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फेब्रुआरी २०११
१८१
and last chapter of the JP describes at length matters relating to time.
These three texts have the same two terms starting with kammao which refer to time units. They are defined in a consistent manner and form a system of their own.
(i) kamma-samvacchara is one of the designations for the third of the five types of the year known as pamāņa. In the sūtras (JP 7, sū. 278 and SP 10.20 sū. 78), it appears under the name udu (Skt. stu):" tā pamāņa-samvacchare pamcavihe pam, tam: nakkhatte, camde, udū, āicce, abhivaddhie: (1) constellation year, (2) lunar year, (3) season year, (4) sun year, (5) extended year. The same list in a different sequence is read in JK:
ādicco udu camdo rikkho abhivaddhito ya pamc'ete samvaccharā Jiņa-mate... (JK 40).23
śānticandra's commentary on JP underlines two features of this type of year: its practical relevance, and the fact that it is designated by two other terms “in another source":
Indiennes (Paris), No. 7-8, 1989-90, pp. 375-387. I refer to the versenumbering of this ed. I had access to the ed. with Malayagiri's commentary ed. by Ac. Sāgarānandasūri and published by Rishabhadevaji Kesharimal Ratlam. 1928, only for the relevant extracts (kindly sent to me by Prof. S.R.Sarma). 22. For another calendar term using uu- in Jaina sources, see Nalini Balbir, "A new instance of Common Jaina and Buddhist Terminology”, in G. Roth Felicitation Volume, Patna, 1997, pp. 211-231 [Pali utubaddha and Pkt. uubaddha). 23. The definition of five types of year and their length is also taken up in Nemicandra's Pravacanasāroddhāra, dvāra 142. But the category considered is the jugasamvacchara (also dealt with in JP 7, sū. 278), not the pamāṇasamvacchara. - Another rare word referring to a type of year is iềvatsara. idā”, recorded in Hemacandra's Sesasamgraha, see Th. Zachariae. "Die Nachträge" (as in n. 15), p. 476.
