Advanced Prakrit Grammar Part 2

Author(s): Kamalchand Sogani, Shakuntala Jain
Publisher: Apbhramsa Sahitya Academy
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/006534/1

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Advanced Präkşta-Apabhraṁsa-Grammar
(Part-II)
Dr. Kamal Chand Sogani Smt. Shakuntala Jain
पाणुज्जीवो जोवो जैनविद्या संस्थान श्री महावीरजी
Apabhraíśa Sahitya Academy
Jaina Vidya Saṁsthāna Digambara Jaina Atiśaya Kșetra Śrī Mahāvīraji
Rajasthan ate Use Only

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Advanced Prākṣta-Apabhramsa-Grammar [English Translation of Prauậha Prákệta. Apabhramsa
Grammar' Part-II )
Dr. Kamal Chand Sogani
Director Smt. Shakuntala Jain
Assistant Director Apabhraísa Sahitya Academy
Jaipur
णाणुज्जाबो जीत जैनविद्या संस्थान श्री महावीरजी
Published by Apabhraíśa Sahitya Academy
Jaina Vidya Samsthāna Digambara Jaina Atiśaya Kșetra Śri Mahāvīraji
Rajasthan

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Publisher:
Apabhramsa Sahitya Academy
(Jaina Vidya Samsthāna)
Digambara Jaina Atiśaya Kṣetra Śri Mahāviraji Śri Mahāviraji - 322 220 (Rajasthan)
Copies From :
1.
2.
Jaina Vidya Samsthāna
Śrī Mahāviraji - 322 220 (Rajasthan) Telephone: 07469-2224323 Sahitya Vikraya Kendra
Digambara Jaina Nasiyam Bhaṭṭārakaji Savāi Rāmasimha Road, Jaipur 302 004 Tel.: 0141-2385247
All rights reserved
First Edition : 2010
Price: Rs.500/
Computer Typesetting : Shyam Agarwal
A-336, Malviya Nagar,
Jaipur 302 017 (Rajasthan) Ph.: 9887223674
Printed at:
Jaipur Printers Pvt. Ltd.
M.I. Road, Jaipur - 302 001
Telephone: 0141-2373822, 2362468

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Table of Contents Analysis of Sutras
Page No.
Subject Prelude Dedication Introduction
Lesson -1 Verb-Sūtras : An Introduction
Section - 1 (i) Prákyta : Verbs and Participles
3/139 to 3/182 , 2/146 (ii) Sauraseni Prāksta : Verbs and Participles 50
4/268, 4/271, 4/273 to 4/275 (iii) Apabhramśa : Verbs and Participles 56
4/382 to 4/388,4/438 to 4/442
Appendix-1 (i) Conjugation of Verbs in Prāksta
(ii) Conjugation of Verbs in Apabhraíśa
67 82
Appendix-2
88
Rules of Combination utilised in the Sūtras
Appendix-3
93
Summary of the Grammatical analysis of Sūtras
Reference Books
116

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Diacritical Marks
Vowels
अ
आ
इ
ई
उ u
ऊ ū
ए e
ऐ ai
ओ o
औ au
a
Consonants
is
5.
5
ni od
5
ao lewy o war is
#
3
o
o
I w
(Visarga)
. (Anusvāra) m . .
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Prelude
We feel great pleasure in placing the book 'Advanced Praksta- Apabhraíśa Grammar' Part-II in the hands of the readers. This book is an improved English translation of the first edition of the Hindi work ‘Praudha Praksta-ApabhraíśaRacană Saurabha’ Part-Il published in 2002 by the Apabhraíśa Sāhitya Academy, Jaipur.
It goes without saying that Prāksta language is one of the richest Indo-Aryan languages. It is an ancient and sacred language of India.
Even the national language Hindi owes its origin to the Prākşta and Apabhramśa languages. Most of the literary tendencies in Hindi literature flow from the glorious traditions of Prākrta and Apabhraíśa. Thus the relation between Prāksta-Apabhraíśa and Hindi is very intimate. In consequence, the proper understanding of Prākrta and Apabhraíśa language and literature is indispensible for comprehending the development of Indian literature rightly and adequately.
It is of capital importance to note that Prākşta is the language of the masses. Its vast literature in varied literary forms contributes to the dignity and excellence of the cultural heritage of Indian tradition.
Recognising the importance of Prāksta and Apabhrassa language in the cultural history of India, the Managing Committee of Digambara Jaina Atiśaya Kșetra, Śri Mahäviraji
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established Apabhraíśa Sāhitya Academy in 1988, which runs correspondence courses for teaching Prāksta and Apabhraíśa languages. The Academy has published books for the implementation of these courses. Such books as the Apabhramśa Grammar and Composition(2005), Praksta Grammar and Composition(2006), Prakrta Exercise book(2006), Apabhraíśa Exercise book (2006), Prāksta Prose and Verse Part-1 (2008) and Advanced Praksta Grammar Part-1 (2009) have been published for those desirous of learning Prākşta and Apabhraíśa language through an English medium. For the purpose of teaching Prāksta and Apabhramśa, our new publication, Advanced Praksta-Apabhraíśa Grammar Part-II will facilitate the learning of Prāksta-Apabhraíśa to the students of the English language.
We offer our thanks to the learned researchers of the Saṁsthāna (Institute) especially to Smt. Shakuntala Jain, who has assisted us in preparing the translation of this book. We would also like to thank Smt. Lynna Dhanani from the United States for taking the trouble of going through the manuscript and making important suggestions. We also offer our thanks to M/s Jaipur Printers Pvt. Ltd. for organising the publication of this book.
Naresh Kumar Sethi Prakash Chand Jain Dr. Kamal Chand Sogani President
Secretary
Saṁyojaka Managing Committee
Jaina Vidya Samsthāna Samiti Digambara Jaina Atiśaya Kșetra
Jaipur Sri Mahaviraji
28th March 2010
viii
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Dedicated
To Late Smt. Kamla Sogani

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Lesson 1
Verb-Sūtras: An introduction Analysis of Sutras
Introduction
It is an acknowledged fact that Acārya Hemacandra wrote the Sabda Anuśāsana of which one section is devoted to Prākṛta and Apabhramsa Grammar. In composing the section on Prākṛta and Apabhraṁśa Grammar, he chose the Samskṛta language as the medium of exposition. In order to make intelligible the Prākṛta and Apabhraṁśa Grammar, the established Sūtra-style of Samskṛta Grammar was adopted. Although the Sutras are expressed in Samskrta language, it should not imply that a special knowledge of Samskrta is required to understand Prākṛta and Apabhraṁśa Grammar. A thoughtful analysis of the Sutras has shown us that a basic knowledge of Samskṛta and Hindi or English will suffice to comprehend these Sutras.
In Lesson 1, we shall decipher and explain the Sutras concerning the formation of Verbs and Participles used in Prākṛta and Apabhramsa Grammar. In order that the Sutras may be properly assimilated, ordinary knowledge of Vowel combination, Consonant combination and Visarga combination is required. Additionally, the knowledge of Suffix-symbols and different Tenses, Persons and Numbers should be understood. In Präkṛta, there are only three Persons, First Person, Second Person and Third Person and two Numbers Singular and Plural. We see the use of Present Tense, Past Tense, Future Tense, Imperative and Conditional. In the Sutras five types of Participles are discussed: Absolutive, Infinitive, Present Participle, Past Participle and Obligatory and Potential Participle. Verbs are used in three ways: Active Voice, Passive Voice and Impersonal Form (Causative forms also given). In order to understand the Verb Sutras, the Suffix-symbols employed in the Sutras should be understood. These Suffix symbols are as follows:
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Suffixes of Verbs in Saṁskṛta
Present Tense
(Ka) Third Person
Tah Second Person
Thah First Person
Ti
Anti Tha Maḥ
Vah
Present Tense (Kha)
Ita (Āte)... Ante (Ate)
Ithe (Athe) Dhvė I (E) Vahe
Mahe
Third Person Second Person First Person
Te
Se
Past Tense First Past (Nearest or Immediate)
(Ka) Third Person
Tám
Uḥ(An): Second Person
H First Person
Va . Ma
Tam
Ta
Am
Past Tense First Past (Nearest or Immediate)
(Kha) Third Person
Ata Etām
Anta Second Person Athāḥ
Ethăm
Adhvam First Person
Amahi
Avahi
Second Past (Not Nearest or Not Immediate)
(Ka) Third Person
т
Tām Second Person H
Tam First Person
Va
An
Ta
Am
Ma
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Second Past
(Not Nearest or Not Immediate)
(Kha)
Third Person
Second Person
First Person
Third Person
Second Person
First Person
Third Past
(Action in the Past not seen by the senses)
(Ka)
Third Person Second Person
First Person
Ta
Thāḥ
I
Third Person Second Person
First Person
A
(I) Tha
A
Third Person
Second Person
First Person
Third Past
(Action in the Past not seen by the senses)
(Kha)
E
(1) Se
E

Itām (Ātāma)
Itham (Athama) Dhvam
Vahi
Mahi
Syati
Syasi
Syämi
Atuḥ
Athuh
(I) Va
Future Tense
First Future (Nearest or Immediate)
(Ka)
Syate
Syase
Sye
Advanced Prakrta-Apabhraṁśa-Grammar (Part-II)
Āte
Athe
(I) Vahe
Anta (Ata)
Syataḥ
Syathaḥ
Syȧvaḥ
First Future (Nearest or Immediate)
(Kha)
Uh
A
(I) Ma
Syete
Syethe
Syavahe
Ire
(I) Dhve
(I) Mahe
Syanti
Syatha
Syāmaḥ
Syante
Syadhve
Syamahe
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Second Future (Not Nearest or Not Immediate).
(Ka) Third Person
Ta Tārau
Tārah Second Person Tási
Tasthaḥ Tästha First Person
Täsmi
Tasvah Tásmaḥ
Second Future (Not Nearest or Not Immediate)
(Kha) Third Person
Tārau
Tărah Second Person
Tasåthe
. Tadhve First Person
Tasvahe
Tasmahe
Ta
Tāse Tähe
Imperative (Order)
(Ka) Tu
Third Person Second Person First Person
Tám Tam
Hi
Antu Ta Ama :
Ani
Ava
Third Person
Imperative(Order),
(Kha) Tám Itām (Atām) Antām
(Atām) Ithām (Athām) Dhvam Ai
Avahai Āmahai
Sva
Second Person First Person
Potential
(Ka)
İyuḥ
Third Person Second Person First Person
İtām Itam Iva
ita
İvam
İma
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Or Potential (Ka)
Yatam
Yatam Yam
Yava
Third Person Second Person First Person
Yuh
Yát Yah
Yata
Yama
Third Person Second Person First Person
Potential
(Kha) It
İyātām Ithah
lyathăm İya
Ivahi
İran İdhvam İmahi
Benedictive (Concerning blessing)
(Ka) Third Person
Yat Yastam
Yasuḥ Second Person Yah
Yastam
Yásta First Person
Yasam Yasva
Yasma , (Kha) Third Person
Siştha Siyāstām
Siran Second Person Sisthäh
Siyasthăm Sidhvam First Person
Siya
Sīvahi Simahi
Conditional (One action dependent on the other)
(Ka) Third Person Syat
Syatām
Syan Second Person... Syaḥ
Syatam
Syata First Person Syam
Syava
Syāma Conditional
(Kha) Third Person
Syata Syetam
Syanta Second Person Syathāḥ Syetham Syadhvam First Person
Sye
Syávahi Syamahi
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Suffix of Past Participle Kta (Ta + a)
Suffixes of Present Participle 1. Satr (At) 2. Śānac (Ana, Māna)
Suffix of Absolutive Ktva (Tvā)
Suffix of Infinitive Tumun (Tum)
Suffix of Obligatory and Potential Participle Tavya, Aniyara (Aniya)
Suffix of Active Voice and Passive Voice Kya (Ya)
Suffix of Causative Nic (Ay)
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Other notes:
The Declension of Consonants is according to 'Bhubhṛt', aending words according to 'Råma', i-ending words according to 'Hari', u-ending words according to 'Guru', à-ending words according to 'Gopa' and i-ending words according to 'Stri'. The inflections of the remaining words can be referenced in the declension tables provided or in an elementary Samskrta Grammar book. In order to make clear the meaning, each sutra has been analyzed in the following five steps:
Combination (sandhi)
1
2 Inflection (vibhakti)
3
4 A contextual translation
5 Examples and notes
The conjugation of the following Verbs occurs in the Sutras: (i) a-ending Verbs - Hasa, etc.
(ii)
a-ending Verbs - Tha, etc.
(iii) o-ending Verbs - Ho, etc.
:
A literal translation (in italics)
Thus all of the a-ending Verbs are conjugated according to 'Hasa', the a-ending words according to 'Tha' and the o-ending words according to 'Ho'.
Some mathematical symbols have been used in making clear the Sutras. These symbols have been made clear in the list of abbreviations.
As the inflection of Suffix-Symbols and other words in the Sutras follow the declensional forms of Samskṛta,the declension tables of some of these Samskṛta Nouns have been given in the following pages. Finally, a list of abbreviations used in the Sūtras is also provided.
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1.
2.
8
Hari (Name of a deity)
Singular
Number
Nominative Hariḥ
Accusative Harim
Instrumental Hariņā
Dative
Haraye
Ablative Hareḥ
Genitive
Locative
Vocative
Bhubhrt (King)
Hareḥ
Harau
He Hare
Dative
Ablative
Genitive
Locative
Vocative
Singular
Number

Dual
Number
Hari
Hari
Haribhyām
Haribhyām
Haribhyām
Haryoḥ
Haryoḥ
He Hari
Nominative Bhubhṛt
Bhubhṛtau
Accusative Bhubhṛtam Bhubhṛtau
Dual
Number
Instrumental Bhubhṛtā
Bhübhṛte
Bhubhṛtaḥ
Bhubhṛtaḥ
Bhubhṛti
He Bhubhṛt He Bhubhṛtau
Bhübhṛtoḥ
Bhubhṛtoḥ
Plural Number
Harayaḥ
Harin
Haribhiḥ
Haribhyaḥ
Haribhyaḥ
Hariņām
Harişu
He Harayaḥ
Plural
Number
Bhubhṛdbhyam Bhubhrdbhiḥ
Bhubhṛdbhyam Bhubhrdbhyaḥ
Bhubhṛdbhyam Bhubhṛdbhyaḥ
Bhubhṛtaḥ
Bhübhrtaḥ
Bhubhṛtām
Bhübhrtsu
He Bhübhṛtaḥ
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Dual Number
Plural Number
3. Gopa (Milkman)
Singular
Number Nominative Gopāḥ Accusative Gopām Instrumental Gopā Dative Gope Ablative Gopaḥ Genitive Gopaḥ Locative Gopi Vocative He Gopāḥ
Gopau Gopau Gopābhyām Gopābhyām Gopābhyam Gopoh Gopoh He Gopau
Gopāḥ Gopaḥ Gopābhiḥ Gopābhyaḥ Gopābhyaḥ Gopām Gopāsu He Gopāḥ
4. Rama (Rama)
Singular Number
Dual Number
Plural Number
Nominative Rāmaḥ Rāmau Accusative Rāmam Rāmau Instrumental Rāmeņa Rāmābhyām Dative Rāmāya Rāmābhyām Ablative Rámát Rāmābhyām Genitive · Rāmasya Rāmayoḥ Locative Ráme
Rāmayoḥ Vocative He Rama He Rāmau
Rāmāḥ Rāmān Rāmaiḥ Rāmebhyaḥ Rāmebhyaḥ Rāmāņām Rameşu He Rāmāḥ
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5.
Stri (Woman)
Singular Number
Dual Number
Plural Number
Nominative Stri Accusative Striyam, Strim Instrumental Striyā Dative Striyai Ablative Striyāḥ Genitive Striyāḥ Locative Striyām Vocative He Stri
Striyau Striyau Stribhyam Stribhyām Strībhyām Striyoḥ Striyoḥ He Striyau
Striyaḥ Striyah, Striḥ Stribhiḥ Strībhyaḥ Strībhyaḥ Striņām . Strişu He Striyaḥ
6. Guru (Guru)
Dual Number
Plural Number
Singular
Number Nominative Guruh Accusative Gurum Instrumental Guruņā Dative Gurave Ablative Guroḥ Genitive Guroh Locative Gurau Vocative He Guro
Gurú Guru Gurubhyām Gurubhyām Gurubhyām Gurvoh Gurvoḥ He Gurú
Guravah Gurun Gurubhih Gurubhyaḥ Gurubhyaḥ Gurūņām Guruşu He Guravaḥ
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7.
Sarva (All)
Singular Number
Dual Number
Plural Number
Nominative Sarvaḥ Sarvau Accusative Sarvam Sarvau Instrumental Sarveņa Sarvābhyām Dative Sarvasmai Sarvābhyām Ablative Sarvasmāt Sarvābhyām Genitive Sarvasya Sarvayoḥ Locative Sarvasmin Sarvayoḥ
Sarve Sarvan Sarvaiḥ Sarvebhyaḥ Sarvebhyaḥ Sarveșām Sarveșu
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Abbreviations and method of Grammatical analysis A = Indeclinable • ( )
indicates the original word • [0) + ( ) + (.....) indicates the joining together of words • [0 - ( ) - (.....) indicates the compounding of words • Where only Numbers 1/1, 2/1, etc. are written outside brackets, the word inside the bracket indicates the Noun. 1/1 Nominative Case / Singular Number 1/2 Nominative Case / Dual Number 1/3 Nominative Case / Plural Number 2/1 Accusative Case / Singular Number 2/2 Accusative Case / Dual Number 2/3 Accusative Case / Plural Number : 3/1 Instrumental Case / Singular Number 3/2 Instrumental Case / Dual Number 3/3 Instrumental Case / Plural Number 4/1 Dative Case / Singular Number 4/2 Dative Case / Dual Number 473 Dative Case / Plural Number 5/1 Ablative Case / Singular Number 5/2 Ablative Case / Dual Number 5/3 Ablative Case / Plural Number 6/1 Genitive Case / Singular Number 6/2 Genitive Case / Dual Number : 6/3 Genitive Case / Plural Number 7/1 Locative Case / Singular Number 772 Locative Case / Dual Number 7/3 Locative Case / Plural Number 8/1 Vocative Case / Singular Number 8/2 Vocative Case / Dual Number 8/3 Vocative Case / Plural Number
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Section - 1
(i) Prāksta: Verbs and Participles Sūtras 37,139 to 3/182,2/146

