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No. 30] TWO PLATES OF TRIBHUVANAMAHADEVI FROM BAUD
215 that their rule was established in North Orissa region in 642 A. C. or thereabouts. Thus the era used in the records of the Bhauma-Kara kings probably started from the date of the establishment of their rule in Northern Tõsala, that is, from about the year 642 A. C. The date of the Neulpur plate and the present plates calculated from 642 A. C. will be 696 and 800 A. C. respectively. These dates are quite in accord with those arrived at on paleographical considerations.
Svabhāvatunga is mentioned as the father of Tribhuvanamahādēvi. He was the ruler of Kösala, evidently South Kõsala, and belonged to the lunar dynasty. In the Patna plates of Mahāśivagupta Yayāti, his father is said to have acquired the title of Svabhāvatunga by his valour (Somakul-ābja-bhānuh Svabhāvatungo nija-paurushëna). Svabhāvatunga of the plates under discussion and of the Patna plates seems to be one and the same person ; as such Prithvimahādēvi alias "Tribhuvanamahadevi was the daughter of Mahābhavagupta Janamējaya, king of Kõsala. From this we come to know for the first time that the Sömavamsi kings of Kösala and the BhaumaKaras of Guhēśvarapätaka were matrimonially connected.
In regard to Mangalakalasa, we have so far not come across any such name. We only know that some members of the Bhañja dynasty had surnames like Kalyāņakalaša, Amõghakalaša, etc. In view of this we may tentatively, assume that this Mangalakalasa belonged to the Bhañja dynasty. It may be pointed out here that one Satrubhañja had the surname Mangalarāja. Paleographically his Jangalapādu plates, in which the above surname occurs, are assignable to about the same period as that of the present plates. It is possible that the fuller form of the surname was Mangalakalasarāja. Sasilēkhă, the wife of Mangalakalasa, is stated to have come of the Vragadi family of the Virāța lineage. The village of Koinsari in Mayurbhanj is still known as Virātapura.“The Nāga family of Mayūrabhañja was known by the name Virāța Bhujanga, or simply the Vairāta or Virāta family........the power of Vairāta Rājās of Mayūrabhañja dates from the seventh century A. D." Koinsari was probably the capital of the Virāta dynasty of Mayūrabhañja. The whole tract from Koinsari to Nilagiri was under the rule of the Virāta family. Some descendants of the old Virata family are still living and they call themselves Bhujanga Kshatriya. Vrāgadi might have been a section of the Virāta family. It is not improbable that marriage connections between the two royal families of Mayūrabhañja, the Virātas and the Bhañjas, were established in course of time.
I have not been able to identify the districts Tamalakhanda and Dakshiņakhanda and the village Köttapurā. I may only suggest that the first may be identified with Tainluk, headquarters of a sub-division of the Midnapore District, and the second with Dakinmal (Dakshin Mahal?), a pargana in the Contai eub-division. Tamluk and Dakinmal are mentioned as parganas in the Mughal revenue accounts. The Daņdabhukti mandala probably comprised the major portion of the Midnapore District.
1 JPASB, Vol. I (1903), p. 14 ff. (Plate iii a, line 4). I am indebted to Sri S. N.Rajaguru for this reference.
JKHRS, Vol. I, p. 181 ff. • Vasu, Archaeological Survey of Mayurbhanja, Vol. I, introduction, pp. XXXVi-Ixxvii. * Vasu, Viórakoša, Vol. XVIII, p. 693. • Pifth Report, Vol. II, p. 457.
• JRASB, Letters, Vol. XI (1945), p. 7. 29 DGARS
