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five-fold regulations ( Samiti ) of five main vital functions, observances of ten-fold moral virtues ( Dharma ), contemplation of the twelve-fold objects ( Anuprekşa ), Victory over 22 kinds of troubles (Parişahjaya )t, and observances of five-fold conducts Caritrā.5 Besides, practices of six-fold external and internal austerities with their numerous subdivision are essential. This long list of the rules and regulations of conduct and their transgressions indicate that if physical austerity is an index of self-realisation, moral life is a sine qua non for its achievement.
With this idea in view, the Jainas concieve of fourteen gradual stages of spiritual development (Gupasthina ). A detailed study will show a logical order according to the principle of Gradual Evolution of soul from Decreasing sinfulness to the Increasing Purity leading to the final unveiling of the soul. “As one goes ascending in the stages of selfrealisation and the practice of Yoga, one gradually develops the perspective of truth,"8 This I must confess is a very careful probe into the unhidden powers of the inner world. This Doctrine of Gupasthana or Spiritual Development and Yoga are interconnected since the idea of stages of spiritual development involves the idea of the means of liberation.? Yoga is the process of eradication of the exterior and the interior to realize the transcendental self by
1. Uma Swami: Ibid. 2. Ibid. 3. Ibid. 4. Ibid. 5. Ibid. 6. Kalghatgi, T. G. : "Production and Control of Para
normal Phenomena in Jaina Yoga”, Proceedings of Seminar on Yoga and Para-psychology, Lucknow University,
1962. 7. Yasovijaya : Yoga-Lakşapa-Dvātririisika, Jaina Dharma
Prasaraka Sabha, Bhavanagar, C. N. D.
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