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Sūtras: Verbs and Participles
1. त्यादीनामाद्यत्रयस्याद्यस्येचेचौ
14
Tyȧdinåmådyatrayasyadyasyececau
त्यादीनामाद्यत्रयस्याद्यस्येचेचौ
[(ति)+(आदीनाम्)+(आद्यत्रयस्य)+(आद्यस्य)+(इच्)+(एचौ) ]
(Ti)+(Ādīnām)+(Ādyatrayasya)+(Ādyasya)+(Ic)+(Ecau)]
[(ति)- (आदि) 6/3] आद्यत्रयस्य [ (आद्य) - (त्रय) 6/1] आद्यस्य (आद्य) 6/1 [(इच्)-(एच्) 1/2] [(Ti)-(Adi)6/3] Ādyatrayasya [(Adya)-(Traya)6/1] Ādyasya (Ādya)6/1[(Ic)-(Ec)1/2]
Among the Three Persons, there occur ic→i (9 →3) and ec→e (→) in place of the suffixes ti (fa), etc. signifying the suffixes of the Third Person Singular Number.
In the Present Tense, among the Three Persons, there occur i(3) and e(T)in place of the suffixes ti(fa),etc. signifying the suffixes of Third Person Singular Number. (1 ) (हस + ति) = (हस + इ, ए) हसइ, हसए
(वर्तमानकाल, प्रथमपुरुष (अन्यपुरुष), एकवचन )
(Hasa+ti etc.) = (Hasa+i,e) = Hasai, Hasae (Present Tense, Third Person, Singular Number)
3/139
Tyādināmādyatrayasyadyasyececau
(1) (i) (+,T) =
By applying Sūtra 3/145 for non- a-ending Verbs, when e (T) is negated, and only the verbal suffix i (3)
Occurs.
(Tha+i,e) = Thai
(Thãe (3) does not occur, 3/145)

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(ii) (हो + इ, ए) = होइ
(Ho+i,e) Hoi
(Hoe () does not occur, 3/145)
2. द्वितीयस्य सि से Dvitiyasya Si Se
3/140
द्वितीयस्य (द्वितीय) 6/1 सि (सि) 1/1 से (से) 1/1
Dvitiyasya (Dvitiya) 6/1 Si (Si) 1/1 Se (Se) 1/1 There occur si (f) and se() in place of the Second Person.
In the Present Tense, among the Three Persons, there occur si (f) and se () in place of the suffixes (si and se) (f and ) signifying the suffixes of Second Person Singular Number.
(1 ) (हस + सि, से) = (हस + सि, से) = हससि, हससे
(वर्तमानकाल, द्वितीयपुरुष (मध्यमपुरुष), एकवचन ) (Hasa+si,se) = (Hasa+si,se) = Hasasi, Hasase (Present Tense, Second Person, Singular Number)
By applying sūtra 3/145 for non- a-ending Verbs, when se is negated, and only the verbal suffix si occurs. (1) (i) (ठा+सि, से) = (ठा + सि, से) = ठासि
3. तृतीयस्य मिः Tṛtiyasya Mih
=
(Tha + si, se) =(Thā + si, se) = Ṭhāsi (Thåse (3) does not occur, 3/145) (ii) (हो+सि, से) = ( हो + सि, से) = होसि
(Ho+si, se) = (Ho + si, se) =Hosi (Hose() does not occur, 3/145)

3/141
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Qarpe (çci) 6/1 FH: (A) 1/1 Trtiyasya (Trtiya) 6/1 Miḥ (Mi)1/1 There occurs mi (fa) in place of the First Person suffix. In the Present Tense, among the Three Persons; there occurs mi (FH) in place of the suffixes mi and i(fand
7) signifying the suffixes of First Person Singular. (1) (i) (FH + , 7) = (FA + f) - EHH
(adh. 14, garags (3914959), 1997) (Hasa + mi, i) = (Hasa + mi) = Hasami
(Present Tense, First Person, Singular Number) (ii) (J + FH, 3) = (a + FA): off
(Thả + mi, i) =(Thả + mi) -Thảmi
(Present Tense, First Person, Singular Number) (iii) (ET + F7, 3) = (ET + H) - Ein
(Ho + mi, i) = (Ho + mi) = Homi (Present Tense, First Person, Singular Number)
According to Hemacandra's Commentary, occasionally the i (3) inherent in mi(fa) disappears and the m (7)
is changed into an Anusvāra after a- ending Verbs. (1) (i) (54 + 1) = (64 + 7) =
(Hasa+mi)= (Hasa+m) = Hasaṁ (Present Tense, First Person, Singular Number)
4. Er fra
3/142 Bahușvadyasya Nti Nte Ire GEOCERA FET 5 [(969)+( 3TERH)] F Bahuşvādyasya Nti Nte Ire [(Bahuşu) +(Adyasya)] Nti Nte Ire
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बहुषु (बहु) 7/3 आद्यस्य (आद्य ) 6 / 1 न्ति (न्ति) 1/1 न्ते (न्ते) 1/1 इरे (इरे) 1/1
Bahuşu (Bahu) 7/3 Ādyasya (Ādya)6/1Nti (Nti) 1/1 Nte (Nte) 1/1 Ire (Ire) 1/1
There occur nti, nte (fa,) and ire () suffixes for Third Person Plural.
In the Present Tense, among the Three Persons, there occur nti, nte (,) and ire (3) in place of the suffixes anti and ante (3 and 3), signifying the suffixes of the Third Person Plural. (1) (i) (हस+अन्ति, अन्ते) = ( हस+न्ति, न्ते, इरे) हसन्ति, हसन्ते, हसिरे (वर्तमानकाल, प्रथमपुरुष (अन्यपुरुष), बहुवचन) (Hasa+anti, ante) = (Hasa + nti, nte, ire) =
=
Hasanti, Hasante, Hasire
(Present Tense, Third Person, Plural Number )
(ii) (ठा + अन्ति, अन्ते) = - (ठा + न्ति, न्ते, इरे ) = ठान्ति → ਠਰਿ, ठन्ते, ठाईरे
ठान्ते
(Tha+anti, ante) = (Tha + nti, nte, ire) = Thanti → Thanti, Thante → Thante, Thaire
(On having a conjunct consonant after a long vowel, the long vowel becomes short, Hṛsvaḥ Samyoge 1/84).
(iii) (हो + अन्ति, अन्ते) = ( हो + न्ति, न्ते, इरे) = होन्ति, होन्ते, होइ रे (Ho+ anti, ante) = (Ho+ nti, nte, ire) Honti, Honte, Hoire
According to Hemacandra's Commentary, the Third Person Singular suffix ire (3) is seen occasionally. For example: Sūsaire Gama-Cikkhallo. (In the village, the mud dries up).
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5. मध्यमस्येत्था - हचौ
Madhyamasyetthȧ - Hacau मध्यमस्येत्था - हचौ [ (मध्यमस्य ) + (इत्था ) ] हचौ
Madhyamasyettha - Hacau
18
Hacau
मध्यमस्य (मध्यम) 6/1 [ ( इत्था ) - (हच्) 1/2]
Madhyamasya (Madhyama) 6/1 [(Ittha) -(Hac) 1/2] There occur itthā (इत्था) and hacha (हच्ह) in place of the Second Person Plural suffixes.
In the Present Tense, among the Three Persons, there occur itthȧ() and ha () in place of the suffixes tha and dhve ( and ), signifying the suffixes for the Second Person Plural.
(1) (i) (हस + थ, ध्वे) = (हस + इत्था, ह) : हसित्था, हसह
(वर्तमानकाल, मध्यमपुरुष, बहुवचन)
(Hasa tha, dhve) = (Hasa + itthâ, ha) Hasitthȧ, Hasaha
(Present Tense, Second Person, Plural Number) (ii) (ठा + थ, ध्वे) = (ठा + इत्था, ह) = ठाइत्था, ठाह
6. तृतीयस्य मो - मु-माः
[(Madhyamasya)+(Itthā)]
(Tha+ tha, dhve) = (Tha + ittha, ha) = Ṭhảittha, Thȧha (iii) (हो + थ, ध्वे) = ( हो + इत्था, ह) : होइत्था, होह
=
(Ho+ tha, dhve) (Ho+ itthä, ha) Hoittha, Hoha
3/143

3/144
Tṛtiyasya Mo-Mu-Mäḥ
तृतीयस्य (तृतीय) 6/1 [ (मो)- (मु) - (म) 1/3]
Trtiyasya (Trtiya) 6/1 [(Mo) - (Mu) - (Ma) 1/3]
There occur mo, mu and ma (,, ) in place of the First Person Plural suffixes.
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In the Present Tense, among the Three Persons, there occur mo, mu and ma (, and ) in place of the suffixes maḥ and mahe (#: and ), signifying the
suffixes of First Person Plural. (1) (i) (7 + :, ) = (F4 + H), 7, 7) = 441, 44, 49
(वर्तमानकाल, तृतीयपुरुष (उत्तमपुरुष) बहुवचन) (Hasa + maḥ, mahe) = (Hasa + mo, mu, ma) = Hasamo, Hasamu, Hasama
(Present Tense, First Person, Plural Number ) (ii) (2T + A:, ) =(22+ HT, 7, 9) = 311, 314, 314
(Thā+ maḥ, mahe) = (Thā+ mo, mu, ma) =
Thảmo, Thámu, Thama (iii) (FET + A:, ) = (FET + H, 7, 9) = 141, ETA, A
(Ho + maḥ, mahe) =(Ho + mo, mu, ma) = : Homo, Homu, Homa
3/145
7. 37a yoq À
Ata Evaic Se 377 To [( 3ta:) +(Ta) + (59)) Ata Evaic Se ((Ataḥ) + (Eva) + (Ec)] Se 371: (377) 5/1 ta = TE (TE) 1/1 # (#) 1/1 Ataḥ (At) 5/1 Eva = only Ec (Ec)] 1/1 Se (Se)] 1/1 After a-ending Verbs, there occur ec eltq+) and se () only. After a-ending Verbs,only e (T), the suffix for Third Person Singular, and se () the suffix for Second Person Singular, are used. After å-ending and o - ending Verbs, the suffixes e () and se (#) are not used.
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(1) (i) (हस + ए) =हसए (वर्तमानकाल, प्रथमपुरुष (अन्यपुरुष), एकवचन) (Hasa+e) Hasae (Present Tense,Third Person,
Singular Number)
(ii) (+) (Tha+e) = Thae (3) does not occur, 3/145 (iii)(+) (Ho+e) Hoe() does not occur, 3/145 (2) (i) (हस + से)=हससे (वर्तमानकाल, द्वितीयपुरुष (मध्यमपुरुष) एकवचन) (Hasa+ se) = Hasase (Present Tense, Second Person, Singular Number)
(ii) (+) (Ṭhā + se) =Ṭhase() does not occur, 3/145 (iii) (+) (Ho+se) Hose () does not occur, 3/145
8. fud: fa:
Sinȧsteḥ Siḥ
सिनास्ते: सि: [ (सिना) + (अस्ते :)] सि:
Sinasteḥ Siḥ [(Sina) + (Asteḥ)] Siḥ
सिना (सि) 3 / 1 अस्ते : (अस्ति) 6/1 सि: (सि) 1/1
Sină (Si) 3/1 Asteḥ (Asti) 6/1 Siḥ (Si)] 1/1
There is only si (f) in place of asa (314) alongwith si (सि).
20
3/146
In the Present Tense of the Verb asa (34), if there is si (f) (suffix of Second Person, Singular Number) after asa (3), then there is only si (f) in place of asa (अस) alongwith si (सि).
(अस + सि) = सि (वर्तमानकाल, द्वितीयपुरुष (मध्यमपुरुष) एकवचन ) (Asa+si) = Si (Present Tense, Second Person, Singular Number)
In Präkṛta the verbal term for existence is asa.

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. मि-मो-मै-हि-म्हो-म्हा वा
3/147 Mi-Mo-Mai-Rmhi-Mho-Mha Va मि-मो-मै-हि-म्हो-म्हा वा मि-मो-[(मै :) + (म्हि)]-म्हो[(म्हाः )+(वा)]
Mi-Mo- Mai-Rmhi-Mho-Mha Va Mi-Mo- [(Maih) + (Mhi)]- Mho- [(Mhah) + (Vi)] [(मि)-(मो)-(म) 3/3] [(म्हि)-(म्हो)-(म्ह) 1/3] वा [(Mi)-(Mo)-(Ma) 3/3] [(Mhi)-(Mho)-(Mah) 1/3] Va - Alternatively Alternatively, if there is asa (अस) alongwith mi (मि), mo and ma (1 and ), then there occur mih, mho and mha (म्हि, म्हो and म्ह) respectively. Alternatively, in the Present Tense if there is asa (अस) alongwith the mi (मि) (suffix of First Person Singular),
mo and ma (मो, म) (suffix of First Person Plural), then there occur mih, mho and mha (म्हि, म्हो and म्ह)
respectively. (1) (i) (अस् + मि) = म्हि (वर्तमानकाल, तृतीयपुरुष उत्तमपुरुष) एकवचन)
(As+mi) = Mhi (Present Tense, First Person,Singular
Number ) (ii) (अस् + मो) = म्हो (वर्तमानकाल, तृतीयपुरुष (उत्तमपुरुष) बहुवचन)
(As+mo) = Mho (Present Tense, First Person, Plural
Number) (iii) (अस् + म) = म्ह (वर्तमानकाल, तृतीयपुरुष (उत्तमपुरुष) बहुवचन)
(As+ma) = Mha (Present Tense, First Person, Plural Number)
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10. 31fetrufcal
3/148 Atthistyadina Bifertilfar [(34fet:)+(ft)+( HIFCET)] Atthistyadina ((Atthiḥ) + (Ti) + (Adina)) . 3tfel: (3754)1/1 ((fa)-(31) 3/1] Atthiḥ (Atthi) 1/1 [(Ti) - (Adi) 3/1] In the First, Second and Third Person, Singular and Plural Number, asa ( 37 ) alongwith ti(fa), etc. becomes atthi ( 34fer). In the Present Tense of Verb asà (374) in the First; Second and Third Person Singular and Plural Number, asa (377) alongwith ti (fa),etc. becomes atthi (34fer). ( 374 + fa) - 3179 (Asa+ti etc.) = Atthi (Present Tense, Three Persons, Singular and Plural Number) ,
Asa (Present Tense)
Singular Plural Third Person
Atthi
Atthi Second Person
Atthi
Atthi First Person
Atthi
Atthi
11. URGGIGIO
3/149 Ņerdedáváve ut agad [(o:)+(376)+(CD)+(372)+(37)] Ņerdedáváve [(Ņeḥ) + (At) + (Et) + (Āva) + (Āve)] ot: (ful) 6/1 [(376)-(591)-(3779)-(37) 1/1] Neh (Ni) 6/1 ((At) - (Et) -(Āva) - (Āve) 1/1) There occur at + a (37 +37), et +e (TIT), ava (3417) (and) ave (310) in place of ni(fa).
22
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In order to change any Verb into Causative form, a, e, āva and ave (अ, ए, आव and आवे) suffixes are added. (हस + णि) : (हस + अ, ए, आव and आवे) = हास, हासे, हसाव, हसावे (Hasa+ni) = (Hasa+a, e, ava, ave) = Hasa, Hase, Hasiva, Hasave
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
By applying Sūtra 3/153, a becomes a. (Hasa→ Hasa, Hase→ Hase)
12. गुर्वादेरविर्वा
3/150 Gurvåderavirvå गुर्वादे विर्वा [(गुरु) + (आदेः)+(अविः)+(वा)] Gurvāderavirvā [(Guru) + (Adeh) + (Avih) + (Va)] [(गुरु) + (आदि) 5/1] अविः (अवि) 1/1 वा = विकल्प [(Guru) + (Adi) 5/1] Avih (Avi) 1/1 Vā = Alternatively Alternatively, after a long vowel in the beginning, there occurs avi (अवि). Alternatively, after a long vowel in the beginning, avi (अवि) occurs in place of the Causative suffix ni (णि) (रूस + णि) = (रूस + अवि) =रूसवि (Rusa+ni) = (Rusa+avi) = Rusavi ----------------------------- By Applying Sutra 3/149, there also occur: Rusa, Ruse, Rusava, Rusave.
13. भ्रमे राडो वा
3/151 Bhrame Rado Va भ्रमे राडो वा [(भ्रमेः)+(आड:) +(वा)]
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Bhrame Rado Vũ [(Bhrameh) + Adah) + (Vă)] YÀ: (411) 5/1 3115: (345) 1/1 an Bhrameḥ (Bhrami) 5/1 Adaḥ (Āda)171. Vă = Alternatively Alternatively, after bhama( 44), there occurs aļa (3775). Alternatively, after bhrami + bhrama + bhama (47) there occurs aļa (3715) in place of the Causative suffix ņi (fu). (44+ ful) = (444+3715) = 4H15 (Bhama + ņi) = (Bhama + ada) - Bhamada
14. gillat-01-919-os ha 3/152
Lugāvi - Kta - Bhāva - Karmasu g'lla-07-9419-aota [(cak)+(31141)]-71-979- Lugavi - Kta - Bhava - Karmasu [(Luk) + (Āvi)] - Kta - Bhava - Karmasu [(006)-(371fa)1/2] [(071-979-077) 7/3] [(Luk) - (Āvī) 1/2] [(Kta) - (Bhāva) - (Karma) 7/3] In making the kta (Past Participle), the bhava (Impersonal Form) and the karma (Passive Voice) there occur lopa (zero suffix) (O'Yp12) and avi (341fa) (in place of ņi) (fa). There occur lopa (zero suffix) ("O' ) and avi ( 311fa) in place of ņi (for) Causative suffix for making the kta
+ta+a (37) Past Participle, (ijja and ia) (SoC and $37) Impersonal Form and Passive Voice.
Past Participle (/ sobretot 56671) (1) (i) (54 +fu ) = (5 + 0) = (E14 + 37) - E1434
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(Hasa+ni) = (Hasa + 0) =(Hasa + a) = Hasia ( By Applying Sūtra 3/153, a becomes a) (ii) (हस + णि ) = (हस + आवि) = (हसावि + अ) = हसाविअ
(Hasa+ni) = (Hasa + avi ) = (Hasavi + a) = Hasavia Passive Voice (कर्मवाच्य) (3/160) (2) (i) (कर+ णि) = (कर+ 0) = (कार+ इज्ज, ईअ) = कारिज्ज, कारीअ
(Kara +ni) =(Kara +0) = (Kara + ijja, ia) = Karijja, Karia __ (By Applying Sutra 3/15 3, a becomes ā) (ii) (कर+ णि) = (कर+ आवि) = (करवि + इज्ज, ईअ) = करविज्ज,
करावी (Kara +ni) = (Kara + avi) = (Karavi + ijja, ia) = Karavijja,
Karávia
Impersonal Form (भाववाच्य) (3/160) (3) (i) (हस +णि) =(हस + 0) = (हास + इज्ज, ईअ) = हासिज्ज, हासीअ
(Hasa+ņi) = (Hasa + 0) = (Hāsa + ijja, ia) = Häsijja, Hasia (By Applying Sūtra 3/153, a becomes a) (ii) (हस +णि) = (हस+ आवि) = (हसावि + इज्ज, ईअ) = हसाविज्ज,
हसावी (Hasa+ni) = (Hasa + avi) =(Hsavi + ijja, ia) = Hasavijja, Hasávia
15. अदेल्लुक्यादेरत आः
3/153 Adellukyäderata Aḥ अदेल्लुक्यादेरत आ: [(अत्)+(एत्) + (लुकि) +(आदेः)+(अतः)+(आ:)] Adellukyaderata Ah [(At) + (Et) + (Luki) + (Adeh) + (Atah) + (Ah)] [(अत्)-(एत्)-(लुक्) 7/1] आदेः (आदि) 6/1 अतः (अत्) 6/1 आः (आ) 1/1]
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[(At)-(Et)-(Luk) 7/1] Adeh (Adi) 6/1 Ataḥ (At) 6/1 Āḥ (A) 1/1] On having at →a (37), et → e(t), lopa (0) (0!71) Causative suffixes after a Verb, the beginning vowel at
*a ( 37) becomes à ( 37). On having Causative suffixes a,e, and 0 after a Verb, the beginning vowel at →a (37) becomes å (371). (54 + 37) = 54 → Era (Hasa + a) = Hasa → Hása (FA + C) = → E (Hasa + e). = Hase → Hase . (74 + 0) = 6 + Erh (Hasa + 0) = Hasa → Hása
16. Han 3/154 Mau Va
(H) 7/1 al Mau (Mi) 7/1 Va - Alternatively Alternatively, on having mi (f) (after a-ending Verbs, the ending vowel a (37) becomes å ( 371)]. Alternatively, on having mi (f) after a-ending Verbs , the ending vowel a ( 37) becomes å (341). (64+ ) = 54f4, HfH (adurch 1, 3814954, Tahan) (Hasa+mi) - Hasami (3/141), Hasåmi (Present Tense, First Person, Singular Number)
17. STO )-- ap 3/155
Icca Mo-Mu-Me Va şaq F-7- 91 [(FT)+(a)] Icca Mo-Mu-Me Vå [(lt) + (Ca)] $T (FT) 1/1 7 = 3577 [(H)-()-(A) 7/1] a1
26
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It (lt) 1/1 Ca = and ((Mo) - (Mu) - (Ma)7/1] Vā= Alternatively Alternatively, on having mo, mu and ma (), and 9) after a Verb, the ending vowel a (37) of the Verb becomes it + i(?) and ((a)(37)] . Alternatively, on having mo, mu and ma (, Ę and
) First Person, Plural Number after a-ending Verb, the ending vowel a (37) becomes i (5) and a (31) 3/154 . (67+1, and ) = 41, 42, 44, 414), FH14, EHT (वर्तमानकाल, उत्तमपुरुष, बहुवचन) (Hasa+mo, mu and ma) - Hasimo, Hasimu, Hasima, Hasāmo, Hasāmu, Haşama (Present Tense, FirstPerson, Plural Number)
18. o
3/156 Kte
(2) 7/1 Kte (Kta) 711 On having kta → ta → a (37) (suffix of Past Participle) after a Verb, the ending vowel a (37) becomes i (7)). On having ta → a (suffix of Past Participle) after aending Verbs, the ending vowel a (37) becomes i (5) (Sutra 3/155). (6 + 37) = 2437 (F/497 091f755 GT7) (Hasa+ a) = Hasia ( Kta/ Past Participle)
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19. एच्च क्तवा -तुम् - तव्य - भविष्यत्सु
Ecca Ktvå-Tum-Tavya-Bhaviṣyatsu
28
एच्च क्तवा - तुम् तव्य - भविष्यत्सु [ (एत्) + (च) ] क्तवा तुम् - भविष्यत्सु
तव्य
Ecca Ktvå-Tum-Tavya-Bhaviṣyatsu [(Et) + (Ca)]
-
Ktva-Tum-Tavya-Bhaviṣyatsu
एत् (एत्) 1/1 च [(क्तवा) - ( तुम्) - (तव्य) - (भविष्यत्) 7/3]
Et (Et) 1/1 Ca = and [(Ktva) (Tum) (Tavya) - (Bhaviṣyat) 7/3]
-
On having ktvä→ två (), tum (H), tavya () and the suffix of the Future Tense after a ending Verb, the ending vowel of a-ending Verb) becomes e (T) and (1) (3).
On having (tva) → um, a, ūņa and uāṇa (3, 3, 3 and 33) (suffixes of the Absolutive), (tum) → um (3) (suffixes of the Infinitive), (tavya) → avva (31) (suffix of Obligatory and Potential Participle) and suffixes of the Future Tense (syati, syate, etc.→ hi,etc.) (Pafa, →f), the ending vowel of a- ending Verb becomes e (T) and i (3).
(1) (i) (हस + उं, अ, ऊण, उआण) हसेउं, हसेअ, हसेऊण, हसेउआण, हसिउं, हसिअ, हसिऊण, हसिउआण ( सम्बन्धक भूतकृदन्त) (Hasa+ um, a, ūņa, uāna) = Haseum, Hasea, Haseūņa,
Haseuaṇa, Hasium, Hasia, Hasiūņa, Hasiuāņa (Absolutive) (Ktavastumatūṇa-Tuāṇāḥ 2/146) (हस + इय, दूण, त्ता) = हसिय, हसिदूण, हसित्ता
(सम्बन्धक भूतकृदन्त, शौरसेनी प्राकृत)
(Hasa+ iya, dūņa, ttā) = Hasiya, Hasidūņa, Hasittä

