Some Aspects of Jainism in Eastern India

Author(s): Pranabananda Jash
Publisher: Munshiram Manoharlal Publisher's Pvt Ltd New Delhi

Page 32

Some Aspects of Jainism in Eastern India
Chan. Up., VII.26.2; N. Dutt, Early Monastic Buddhism, hereafter (EMB), I, pp. 17ff.
1°The rules about the keeping of hair varied among the different sects. The Jațilas as the name signified kept matted hair; the Niganțhas had the hair pluck. ed out, while as the term Mundaka shows, the prevalent practice was to shave the head periodically (Vaśiştha, X-6).
This rule very likely applies to the Parivrājakas in general. is. Dutt, BMMI, pp. 72-73. "Rhys Davids, Buddhist India, p. 159; N. Dutt, EMB, p. 31. 18N.C. Bandopadhyaya, Economic Life and Progress in Ancient India, pp. 254ff; 285; Romila Thapar, 'Ethics, Religion, and Social Protest', op. cit., pp. 43ff.
14R.S. Sharma, Das Kapital Centenary Volume, pp. 63ff. 15H.C. Raychaudhuri, Political History of Ancient India, pp. 85ff.
16 Kośala had annexed Käsi, and now Magadha swallowing Anga, captured Kośala, and ultimately hostilities arose between Magadha and Avanti in which Magadha became supreme.
17 Vidūdabha attacked the Sākyas, and Ajātasatru the Licchavis.
18 It is suggested by some scholars that the reason for the decline of the ganarajyas was “The development of private as against tribal property, following conquest over aboriginal populations and the development of the tribal into an oligarchy". JBBRAS, 1951, p. 186.
18 Toynbee, A Study of History, III, pp. 270ff. 20H. Oldenberg, Buddha, p, 64.
*Some of the Ksatriya kings, instead of employing Brāhmaṇa teachers, were now themselves importing education their sons. In the Gamani Canda Jataka (II.257) we are informed about a king wh taught his son the Vedas and the worldly knowledge, "tayo vedo sabbam ca loke kattabbam".
22 Br. Up., VI 1.3; Chån. Up. V.3.1.
33Moti Chandra, 'Some Aspects of the Yaksha Cult', Bulletin of the Prince of Wales Museum, Bombay, 1954, pp. 43ff; AK. Coomaraswamy, Yakşas.
2'Brahmajala Sütta, 21; Dialogues of the Buddha, pt. 1, pp. 16ff. 25 Rhys Davids, Buddhist India. pp. 143-44. 38 Vinaya-Pitaka, SBE, XX, p. 152. 37 Sutta-nipita, 927. 18 Toynbee, Civilisation on Trial. 20SN, III.60, V.126; AN., III.383. 30 AN, IV.428.
21SV, 1.142.
82DN, 1.52. 38B.M. Barua, Pre-Buddhistic Indian Philosophy, p. 279. 34 Sü. Kr., I.1.12.15.V, p. 209. 36N. Dutt. EMB, 1, p. 35. 36 Bhāva Sangraha, 175-79. 37 Patanjali, Mahābhäşya, 5.1.154. 38 SV, 1.166ff. 3*MV, I, 513; Milindapanha, 4-5. 40 Sū.Kr , 1.127, Darśanasara, 176.
DN, I, 53ff; A.L. Basham, History and Doctrines of the Ajisikas, hereafter (HDA), pp 13-14.