Some Aspects of Jainism in Eastern India

Author(s): Pranabananda Jash
Publisher: Munshiram Manoharlal Publisher's Pvt Ltd New Delhi

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"Dhammapada Commentary, II, p. 52.
"Ibid.; it is to be noted in this connection that Jambuka for his severe asceticism obtains a great reputation for sanctity as a 'wind-eater' (vāta bhakkho), until he is ultimately converted by the Buddha.
43V. Nallaswami Pillai, Šivajñāna Siddhiyār, pp. xlv-xlvi; M.A. Mudaliyar ed., Civañāṇa-cittiyar parapakṣam, Madras, 1911: It is in two parts-parapakṣam and supakşam. The first half mainly deals with the principa' opposing systems of the time including Materialism, Buddhism, Jainism, and the orthodox sects, each of which is refuted; while the latter one is an exposition of Saivite doctrine and philosophy of the far south. The Ajivikas are described in the parapakṣam immediately after the naked Jaina ascetic (Digambara) evidently showing the distinction between the Ajivikas and the Digambara Jainas even at this late date of thirteenth century AD.
44ERE, I, p. 269.
45Sugiura. Hindu Logic as preserved in China and Japan, p. 16, quoting Hyakuron So, I, 22; HDA, p. 112.
46 Janaki-harana, X, 76:
Some Aspects of Jainism in Eastern India
Dambh'-ajivikam uttunga-jaṭā-maṇḍita-mastakam /
Kancin maskariṇam Sītā dadars'āśramam-āgatam ||
47Krom, The Life of the Buddha, pl. 110; also Barabudur, vol. I, pp. 220-21 pl. II.
48Schubring, Die Lehre der Jainas, p. 159.
"HDA, p. 106.
60 Supra, fn. 33.
51 Vamsattha-ppakäsini, I, p. 190.
"MN, I, p. 31.
CHI, 1, p. 207.
Vinaya, II, p. 165.
55 Bhagavati-sutra, XV, su. 554, fols. 680-81.
Ibid., VIII, su. 329, fol. 369.
57 Of course. contradictory evidences alleging the Ajivikas for eating of animal food are not unknown. Thus it is mentioned that "all beings whose enjoyment is unimpaired obtain their food by killing, cutting, cleaving, lopping, amputating, and attacking."-Ibid.
5HDA, p. 123.
5o Bhagavati-sutra, 15.1.543; In the Lomahamsa Jātaka (I, p. 390) the Ajivika asceticism is depicted by way of the description of the practice of severe penances by Bodhisattva born as an Ajivika.
"Nanguttha Jataka, I, p. 493.
"Asutosh Bhattacharya, Dharma Worship in West Bengal (in Census 1951, 'The Tribes and Castes of West Bengal'), p. 359.
63 Aupapātika-sutra, su. 41, fol. 196. In this connection a comparison may be noted with a passage of the Mahasaccaka-sutta of the MN, (I, p. 238) containing a catalogue of the habits of the Ajivika mendicants (B. M. Barua, Pre-Buddhistic Indian Philosophy, pp. 167-8; also JDL, II, p. 48). According to Barua "An Ajivika never incurred the guilt of obeying another's command. He refused to accept food which had been specially prepared for him. He did not accept food