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FIRST VRATA. .
First vrata is called in Sanskrit sthula-pranatipata-viramana vrata. Sthula means rough or gross as distinguished from strict or subtle. Pranatipata meaos separating the pracas (life forces). Viramana means giving up. So the name of this vow means choosing to reftain from some killing; to refrain from destroying life, but not in a literal or strict sense.
Now the next thing is to know what killing is; and then what particular kinds or forms of killing shall be refrained from,
What killing is :Killing is the tearing as under or separatirg of the pranas through negligent activities (the word negligent here has a particular technical meaning).
Negligent activities
are activities which take place when a person is in a state in which care and caution cannot be used. When a person is in any of the five following states be acts without care or caution; he does not exercise care and caution:
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