3/157
-
=
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(Absolutive in Sauraseni Präkṛta) (Ktva lya - Dūņau
4/271)
(ii) (हस + उं) = हसिउं, हसेउं ( हेत्वर्थक कृदन्त )
(Hasa+um) = Hasium, Haseum (Infinitive)
(iii) (हस + अव्व) = हसिअव्व, हसेअव्व (विधि कृदन्त)
First Person
Second Person
(Hasa+ avva) = Hasiavva, Haseavva (Obligatory and Potential Participle) Future Tense
Third Person
Singular
Plural
(i) Hasihimi, Hasehimi,
(i) Hasihimo, Hasehimo,
(ii) Hasihāmi, Hasehāmi,
Hasihimu, Hasehimu,
(iii) Hasissǎmi, Hasessami, Hasihima, Hasehima,
(v) Hasissimi,
(3/166-167,3/169,
(iv) Hasissam, Hasessam, (ii) Hasissāmo, Hasessǎmo, Hasissämu, Hasessāmu, Hasissäma, Hasessäma, (iii) Hasihāmo, Hasehāmo, Hasihȧmu, Hasehāmu, Hasihāma, Hasehȧma, (iv) Hasihissä, Hasehissä, (v) Hasihittha, Hasehittha, (vi) Hasissimo, Hasissimu, Hasissima
4/275)

(i) Hasihisi, Hasehisi, Hasihise, Hasehise, (ii) Hasissisi, Hasissise, (3/166, 4/275) (iii) Hasissasi, Hasessasi, Hasissase, Hasessase1
(3/166,4/268, 4/275) Hasissaha, Hasessaha, Hasissaitthä, Hasessaitthä, Hasissadha, Hasessadha1 (i) Hasihinti, Hasehinti,
(i) Hasihii, Hasehii, Hasihie, Hasehie, (ii) Hasissidi, Hasisside
Hasihinte, Hasehinte, (ii) Hasihiire, Hasehiire,
1. Refer: Pischel, Prākṛta Bhāṣāoṁ Kā Vyakaraṇa, Page No. 758.
Advanced Präkrta-Apabhraṁśa-Grammar (Part-II)
(3/166-168,4/275) (i) Hasihiha, Hasehiha, Hasihidha, Hasehidha, Hasihittha, Hasehitthå, (ii) Hasissiha, Hasissiitthä, Hasissidha,
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(3/166, 4/273, (iii) Hasissinti, Hasissinte, 4/275)
Hasissiire, Hasissai, Hasessai, (3/166, 4/275) Hasissae, Hasessae Hasissanti, Hasessanti;
Hasissante, Hasessante,
Hasissaire, Hasessaire 1. Refer: Pischel, Prakrta Bhaskoṁ ka Vyakarana, Page No.758.
20. ader-1941-ray at 3/158
Vartamána-Pañcami-Śatļşu Vä [(adart)-(1941)-(pr) 7/3] al [(Vartamānā)-(Pañcami)- (Šaty) 7/3] Vā - Alternatively Alternatively, on having a-ending Verb suffixes of the Present Tense in any Person, suffixes of the Imperative in any Person and suffixes of the Present Participle, the ending vowel of a- ending Verbs becomes e (T). Alternatively, on having suffixes of the Present Tense in any Person, on having suffixes of the Imperative in any Person and on having suffixes of the Present Participle after a-ending Verbs, then the ending vowel of a-ending Verbs becomes e (T).
Present Tense
Singular . Plural First
Hasami, Hasemi Hasamo, Hasamu, Hasama Person (3/141,3/158) Hasemo, Hasemu, Hasema
(3/144,3/158) Second Hasasi, Hasase, Hasaha, Hasitthå, Hasadha Person Hasesi, Hasese, Haseha, Haseitthá, Hasedha
(3/140, ,3/158) 13/143, 4/268 ,3/158) Third Hasai, Hasadi,
Hasanti, Hasante, Hasire Person
Hasei, Hasedi, Hasenti, Hasente, Haseire (3/139, 4/273, (3/142,3/158) 3/158)
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First Person Second Person
Imperative Singular Hasamu, Hasemu (3/173,3/158) Hasasu, Hasahi, Hasesu, Hasehi (3/173-174,3/158) Hasau, Haseu (3/173,3/158)
Plural Hasamo, Hasemo (3/176,3/158) Hasaha, Haseha (3/176,3/158)
Third
Haseu
Hasantu, Hasentu (3/176,3/158)
Person
Present Participle Hasanta, Hasamāna, Hasenta, Hasemāņa (3/181,3/158)
21. wil-
3/159 Jjä-Jje [( T)-(*) 7/1] [(Jjā) - (Jja) 7/1] On having suffixes jjä and jja (wal and cul) after aending Verbs, the ending vowel a (37) becomes e (T). On having jjå and jja ( Full and w7) after a-ending Verbs, the ending vowel a ( 37) becomes e () in Present Tense, Future Tense and Imperative. (Sūtra 3/177) (ET + BHI, WT) = ( FRUGT, HOT) (Hasa + jjā, jja).- Hasejja, Hasejja (Present Tense, Future Tense and Imperative)
22. $31-5ount PRI 3/160
İa-ljjau Kyasya [(837)-(FCT) 1/2] Prer () 6/1 [(ia) - (lija) 1/2] Kyasya (Kya) 6/1 There occur ia ($37) and ijja (507) in place of kya →
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ya (क्य→य).
There occur ia (3) and ijja (5) in place of kya → ya (P) (suffixes of the Passive Voice and the Impersonal Form).
(हस + ईअ, इज्ज) = हसीअइ, हसिज्जइ
(Hasa+ia, ijja) = Hasiai, Hasijjai (Impersonal Form of the Present Tense)
(कर + ईअ, इज्ज) = क रीअइ, करिज्जइ
(Kara+ia, ijja) = Kariai, Karijjai (Passive Voice of the Present Tense)
23. सी ही हीअ भूतार्थस्य
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Si Hi Hia Bhutȧrthasya
सी ही हीअ भूतार्थस्य सी ही [ ( हीअ:) + (भूतार्थस्य ) ]
Si Hi Hia Bhütärthasya Si Hi [(Hiaḥ) + (Bhütarthasya)] सी (सी) 1/1 ही (ही) 1/1 हीअ : (हीअ ) 1/1 भूतार्थस्य ( भूतार्थ) 6/1 Si (Si) 1/1 Hi (Hi) 1/1 Hiaḥ (Hia) 1/1 Bhūtārthasya (Bhütärtha) 6/1
There occur si, hi and hia (Я, and 3) in place of the suffixes of Past Tense (t, at, etc.) After å-ending and o-ending Verbs, there occur in the First, Second and Third Person, Singular and Plural, si, hi and hia (, and 3) in place of the suffixes of Past Tense.
Note: Sutra 3/163 speaks of consonants for explaining the Past Tense, whereas Sūtra 3/162 gives different suffixes for the Past Tense. Therefore according to Hemacandra's commentary, these suffixes belong to Verbs ending in vowels.

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Past Tense (Tha) Singular
Plural First Person Thāsi, Thāhi, Thāhia Thäsī, Thāhi, Thähia Second Person Thāsi, Thāhi, Thāhia Thāsī, Thāhi, Thāhia Third Person ThăsiThāhi, Thahia Thåsi, Thāhi, Thähia
Past Tense (Ho) Singular
Plural First Person Hosi, Hohi, Hohia Hosi, Hohi, Hohia Second Person Hosi, Hohi, Hohia Hosi, Hohi, Hohia Third Person Hosi, Hohi, Hohia Hosi, Hohi, Hohia
24. WIGT37: 3/163
Vyañjanädiaḥ QWAIGT37: [(@WHICL)+($37:)] Vyañjanadiaḥ [(Vyañjanāt) + (lah)]
--IC (28/1) 5/1 : () 1/1 Vyañjanät (Vyañjana) 5/1 laḥ (ia) 1/1 After Verbs ending in consonants, there occurs ia ($37). All consonant ending Verbs are actually a-ending Verbs. There occurs in the First, Second and Third Person, Singular and Plural, ia ($37) in place of the suffix of the Past Tense.
Past Tense (Hasa)
Singular Plural First Person
Hasia
Hasia Second Person Hasia
Hasia Third Person
Hasia
Hasia
3/164
25. D REHT
Tenásterásyahesi TITTEET ()+(3747:) +(IFA) +(SEL)]
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Tenásterásyahesi [(Tena) + (Asteḥ) + (Asi) + (Ahesi)] wa (a) 3/1 3769: (3767T) 6/1 371H ( 31169)1/1 BEST (BEST) 1/1 Tena (Ta) 3/1 Asteḥ (Asti) 6/1 Āsi (Asi) 1/1 Ahesi (Ahesi) 1/1 In place of as+asa( 3TA), alongwith the suffixes of the Past Tense, there occur asi (IFA) and ahesi (EL). In the First, Second and Third Person, Singular and Plural, in place of as+asa( 377) alongwith the suffixes of Past Tense, there occur asi (341fA) and ahesi ( 3TER).
Past Tense (Asa) Singular
Plural: First Person Ási, Ahesi
Asi, Ahesi Second Person Asi, Ahesi
Asi, Ahesi Third Person Asi, Ahesi
Asi, Ahesi
26. WICEAGIRI sat 3/165
Jjätsaptamyä Irvă
CH4161 $af [(57TCL+(HERI:)+(7:)+(21)] Jjätsaptamya Irvå [(Jjāt) + (Saptamyāḥ) + (lḥ) + (Vā)] VEICI (55) 5/1 GRT: (61) 5/1 9: (3) 1/1 an Jjāt (Jja) 5/1 Saptamyāḥ (Saptami) 5/1 lḥ (1) 1/1 Vä - Alternatively Alternatively, after ija (2) there occurs the i(3) suffix in the Imperative. Alternatively, if jja (WT) is after any Verb, there occurs the i (7) suffix in the Imperative.
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Imperative (Hasa) Singular
Plural First Person Hasejjai
Hasejjai Second Person Hasejjai
Hasejjai Third Person Hasejjai
Hasejjai (By applying Sūtra 3/158, a of a-ending verbs becomes e (C)).
Imperative (sha) Singular
Plural First Person Thajjai
Thajjai Second Person Thajjai
Thajjai Third Person Thajjai
Thajjai (By applying Sūtra 1/84 on having a conjunct letter after a long vowel, the long vowel become short).
Imperative (Ho) Singular
Plural First Person Hojjai
Hojjai Second Person Hojjai
Hojjai Third Person Hojjai
Hojjai
7. ufafa fecufa: 3/166
Bhavisyati Hirādiḥ ufquifa faufa: vfquefa [(fe:)+ (yfa:)] Bhavisyati Hiradih Bhavisyati [(Hih) + (Ādiņ)] ufquife ( fauna) 7/1 fe: (FE) 1/1 tifa : (371fc) 1/1 fa Bhavisyati (Bhavisyat) 7/1 Hiḥ (Hi) 1/1 Ādiņ (Adi) 1/1 Adj. In the Future Tense, the hi (fa) suffix is first added after a Verb. In the Future Tense, the hi (fa) suffix is first added after a Verb, in place of the Future signifying suffixes syati, syate, etc. (Pifa, Rid), after which the suffixes for the corresponding Person and Number for the Present Tense are added.
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Future Tense (Hasa) Singular
Plural First Person Hasihimi, etc. Hasihimo, etc. Second Person Hasihisi, etc.
Hasihiha, etc. Third Person Hasihii, etc.
Hasihinti, etc. Future Tense (sha) Singular
Plural First Person Thāhimi
Thāhimo, etc. Second Person Thāhisi.
Thāhiha, etc. Third Person Thāhii, etc.
Tháhinti; etc. Future Tense (Ho) Singular
Plural First Person Hohimi
Hohimo, etc. Second Person Hohisi
Hohiha, etc. Third Person Hohii, etc.
Hohinti, etc.
28. fn--- FIT 791 3/167
Mi-Mo-Mu-Me Sså Há Na Va [(fa)-(HT)-(5)-(A) 7/1) FT (FH) 1/1 7 (T) 1/1 791 [(Mi) - (Mo) - (Mu) - (Ma) 7/1] Ssă (Ssā) 1/1 Hā (Hā) 1/1 Na Vā - Alternatively Alternatively, in the Future Tense, on having the suffixes mi, mo, mu and ma (FH, H, I and A), there occur ssa (291) and hå (ET). Alternatively, in the Future Tense on having mi (FA) (suffix of the Present Tense, First Person, Singular Number) and on having mo, mu and ma (H1, and ) (suffixes of the Present Tense, First Person, Plural Number), there occur sså (Y) and hå (ET).
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First Person
First Person
First Person
Future Tense (Hasa)
Singular Hasissämi,
Hasihāmi, etc.
Future Tense (Tha)
Singular
Thässämi,
Thāhāmi, etc.
Future Tense (Ho)
Singular
Hossǎmi,
Hohāmi, etc.
29. मो - मु-मानां हिस्सा हित्था

