Some Aspects of Jainism in Eastern India

Author(s): Pranabananda Jash
Publisher: Munshiram Manoharlal Publisher's Pvt Ltd New Delhi

Page 95

Jaina Canonical Texts
1'Hemacandra and other Jaina writers define ahimsă in the following verse:
Save jiva vi icchanti jivium na marijjum / tamhii påņivaham ghoram nigganthā vajjayanti mam ||
- Daśavaikälika-sútra, verse 219 cf. also R. Williams, Jaina Yoga, p. 71. 18 Acārārga-sutra, 1.3.3.
1*In Buddhism we find that the very intention (will) of committing an evil action is an act itself. The Anguttara-nikāya (III, p. 415) thus states-Cetana aham, bhikkhave, kamman vedāmi; cetāyitvā kammam karoti, kāyena, vācāya, mansā.
cf. also 'Will in Buddhism is the Chief Element of Causation of Karma'S.Z. Aung and Rhys Davids, Compendium of Philosophy, p. 235. ** Daśavaikālika, ch. VII. 21 Ogha-niryukti, 325. 22 Byhat-kalpa, 1.47. 23A.N. Upadhe, Introduction to Kundakundācārya's Pravacanasāra, p. xxij. 24 Pravacanasara, 3.17; cf. also Dayanand Bhargava's Jaina Ethics, p. 106.
25R. Williams (Jaina Yoga, pp. 69ff) makes an exhaustive study on more complex calculations and divisions of ways in which ahimsā is committed.
26 Eliot, Hinduism and Buddhism, I, p. lvi. For the opinion of D.D. Kosambi, see, An Introduction to the Study of Indian History, pp. 157-58.
27 Modern Review, 1916, October, The Letter from Gandhiji. 28S.N. Dasgupta, HIP, vol. I, p. 200. 20 Thänānga, 439.
30 Ācāränga-sūtra, p. 137. “The monks are, however, permitted to prolong their stay for five or ten days of the winter after the end of the rainy season, if they find the road containing still mud and many living beings.”
31 Brhat-kalpa, I, 6-7. 3 Ibid., 1.51. 38Thānānga, p. 308b. 34Kalpa-sūtra and Nava-tattva, p. 114, J. Stevenson, London, 1848. 35 Mrs. S. Stevenson, op. cit., pp. 36-37. 36 Kalpa-sütra and Nava-tattva, p. 114. 37 Ācārānga-sitra, II, 2, 2, 6, p. 126. 38 Ibid., 1, 7; 2, 1, p. 64. 39Uttara-sutra, IX, 4, p. 36. 40Ibid., XV.1. 41 Nisiha, com., (edited by Schubring, Leipzig, 1918), 16.29. **Ibid., 10.13. 43 Ācārārga-sūtra, p, 136. 4Mülācāra, 3, 35-36. 45 Vinaya-pitaka, 1.137ff; B.C. Jain, Jainism in Buddhist Literature, p. 113. 46 Mülācāra, 10.18. 47 Vinaya-pitaka, I.138. 4Thāņānga, p. 308b. "Jaina-sútras, I, p. 304. 5° Ibid., p. 89. 31 Ācāränga-sútra, Bk. II, Lecture I, pp. 88ff; Bhagavati-sūtra, 7.1, pp. 268-69;