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this state of mind there is no thought about the pain and harm the person hunting is inflicting on the innocent creature hunted : (b) the person is entirely taken up with his own pleasure ; (c) he has no feeling for the pain and suffering of the animal. So we have three factors, namely, thoughtlessness regarding the pain inflicted, selfishness, and heartlessness.
With regard to vivisection, it is done for the purpose of gaining certain plıysiological knowledge. But, first, we have no right to Jain knowledge at the expense of other living beings and, second, our lack of knowledge is due to a knowledge obscuring karma and if we will remove it we shall have the knowledge without injuring the living beings. In the Jain idea of morality relationships with all living beings are considered, and not merely relationships with man.
Now froni the point of view of how much killing a layman can avoid, living beings can be divided into:
1. Those having the power of locomotion,
2. Stationary ; trees, etc. and the layman cannot take a vow to refrain from killing the stationary ones.
Now for the sake of comparing the protection to life afforded by a layman with that afforded by a monk, we may represent full protection by the number 16. Therefore in this first division (to speak
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