Plural
Hasissȧmo,
Hasihāmo, etc.
Plural
Thassȧmo,
Thāhāmo etc.
3/168
Mo-Mu-Manȧm Hissä Hitthå
मो-मु-मानां हिस्सा हित्था मो- मु - [ (मानाम्) + (हिस्सा ) ] हित्था Mo-Mu-Manȧm Hissä Hittha Mo-Mu-[(Manām) +
Plural
Hossāmo, Hohȧmo, etc.
(Hissä)] Hitthä
[(Ħ)-(F)-(Ħ) 6/3] fætu (farm) 1/1 fæcen (fécen) 1/1 [(Mo) - (Mu) -(Ma) 6/3] Hissä (Hissä) 1/1 Hittha (Hittha) 1/1
Advanced Präkṛta-Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II)
There occur hissá and hittha ( हिस्सा and हित्था ) in place of mo, mu and ma (Я, andЯ).
In the Future Tense if after Verbs there are himo, himu and hima (feì, fey and f) (Sūtra 3/157) and ssamo, ssȧmu ssȧma, hảmo, hāmu and hảma (4), स्सामु, स्साम, हामो, हामु and हाम) (Sutra 3 / 157), hissá (हिस्सा) and hittha (fr) are added in their place.
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(1)(i)(हस + हिमो, हिमु, हिम) : (हस + हिस्सा, हित्था) : हसिहिस्सा,
हसिहित्था, हसेहिस्सा, हसेहित्था (भविष्यत्काल, उत्तम पुरुष, बहुवचन) (Hasa + himo, himu, hima) = (Hasa + hissa, hitthā) = Hasihissa, Hasihittha, Hasehissa, Hasehitthā (Future Tense, First Person, Plural Number)
(ii)(हस + स्सामो, स्सामु, स्साम) = (हस + हिस्सा, हित्था) = हसिहिस्सा,
हसिहित्था, हसेहिस्सा, हसेहित्था (भविष्यत्काल, उत्तमपुरुष, बहुवचन) (Hasa + ssamo, ssamu, ssāma) = (Hasa + hissa, hitthā) = Hasihissa, Hasihitthā, Hasehissa, Hasehitthā . (Future Tense, First Person, Plural Number)
(iii)(हस + हामो, हामु, हाम): (हस + हिस्सा, हित्था)- हसिहिस्सा, हसिहित्था, हसेहिस्सा, हसेहित्था (भविष्यत्काल, उत्तम पुरुष, बहुवचन) (Hasa + hamo, hamu, hama) = (Hasa + hissa, hitthā) : Hasihissa, Hasihitthā, Hasehissa, Hasehittha (Future Tense, First Person, Plural Number) (By applying Sūtra 3/157, the ending a becomes i and
30. मेः स्सं 3/169
Meḥ Ssam मेः (मि) 6/1 स्सं (स्सं) 1/1 Meh (Mi) 6/1 Ssam (Ssam) 1/1 There occurs ssam (स्सं) in place of mi (मि). In the Future Tense if there are himi (हिमि) (Sutra 3/157), ssāmi and hāmi (स्सामि and हामि) (Sutra 3/157) after Verbs, the suffix, ssam (स्सं) is added in their place.
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(1) (i) (हस + हिमि) = (हस + स्सं) = हसिस्सं, हसेस्सं
(भविष्यत्काल, उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन) (Hasa +himi) = (Hasa + ssam) = Hasissam, Hasessam (Future Tense, First Person, Singular Number)
(ii) (हस + स्सामि) = (हस + स्सं) = हसिस्सं, हसेस्सं
(भविष्यत्काल, उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन) (Hasa +ssami) = (Hasa + ssam) = Hasissam, Hasessam (Future Tense, First Person, Singular Number)
(iii) (हस + हामि) = (हस + स्सं) = हसिस्सं, हसेस्सं
(भविष्यत्काल, उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन) (Hasa +hami) = (Hasa + ssam) = Hasissam, Hasessam
(Future Tense, First Person, Singular Number) (By applying Sūtra 3/157, the ending a becomes i and e). .
31. दु सुमु विध्यादिष्वेकस्मिंस्त्रयाणाम्
3/173 · Du Su Mu Vidhyādişvekasmimstrayaņām दु सु मु विध्यादिष्वेक स्मिंस्त्रयाणाम् दु सु मु [(विधि)+(आदिषु)+(एकस्मिन्)+(त्रयाणाम्)] Du Su Mu Vidhyadişvekasmiństrayāņām Du Su Mu [(Vidhi) + (Ādiņu) + (Ekasmin) + (Trayāņām)] दु (दु) 1/1 सु(सु) 1/1 मु (मु)1/1[(विधि)+(आदि) 7/3] एकस्मिन् (एक) 7/1 त्रयाणाम् (त्रय) 6/3 Du (Du) 1/1 Su (Su) 1/1 Mu (Mu)1/1[(Vidhi) + (Adi) . 7/3]Ekasmin(Eka) 7/1Trayanam (Traya) 6/3 In the Imperative, in the three Persons Singular, there occur respectively duhu,su and mu(दु →उ ,सु and मु ).
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In the Imperative in the three Persons Singular, there occur respectively duu, su and mu दु उ सु and मु in place of the suffixes (tu, tām, etc.) (,). (विधि, अन्यपुरुष, एकवचन)
(1) (i) (हस + उ) = हसउ, हसेउ
(Hasa+u) = Hasau, Haseu (Imperative, Third Person, Singular Number) (विधि, मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन)
(ii) (हस + सु) = हससु, हसेसु
(Hasa + su) = Hasasu, Hasesu
(iii)(हस + मु) = हसमु, हसेमु
(Imperative, Second Person, Singular Number) (विधि, उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन) (Hasa+mu) = Hasamu, Hasemu
(Imperative, First Person, Singular Number)
(By applying Sūtra 3/158, the ending a becomes e).
32. सोर्हिर्वा
40
3/174
Sorhirvä
सोर्हिर्वा [ (सो: ) + (हि:)] वा
Sorhirva [(Soḥ) + (Hiḥ)] Vā
सो: (सु) 6/1 हि: (हि) 1/1 वा
Soḥ (Su) 6/1 Hiḥ (Hi) 1/1 Vă = Alternatively Alternatively, there also occurs hi (fe) in place of su (सु).
In the Imperative there also occurs hi (f) in place of su () (suffix of the Second Person Singular).
(हस + सु) = (हस + हि) = हसहि,
हसेहि
(विधि, मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन)
(Hasa + su) = (Hasa+hi) = Hasahi, Hasehi
(Imperative, Second Person, Singular Number)
(By applying Sūtra 3/158, the ending a becomes e).

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33. अत इज्जस्विज्जहीज्जे - लुको वा Ata Ijjasvijjahijje-Luko Vā अत इज्जस्विज्जहीज्जे - लुको वा [(अत:)+(इज्जसु)+(इज्जहि)+(इज्जे) + (लुकः) + (वा) ]
Ata Ijjasvijjahijje - Luko Vā [ (Atah)+(ljjasu)+(Ijjahi) + (ljje) + (Lukah) + (Vā)]
अत: (अत्) 5/1 [(इज्जसु) - (इज्जहि) - (इज्जे) - (लुक्) 1/3] वा Atah (Ata) 5/1 [ ( Ijjasu) - (ljjahi) - ( Ijje ) - (Luk) 1 / 3] Vă = Alternatively
Alternatively, after a- ending Verbs, there occur ijjasu, ijjahi, ijje and lopa (Zero) (इज्जसु, इज्जहि, इज्जे and लोप प्रत्यय) in place of su (सु).
Alternatively, in the Imperative, after a- ending Verbs, there occur ijjasu, ijjahi, ijje and lopa ( zero ) ( इज्जसु, इज्जहि, इज्जे and लोप ('0' ) प्रत्यय) in place of su (suffix of the Second Person Singular).
(हस + सु) = (हस + इज्जसु, इज्जहि, इज्जे, लोप ('0' ) प्रत्यय) हसेज्जसु, हसेज्जहि, हसेज्जे, हस (विधि, मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन ) (Hasa + su) = (Hasa + ljjasu, Ijjahi, Ijje and zero (lopa))
Hasejjasu, Hasejjahi, Hasejje, Hasa
(Imperative, Second Person, Singular)
.
34. बहुषु न्तु ह मो
Bahuşu Ntu Ha Mo
बहुषु न्तु ह मो बहुषु तु [(ह:)+(मो)]
3/176
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3/175
Bahuşu Ntu Ha Mo Bahusu Ntu [ (Hah) + (Mo)] बहुषु (बहु) 7/3 न्तु (न्तु) 1/1 ह: (ह) 1/1 मो (मो) 1/1
Bahusu (Bahu) 7/3 Ntu (Ntu) 1 / 1 Hah (Ha) 1 / 1 Mo (Mo) 1/1

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In the Plural Number, there occur ntu, ha and mo (न्तु, ह and मो) (respectively). In the Third Person, Second Person and First Person Plural, there occur respectively ntu, ha and mo (न्तु, ह and HÌ) in place of the suffixes of the Imperative (antu,
antām, etc.). (1) (i) (हस + अन्तु, अन्ताम) =(हस + न्तु) = हसन्तु, हसेन्तु
(विधि, अन्यपुरुष, बहुवचन) (Hasa + antu, antam) =(Hasa + ntu) = Hasantu, Hasentu
(Imperative, Third Person, Plural Number) (ii) (हस + अन्तु, अन्ताम) = (हस + ह) : हसह, हसेह
(विधि, मध्यमपुरुष, बहुवचन) (Hasa + antu, antām) =(Hasa + ha) = Hasaha, Haseha'
(Imperative, Second Person, Plural Number) : (iii) (हस + अन्तु, अन्ताम) =(हस + मो) = हसमो, हसेमो
(विधि, उत्तमपुरुष, बहुवचन) । (Hasa + antu, antām) =(Hasa + mo) = Hasamo, Hasemo
(Imperative, First Person, Plural Number) (By applying Sutra 3/158, ending a has become e).
35. वर्तमाना - भविष्यन्त्योश्च ज्ज ज्जा वा 3/177
Vartamána - Bhavisyantyośca Jja Jjä Vä वर्तमाना - भविष्यन्त्योश्च ज्ज ज्जा वा [(वर्तमाना)+(भविष्यन्त्योः )+(च)] [(ज्जः)+(ज्जा)] वा Vartamána-Bhavisyantyośca Jja Jjä Vä [(Vartamānā) + (Bhavisyantyoh) + (Ca)] [(Jjah) + (Jjā)] Vä [(वर्तमाना)-(भविष्यन्ति) 7/2] च ज्जः (ज्ज) 1/1 ज्जा (ज्जा) 1/1 वा
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(i)
[(Vartamānā)- (Bhavisyanti) 7/2) Ca = And Jjaḥ( Jja) 1/1 Jja (Jjā) 1/1 Vā - Alternatively Alternatively, in the Present Tense, Future Tense and (Imperative), there occur ija and jja ( w and w). Alternatively, in the Present Tense, the Future Tense and the Imperative, there occur jja and jjä (567 and I) in place of the suffixes for all Persons, Singular and Plural.
Present Tense (Hasa) Singular
Plural First Person Hasejja, Hasejjā Hasejja, Hasejjā Second Person Hasejja, Hasejjā Hasejja, Hasejjā Third Person Hasejja, Hasejjā Hasejja, Hasejja
Imperative (Hasa) Singular
Plural First Person Hasejja, Hasejja Hasejja, Hasejja Second Person Hasejja, Hasejja Hasejja, Hasejja Third Person Hasejja, Hasejja Hasejja, Hasejja
Future Tense (Hasa) Singular
Plural First Person Hasejja, Hasejja Hasejja, Hasejjā Second Person Hasejja, Hasejjā Hasejja, Hasejja Third Person Hasejja, Hasejjā Hasejja, Hasejja
(By applying Sūtra 3/159, ending a has become e). (ii) (ET + JA, FOTI) FOR, FICUT
(Ho + jja, jjā) - Hojja, Hojja
(In all Tenses, Persons and Numbers) (iii) (A + BT, WII) = 31001 Jout, Bloll → Joull
(Thả + jja, jjā) - Thājja → Thajja, Thājjā → Thajja . (In all Tenses, Persons and Numbers)
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. 36. He a RIIGI
3/178 Madhye Ca Svarāntādvā 7827 a FATTIGI 787 a [(at )+(91)] Madhye Ca Svarāntadva Madhye Ca [(Svarāntāt) + (Vā)] HTET (HEZ) 7/1 a TOTIC (951) 5/1 al Madhye (Madhya) 7/1 Ca = and Svarāntāt (Svarānta) 5/1 Vā - Alternatively
Alternatively, after the vowel ending Verbs, the jja and ija ( w and ) suffixes are added in the middle. Alternatively, after å-ending and o -ending Verbs except a-ending Verbs, and before the suffixes of the Present, Future and Imperative, jja and jja (ty and WHI) suffixes are added in the middle.
Present Tense (Ho) Singular
Plural First Person Hojjami, Hojjami Hojjamo, Hojjamo
Hojjamu, Hojjamu
Hojjama, Hojjāma Second Person Hojjasi, Hojjāsi Hojjaittha, Hojjitthā Hojjase, Hojjāse Hojjaittha,
Hojjaha, Hojjäha Third Person Hojjai, Hojjai
Hojjanti, Hojjānti Hojjae, Hojjāe Hojjante, Hojjante
Hojjaire, Hojjāire Imperative (Ho) Singular
Plural First Person Hojjamu, Hojjamu Hojjamo, Hojjāmo Second Person Hojjahi, Hojjahi Hojjaha, Hojjaha
Hojjasu, Hojjāsu Third Person Hojjau, Hojjāu Hojjantu, Hojjantu
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Future Tense (Ho) Singular
Plural First Person (i) Hojjahimi, Hojjāhimi, (i) Hojjahimo, Hojjähimo, (ii) Hojjassami,
Hojjahimu, Hojjāhimu, Hojjássāmi,
Hojjahima, Hojjähima, (iii) Hojjahāmi, Hojjahami, (ii) Hojjassămo, Hojjässämo, (iv) Hojjassimi, Hojjássimi Hojjassāmu, Hojjássämu,
Hojjassama, Hojjässäma, (iii) Hojjassimo, Hojjássimo,
Hojjassimu, Hojjássimu,
Hojjassima, Hojjāssima, (iv) Hojjahāmo, Hojjāhāmo,
Hojjahamu, Hojjāhamu,
Hojjahāma, Hojjāhāma Second Person Hojjahisi, Hojjahisi, Hojjahiha, Hojjähiha, Hojjahise, Hojjahise Hojjahidha, Hojjähidha,
Hojjahittha, Hojjāhittha ThirdPerson (i) Hojjahii, Hojjahii,
(i) Hojjahinti, Hojjähinti, Hojjahie, Hojjahie, Hojjahinte, Hojjähinte, (ii) Hojjassidi, Hojjássidi Hojjaire, Hojjāire,
(ii) Hojjassinti, Hojjássinti, Hojjassinte, Hojjássinte, Hojjassiire, Hojjássiire
37. f loat:
3/179 Kriyatipatteḥ . . f ifaqat: (falferufe) 6/1 Kriyātipatteḥ (Kriyātipatti) 6/1 Suffixes jja (W) and jja (W) occur in place of the Kriyatipatti (Conditional) suffixes (syat, syata etc.) (Pia, Pa). In all Persons and Numbers, suffixes jja (WT) and jjä (WIT) occur in place of the Kriyātipatti (Conditional) suffixes.
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First Person
Second Person
Third Person
38. न्त
46
Hasejja, Hasejjā
(By applying Sutra 3/159, ending a has become e).
-
माणौ
Nta - Māņau
[ ( न्त) - ( माण ) 1/2]
[(Nta) (Māņa) 1/2]
There occur nta () and māņa (H) in place of the Conditional suffixes.
Nta () and māņa (HT) are added to Verbs in place of the Conditional suffixes.
Masculine
Neuter
Feminine
Conditional (Hasa)
-
Singular
Hasejja, Hasejjā
Hasejja, Hasejjā
Hasejja, Hasejjā
First Person Second Person
Third Person

Note: According to Becaradāsa Dosi, these are used in Nominative Singular and Plural. [(syat, syata etc.) → nto, māņo, ntaṁ, māņaṁ, nti, māņi etc.]
3/180
Singular Plural Hasanto, Hasamāņo Hasantă, Hasamāṇā Hasantam, Hasamāṇaṁ Hasantaim, Hasamāṇāim
Hasanti, Hasamāṇī
Hasantio, Hasamāṇio
Hasanta, Hasamāṇā
Hasantão, Hasamāṇāo
Plural
Hasejja, Hasejjā
Hasejja, Hasejjā
"
Conditional (Hasa)
Singular
Hasanto, Hasanti
Hasanto, Hasanti Hasanto, Hasantam Hasanti
Plural
Hasantä, Hasantio
Hasantä, Hasantio
Hasantă, Hasantaim Hasantio
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Conditional (Hasa) Singular
Plural First Person Hasamāņo, Hasamāņi Hasamāņā, Hasamāņio Second Person Hasamano, Hasamáni Hasamána, Hasamanio Third Person Hasamāņo,
Hasamāna, Hasamānāim Hasamāṇam,
Hasamāņio Hasamani
39.
STEIERT:
3/181 Satļānasah
149: [(PT) + (371991:)] Śatļānaśaḥ [(Šaty) + (Anaśaḥ)] [(PT) - (311791) 6/1] [(Śatr) - (Anaś) 6/1] There occur nta (77) and måņa (779) in place of śat (T) + at (3751) and anaś (371) + ana or mana ( 3471, 47). There occur nta (59) and māņa (101) in place of the suffixes of the Present Participle satř( FT) and ånaś( 34172). (F4 + 77, 41) = HTT, 5444100 (Hasa + nta, māņa) Hasanta, Hasamaņa
40.
a ERIT
3/182 i Ca Striyam $($) 1/1 a fan ( T) 7/1 ī (ī) 1/1 Ca = and Striyām (Strī) 7/1 In the Feminine there occurs i($) alone and the other Feminine suffixes à , i( 341 , ), nta, mana, nti, mani (FTI, FITI, TI, ATt) in place of Present Participle suffixes. In the Feminine, there occur i ($) and other Feminine
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suffixes a,i (आ, ई) nta, manā, nti and mani (न्ता, माणा,
it and Hist) in place of the Present Participle suffixes. (1) (i) (हस + ई) - हसई (Hasa + i) = Hasai.
(ii) (हस + न्ता) = हसन्ता (Hasa + ntā) = Hasanta (iii) (हस + माणा) = हसमाणा (Hasa + mānā) = Hasamānā (iv) (हस + न्ती) - हसन्ती (Hasa +nti) = Hasanti (v) (हस + माणी) = हसमाणी (Hasa +mani) = Hasamani (Refer: Sutra 3/32, Advanced Prakrta Grammar (Part -1) Page No. 42.)
41. क्त्वस्तुमत्तूण - तुआणाः - 2/146
Ktvastumattūņa - Tuāņāḥ क्त्वस्तुमत्तूण - तुआणाः [(क्त्वः)+(तुम्)+(अत्)+(तूण)- (तुआणाः)] Ktvastumattuna • Tuānāh [(Ktvah) + (Tum) + (At) + (Tana) - (Tuānāh)] क्त्वः (क्त्वा) 6/1 [तुम्)-(अत्)-(तूण)-(तुआण) 1/3] Ktvah (Ktvā) 6/1 [(Tum) - (At) - (Tuna) - (Tuāna) 1/3] There occur tum+ um, (तुं → उं), at+a, (अत् → अ), tuna → una, (तूप → ऊप) and tuana → uāna (तुआप → उआप) in place of ktvā (क्वा). There occur tum → um, (तुं → उं), at+a, (अत् → अ), tuna →una, (तूण → ऊण) and tuana + uana (तुआण →
337141) in place of ktvå (oral) (suffix of Absolutive). (1) (i) (हस + उं) = हसिउं, हसेउं
(Hasa + um) = Hasium, Haseum (ii) (हस + अ) = हसिअ, हसेअ ____(Hasa + a) = Hasia, Hasea (iii) (हस + ऊण) = हसिऊण, हसेऊण, हसिऊणं, हसेऊणं
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(Hasa + ūņa) - Hasiūņa, Haseuņa, Hasiūņam,
Haseúņam (iv) (E4 + 3341) = 43371, E433TM, &f46371Vİ, FH33700 (Hasa + uāņa) - Hasiuāņa, Haseuāņa,
Hasiuäņam, Haseuāņam
Refer: According to Sūtra 3/157, there occur i and e in place of the ending vowel a. According to Sūtra 1/27, there occurs alternatively aņusvāra on the suffixes ūņa and uāņa.
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(ii) Śauraseni Prāksta: Verbs and Participles
Sūtras 4/268,4/271, 4/273 to 4/275

