 13. 3/151 Bhrame Rado Va [(Bhrameh)+(Adah)+(Va)] 14. 3/152 Lugavi-Kta-Bhava-Karmasu [(Luk)+(Avi)] : 4 15. 4,7,1,9,10 3/153 Adellukyaderata Ah [(At) + (Et) + (Luki)+ (Adeh)+(Atah)+(Ah)] 16. 3/154 Mau Va 17. 3/155 5 Icca Mo-Mu-Me Va [(lt) + (Ca) 98 Advanced Praksta- Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #110
Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra (5) Guru Adeh Avih Va Bhrameh Adah Va Luk Avi Kta Bhava Karmasu At Et Luki Adeh Atah Ah Mau Va Original Word Declension (6) (Guru) (Adi) 5/1 (Avi) 1/1 (Va) (Bhrami)5/1 (Ada) 1/1 (Va) (Luk) (Avi) 1/2 (Kta) (Bhava) (Karma)7/3 (At) (Et) (Luk) 7/1 (Adi) 6/1 (At) 6/1. (A)1/1 (Mi) 7/1 (Va) (It) 1/1 (Ca) (Mo) (Mu) (Ma) 7/1 (Va) Ca Mo Mu Me Va Advanced Prakrta- Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part - II) Following the Declinable word (7) Hari Hari Mati Rama Hari Karman Bhubhrt Hari Bhubhrt Gopa Hari Bhubhrt Rama For Personal & Private Use Only 99

Page #111
Sutra Serial Number Sutra Number Combination rule (1) (2) (3) (4) 18. 3/156 Kte 19. 3/157 Ecca Ktva-Tum-Tavya. Bhavisyatsu [(Et)+(Ca)] 20..3/158 Vartamana-PancamiSatrsu Va 21. 3/159 Jja- Jje 22. 3/160 ia - Ijjau Kyasya 23. 3/162 10 Si - Hi Hia Bhutarthasya [(Hiah) +(Bhutarthasya)] 24. 3/163 4 Vyanjanadiah [(Vyanjanat)+ (lah)] 100 Advanced Prakrta- Apabhraisa-Grammar (Part - II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #112
Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra (5) Kte Et Ca Ktva Tum Tavya Bhavisyatsu Vartamana Pancami Satrsu Va tsh Jja Jje Ia Ijjau Kyasya Si Hi Hiah Bhutarthasya Vyanjanat lah Original Word Declension (6) (Kta) 7/1 (Et) 1/1 (Ca) (Ktva) (Tum) (Tavya) (Bhavisyat) 7/3 (Vartamana) (Pancami) (Satr) 7/3 (Va) (Jja) (Jja) 7/1 (la) (Ijja) 1/2 (Kya) 6/1 (Si) 1/1 (Hi) 1/1 (Hia) 1/1 (Bhutartha) 6/1 (Vyanjana) 5/1 (la) 1/1 Advanced Prakrta- Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part II) Following the Declinable word (7) Rama Bhubhrt Bhubhrt Pitr Rama Rama Rama Nadi Nadi Rama Rama Rama Rama For Personal & Private Use Only 101

Page #113
Sutra Serial Sutra Number Number Combination rule (1) (2) (3) 25. 3/164 3,9,1 Tenasterasyahesi [(Tena) + (Asteh) + (Asi)+ (Ahesi) ] 26. 3/165 Jjat Saptamya Irva [(Jjat)-(Saptamyah)+' (Ih)+(Va)} 27. 3/166 Bhavisyati Hiradih [(Hih) + (Adin)] 28. 3/167 Mi-Mo-Mu-Me-Ssa Ha Na Va 29. 3/168 Mo-Mu-Manam Hissa Hittha [(Manam) + (Hissa)] 102 Advanced Prakrta- Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #114
