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The traditional exposition of the seven fundamental sounds *(svara) mixing in various ways to form melodies of various types, has been accepted by the Jainas. The seven sounds are: sadja, ṛṣabha, gāndhāra, madhyama, pañcama, dhaivata, and niṣādha. In the Western sound system, we get the following: Do, re, me, fa, sol, la, and si. In all, there are twenty-seven main kinds which can be combined in innumerable
SOME PROBLEMS IN JAINA PSYCHOLOGY
1. Sparsa-Touch-8 kinds :
2. Rasa Taste-5 kinds:
3. Varna-Colour-5 kinds :
4. Gandha-Smell-2 kinds:
5. Sabda-Sound-7 kinds :
Note:
Jain Education International
TABLE VI
(1) Uṣṇa (hot); (2) Śīta (cold); (3) Rukṣa (rough); (4) Snigdha (smooth); (5) Komala (soft); (6) Kathora (hard); (7) Laghu (light); (8) Guru (heavy).
(1) Tikta (pungent); (2) Amla (acid); (3) Kațu (bitter); (4) Madhura (sweet); (5) Kaṣāya (astringent).
(1) Kṛṣṇa (black); (2) Nila (blue); (3) Pīta (yellow); (4) Sukla (white); (5) Padma
(pink).
(1) Sugandha (sweet smelling); (2) Durgandha (bad-smelling).
(1) Şadja; (2) Ṛṣabha; (3) Gāndhāra; (4) Madhyama; (5) Pañcama; (6) Dhaivata; (7) Niṣādha; i.e. the: Do, re, me, fa, sol, la, si.
These are 27 which can be combined in various ways.
In rational beings, mind also assists the senses in bringing knowledge to the soul.
ways. There are two varieties of combination of tones: difference tones and summation tones. The difference tones were discovered by the celebrated Italian violinist, Tartini. Summation tones were discovered after the Helmholtz researches, in 1856 A.D. A difference tone has a pitch determined by the difference between the frequencies of the two other tones. The pitch of the summation tones results from the addition of frequencies. The study of the combination of tones and beats has
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