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Śauraseni Prākṣta: Verbs and Participles
42. 56- Egle
4/268 Iha - Hacorhasya SE-Etie € -[(691:)+(ERT)] Iha • Hacorhasya Tha - [(Hacoḥ) + (Hasya)] [(56)+(59) 6/2] EpA () 6/1 [(Iha) - (Hac) 6/2] Hasya (Ha) 6/1 There occurs dha in place of the ha inherent in Iha and hac. Alternatively, there occurs dha in place of the ha inherent in Iha (Indeclinable) and hac (suffix of the Present Tense, Second Person, Plural Number). FE +58 lha + Idha (Here) हसह →हसध (वर्तमानकाल, मध्यमपुरुष, बहुवचन ) Hasaha → Hasadha (Present Tense, Second Person,
Plural Number) · Refer to Hemacandra's Commentary for the use of dha.
(Sutra 4/268)
43. fe 54 - quit
4/271 Ktva Iya - Dūņau of 94 - quit [:(#9:)+(54)]- quit Ktva lya - Dúnau [(Ktvah) + (lya)] Dūņau 69: (021) 6/1 [(52) - (qu) 1/2] Ktvaḥ (Ktvā) 6/1 ((Iya) - (Dūņa) 1/2) There occur iya (51) and düņa (9) in place of ktvā → två (fall +91).
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Alternatively, there occur iya (4) and dūņa (7) in place of ktvå → två (dal →→) (suffix of Absolutive). Alternatively, there also occurs suffix ttà (M). इय, दूण, त्ता (Ktvā)iya, duna, tta
( क्त्वा)
(हस + इय, दूण, त्ता) = हसिय, हसिदूण, हसित्ता (संबंधक कृदन्त ) (Hasa iya, dūņa, ttā) Hasiya, Hasidūņa, Hasittä
44. दिरिचेचो :
52
(Absolutive).
Refer to Hemacandra's Commentary for the use of tta.
(Sütra 4/271)
=
Diricecoḥ
faftaat: [(fa:)+(3T) +(LÀ:)] Diricecoḥ [(Diḥ) + (Ic) + (Ecoḥ)] दि: (दि) 1/1 [ (इच्)-(एच्) 6/2]
Diḥ (Di) 1/1 [(Ic) - (Ec) 6/2]
There occurs di (f) in place of ic→i(→), and ec →e (एच् →F).
There occurs di suffix in place of i and e (suffixes of the Present Tense, Third Person, Singular Number). (1) (i)(हस + इ) =(हस + दि) = हसदि (वर्तमानकाल, अन्यपुरुष, एकवचन) (Hasa + i) = (Hasa + di) = Hasadi
4/273
(Present Tense, Third Person, Singular Number) (ii)(हस +ए) = (हस + दि) = हसदि (वर्तमानकाल,
अन्यपुरुष,

एक वचन)
(Hasa + e) = (Hasa + di) = Hasadi
(Present Tense, Third Person, Singular Number)
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45. 31a ara
4/274 Ato Desca 37 [(377:)+(?:) +(a)] Ato Desca ((Ataḥ) + (Deḥ) + (Ca)] 371: (377) 5/1 a: (a) 1/1 a = 3117 Ataḥ (At) 5/1 Deḥ (De) 1/1 Ca = and After a- ending Verbs there occur de (a) and di (fa) (in place of i() and e(T)). After a-ending Verbs, there occur de and di in place of i and e (suffixes of the Present Tense, Third Person,
Singular Number). (1) (i) (74 + F, 1) = (FH + fa, a) - Ehf, Età
(वर्तमानकाल, अन्यपुरुष, एकवचन) (Hasa + i, e) = (Hasa + di, de) - Hasadi, Hasade (Present Tense, Third Person, Singular Number) In Hemacandra's Commentary, the use of de is limited only to a-ending verbs. Therefore, for å -ending and o-ending Verbs only, the di (fa) suffix is used and the de (a) suffix is not
used. (1) (i) (@T+ F, T) = (2+ fa) = 31fc
(Țhā+i;e) = (Thá+di) = Țhādi (Tháde (ara) does not occur).
(Present Tense, Third Person, Singular Number), (ii) (ET+ 5, 1) = (ET+ fa) - Elf
(Ho+i,e) - (Ho+di) -Hodi (Hode (Ela) does not
occur. (Present Tense, Third Person, Singular Number)
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46. भविष्यति स्सिः
4/275 Bhavisyati ssiḥ भविष्यति (भविष्यत्) 7/1 स्सिः (स्सि) 1/1 Bhavisyati (Bhavisyat) 7/1 Ssih (Ssi) 1/1 In the Future Tense, the suffix ssi (fy) is added (then suffixes of Present Tense are added). In the Future Tense the suffix ssi (fy) is added, after which the corresponding suffixes of the Present Tense
with relevent Persons and Numbers are added.'' (1) (i) (हस + स्सि+ दि, दे) = हसिस्सिदि, हसिस्सिदे
(भविष्यत्काल, अन्यपुरुष, एकवचन) । (Hasa + ssi + di, de) = Hasissidi, Hasisside ... (Future Tense, Third Person, Singular Number) (ii) (हस + स्सि+ न्ति,न्ते, इरे) : हसिस्सिन्ति, हसिस्सिन्ते, हसिस्सिइरे (भविष्यत्काल, अन्यपुरुष, बहुवचन) (Hasa + ssi + nti, nte, ire) = Hasissinti, Hasissinte, Hasissiire
(Future Tense, Third Person, Plural Number) (2) (i) (हस + स्सि+ सि, से) = हसिस्सिसि, हसिस्सिसे
(भविष्यत्काल, मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन) (Hasa + ssi + si, se) = Hasissisi, Hasissise (Future Tense, Second Person, Singular Number) (ii) (हस + स्सि+ ह, इत्था, ध) = हसिस्सिह, हसिस्सिइत्था, हसिस्सिध (भविष्यत्काल, मध्यमपुरुष, बहुवचन) (Hasa + ssi + ha, itthā, dha) = Hasissiha, Hasissiittha, Hasissidha (Future Tense, Second Person, Plural Number)
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(3) (i) (हस + स्सि + मि) हसिस्सिमि
(भविष्यत्काल, उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन)
(Hasa + ssi + mi) = Hasissimi
=
(Future Tense, First Person, Singular Number)
(ii) (हस + स्सि + मो, मु, म) = हसिस्सिमो, हसिस्सिमु, हसिस्सिम (भविष्यत्काल, उत्तमपुरुष, बहुवचन)
(Hasa + ssi + mo, mu, ma) = Hasissimo, Hasissimu, Hasissima (Future Tense, First Person, Plural Number)
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(iii). Apabhraíśa: Verbs and Participles :
Sūtras 4/382 to 4/388, and
4/438 to 4/442

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Apabhraíśa: Verbs and Participles 47. त्यादेराद्य-त्रयस्य बहुत्वे हिं न वा 4/382
Tyaderådya - Trayasya Bahutve Him Na Vä त्यादेराद्य-त्रयस्य बहुत्वे हिं न वा [(ति)+(आदेः) +(आद्य)- (त्रयस्य)] Tyaderādya • Trayasya Bahutve Him Na Va [(Ti) + (Adeh) + (Adya) - (Trayasya)] [ (ति)-( आदि) 6/1] आद्यत्रयस्य (आद्यत्रय) 6/1 बहुत्वे (बहुत्व) 7/1 हिं (हिं) 1/1 न वा [(Ti) - (Adi) 6/1] Adyatrayasya (Adyatraya) 6/1 Bahutve (Bahutva) 7/1Him (Him) 1/1 Na Va = Alternatively Alternatively, among the suffixes ti, etc. (ति) of the Three Persons there occurs him (fi) in place of the suffixes of Third Person Plural. Alternatively, among the suffixes ti, etc. (fa) of the Present Tense forms, there occurs him (fo) in place of the suffixes anti and ante signifying, the suffixes of Third Person Plural. (हस + अन्ति, अन्ते) = (हस + हिं) = हसहिं (वर्तमानकाल, प्रथमपुरुष (अन्यपुरुष) बहुवचन) (Hasa + anti, ante) = (Hasa + him) = Hasahim (Present Tense, Third Person, Plural Number) Alternatively: Hasanti, Hasante, Hasire
(हसन्ति, हसन्ते, हसिरे) (Sutra - 3/142) 48. मध्य -त्रयस्याद्यस्य हि: 4/383
Madhya • Trayasyadyasya Hiḥ मध्य -त्रयस्याद्यस्य हिः [(मध्य)-(त्रयस्य)+(आद्यस्य)] हिः Madhya • Trayasyādyasya Hih [(Madhya) - (Trayasya) + (Adyasya) Hih
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[(982)-(71) 6/1] 3ER (371T) 6/1 fe: (fe) 1/1 [(Madhya) - (Traya) 6/1] Ādyasya (Adya) 6/1 Hiḥ (Hi) 1/1 Among the Three Persons, there occurs hi in place of the suffixes si etc. (f) signifying, the suffixes of Second Person Singular. In the Present Tense, among the Three Persons, there occurs hi in place of the suffixes si, etc. (FA), signifying the suffixes of Second Person Singular. '' (E4 + FA) = ( + fy) = He (वर्तमानकाल, मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन) (Hasa + si) = (Hasa + hi) - Hasahi (Present Tense, Second Person, Singular Number) Alternatively: Hasasi, Hasase (EHRA, 549) (Sutra - 3/140)
49. Gerd E: 4/384
Bahutve Huḥ agret (alera) 7/1 E: (T) 1/1 Bahutve (Bahutva) 7/1 Huḥ (Hu) 1/1 There occurs hu in Second Person Plural . Alternatively, in the Present Tense among the Three Persons, there occurs hu in place of the suffixes tha and dhve (1, ed) signifying, the suffixes of Second Person Plural. (64+ 21, 2) = (F4 +)=EHE (adhn , 48214 49, E99A) (Hasa + tha, dhve) - (Hasa + hu) = Hasahu (Present Tense, Second Person, Plural Number) Alternatively: Hasaha, Hasittha (Ehe, fren) (Sutra - 3/143)
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50. अन्त्य - त्रयस्याद्यस्य उं
4/385
Antya - Trayasyadyasya Um
अन्त्य - त्रयस्याद्यस्य उं [ ( अन्त्य) - (त्रयस्य) + (आद्यस्य)] उं
Antya Trayasyadyasya Uṁ [(Antya) - (Trayasya) + (Ādyasya)] Um
[ ( अन्त्य) - (त्रय) 6 / 1] आद्यस्य (आद्य) 6/1 उं (उं) 1/1 [(Antya) - (Traya) 6/1] Ādyasya (Ādya) 6/1 Uṁ (Um)
1/1
There occurs um in the First Person Singular. Alternatively, in the Present Tense among the Three Persons, there occurs um in place of the suffixes (mi and i) (f4 and 3) signifying the suffixes of First Person Singular.
(हस + मि, इ) = (हस + उं) = हसउं
(वर्तमानकाल, उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन)
(Hasa+mi, i) = (Hasa + um) = Hasaum
(Present Tense, First Person, Singular Number) Alternatively: Hasami, Hasāmi, Hasemi
(हसमि, हसामि, हसेमि) (Sutra 3 / 141,3/154, 3 / 158)
•
51. बहुत्वे हुं Bahutve Hum
4/386
बहुत्वें (बहुत्व) 7/1 हुं (हुं) 1/1
Bahutve (Bahutva) 7/1 Hum (Hum) 1/1
There occurs hum in the First Person Plural. Alternatively, in the Present Tense among the Three Persons, there occurs hum in place of the suffixes (maḥ and mahe) (: and ) signifying the suffixes of First Person Plural.
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( हस + म:, महे) = (हस + हुं) = हसहुं (वर्तमानकाल, उत्तमपुरुष, बहुवचन)
60
52. हि -स्वयोरिदुदेत्
(Hasa + maḥ, mahe) =(Hasa + hum) (Present Tense, First Person, Plural Number) Alternatively: Hasamo, Hasamu, Hasama (हसमो, हसमु, हसम) (Sutra - 3/144)
·
4/387

Hi Svayoridudet
हि -स्वयोदुदेत्
[ ( स्वयोः)+(इत्) + (उत्)+(एत्) ]
Hi - Svayoridudet [(Svayoḥ) + (It) + (Ut) + (Et)] [(हि) - (स्व) 6/2] इत् (इत्) 1/1 उत् (उत्) 1/1 एत् (एत्) 1/1 [(Hi)- (Sva) 6/2] It (It) 1/1 - Ut (Ut) 1/1 - Et (Et) 1/1 There occur it→i (3), ut →u (3) and et →e (T) in place of the suffixes hi (f) and sva (a) signifying the suffixes of Second Person Singular.
In the Imperative among the Three Persons, there occur it →i (3), ut →→u (3) and et →e (T) in place of the suffixes hi (f) and sva(), signifying the suffixes of the Second Person Singular.
(हस + हि, स्व) = (हस + इ, उ, एं) हसि, हसु, हसे
(विधि एवं आज्ञा, मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन)
(Hasa+hi, sva) = (Hasa + i, u, e) Hasi, Hasu, Hase (Imperative, Second Person, Singular Number) Alternatively: Hasahi, Hasasu, Hasa (fé, нy, H) (Sutra - 3/173, 174)
=
Hasahum
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53. वत्सर्यति - स्यस्य सः
Vatsaryati - Syasya Saḥ
वत्सर्यति (वत्सर्यत्) 7/1 स्यस्य (स्य) 6/1 स: (स) 1/1 Vatsaryati (Vatsaryat) 7/1 Syasya (Sya) 6/1 Saḥ (Sa) 1/1
In the Future Tense, there occurs sa (H) in place of sya (P) (suffix of the Future Tense).
In the Future Tense, there occurs sa () in place of sya () (suffix of the Future Tense). After sya(),the suffixes of Person and Number of the Present Tense are added.
(By applying Sūtra 3/157, the a of a-ending Verbs changes into i and e before the Future Tense suffixes).
4/388
1.
=
(i) (हस + स्य) = (हस + स) = (हस + स+ इ, ए) हसिसइ, हसेसइ, हसिसए, हसेसए (भविष्यत्काल, अन्यपुरुष, एकवचन)
(Hasa + sya) = (Hasa + sa) = (Hasa + sa, i, e) =
Hasisai, Hasesai, Hasisae, Hasesae
(Future Tense, Third Person, Singular Number) (ii) (हस+ स्य) = ( हस + स ) = (हस + स + हिं) = हसिसहिं, हसेसहिं
(भविष्यत्काल, अन्यपुरुष, बहुवचन)
(Hasa + sya) = (Hasa + sa) = (Hasa + sa + him) Hasisahim, Hasesahim
(Future Tense, Third Person, Plural Number)
2. (i) (हस + स्य) = (हस + स) = (हस + स + हि) हसिसहि,
हसेसहि (भविष्यत्काल, मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन)
(Hasa + sya)= (Hasa + sa)= (Hasa +sa+hi) = Hasisahi, Hasesahi
Advanced Prakrta-Apabhraṁsa-Grammar (Part-II)

