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The Concept of Time and its Relationship to Change in...
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The extrinsic attributes or paryāyas in fact exist in both the dravýas, i.e. substances, and the guņas, i.e. the intrinsic qualities of dravyas. Furthermore, is important to note that Āgamas actually refer to both gunas and paryāyas as paryāyas. Therefore, dravya, guna and paryāya are not three different and completely separate entities but they are rather three objective aspects of the same reality, three elements that characterize one reality“ .
As long as the substance remains, so long the qualities will also remain and without them the substance would cease to be the substance that it is and vice versa. "There is no coming-intoexistence without destruction; there is no destruction devoid of origination; neither origination not destruction can truly be without stability." (Pravacanasāra- II.8) If we take the example of the soul (jīva) as a dravya, consciousness is one of its intrinsic qualities, i.e. guņas, and different forms of sentiency (hellish, animal, human or divine) are its extrinsic qualities, i.e. paryāyas. In the case of matter (pudgala), colour is one of its intrinsic qualities and yellow is one of its extrinsic qualities.
According to the Jaina ontological theory there is an infinite amount of substances, however, they can be grouped into five' or six categories. They are soul (jīva), matter (pudgala), medium of motion (dharma), medium of rest (adharma), space (ākāśa) and time (kāla), (Pañcāstikāyasāra-6). Of these, the latter five belong to the category of ajīva. The first five (all substances apart from kāla) are generally referred to as astikāyas (atthikāyas). "Asti" or "atthi" means "exists" whereas "kāya" means "a body", "an extensive magnitude" or "a conglomerate". An astikāya is therefore a substance that firstly, exists and secondly, has a bodily extension, so it is an existent that has an extensive magnitude, an ability to occupy space. As a conglomerate an astikāya consists of small indivisible units, namely pradeśas. "Extensive substances occupy many spatial units,