Original Word Declension Following the Declinable word Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra (5) (6) (7) Tena Asteh Asi Ahesi (Ta) 3/1 (Asti) 6/1 (Asi) 1/1 (Ahesi) 1/1 Rama Hari Vari Nadi Jjat Saptamyah (Jja)5/1 (Saptami) 5/1 (I) 1/1 (Va) Rama Stri Hari Va Bhavisyati Hih Adih (Bhavisyat) 7/1 (Hi) 1/1 (Adi) 1/1 Bhubhrt Hari Hari Mi Mo Mu Me Rama (Mi) (Mo) (Mu) (Ma) 7/1 (Ssa) 1/1 (Ha) 1/1 (Na). (Va) Ssa Na Lata Lata Na Va. Mo Mu Manam Hissa Hittha (Mo) (Mu) (Ma) 6/3 (Hissa) 1/1 (Hittha) 1/1 Rama Lata Lata Advanced Prakrta- Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part - ID 103 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #115
Serial Number (1) 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 104 Sutra Number (2) 3/169 3/173 3/174 3/175 3/176 Sutra (3) Meh Ssam Sorhirva [(Soh) + (Hih) + (Va) Ata Ijjasvijjahijje Luko Va Du Su Mu Vidhyadisvekasmim- 1,8 strayanam [(Vidhi) + (Adisu) + (Ekasmin) + (Trayanam)] [(Atah) + (Ijjasu) + (Ijjahi) (Ijje) + (Lukah) + (Va)] Bahusu Ntu Ha Mo [(Hah) + (Mo)] Combination rule For Personal & Private Use Only (4) 10, 1, 3, 11. 10 Advanced Prakrta- Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part II)

Page #116
Original Word Declension Following the Declinable word Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra (5) (6) (7) Meh Ssam (Mi) 6/1 (Ssam)1/1 Hari Following the tradition Du Su Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Mu Vidhi Adinu Ekasmin Trayanam (Du) 1/1 (Su)1/1 (Mu) 1/1 (Vidhi) (Adi) 7/3 (Eka) 7/1 (Traya) 6/3 Hari Eka Rama Soh . (Su) 6/1 (Hi) 1/1 (Va) Guru Hari Hih Va Bhubhrt Atah Ijjasu Ijjahi (At)5/1 (Ijjasu) (ljjahi) (Ijje) (Luk) 1/3 (Va). ljje Lukah Bhubhrt Va Bahusu Ntu . Hah Mo. (Bahu) 7/3 (Ntu) 1/1 (Ha) 1/1 (Mo)1/1 Guru Following the tradition Rama Following the tradition Advanced Praksta- Apabhrarsa-Grammar (Part - II 105 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #117
Sutra Serial Number Sutra Number Combination rule (1) (2) (3) (4) 35. 3/177 Vartamana-Bhavisyantyosca 1 2,10 Jja Jja Va [(Bhavisyantyoh) + (Ca)] [( Jjah) + (Jja)] 36. 3/178 4 Madhye Ca Svarantadva [(Svarantat) + (Va)] 37. 3/179 Kriyatipatteh 38. 3/180 Nta- Manau 39. 3/181 Stranasah [(Saty) + (Anasah)] 40. 3/182 i Ca Striyam 106 Advanced Praksta- Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part - II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #118
Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra (5) Original Word Declension Following the Declinable word (6) (7) Hari Vartamana (Vartamana) Bhavisyantyoh (Bhavisyanti) 7/2 Sa (Ca) Jjah (Jja) 1/1 Jja (Jja) 1/1 Rama Lata Va (Va) Madhye Rama Ca Svarantat Va (Madhya) 7/1 (Ca) (Svaranta)5/1 (Va) Rama Kriyatipatteh (Kriyatipatti) 6/1 Hari Nta ... Manau (Nta) (Mana) 1/2 Rama Saty : Anasah (Sats) (Anas) 6/1 Bhubhrt Nadi sa - (I) 1/1 (Ca) (Stri) 7/1 Striyam Stri Advanced Prakrta - Apabhraisa-Grammar (Part - II) 107 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #119