(Future Tense, Second Person, Singular Number) (ii) (हस + स्य) = (हस + स ) = (हस + स + हु) हसिसहु,
→
=
=
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'. हसेसहु (भविष्यत्काल, मध्यमपुरुष, बहुवचन) (Hasa + sya) = (Hasa + sa) = (Hasa + sa + hu) : . Hasisahu, Hasesahu
(Future Tense, Second Person, Plural Number) 3. (i) (हस + स्य) =(हस + स) = (हस + स + उं) = हसिसउं, हसेसउं
(भविष्यत्काल, उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन) (Hasa + sya) = (Hasa + sa) = (Hasa + sa+ um) = . Hasisauṁ, Hasesauí
(Future Tense, First Person, Singular Number) (ii) (हस + स्य) =(हस + स) =(हस + स + हुँ) : हसिसहं,
हसेसहं (भविष्यत्काल, उत्तमपुरुष, बहुवचन) (Hasa + sya) = (Hasa + sa) = (Hasa + sa+ hum) : Hasisahum, Hasesahum (Future Tense, First Person, Plural Number),
Alternatively: (1) (i) हसिहिइ, हसिहिए, हसेहिइ, हसेहिए ,
(भविष्यत्काल, अन्यपुरुष, एकवचन) । Hasihii, Hasihie, Hasehii, Hasehie
(Future Tense, Third Person, Singular Number) (ii) हसिहिन्ति, हसिहिन्ते, हसिहिइरे, हसेहिन्ति, हसेहिन्ते, हसेहिइरे
(भविष्यत्काल, अन्यपुरुष, बहुवचन) Hasihinti, Hasihinte, Hasihiire Hasehinti, Hasehinte, Hasehiire
(Future Tense, Third Person, Plural Number) (iii) हसिहिसि, हसिहिसे, हसेहिसि, हसेहिसे
(भविष्यत्काल, मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन) Hasihisi, Hasihise, Hasehisi, Hasehise
(Future Tense, Second Person, Singular Number) (iv) हसिहिह, हसिहित्था, हसेहिह, हसेहित्था
(भविष्यत्काल, मध्यमपुरुष, बहुवचन)
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Hasihiha, Hasihittha, Hasehiha, Hasehittha
(Future Tense, Second Person, Plural Number) (v) हसिहिमि, हसेहिमि (भविष्यत्काल, उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन)
Hasihimi, Hasehimi
(Future Tense, First Person, Singular Number) (vi) हसिहिमो, हसिहिमु, हसिहिम, हसेहिमो, हसेहिमु, हसेहिम
(भविष्यत्काल, उत्तमपुरुष, बहुवचन)
Hasihimo, Hasihimu, Hasihima, Hasehimo, Hasehimu, Hasehima, (Future Tense, First Person, Plural Number) (Sutra - 3/157)
54. तव्यस्य इएव्वउं एव्वउं एवा.
4/438 Tavyasya levvauṁ Evvaum Eva तव्यस्य (तव्य) 6/1 इएव्वउं (इएव्वउं) 1/1 एव्वउं (एव्वउं) 1/1 एवा (एवा) 1/1 Tavyasya (Tavya) 6/1 levvaum (levvaum) 1/1 Evvaum (Evvaum) 1/1 Eva (Evā) 1/1 There occur ievwaum, evvaum and evā (इएव्बउं, एव्वउं, and एवा) in place of tavya (तव्य). In the Obligatory and Potential Participle there occur ievvaum, evvaum and eva (इएव्वउं, एव्वउं and एवा) in place bf tavya (तव्य) (should, ought). [(tavya) +ievvaum, evvaum, evā] (कर + तव्य) = (कर + इएव्वउं, एव्वउं, एवा) = करिएव्वउं, क ख्वउं, कवा (विधि कृदन्त) (Kara + tavya) = (Kara +ievvaum, evvaum, evā) : Karievvaum, Karevvaum, Kareva (Obligatory and Potential Participle)
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55. क्त्व इ-इउ-इवि-अवयः 4/439
Ktval-lu-Ivi-Avayah क्त्व इ-इउ-इवि-अवयः [(क्त्व:)+(इ)] Ktva I -Iu-lvi-Avayaḥ [(Ktvaḥ) + (1)] क्त्वः (क्त्वा ) 6/1 [(इ)-(इउ)-(इवि)- (अवि) 1/3] Ktvah (Ktvā) 6/1 [(1) - (lu) - (Ivi) - (Avi) 1/3] There occur i, iu, ivi and avi (5, 58, sfa and 31fa) in place of ktvā (क्वा). In the Absolutive there occur i, iu, ivi and avi (इ, इउ, इवि and अवि) in place of ktvā (क्त्वा ) (suffixes of . Absolutive). (कर + क्त्वा) =(कर + इ, इउ, इवि, अवि) : करि, करिठ, करिवि,
क रवि (संबंधक कृदन्त) (Kara + ktvā) =(Kara + i, iu, ivi, avi) = Kari, Kariu, Karivi, Karavi (Absolutive)
56. एप्प्येप्पिण्वेव्येविणवः
4/440 Eppyeppiņvevyeviņavaḥ एप्येप्पिण्वेव्येविणवः [(एप्पि)+(एप्पिणु)+(एवि)+(एविणव:)] Eppyeppiņvevyeviņavaḥ [(Eppi) + (Eppiņu) + (Evi) + (Evinavah)] [(एप्पि)-(एप्पिणु)-(एवि)-(एविणु) 1/3] [(Eppi) - (Eppinu) - (Evi) - (Evinu)1/3] There occur eppi, eppinu, evi and evinu (एप्पि, एप्पियु, एवि and एविपु) in place of ktvā (क्वा). Additionally, in the Absolutive, there occur eppi, eppinu, evi and evinu (एप्पि, एप्पिणु, एवि and एविणु) in place of ktvā (क्त्वा ) (suffixes of Absolutive). (कर + क्त्वा) :(कर + एप्पि, एप्पिणु, एवि, एविणु) = करेप्पि, करेप्पिणु, करेवि, करेविणु (संबंधक कृदन्त)
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(Kara + ktvā) = (Kara + eppi, eppiņu, evi, eviņu) = Kareppi, Kareppinu, Karevi, Karevinu (Absolutive)
57. तुम एवमणाणहमणहिं च 4/441
Tuma Evamaņāņahamaņahim Ca तुम एवमणाणहमणहिं च [(तुमः)+(एवम्)+(अण)+(अणहम्)+ (अणहिं)] च Tuma Evamananahamanahim Ca [(Tumah) + (Evam) + (Ana) + (Anaham) + (Anahim)] Ca तुमः (तुम्) 6/1 एवम् (एवम्) 1/1 अण (अण) 1/1 अणहम् (अणहम्) 1/1 अणहिं (अणहिं) 1/1 च Tumah (Tum) 6/1 Evam (Evam) 1/1 Ana (Ana) 1/1 Anaham (Anaham) 1/14Anahim) Anahim 1/1 Ca = and There occur evam, ana, anaham and anahim (एवं, अप, अपहं and अपहि) and eppi, eppinu, evi and evinu (एप्पि, एप्पिषु, एवि and एविपुं) in place of tum → tum (तुं). In the Infinitive,there occur evam, ana, anaham and anahim (एवं, अण, अणहं and अणहिं) and eppi, eppinu, evi and evinu(एप्पि, एप्पिणु, एवि and एविणु) in place of tum → tum (तुं) suffix of Infinitive. (क र + तुं) = (क र + एवं, अण, अणहं, अणहिं, एप्पि, एप्पिणु, एवि, एविणु) = क खं, कारण, क रणहं, क रणहिं, क रेप्पि, क रेप्पिणु, क रेवि, करेविणु (हेत्वर्थक कृदन्त) (Kara + tum) = (Kara + evam, ana, anaham, anahim, eppi,eppinu,evi,evinu)=Karevam,Karana,Karanaham, Karanahim,Kareppi, Kareppinu, Karevi, Karevinu (Infinitive)
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58. गमेरेप्पिण्वेप्योरेलुंग वा 4/442
Gamereppiņveppyorerlug Vä गमेरेप्पिण्वेप्प्योलुंग वा [(गमेः)+(एप्पिणु)+(एप्प्योः )+(ए:)+(लुक्) + (वा)] Gamereppinveppyorerlug Vā [(Gameh) + (Eppinu) + (Eppyoh) + (Eh) + (Luk) + (Va)] . गमेः (गमि) 5/1 [(एप्पिणु)-(एप्पि) 7/2] ए: (ए) 6/1 लुक् (लुक्) 1/1 वा Gameh (Gami) 5/1 [(Eppinu) - (Eppi) 7/2] Eh (E) 6/1Luk (Luk) 1/1 Va = Alternatively Alternatively, there is the disappearance of the Vowel 'e' (ए) of the suffixes eppinu (एप्पियु) and eppi (एप्पि) after the Verb-root gami→ gam(गमि → गम). . In the Infinitive and the Absolutive, the e () of eppiņu (एप्पिणु) and eppi (एप्पि) disappear after the Verb-root gami + gam(गमि → गम). (गम् +एप्पिणु) = गम्पिणु (संबंधक, हेत्वर्थक कृदन्त) (Gam + eppinu) = Gampinu (Absolutive, Infinitive ) (गम् +एप्पि) = गम्पि (संबंधक, हेत्वर्थक कृदन्त) (Gam + eppi) = Gampi (Absolutive, Infinitive ) Alternatively: (गम् +एप्पिणु) = गमेप्पिणु (संबंधक, हेत्वर्थक कृदन्त)
(Gam + eppiņu) - Gameppiņu (Absolutive, Infinitive ) (गम् +एप्पि) = गमेप्पि (संबंधक, हेत्वर्थक कृदन्त) (Gam + eppi) = Gameppi (Absolutive, Infinitive)
......
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Appendix - 1 (i) Conjugation of Verbs in Prāksta

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First Person
Third Person
68
Present Tense
a-ending Verb (Hasa)

Singular
Hasami (3/141),
Hasāmi (3/154),
Hasemi (3/158),
Hasāmo, Hasāmu, Hasāma,
Hasam (3/141 Ki Vṛtti), Hasimo, Hasimu, Hasima
Hasejja, Hasejjā,
(3/155),
(3/177, 3/159)
Hasemo, Hasemu, Hasema
(3/158),
Second Person Hasasi, Hasase (3/140), Hasaha, Hasittha, Hasadha
Hasesi, Hasese (3/158), (3/143, 4/268),
Hasejja, Hasejjā
(3/177, 3/159)
Plural
Hasamo, Hasamu, Hasama (3/144),
Hasejja, Hasejjā,
(3/177, 3/159)
Hasejja, Hasejjā
(3/177, 3/159)
Haseha, Haseitthā, Hasedha
(3/158),
Hasejja, Hasejjā
(3/177, 3/159)
Hasai, Hasae (3/139),
Hasadi, Hasade
(4/273, 4/274),
Hasei, Hasedi (3/158), (3/158),
Hasanti, Hasante, Hasire
(3/142),
Hasenti, Hasente, Haseire
Hasejja, Hasejjā
(3/177, 3/159)
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Present Tense a-ending Verb -Suffixes
First Person
Singular
Plural mi (3/141,3/154, mo, mu, ma(3/144, 3/155. 3/158),
3/158), < (3/141 Ki Vrtti), jja, jja (3/177, 3/159) jja, jjā (3/177, 3/159)
Second Person
si, se (3/140, 3/158) ha, itthá,dha (3/143, 3/158, jja, jjā (3/177, 3/159) 4/268),
jja, jjā (3/177, 3/159)
Third Person
i, e (3/139)
nti, nte, ire (3/142, 3/158), di, de (4/273, 4/274, jja, jjä (3/177, 3/159) 3/158) jja, jjā (3/177, 3/159)
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Present Tense å-ending, o- ending Verbs (Tha and Ho)
First Person
Thaijā
.
Singular
Plural Thami (3/141),
Thamo, Thámu, Thama Thajja, Thājjā
(3/144), (3/177, 1784), Thājja, Thajja Thājjami, Thājjami (3/177), (3/178, 3/141, 1/84) Thájjamo, Thajjamu, Thajjama,
Thājjāmo, Thājjāmu, Thajjāma (3/178, 3/144)
Second Person
Thasi (3/140) Thājja, Thājjā (3/177)
Thājjasi, Thajjase,
Thāha, Tháitthà, Thadha (3/143, 4/268), Thājja, Thájjā (3/177), Thājjaha, Țhājjaittha, Tkājjadha,
Thājjasi, Thājjāse (3/178, 3/140)
Thájjäha, Thājjaittha, Thājjadha (3/178, 3/143, 4/268)
Third Person
Thai, Thadi (3/139,
4/273) Thājja, Thājjā,(3/177), Thājjai, Thajjae, Thājjāi, Thājjāe (3/178, 3/139)
Thanti, Thante, Tháire (3/142, 1/84), Thājja, Thajjā,(3/177) Thājjanti, Țhājjante, Thājjaire, Thājjānti, Thājjänte, Thājjāire (3/178, 3/142)
Note: Similarly 'Ho' can be conjugated
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Present Tense å-ending, o-ending Verb -Suffixes
Singular
Plural
First Person
mo, mu, mal3/144)
mi (3/141), jja, jjā (3/177) jjami, jjami (3/178)
jja, jjä (3/177).
jjamo, jjamu, jjama, jjāmo, jjāmu, jjama (3/178)
Second Person
si (3/140),
jja, jjä (3/177)
jjasi, jjase jjasi, jjāse, (3/178)
ha, itthá, dha (3/143, 4/268) jja, jjā (3/177) jjaha, jjaitthå, jjadha, jjaha, jjāitthā, jjadha (3/178, 3/143, 4/268)
Third Person
i, di (3/139,4/273),
nti, nte, ire (3/142),
jja, jja (3/177).
jjanti, jjante, jjaire,
jja, jjā (3/177), jjai, jjae, jjai, jjãe, (3/178, 3/139)
jjānti, jjante, jjāire (3/178, 3/142)
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Imperative a-ending Verb (Hasa)
First Person
Singular Hasamu (3/173), Hasemu (3/158), Hasejja, Hasejjā (3/177, 3/159),
Plural Hasamo (3/176), Hasemo, (3/158),. Hasejja, Hasejja (3/177, 3/159),
Hasejjai, Hasejjai
Haseiiai. Haseijai
(3/165, 3/159)
(3/165, 3/159)
Second Person Hasasu (3/173), Hasaha (3/176),
Hasahi (3/174), Haseha (3/158), Hasesu, Hasehi (3/158), Hasejja, Hasejjå Hasejjasu, Hasejjahi, (3/177, 3/159) Hasejje, Hasa (3/175), Hasejjai, Hasejjäi Hasejja, Hasejjā (3/165, 3/159) (3/177, 3/159)
Hasejjai, Hasejjai (3/165, 3/159)
Third Person
Hasau (3/173),
Haseu (3/158), Hasejja, Hasejja (3/177, 3/159), Hasejjai, Hasejjāi (3/165, 3/159)
Hasantu (3/176), Hasentu (3/158), Hasejja, Hasejja (3/177, 3/159),
Hasejjai, Hasejjäi
(3/165, 3/159)
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Imperative a-ending Verb - Suffixes
Singular
Plural
First Person
mu (3/173,3/158), mo (3/176, 3/158), jja, jjā (3/177, 3/159) jja, jjä (3/177, 3/159) jjai, jjäi (3/165, 3/159) jjai, jjāi (3/165, 3/159)
Second Person su, hi (3/173, 3/174) ha (3/176, 3/158), 3/158),
jja, jja (3/177, 3/159), ijjasu, ijjahi, ijje, '0' ijai, jjäi (3/165, 3/159) (zero suffix) (3/175), jja, jjā (3/177, 3/159), jjai, jjäi (3/165, 3/159)
Third Person
u (3/173, 3/158) ntu (3/176, 3/158) jja, sjá (3/177, 3/159) jja, jjā (3/177, 3/159) jjai, jjāi (3/165, 3/159) jjai, jjai (3/165, 3/159)
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Imperative å-ending, o- ending Verbs (Țha and Ho)
First Person
Singular
Plural Thāmu (3/173), Thămo (3/176), Thajja, Thājjā (3/177), Thājja, Thājjā (3/177), Thājjamu, Thājjāmu Thājjamo, Thājjāmo (3/178, 3/173), (3/178, 3/176) Thājjai, Thājjāi (3/165) Thājjai, Țhājjāi (3/165)
Second Person
Thåsu, Thahi (3/173, 3/174), Thājja, Thājjā,(3/177) Thājjasu, Thajjāsu Thājjahi, Thājjāhi (3/178, 3/173, 3/174), Thājjai, Thājjāi (3/165)
Thàhal3/176), Thajja, Thājjä (3/177) Thājjaha, Thajjaha (3/178, 3/176) Thājjai, Thājjāi (3/165)
Third Person
Thấu (3/173)
Thằntu + Thantu (3/176), Thājja, Thajjā,(3/177), Thājja, Thājja (3/177), Thájjau, Thājjau . Thájjantu, Thajjäntu (3/178), (3/178),
Thājjai, Thājjāi (3/165) Thājjai, Thajjāi (3/165)
Note: Similarly 'Ho' can be conjugated
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Imperative å-ending, o- ending Verb - Suffixes
Plural
First Person
mo (3/176),
jja, jj, (3/177),
Singular mu (3/173), jja, jja (3/177), jjamu, jjamu (3/178, 3/173) jjai, jjāi (3/165)
jjamo, jjāmo (3/178, 3/176), jjai, jjāi (3/165)
Second Person
su, hi (3/173, 3/174), ha (3/176), jja, jjā (3/177)
jja, jjā (3/177), jjasu, jjāsu, jjahi, jjahi jjaha, jjaha (3/178, 3/176), (3/178, 3/173, 3/174), jjai, jjāi (3/165) jjai, jjái (3/165)
Third Person
u (3/173)
ntu (3/176),
jja, jja (3/177)
jja, jjå (3/177).
jjau, jjáu (3/178)
jjantu, jjāntu (3/178), jjai, jjải (3/165)
jjai, jjai (3/165)
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Past Tense a-ending Verb (Hasa)
First Person Second Person Third Person
Singular Hasia (3/163) Hasia (3/163) Hasia (3/163)
Plural Hasia (3/163) Hasia (3/163) Hasia (3/163)
Past Tense a-ending Verb - Suffix...
First Person Second Person Third Person
Singular la (3/163) la (3/163) ja (3/163)
Plural la (3/163) la (3/163) ja (3/163)
Past Tense å-ending, o- ending Verb (shả and Ho)
Singular
Plural First Person Thisi, Thihi, Thahia Thasi, Thāhi, Thahia (3/162)
(3/162). Second Person Thási, Thähi, Thāhia Thisi, Thihi, Thahĩa (3/162)
(3/162) Third Person Thasi, Thāhi, Thahia Thåsi, Thähi, Thahia (3/162)
(3/162) Note: Similarly ãHoâ can be conjugated
Past Tense å-ending, o- ending Verbs-Suffixes Singular
Plural si, hi, hia (3/162) si, hi, hia (3/162) si, hi, hia (3/162) si, hi, hia (3/162) si, hi, hia (3/162) si, hi, hia (3/162)
First Person Second Person Third Person
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Future Tense a-ending Verb (Hasa)
First Person
Singular Hasihimi, Hasissami, Hasihami (3/166, 3/167, 3/141), Hasehimi, Hasehami Hasessāmi (3/157), Hasissimi (4/275). Hasissam, Hasessam (3/169, 3/157)
Plural Hasihimo, Hasihimu, Hasihima, Hasehimo, Hasehimu, Hasehima (3/166, 3/157, 3/144) Hasissämo, Hasissämu, Hasissāma, Hasessåmo, Hasessämu, Hasessāma, Hasihamo, Hasihāmu, Hasihama, Hasehamo, Hasehamu, Haseháma
(3/167, 3/157, 3/144) Hasissimo, Hasissimu, Hasissima, (4/275) Hasihissa, Hasihittha, Hasehissä, Hasehitthā (3/168, 3/157)
Second Person Hasihisi, Hasihise, Hasihiha, Hasihittha,
Hasehisi, Hasehise Hasehiha, Hasehittha (3/166, 3/157, 3/140), (3/166, 3/157, 3/143) Hasissisi, Hasissise Hasissidha, Hasissiittha, (4/275)
Hasissiha (4/275, 4/268)
Third Person
Hasihii, Hasihie,
Hasihinti, Hasihinte, Hasihiire Hasehii, Hasehie
Hasehinti, Hasehinte, (3/166, 3/157, 3/139), Hasehiire Hasissidi, Hasisside (3/166, 3/157, 3/142), (4/275, 4/273) Hasissinti, Hasissinte,
Hasissiire (4/275)
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Future Tense a-ending Verb - Suffixes
Singular
First Person
himi, ssåmi, hami (3/166, 3/167, 3/157
Plural himo, himu, hima, ssamo, ssamu, ssama,
3/141),
hamo, hāmu, hama ssimi (4/275),
(3/166,3/167,3/157, 3/144) ssam (3/169, 3/157) ssimo, ssimu, ssima (4/275) (complete suffix) hissä, hitthå (3/168, 3/157)
(complete suffix) hisi, hise,
hiha, hittha, (3/166, 3/157, 3/140), (3/166, 3/157, 3/143) ssisi, ssise (4/275) ssidha, ssiitthā, ssiha
(4/275, 4/268) hii, hie,
hinti, hinte, hiire
Second Person
Third Person
(3/166, 3/157, 3/139), (3/166, 3/157, 3/142), ssidi, sside
ssinti, ssinte, ssiire (4/275, 4/273) (4/275)
First Person
Future Tense avending, o• endingVerbs (Thả and Ho) Singular
Plural Thahimi (3/166,3/141), Thahimo, Thẩhimu, Thảhima Thássámi, Thāhāmi
(3/166,3/144), (3/167, 3/141), Thåssåmo, Thåssåmu, Thåssåma Thassimi (4/275),
Thāhāmo, Tháhámu, Tháháma Thassam (3/169),
(3/167, 3/144), Thajja, Thajja (3/177), Thåssimo, Thảssimu, Thâssima Thájjahimi, Thājjāhimi, (4/275), Thájjassāmi, Thajjåssåmi, Thājja, Thājjā (3/177) Thājjahåmi, Thajjāhāmi, Thajjahimo, Thajjahimu,
Thājjahima, Thájjassimi, Thajjássimi, Thajjahimo, Thajjahimu, (3/178)
Thajjahima
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Thājjassamo, Thajjassamu, Thäjjassama, Thajjåssåmo, Thājjássámu, Thajjassama, Thājjahămo, Thajjahamu, Thájjahāma, Thäjjähámo, Thājjähámu, Thājjāhāma, Thájjassimo, Thajjassimu, Thăjjassima, Thäjjássimo, Thājjássimu, Thājjássima, (3/178), Thahissả, Thihittha (3/168)
Second Person
Thihisi (3/177, 3/140) Thâssisi (4/275), . Thājja, Thajja (3/177), Thajjahisi, Thajjahisi, Thájjahise, Thājjahise, (3/178), Thājjassisi, Thájjássisi, Thájjassise,Thájjássise (4/275)
Thihiha, Thahittha(3/166,3/143), Tháhidha (3/166, 4/268), Thåssiha, Thassiitthá, Thassidha (4/275, 3/143, 4/268), Thájja, Thājja (3/177), Thājjahiha, Thājjahittha, Thājjassidha, Thájjähiha, Thajjähitthå, Thájjássidha (3/178)
Third Person
Thähii (3/166, 3/139), Thähinti, Thảhinte, Tháhire or Thahidi (3/166, 4/273), Thähiire (3/166, 3/142), Thåssidi (4/275, 4/273), Thassinti, Thassinte, Thässiire Thajja, Thājjá,(3/177), (4/275, 3/142), Thajjahii, Thājjāhii,
Thájja, Thájjá,(3/177), • Thajjahie, Thajjahie,
Thajjahinti, Thājjähinti, . Thājjassidi, Thăjjássidi, Thājjahinte, Thajjähinte, (3/178)
Thajjahiire, Thajjahiire, Thājjassinti, Thājjássinti, Thājjassinte, Thājjássinte, Thājjassiire, Thājjássiire (3/178)
woul,
Note: Similarly ‘Ho' can be conjugated
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First Person
Second Person
Third Person
80

