Most Ancient Aryan Society

Author(s): Ram Chandra Jain
Publisher: Institute of Bharatalogical Research Sriganganagar Rajasthan

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ries from lands so far away. In some of the graves dug down the Flood Silt; there were terracota figurines of the type also found in the al'Ubaid house ruins; they were always female and nude. These terracota figurines were made in the vase factory occupying the area in the last phase of the al'Ubaid period. The chronology of this period may only be conjectured. We have a fairly reliable evidence of the first Lugal Mes-an-ni-pad-da placed Circa 2700 B. C.1 He was preceded by Jamdat-Nasr period which may be identified with the first Erech Dynasty. The First Erech Dynasty had 12 Lugals but their reign is given to be of 2310 years. Even if we allow 35 years to one Lugal, we roughly have 420 years. Jamdat-Nasr period was fairly long one and four hundred years may reasonably be assigned to it. That brings us to 3100 B. C. Jamdat-Nasr period was preceded by Uruk period which also lasted for a considerable length of time. We may not assign to this period less than 400 years. We may allow one hundred years for the periods of transition, for draining of the flood and re-settlement of the people on the land which had witnessed so great a memorable havoc in history. It appears reasonable to fix Circa 3600 B. C. the age of the Flood. Objects of luxury and art point to a developed and progressive stage of society which may have taken a fairly long time to arrive at that stage. The immigration of the original settlers of Sumer from some foreign land appears to have been in the beginning of the fourth millennium B. C.
The foundation of the culture of Sumer is of prime historical importance. Admittedly, the earliest immigrants to Sumer came from some foreign land. Speiser maintains that they came by Sea, from the East. S. N. Kramer's view is that they came from the mountains of the east."