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“I shall not with predetermination tell a falsehood when I am conscious of the injury it will do"; or: “ I shall not knowingly and intentionally make a false statement that will be injurious to others", or: “I shall refrain from telling gross lies."
Further, the vow may be taken in several ways; for instance, “I shall observe this vow only in speech, and not mentally and bodily"; or " I shall observe it only bodily"; or it can be taken to avoid only mental falsehoods. (Writing lies would be an instance of bodily lies, there is no speech but there is bodily activity).
Incidentally-in psychological combinations the result is different from either constituent or factor.
The Atichāras. The following are illustrations of the ways of partially transgressing this vow :
1. Sahasâbhyâkhyâna ; literally means a rash and false accusation. If you ra:hly call a man a thief when he is not.
2. Mithyopadesha ; here means giving an improper order that is injurious or harmful to others. Literally it means false instruction. If it is made intentionally then it is an anāchára, it must be rashly or carelessly made in order to be only an atichāra. If you ask a person to tell a lie doing so carelessly, then it is a partial transgression.
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