Future Tense
å-ending, o- ending Verb-Suffixes
Singular
himi, ssami, hami
(3/166,3/167,3/141),
ssimi (4/275),
ssam (3/169)
jja, jjä (3/177),
jjahimi, jjāhimi,
jjassāmi, jjāssāmi,
jjahāmi, jjāhāmi,
jjassimi, jjāssimi, (3/178)
hisi (3/177, 3/140), ssisi (4/275),
jja, jjā (3/177), jjahisi, jjähisi (3/178)
jjassisi, jjāssisi,
jjassise, jjässise (4/275)
hii (3/166, 3/139), hidi (3/166, 4/273), ssidi (4/275, 4/273) jja, jjä (3/177),
jjahii, jjähii,
jjahie, jjāhie,
jjassidi, jjässidi, (3/178)
Plural
himo, himu, hima (3/166, 3/144) ssāmo, ssāmu, ssāma, hāmo, hāmu, hama(3/167, 3/144) ssimo, ssimu, ssima (4/275), jja, jjä (3/177), jjahimo, jjahimu, jjahima, jjāhimo, jjāhimu, jjähima, jjassāmo, jjassāmu, jjasṣāma, jjāssāmo, jjāssāmu, jjāssāma, jjahāmo, jjahāmu, jjahāma, jjāhāmo, jjāhāmu, jjāhāma,
jjassimo, jjassimu, jjassima, jjāssimo, jjāssimu, jjāssima (3/178) hissä, hitthä (3/168)
hiha, hittha, (3/166, 3/143), hidha (3/166, 4/268) ssiha, ssiittha, ssidha (4/275, 3/143, 4/268), jja, jjā (3/177),
jjahiha, jjahitthā, jjassidha, jjähiha, jjähitthä, jjässidha(3/178)
hinti, hinte, hire or hiire
(3/166, 3/142),
ssinti, ssinte, ssiire (4/275, 3/142) jja, jjä (3/177),
jjahinti, jjähinti,
jjahinte, jjähinte,
jjahiire, jjähiire,
jjassinti, jjässinti,
jjassinte, jjässinte,
jjassiire, jjāssiire (3/178)
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Conditional a-ending, å-ending, o- ending Verbs
First Person
Singular Hasejja, Hasejja, (3/179, 3/159) Hasanta, Hasamana (3/180)
Plural Hasejja, Hasejja, (3/179, 3/159) Hasanta, Hasamăna (3/180)
Second Person
Hasejja, Hasejja, (3/179, 3/159) Hasanta, Hasamana (3/180)
Hasejja, Hasejja, (3/179, 3/159) Hasanta, Hasamäņa (3/180)
Third Person
Hasejja, Hasejjă, (3/179, 3/159) Hasanta, Hasamana (3/180)
Hasejja, Hasejjā, (3/179, 3/159) Hasanta, Hasamåņa (3/180)
Conditional a-ending, å-ending, o- ending Verb-Suffixes
First Person
Singular jja, jjā, (3/179, 3/159) nta, māņa (3/180)
• Plural
jja, jjá, (3/179, 3/159) nta, māna (3/180)
Second Person
jja, jjā, (3./179, 3/159) nta, māna (3/180)
jja, jjā, (3/179, 3/159) nta, mana (3/180)
::
Third Person
(3/179, 3/159) nta, mana (3/180)
jja, jjā, (3/179, 3/159) nta, māņa (3/180)
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(ii) Conjugation of Verbs in Apabhraṁsa

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Present Tense a-ending Verb (Hasa)
Singular
Plural First Person Hasauṁ (4/385), Hasahuṁ (4/386),
Hasami (3/141), Hasamo, Hasamu, Hasama Hasāmi (3/154),
(3/144) Hasemi (3/158) Second Person Hasahi (4/383),
Hasahu (4/384), Hasasi, Hasase (3/140) Hasaha, Hasittha (3/143) Third Person Hasai, Hasae (3/139), Hasahiṁ (4/382), Hasei (3/158)
Hasanti, Hasante, Hasire (3/142)
Present Tense a-ending Verb-Suffixes)
First Person
Second Person
Singular
Plural uṁ (4/385),
huṁ (4/386), mi (3/141,3/154,3/158) mo, mu, ma (3/144) hi (4/3835,
hu (4/384), si, se (3/140)
ha, ittha (3/143) i, e (3/139, 3/158) him (4/382),
nti, nte, ire (3/142)
Third Person
Present Tense • å ending, o- ending Verbs (Thả and Ho) Singular
Plural First Person Thäum (4/385),
Thāhum (4/386), Thāmi (3/141)
Thámo, Thámu, Thama
(3/144), Second Person Thahi (4/383),
Thāhu (4/384), Thåsi (3/140)
Thaha, Thāitthål3/143) Third Person Thái (3/139)
Thahim (4/382), ThāntiThanti, Thante + Thante,
Tháire (3/142) Note: Similarly'Ho' can be conjugated
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Present Tense å-ending, o- ending Verb-Suffixes
First Person
Singular : uṁ (4/385), mi (3/141)
Plural hum (4/386), mo, mu, ma (3/144)
Second Person hi (4/383),
si (3/140)
hu (4/384), ha, ittha (3/143)
Third Person
i (3/139)
him (4/382), nti, nte, ire (3/142)
Imperative a-ending Verb (Hasa)
First Person
Singular Hasamu (3/173), Hasemu (3/158)
Plural Hasamo (3/176), Hasemo, (3/158)
Second Person
Hasaha (3/176),
Hasi, Hasu, Hase, (4/387) Hasahi, Hasasu, Hasa (3/173, 3/174)
Haseha (3/158)
Third Person
Hasau (3/173), Haseu (3/158)
Hasantu (3/176), Hasentu (3/158)
Imperative a-ending Verb-Suffixes)
First Person
Singular mu (3/173)
Plural mo (3/176, 3/158)
Second Person
i, u, e (4/387)
ha (3/176, 3/158) hi, su, zero (3/173, 3/174)
Third Person
u (3/173, 3/158)
ntu (3/176, 3/158)
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Imperative å-ending, o-ending Verbs (Tha and Ho)
Singular Thảmu (3/173)
Plural Thămo (3/176)
First Person
Second Person
Thải, Tháu, Thie (4/387), Thaha(3/176) Thihi, Thisu (3/173, 3/174)
Third Person
Thấu (3/173)
Thántu + Thantu (3/176)
Note: Similarly ‘Ho'can be conjugated
Imperative å-ending, o-ending Verb-Suffixes
Singular mu (3/173)
Plural mo (3/176)
First Person
Second Person
i, u, e (4/387) hi, su (3/173, 3/174)
ha (3/176)
Third Person
u (3/173)
ntu (3/176)
Future Tense a-ending Verb (Hasa)
:
First Person
Singular
Plural Hasisaur, Hasesaur
Hasisahum, Hasesahuṁ (4/388), (4/388), Hasihimi, Hasehimi (3/157) Hasihimo, Hasihimu, Hasihima,
Hasehimo, Hasehimu, Hasehima (3/157)
Second Person
Hasisahi, Hasesahi (4/388), Hasisahu, Hasesahu(4/388), Hasihisi, Hasihise,
Hasihiha, Hasihittha, Hasehisi, Hasehise (3/157) Hasehiha, Hasehitthä(3/157)
Third Person
Hasisai, Hasesai,
Hasisahim, Hasesahim(4/388), Hasisae, Hasesae (4/388), Hasihinti, Hasihinte, Hasihiire Hasihii, Hasihie, Hasehii, Hasehinti, Hasehinte, Hasehiire Hasehie (3/157)
(3/157)
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Future Tense a-ending Verb-Suffixes) ·
First Person
Singular sauṁ (4/388), himi (3/157)
Plural sahur (4/388), himo, himu, hima (3/157)
Second Person
sahi (4/388), hisi, hise (3/157)
sahu (4/388), hiha, hitthal3/157)
Third Person
sai, sae (4/388), hii, hie (3/157)
sahiṁ (4/388), hinti, hinte, hiire (3/157)
Future Tense å-ending, o- ending Verbs (Tha and Ho)
First Person
Singular Thåsaum, Thasami (4/388,4/385), Thahium, Thahimi (3/166,47385, 3/141)
Plural Thåsahum, Thåsamo, Thasamu, Thásama (4/388,4/386,3/144); Thāhihus, Thähimo, Thähimu, Thahima (3/166,47386,3/144)
Second Person
Thåsahi, Thåsasi
Thisahu, Thisaha, Thisaithả (4/388,4/384,3/140) (4/388,4/384,3/143) Thahihi, Thāhisi
Thihihu, Thihiha, Thihitthả (3/166,4/384,3/140) (3/166, 4/384,3/143)
Third Person
Thåsai (4/388), Thähii (3/166, 3/139)
Thisahin, Thisanti, Thāsante, Thåsaire (4/388, 4/382, 3/142) Thihihim, Thahinti,Thahinte, Tháhiire (3/166, 4/382, 3/142)
Note: Similarly 'Ho'can be conjugated
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First Person
Second Person
hird Person
Future Tense
ȧ-ending, o- ending Verb-Suffixes)

Singular
saum, sami (4/388,4/385),
hium, himi
(3/166,4/385, 3/141)
sahi, sasi
(4/388,4/384,3/140)
hihi, hisi
(3/166,4/384,3/140)
sai (4/388),
hii (3/166, 3/139)
vanced Prakrta-Apabhraṁśa-Grammar (Part-II)
Plural
sahum, samo, samu, sama (4/388,4/386,3/144), hihum, himo, himu, hima (3/166,4/386,3/144)
sahu, saha, saitthā (4/388,4/384,3/143) hihu, hiha, hitthå (3/166, 4/384,3/143)
sahim, santi, sante, saire (4/388, 4/382, 3/142) hihim, hinti, hinte, hiire (3/166, 4/382, 3/142)
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Appendix - 2 Rules of Combination utilised in the Sūtraş

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Vowel Combination
1.
If after i, u and ļ there are different Vowels like a,å,e, etc. then there occurs ‘y’in place of “i', 'v'in place of'u' and 'r'in place of r. Ti + Adinām = Tyādinām (Sūtra-3/139,3/148) Bahuşu + Ādyasya - Bahuşvădyasya (Sūtra-3/142) ljjasu + ljjahi : ljjasvijjahi (Sutra-3/175) Guru + Adeh - Gurvādeh (Sutra-3/150) Śats + Ānaśaḥ • Śatānaśaḥ (Sutra-3/181)
2.
If after a and a there exists i or e, then there occurs 'e' and 'ai' in place of both. Adyasya+lc - Adyasyec (Sutra-3/139) Madhyamasya+Itthá: Madhyamasyetthā (Sutra-3/143) Eva + Ec
• Evaic (Sūtra-3/145)
If after a and å there is a or å, then there occurs 'á' in their place and if after i and i there is iori, then there occurs 'i' in their place. Āva + Āve
Āvāve (Sūtra-3/149) : ljjahi + ljje = ljjahījje (Sūtra-3/175) Sina + Asteh Sināsteḥ (Sūtra-3/146) Tena + Asteḥ • Tenásteḥ (Sūtra-3/164)
Consonant Combination
4.
if
If after 't' there are å, i and e then there occurs ‘d' in place of 't'and if after ‘k'there is a, then there occurs ‘g’in place of
‘k.
Nerat + Et Neradet + Ava
. Neradet (Sūtra-3/149) - Ņeradedāva (Sutra-3/149)
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Vyañjanāt + la Luk + Avi
• Vyañjanādia (Sutra-3/163) • Lugāvi (Sūtra-3/152)
5
If after 't' there is ‘ca', then 't' becomes c'also. It + Ca
Icca (Sūtra-3/155) Et + Ca
: Ecca (Sūtra-3/157)
If at the end of a word there is ‘m’and after ‘m' there is some Consonant, then 'm' changes into anusváral - ).. Mãnăm + Hissa : Mãnăm Hissa (Sutra-3/168)
If after ta' there is ‘la', then ‘t' becomes ‘l' also. Adet + Luki
Adelluki (Sūtra-3/153)
If at the end of a word there is ‘n’, then 'n' becomes 's' and after the conversion of 'n' into 's' there occurs anusvåra ( - )after that. Ekasmin + Trayāņām - Ekasmiństrayāņām (Sūtra-3/173)
Visarga Combination
9.
If before the visarga, there exist vowels like i, e and o and there does not exist a or å, and after the visarga there exist vowels like a, etc. or consonants like m, v, h, etc. then the visarga changes into‘r'. Neh+ At = Nerat (Sūtra-3/149) Bhrameh + Adah : Bhrameradah (Sutra-3/151) Maiḥ+ Mhi = Mai Rmhi (Sūtra-3/147) Avih+ Vā
• Avirvā (Sūtra-3/150) Soh+ Hi
• Sorhi (Sūtra-3/174) Asteņ+Āsi • Asterasi (Sūtra-3/164) Gameḥ+ Eppiņu = Gamereppiņu (Sūtra-4/442)
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10.
11.
12.
If before the visarga, there is a or å, and if after the visarga there are some vowels or v, bh, m, j, etc., then visarga
disappears.
Ataḥ + Evaic
Mhāḥ+ Vā Saptamyāḥ+ İ
Hiaḥ+ Bhūtārthasya =
Haḥ+ Mo
Jjaḥ+ Jjā
=
Ktvaḥ+ Tum
Atthiḥ+Ti Bhavisyantyoḥ+ Ca
=

=
Saptamya I (Sūtra-3/165)
Hia Bhūtārthasya (Sūtra-3/162)
Ha Mo (Sūtra-3/176)
== Jja Jjā (Sūtra-3/177)
=
If before the visarga, there is a and if after the visarga there are v, d, etc., then a and visarga jointly become 'o'.
Ādaḥ + Vā
Aḍo Vā (Sūtra-3/151)
Ataḥ + Deśca
= Ato Deśca (Sūtra-3/274)
=
If after the visarga there is 't' then there occurs 's' in place of the visarga and if there is 'c', then there occurs 's' in place of
the visarga.
Ata Evaic (Sūtra-3/145)
Mhā Vā (Sūtra-3/147)
=
=
=
Ktvastum (Sūtra-2/146)
Atthisti (Sūtra-3/148)
Bhaviṣyantyośca (Sūtra-3/177)
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Appendix - 3 Summary of the Grammatical
analysis of Sūtras

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Sutra
Serial Number
Sutra Number
Combination
rule
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
1.
3/139
1,2
Tyådinámadyatrayasya dyasyececau [(Ti)+(Ādinām)+(Adyatrayasya)+ (Ādyasya)+(Ic)+(Ecau)]
2.
3/140
Dvitiyasya Si Se.
3.
3/141
Trtiyasya Miḥ
1 :
3/142 Bahuşvådyasya Nti Nte Ire
[(Bahușu)+(Adyasya)]
5.
3/143
Madhyamasyetthå-Hacau [(Madhyamasya)+(Itthā)]
6.
3/144
Trtiyasya-Mo-Mu-Maḥ
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Inflected/Original word occuring
in the Sutra
(5)
Ti
Ādīnām
Adyatrayasya
Ādyasya
Ic
Ecau
Dvitiyasya
Si
Se
Trtiyasya
Miḥ
Bahuşu
Ādyasya
Nti
Nte
Ire
Itthä
Hacau
Trtiyasya
Mo
Mu
Māḥ
Original Word Declension
(6)

(Ti)
(Ādi) 6/3
(Adyatraya) 6/1
(Adya) 6/1
(Ic)
(Ec)1/2
(Dvitiya) 6/1
(Si) 1/1
(Se) 1/1
Madhyamasya (Madhyama) 6/1
(Itthā)
(Hac) 1/2
(Trtiya)6/1
(Mi) 1/1.
(Bahu) 7/3
(Adya) 6/1
(Nti) 1/1
(Nte) 1/1
(Ire) 1/1
(Trtiya) 6/1
(Mo)
(Mu)
(Ma) 1/3
Advanced Präkrta- Apabhraṁśa-Grammar (Part - II)
Following the Declinable word
(7)
Hari
Rāma
Rāma
Bhubhrt
Rāma
Following the tradition
Following the tradition
Rāma
Hari
Guru
Rāma
Following the tradition
Following the tradition Following the tradition
Rāma
Bhubhrt
Rāma
Rāma
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Serial Number
(1)
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
96
Sütra
Number
(2)
3/145
3/146
3/147
3/148
3/149

