Science and Art of Calligraphy and Painting

Author(s): S Andhare
Publisher: Indian National Science Academy

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. वारमायादानिसजलणा: ययायदपजावानलहवाबखास्यवारला
rai नावियागाभिद्योगजाधवायारातिमालालाजायमद्धामा दालविवागानवाला
नयानाकमायणामावियाखानवता
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Brief history of Jainism and the necessity
of writing down the oral tradition: Mahavira, (ca. 599 B.C.) was the founder of Jainism. He was a contemporary of the Buddha and both, the Jainism and the Buddhism evolved out of a protest against Brahmanism and rejected its doctrines and scriptures. They both belong to the Shramana tradition and have many similarities between them. Over the years, Jainism evolved in to a complete system of religious philosophy, mythology and practice. During its long journey of progress, two major factions were formed. I.e. the Shvetambaras (those clad in white) and the Digambaras (those who are sky clad). Both have their own deities, monastic orders (gachhas), sacred scriptures, rituals and festivals.
The Jains aspire to achieve nirvana (a state of liberation) from the karmic cycle of rebirth, through a combination of meditation, devotional rituals and severe austerities. In achieving these primary obligations of Jain religious practice, image worship, building of temples and libraries as well as commissioning of ritualistic artifacts, images in stone, metal and wood, paintings and manuscripts on cloth and paper came to be regarded are essential for the Jains to gain wisdom. As a result of this, we find a huge body of such material stored in Jain Bhandaras, Institutions, museums and private collections of the world.
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Fig 21 Folios of palm leaf Ms