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J. C. Sıkdar
Actually speaking, these ten pränas are almost contained in glx paryaptis, e.g Indriya paryapti contains five indriya pranas, anaprāna paryapti=ucchvasa prana, Jarira paryapti = kayaprāna, bhaşāparyapti - vak prāna, manah paryapti = manah. prana, only ayuprana appears to be an addition
Thus it is found that most of the paryaptis and the pranas have common names. So the question is whether there is any difference between them. The Gommatasüra explains the difference in this way that paryapti is attainment of the capacity of developing body, mind, speech, and five sengen, whilo prana is the activity of those functionaries, 21
It is further explained that one-sensed beings poss088 four prānas or balas (life forces), viz sense of touch, respiration, length of life, body and speech, three-senscd beings bave seven pranas, viz. senses of touch, taste aad smell, respiration, length of life, body and speech, four-sensed beings have eight pranas, viz senses of touch, taste, smell and sight, rospiration, length of life, body and speech. In asamjh pancendriyajtvas (five-sonsod belngs having no physical mind but psychical mind, there are nine pränas, vrz, senses of touch, taste, smell, sight and hearing, respiration, length of life, body and speech, while there are ten prañas in samjhi pafcendnya jivas (five-sensed beings having physical mind), viz, senses of touch, taste, amell alght and hearing, respiration, length of life, body, speech and mind. 41
According to the Carvakas, life (as well as consciousness) is a result of peculiar chemical combination of non-living matter, or the four elements, in organic forms, just as the intoxicating property of spirituous liquor is the repult of the fermentation of unlatoxicating rice and molasses ** Similarly, the lastinctive movements and expression of new born babies (sucking, joy, grief, fear, etc) take place mechanically as a result of external stimuli as much as the opening and closing of the lotus and other flowers at different times of the day or night, or the movement of iron under the influence of load. stone." In tho same way, the spontaneous reproduction of living organisms frequently occurs, e.g. animalcules develop "in moisture or lofusions, espcially under the influence of gentle warmth (Syedaja, uznaja, danhtamatakadayak) se or the maggots or other worms originate in the rainy season due to the atmospheric moisture in the constitutent particles of curds and the like and begin to live and move in 80 short a time, 27
Acarya Haribhadra has refuted Bhitacaltanyavada of the Materialists long before the Sahhhya in the following manner. It is the doctrine of the materlalists that this world 18 formed of only five groet elements (mahabhfitas), vit earth, etc, and there is no existence of soul nor the unseen force anywhere In the world.15
The other Materialists maintain the view on the contrary that clements are non-CODCIOUS (acetana). Consciousness is not the charactor of elemonts,