Sutra Serial Number Sutra Number Combination rule (2) (3) (4) (1) 41. 2/146 Ktvastumattuna.Tuanah [(Ktvah) + (Tum)+ (At )+ (Tuna)] Sauraseni Praksta: Verb and Participle Sutras 42. * 4/268 Iha-Hacorhasya [(Hacoh) + (Hasya )] 43. 4/271 Ktva lya-Dunau, [(Ktvah) + (lya)] 44. 4/273 Diric [(Dih) + (Ic)+ (Ecoh)] 45. 4/274 11,12 Ato Desca [(Atah) + (Deh)+ (Ca)] 46. 4/275 Bhavisyati Ssih 108 Advanced Prakrta- Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part - II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #120
Original Word Declension Following the Declinable word Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra (5) (6) (7) Ktvah Gopa Tum At Tuna Tuanah (Ktva) 6/1 (Tum) (At) (Tuna) (Tuana) 1/3 Rama Iha Hacoh Hasya (Iha) (Hac) 6/2 (Ha)6/1 . Bhubhrt Rama Gopa Ktvah lya Dunau (Ktva) 6/1 (lya) (Duna) 1/2 Rama Hari Dih Ic Ecoh : (Di) 1/1 (lc) (Ec)6/2 Bhubhrt :: Atah Deh (At)5/1 (De) 1/1 (Ca) Bhubhrt Following the tradition Bhavisyati Ssih (Bhavisyat) 7/1. (Ssi) 1/1 Bhubhrt Hari Advanced Prakrta- Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part - II) 109 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #121
Serial Number (1) Sutra Number 47. 4/382 49. (2) Apabhramsa: Verb and Participle Sutras 48. 4/383 51. 110 50. 4/385 4/384 4/386 Sutra (3) Madhya-Trayasyadyasya Hih [(Trayasya) + (Adyasya)] Bahutve Huh Combination Tyaderadya-Trayasya Bahutve 1,9 Him Na Va [(Ti) + (Adeh) + (Adya)] Antya-Trayasyadyasya Um [(Trayasya) + (Adyasya)] Bahutve Hum rule For Personal & Private Use Only (4) Advanced Prakrta- Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part - II)

Page #122
Original Word Declension Following the Declinable word Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra (5) (6) (7) Ti Adeh Hari Rama Adya Trayasya Bahutve Him Na (Ti) (Adi)6/1 (Adya) (Traya) 6/1 (Bahutva) 7/1 (Him) 1/1 (Na) (Va) Rama Following the tradition Va Madhya Trayasya Rama (Madhya) (Traya) 6/1 (Adya) 6/1 (Hi) 1/1 Adyasya Rama Hari Hih Bahutve Huh (Bahutva) 7/1 (Hu) 1/1 Rama Guru Antya Trayasya Adyasya Um (Antya) (Traya) 6/1 (Adya) 6/1 (Um) 1/1 Rama Rama Following the tradition Bahutve Hum (Bahutva) 7/1 (Hum) 1/1 Rama Following the tradition Advanced Prakrta- Apabhraisa-Grammar (Part - II) 111 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #123
Sutra Serial Number Sutra Number Combination . rule (1) (2) (3) (4) 52. 4/387 Hi-Svayoridudet [(Svayoh) + (It) + (Ut) + (Et)] 53. 4/388 Vatsaryati-Syasya Sah 54. 4/438 Tavyasya levvaum Evvaum Eva 5 5. 10 4/439 Ktva l-lu-lvi-Av [(Ktvah) + (1)] 56. 4/440 Eppyeppinvevyevinavah 1. [(Eppi) + (Eppinu) + (Evi) + (Evinavah)] 112 Advanced Prakrta- Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #124