Sutra
(3)
Ata Evaic Se
[(Ataḥ)+(Eva)+(Ec)]
Sinȧsteḥ Siḥ [(Sina)+(Asteḥ)]
Mi-Mo-Mai-Rmhi
Mho-Mha Vå
[(Maiḥ)+(Mhi)] [(Mhāḥ)+(Va)]
Atthistyȧdina [(Atthiḥ)+(Ti)+(Adinā)]
Neradedāvāve [(Neḥ) + (At)+(Et)+
(Āva)+ (Āve)]
Combination
rule
(4)
10,2
9,10
12,1
9,4,3
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Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra (5)
Original Word Declension
Following the Declinable word
(6)
(7)
Bhūbhrt
Atah Eva Ec Se
(At) 5/1 (Eva) (Ec) (Se) 1/1
Bhūbhrt Following the tradition
Hari
Sina Asteḥ Siḥ
(Si) 3/1 (Asti)6/1 (Si) 1/1
Hari Hari
Rama
Mi Mo Maih Mhi Mho Mhāḥ
(Mi) (Mo) (Ma)3/3 (Mhi). (Mho) (Mha) 1/3
Rama
Va
(Vā)
Hari
Atthiḥ Ti Adina
(Atthi) 1/1 (Ti) (Adi) 3/1
Hari
Neḥ
Hari
At
Et
:
(Ni) 6/1 (At) (Et) (Ava) (Ave) 1/1
Āva Ave
.
Following the tradition
Advanced Präkrta - Apabhramba-Grammar (Part - II)
97

Page #109

Sutra
Serial Number
Sutra Number
Combination
rule
(1)
(2)
(3)
12.
3/150
Gurvåderavirvă [(Guru)+(Adeh)+(Aviņ)+(Vā)]
13.
3/151 Bhrame Rado Va
[(Bhrameḥ)+(Adaḥ)+(Vā)]
14.
3/152
Lugåvi-Kta-Bhava-Karmasu [(Luk)+(Avi)]
: 4
15.
4,7,1,9,10
3/153 Adellukyåderata Aḥ
[(At) + (Et) + (Luki)+ (Adeḥ)+(Ataḥ)+(Āḥ)]
16.
3/154
Mau Vå
17.
3/155
5
Icca Mo-Mu-Me Va [(lt) + (Ca)
98
Advanced Praksta- Apabhraṁsa-Grammar (Part-II)

Page #110

Inflected/Original word occuring
in the Sutra
(5)
Guru
Ādeḥ
Aviḥ
Vā
Bhrameḥ
Ādaḥ
Vā
Luk
Āvi
Kta
Bhāva
Karmasu
At
Et
Luki
Adeḥ
Ataḥ
Aḥ
Mau
Vā
Original Word Declension

(6)
(Guru)
(Adi) 5/1
(Avi) 1/1
(Vā)
(Bhrami)5/1
(Āḍa) 1/1
(Vā)
(Luk)
(Āvi) 1/2
(Kta)
(Bhāva)
(Karma)7/3
(At)
(Et)
(Luk) 7/1
(Adi) 6/1
(At) 6/1.
(Ã)1/1
(Mi) 7/1
(Vā)
(It) 1/1
(Ca)
(Mo)
(Mu)
(Ma) 7/1
(Vā)
Ca
Mo
Mu
Me
Vā
Advanced Präkrta- Apabhraṁśa-Grammar (Part - II)
Following the Declinable word
(7)
Hari
Hari
Mati
Rāma
Hari
Karman
Bhubhrt
Hari
Bhübhrt
Gopā
Hari
Bhubhṛt
Rāma
99

Page #111

Sutra
Serial Number
Sutra Number
Combination
rule
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
18.
3/156
Kte
19.
3/157
Ecca Ktva-Tum-Tavya. Bhavisyatsu [(Et)+(Ca)]
20..3/158
Vartamáná-PañcamiŚatrşu Vä
21.
3/159
Jja- Jje
22.
3/160
ia - Ijjau Kyasya
23.
3/162
10
Si - Hi Hia Bhutárthasya [(Hiah) +(Bhūtārthasya)]
24.
3/163
4
Vyañjanadiaḥ [(Vyañjanāt)+ (lah)]
100
Advanced Prakrta- Apabhraíśa-Grammar (Part - II)

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Inflected/Original word occuring
in the Sutra
(5)
Kte
Et
Ca
Ktvā
Tum
Tavya
Bhaviṣyatsu
Vartamānā
Pañcami
Śatrşu Vå
ཚ
Jjā
Jje
Ïa
Ijjau
Kyasya
Si
Hi
Hiaḥ
Bhütärthasya
Vyañjanāt laḥ
Original Word Declension

(6)
(Kta) 7/1
(Et) 1/1
(Ca)
(Ktvā)
(Tum)
(Tavya)
(Bhaviṣyat) 7/3
(Vartamānā)
(Pañcami)
(Śatr) 7/3
(Vā)
(Jjā)
(Jja) 7/1
(la)
(Ijja) 1/2
(Kya) 6/1
(Si) 1/1
(Hi) 1/1
(Hia) 1/1
(Bhutärtha) 6/1
(Vyañjana) 5/1
(la) 1/1
Advanced Präkrta- Apabhraṁśa-Grammar (Part II)
Following the Declinable word
(7)
Rāma
Bhübhrt
Bhubhrt
Pitr
Rāma
Rāma
Rāma
Nadi
Nadi
Rāma
Rāma
Rāma
Rāma
101

Page #113

Sutra
Serial Sutra Number Number
Combination
rule
(1)
(2)
(3)
25.
3/164
3,9,1
Tenásterásyahesi [(Tena) + (Asteḥ) + (Asi)+ (Ahesi) ]
26.
3/165
Jjät Saptamyä Irva [(Jjāt)-(Saptamyāḥ)+' (Ih)+(Vā)}
27.
3/166
Bhavisyati Hiradiḥ [(Hiḥ) + (Ādiņ)]
28.
3/167
Mi-Mo-Mu-Me-Sså Há Na Va
29.
3/168
Mo-Mu-Manaṁ Hissä Hittha [(Mānām) + (Hissa)]
102
Advanced Prakrta- Apabhraṁsa-Grammar (Part-II)

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Original Word Declension
Following the Declinable word
Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra (5)
(6)
(7)
Tena
Asteḥ Asi Ahesi
(Ta) 3/1 (Asti) 6/1 (Asi) 1/1 (Ahesi) 1/1
Rama Hari Vāri Nadi
Jjät Saptamyāḥ
(Jja)5/1 (Saptami) 5/1 (I) 1/1 (Vā)
Rāma Stri Hari
Vä
Bhavisyati Hiḥ Adiḥ
(Bhavisyat) 7/1 (Hi) 1/1 (Adi) 1/1
Bhūbhrt Hari Hari
Mi
Мо
Mu Me
Rāma
(Mi) (Mo) (Mu) (Ma) 7/1 (Ssa) 1/1 (Hā) 1/1 (Na). (Vā)
Ssa На
Lată Latā
Na Vå.
Mo
Mu Mānām Hissă Hittha
(Mo) (Mu) (Ma) 6/3 (Hissä) 1/1 (Hitthā) 1/1
Rāma Latā Lata
Advanced Prakrta- Apabhraṁsa-Grammar (Part - ID
103

Page #115

Serial
Number
(1)
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
104
Sutra
Number
(2)
3/169
3/173
3/174
3/175
3/176

Sutra
(3)
Meḥ Ssam
Sorhirvä
[(Soḥ) + (Hiḥ) + (Vā)
Ata Ijjasvijjahijje
Luko Vå
Du Su Mu Vidhyādiṣvekasmiṁ- 1,8
strayāṇām
[(Vidhi) + (Adisu) + (Ekasmin)
+ (Trayāṇām)]
[(Ataḥ) + (Ijjasu) + (Ijjahi)
(Ijje) + (Lukaḥ) + (Vā)]
Bahuşu Ntu Ha Mo
[(Haḥ) + (Mo)]
Combination
rule
(4)
10, 1, 3, 11.
10
Advanced Prākṛta- Apabhraṁśa-Grammar (Part II)

Page #116

Original Word Declension
Following the Declinable word
Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra (5)
(6)
(7)
Meh Ssam
(Mi) 6/1 (Ssaṁ)1/1
Hari Following the tradition
Du
Su
Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition
Mu Vidhi Ādiņu Ekasmin Trayāņām
(Du) 1/1 (Su)1/1 (Mu) 1/1 (Vidhi) (Adi) 7/3 (Eka) 7/1 (Traya) 6/3
Hari Eka Rāma
Soh
.
(Su) 6/1 (Hi) 1/1 (Vā)
Guru Hari
Hih Và
Bhübhrt
Ataḥ Ijjasu Ijjahi
(At)5/1 (Ijjasu) (ljjahi) (Ijje) (Luk) 1/3 (Vā).
ljje
Lukah
Bhubhrt
Và
Bahuşu Ntu . Haḥ Μο.
(Bahu) 7/3 (Ntu) 1/1 (Ha) 1/1 (Mo)1/1
Guru Following the tradition Rāma Following the tradition
Advanced Praksta- Apabhrarśa-Grammar (Part - II
105

Page #117

Sutra
Serial Number
Sutra Number
Combination
rule
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
35.
3/177
Vartamána-Bhavisyantyośca 1 2,10 Jja Jjä Vä [(Bhavisyantyoh) + (Ca)] [( Jjaḥ) + (Jjā)]
36.
3/178
4
Madhye Ca Svarántádvá [(Svarāntāt) + (Vā)]
37.
3/179
Kriyatipatteḥ
38.
3/180
Nta- Māņau
39.
3/181
Śtrånaśaḥ [(Šaty) + (Ānaśaḥ)]
40.
3/182
i Ca Striyam
106
Advanced Praksta- Apabhraṁsa-Grammar (Part - II)

Page #118

Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra (5)
Original Word Declension
Following the Declinable word
(6)
(7)
Hari
Vartamānā (Vartamānā) Bhavisyantyoḥ (Bhavisyanti) 7/2 Са
(Ca) Jjaḥ
(Jja) 1/1 Jjā
(Jjā) 1/1
Rāma Latā
Vá
(Va)
Madhye
Rāma
Ca Svarantat Va
(Madhya) 7/1 (Ca) (Svarānta)5/1 (Vā)
Rāma
Kriyatipatteḥ
(Kriyātipatti) 6/1
Hari
Nta ... Manau
(Nta) (Mana) 1/2
Rama
Šaty :
Anaśaḥ
(Śats) (Anaś) 6/1
Bhubhrt
Nadi
са
-
(I) 1/1 (Ca) (Stri) 7/1
Striyam
Stri
Advanced Prakrta - Apabhraíśa-Grammar (Part - II)
107

Page #119

Sutra
Serial Number
Sutra Number
Combination
rule
(2)
(3)
(4)
(1) 41.
2/146
Ktvastumattūņa.Tuaņāḥ [(Ktvaḥ) + (Tum)+ (At )+ (Tūņa)]
Śauraseni Praksta: Verb and Participle Sütras
42. · 4/268
Iha-Hacorhasya [(Hacoḥ) + (Hasya )]
43.
4/271
Ktva lya-Dūņau, [(Ktvaḥ) + (lya)]
44.
4/273
Diric [(Diḥ) + (Ic)+ (Ecoh)]
45.
4/274
11,12
Ato Desca [(Ataḥ) + (Deḥ)+ (Ca)]
46.
4/275
Bhavisyati Ssiḥ
108
Advanced Präkrta- Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part - II)

Page #120

Original Word Declension
Following the Declinable word
Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra (5)
(6)
(7)
Ktvaḥ
Gopa
Tum
At Tūņa Tuānāh
(Ktva) 6/1 (Tum) (At) (Tūņa) (Tuāņa) 1/3
Rama
Iha Hacoḥ Hasya
(Iha) (Hac) 6/2 (Ha)6/1
.
Bhubhrt Rama
Gopā
Ktvaḥ lya Dūņau
(Ktva) 6/1 (lya) (Dūņa) 1/2
Rāma
Hari
Diḥ Ic Ecoh
:
(Di) 1/1 (lc) (Ec)6/2
Bhūbhrt
::
Atah Deḥ
(At)5/1 (De) 1/1 (Ca)
Bhūbhrt Following the tradition
Bhavisyati Ssiḥ
(Bhavisyat) 7/1. (Ssi) 1/1
Bhubhrt Hari
Advanced Prakrta- Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part - II)
109

Page #121

Serial Number
(1)
Sutra
Number
47. 4/382
49.
(2)
Apabhramsa: Verb and Participle Sutras
48. 4/383
51.
110
50. 4/385
4/384
4/386
Sútra

(3)
Madhya-Trayasyadyasya Hiḥ [(Trayasya) + (Adyasya)]
Bahutve Huḥ
Combination
Tyåderådya-Trayasya Bahutve 1,9
Him Na Vå
[(Ti) + (Adeḥ) + (Adya)]
Antya-Trayasyadyasya Um [(Trayasya) + (Adyasya)]
Bahutve Hum
rule
(4)
Advanced Prakrta- Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part - II)

Page #122

Original Word Declension
Following the Declinable word
Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra (5)
(6)
(7)
Ti
Adeh
Hari
Rāma
Ādya Trayasya Bahutve Him Na
(Ti) (Adi)6/1 (Adya) (Traya) 6/1 (Bahutva) 7/1 (Hiṁ) 1/1 (Na) (Vā)
Rāma
Following the tradition
Vá
Madhya Trayasya
Rāma
(Madhya) (Traya) 6/1 (Adya) 6/1 (Hi) 1/1
Ādyasya
Rāma Hari
Hiḥ
Bahutve Huh
(Bahutva) 7/1 (Hu) 1/1
Rāma Guru
Antya Trayasya Ādyasya Um
(Antya) (Traya) 6/1 (Ādya) 6/1 (Um) 1/1
Rāma Rāma Following the tradition
Bahutve Hum
(Bahutva) 7/1 (Huṁ) 1/1
Rama Following the tradition
Advanced Prakrta- Apabhraíśa-Grammar (Part - II)
111

Page #123

Sutra
Serial Number
Sutra Number
Combination
. rule
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
52.
4/387
Hi-Svayoridudet [(Svayoḥ) + (It) + (Ut) + (Et)]
53.
4/388
Vatsaryati-Syasya Saḥ
54.
4/438 Tavyasya levvauṁ Evvauṁ Eva
5 5.
10
4/439 Ktva l-lu-lvi-Av
[(Ktvaḥ) + (1)]
56.
4/440
Eppyeppiņvevyeviņavaḥ 1. [(Eppi) + (Eppiņu) + (Evi) + (Eviņavaḥ)]
112
Advanced Prakrta- Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II)

Page #124

Original Word Declension
Following the Declinable word
Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra (5)
(6)
(7)
Hi Svayoḥ
(Hi) (Sva) 6/2 (lt) 1/1 (Ut) 1/1 (Et) 1/1
Rāma Bhūbhrt Bhūbhrt Bhūbhrt
Ut
Vatsaryati Syasya Saḥ
(Vatsaryat) 7/1 (Sya) 6/1 (Sa) 1/1
Bhubht Rāma Rāma
Tavyasya levvauń Evvaum
(Tavya) 6/1 (levvauṁ) 1/1 (Evvaus) 1/1 ( Evā) 1/1
Rama Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition
Eva
Ktvaḥ
(Ktvā) 6/1
Gopa
(1)
.
lu . Ivi Avayaḥ
(lu) (lvi) (Avi) 1/3
Hari
Eppi Eppiņu Evi .. Eviņavaḥ
(Eppi) (Eppiņu) (Evi) (Eviņu) 1/3
Guru
Advanced Prakrta- Apabhramsa-Grammar (Part-II)
113

Page #125

Sutra
Serial Number
Sutra Number
Combination
rule
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
57.
4/441 Tuma Evamaņāņahamaņahim 10,3
Ca
[(Tumaḥ) + (Evam) + (Aņa) + (Anaham) + (Anahim)]
58.
4/442
Gamereppiņveppyorerlug 9,1,4 Vå [(Gameḥ) + (Eppiņu) + (Eppyoḥ) + (Eh) + (Luk)+ (Va)]
114
Advanced Prakrta - Apabhraṁsa-Grammar (Part-II

Page #126

Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra
Original Word Declension
Following the Declinable word
(5)
(6)
(7)
Tumaḥ Evam Ana Anaham Anahim Ca
(Tum) 6/1 (Evam)1/1 (Aña) 1/1. (Anaham) 1/1 (Anahim) 1/1: (Ca)
Bhūbhrt Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition
Hari
Gameḥ Eppiņu Eppyoḥ
(Gami) 5/1 (Eppiņu) (Eppi) 7/2 (E) 6/1 (Luk) 1/1 (Vä)
Eḥ
Hari Following the tradition Bhūbhrt
Luk
Vá
Advanced Prakrta- Apabhraṁsa-Grammar (Part - II)
115

Page #127

Bhāga 1-2
1. Hemacandra Prakrta Vyakarana : Vyakhyātā Śri Pyara Candaji Mahārāja (Śri Jaina Diväkara Divya Jyoti Karyalaya, Meväḍi Bajāra, Byavara)
Reference Books
2. Präkrta Bhāṣāoṁ Kā Vyakaraṇa
3. Abhinava Prākṛta Vyakaraṇa
4. Präkrta Margopadeśikā
5. Praudha Racanānuvāda Kaumudi
6. Păia-Sadda-Mahannavo
7. Apabhramsa-Hindi Kosa, Bhāga 1-2
8. Apabhramsa of Hemacandra
116

: Dr. R. Pischel
(Bihāra Răştrabhāṣā Parisad, Patana)
: Dr. Nemicandra Śāstri (Tärä Pablikeśana, Vārāṇasi)
: Pam. Becaradās Jivarāja Dośi (Motiläla Banarasidāsa, Delhi)
: Dr. Kapiladeva Dvivedi (Viśvavidyalaya, Prakāśana, Vārāṇasi)
: Pam. Haragovindadāsa Trikamacanda Setha (Präkṛta Grantha Parisad, Vārāṇasi)
: Dr. Nareśa Kumāra
(Indo-Vijana Prȧ. Lt.)
II A, 220, Nehru Nagar, Gājiyābāda)
: Dr. Käntiläla Baladevarāma Vyasa (Prākṛta Text Society, Ahmedabad)
Advanced Prakrta-Apabhraṁśa-Grammar (Part-II)

Page #128

9. Introduction of Ardha
Magadhi
10. Kåtantra Vyakaraña
: A. M. Ghātaga (School and College Book Stall, Kolhapur) : Gaņini Āryikā Gānamati (Digambara Jaina Triloka Šodha Saṁsathāna, Hastināpur, Meerut) : Dr. Nemichandra Śastri (Caukhambha Vidyabhavan, Vārāṇasi - 1)
11. Praksta-Prabodha
12. Vrhad Anuvåda-Candrika
: Cakradhara Nautiyala
'Hamsa' (Motilala
Pheja - 1. Delhi)
Advanced Prakrta-Apabhraíśa-Grammar (Part-II)
117

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Page #130