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Early Jainism
made their appearance in an earlier list are absent in this final one) [Strictly speaking, the final list contains 46 (or 47) items divided into four groups, but since no item of these groups not at least under its technical designation appears in an earlier list it would not be improper here to take note of just the first group with its 16 items.] It will be useful to note down these 16 items, they are:
(1) adhakarma (3) pütikarma
(5) sthapană (7) praduşkaraṇa
(9) prāmitya
(11) abhyahṛta (13) malapahṛta (15) anisṛşta
(1) audḍeśika
(2) miśrajata
(6) prāmṛtikā (8) krīta
(10) parivartita
(12) udbhinna
Jain Education International
(14) acchedya (16) adhyavapuraka
Now Acaranga I [8.2.1] records the items (2), (8), (9), (14), (15), (11) -as also a new item 'samarabhya' which might correspond to the above item (1). As for Sutrakṛtānga (19. 14) it records the items (2), (8), (9), (11), (3). The performance of Dašavaikālika has to be reviewed in this background. We have already noted that here both III. 3 and VI, 47-50 record the prohibited types of alms; at both places these types are said to be four in number i.e. the items (2), (8), (11) of the above list and a new item nityaka. But in a similar context VIII. 23 records just 3 items -i. e. the items (2), (8), (11) of the above list. Two things are noteworthy about all these pre-classical lists-viz. (i) that they do not expressly claim to be exhaustive, and (ii) that they are accompanied by no explanation of the items concerned. This is true about the Daśavaikālika lists with one possible exception. For, as already noted, in VI. 47-50 there are sought to be enumerated the prohibited types of alms and since it is here proclaimed "There are the four prohibited types of alms enumerated by the great sage' the claim seems to be that the profound list of types is exhaustive. But granting that even this list is not supposed to be exhaustive there yet remains one question to be answered viz. what position in this connection is taken up by chapter V of Daśavaikālika, a chapter specially concerned with the problem of alms-gathering? The surprising thing is that this chapter does not at all conduct its discussion within the framework of any particular list of 'defects of alms'. What is still more surprising is that all of a sudden a list makes its appearance in verse 55 [ of the first sub-section where the items (2), (8), (3), (11), (16), (9), (4) of the classical list are just mentioned and the matter is considered finished, (on the other hand the single item (13) of the classical list is explained in details in three whole verses 67-69]. The chapter does say good many things about the
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