Original Word Declension Following the Declinable word Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra (5) (6) (7) Hi Svayoh (Hi) (Sva) 6/2 (lt) 1/1 (Ut) 1/1 (Et) 1/1 Rama Bhubhrt Bhubhrt Bhubhrt Ut Vatsaryati Syasya Sah (Vatsaryat) 7/1 (Sya) 6/1 (Sa) 1/1 Bhubht Rama Rama Tavyasya levvaun Evvaum (Tavya) 6/1 (levvaum) 1/1 (Evvaus) 1/1 ( Eva) 1/1 Rama Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Eva Ktvah (Ktva) 6/1 Gopa (1) . lu . Ivi Avayah (lu) (lvi) (Avi) 1/3 Hari Eppi Eppinu Evi .. Evinavah (Eppi) (Eppinu) (Evi) (Evinu) 1/3 Guru Advanced Prakrta- Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) 113 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #125
Sutra Serial Number Sutra Number Combination rule (1) (2) (3) (4) 57. 4/441 Tuma Evamananahamanahim 10,3 Ca [(Tumah) + (Evam) + (Ana) + (Anaham) + (Anahim)] 58. 4/442 Gamereppinveppyorerlug 9,1,4 Va [(Gameh) + (Eppinu) + (Eppyoh) + (Eh) + (Luk)+ (Va)] 114 Advanced Prakrta - Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #126
Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra Original Word Declension Following the Declinable word (5) (6) (7) Tumah Evam Ana Anaham Anahim Ca (Tum) 6/1 (Evam)1/1 (Ana) 1/1. (Anaham) 1/1 (Anahim) 1/1: (Ca) Bhubhrt Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Hari Gameh Eppinu Eppyoh (Gami) 5/1 (Eppinu) (Eppi) 7/2 (E) 6/1 (Luk) 1/1 (Va) Eh Hari Following the tradition Bhubhrt Luk Va Advanced Prakrta- Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part - II) 115 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #127
Bhaga 1-2 1. Hemacandra Prakrta Vyakarana : Vyakhyata Sri Pyara Candaji Maharaja (Sri Jaina Divakara Divya Jyoti Karyalaya, Mevadi Bajara, Byavara) Reference Books 2. Prakrta Bhasaom Ka Vyakarana 3. Abhinava Prakrta Vyakarana 4. Prakrta Margopadesika 5. Praudha Racananuvada Kaumudi 6. Paia-Sadda-Mahannavo 7. Apabhramsa-Hindi Kosa, Bhaga 1-2 8. Apabhramsa of Hemacandra 116 : Dr. R. Pischel (Bihara Rastrabhasa Parisad, Patana) : Dr. Nemicandra Sastri (Tara Pablikesana, Varanasi) : Pam. Becaradas Jivaraja Dosi (Motilala Banarasidasa, Delhi) : Dr. Kapiladeva Dvivedi (Visvavidyalaya, Prakasana, Varanasi) : Pam. Haragovindadasa Trikamacanda Setha (Prakrta Grantha Parisad, Varanasi) : Dr. Naresa Kumara (Indo-Vijana Pra. Lt.) II A, 220, Nehru Nagar, Gajiyabada) : Dr. Kantilala Baladevarama Vyasa (Prakrta Text Society, Ahmedabad) Advanced Prakrta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #128
9. Introduction of Ardha Magadhi 10. Katantra Vyakarana : A. M. Ghataga (School and College Book Stall, Kolhapur) : Ganini Aryika Ganamati (Digambara Jaina Triloka Sodha Samsathana, Hastinapur, Meerut) : Dr. Nemichandra Sastri (Caukhambha Vidyabhavan, Varanasi - 1) 11. Praksta-Prabodha 12. Vrhad Anuvada-Candrika : Cakradhara Nautiyala 'Hamsa' (Motilala Pheja - 1. Delhi) Advanced Prakrta-Apabhraisa-Grammar (Part-II) 117 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #129

Page #130