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KARMA PHILOSOPHY
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cruelty--if he did it would be breaking the vow. When it is done with some other object in view than mere cruelty or torture, then it can either be for a necessary purpose, or without a necessary reason, If it is done without a necessary reason, then it is an atichara; if it is done through anger, or greed, or in any state of mind that is thoughtless of the life of the being, then it is an atichara or partial transgression of the vow.
As a matter of fact the philosophy teaches that persons who take these vows (vratins) and shravakas ought not to keep such animals as have to be tied up, but if obliged to tie animals up, it should be done in such a way that in case of fire they can easily be let loose, and at once; or if it is a child or human being, it should be tied so that he himself could undo it in case of fire. If the tying when done for a necessary cause is done with care and thought for the life of the beings, then it is not an atichara. A shravaka is a man (or woman, of course) who hears the teaching of the monk; & shravaka is a hearer, not & teacher.
2, Vadha; is the name of the second atichara, It means to strike with a whip, to hit, or to beat with a stick of cane. This can be done for necessary cause, or without a necessary cause, If done with out a necessary cause then it is an atichara of the
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