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Jaina Perspective in Philosophy and Religion
from its epistemology of experience'l with soul as its basis. Indeterminate cognition is detail less knowledge or the primitive stage of general awareness with simple existence as its content and without any other reference. It is of four types : Visual apprehension, nonvisual apprehension, apprehensive clairvoyance and apprehensive omniscience.? Determinate cognition is divided into 8 categories : nonverbal comprehension, verbal comprehension, clairvoyance, Telepathy, omniscience and three wrong types of non-verbal, verbal comprehension and wrong clairvoyance.
Three types of relations are envisaged between Apprehension ( Indeterminate ) and comprehension (Determinate ): of non-simultaneity3, of succession, and of simultaneity.5 Broadly, comprehension has been divided into sensory (also called indirect ) and Extra-sensory (also called Direct) perception. The reason that the sensory knowledge is called Indirect is because the soul gets the glimpses of reality through the media of sense-organs and not directly. This view gets some support by an analysis of the psychological process involved in the sensory knowledge that perhaps perception involves inference, a question raised of late by the psychophysiologists. 1. Tatia N. M. ; Studies in Jainism, Jaina Cultural Research
Society, Banaras, 1951. 2. Uma Swami : Ibid. 3. Bhadrabahu : Āvaśyaka-Niryukti, Āgamodaya Samiti,
Surat, 1928, 4. (a) Akalankadeva : Aşta-Sati ( a Commentary on Āpta
Mimamsa of Samantabhadra ), Nirnaya Sagar Press,
Bombay, 1915. (b) Uma Swāmí: Ibid.
(c) Kunda-kunda : Niyama-sara, Ibid. 5. Siddhasena Divakara : Sanmati-Tarka-Prakarana, Gujarat
Puratatva Mandir, Ahmedabad, 1921, 6. Uma Swami ; Ibid.
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