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64
Early Jainism
nanga list and our Antakyta - while 3 chapter-titles - viz. Dhanna, Sunakkhatta, Isidasa-are common to the Sthānanga list and our Anuttaraupapatika, this is so particularly in view of the fact that the stories going under these titles are as much stereotyped as most others. The conclusion seems to be that the original Antakrddaśa and Anuttarau papātikadaśã were both a text with 10 chapters and that their chapter-ticles were broadly the same as are given in Sthanānga. In the course of time these original Antakrddaśa and Anuttarupapatikadašā came to be lost - just as did the original Praśnanyakaranadaśa;then it was thought necessary to compose new Antakyddaśa and Anuttaraupapa. tikadaśa to replace the original ones -- just as it was thought necessary to compose new Praśnavyākarana to replace the original one. By this time, the practice might have been current to compuse story-texts made up of Vargas which were further subdivided into Adhyayanas and to dole out in this connection a few independent stories along with a huge number of stereotyped ones, a practice followed in the case of those 5 Upanga-texts-wbich are nowadays called the last five of the twelve Upanga-texts but which call themselves 'five Vargas of the Upangas'. And it was this very practice that was followed in the case of the presently available Antakyddaśa agd Anuttaraupa påtikadaśa which came to replace the corresponding original texts that were somehow lost. A further considuration might lend some confirmation to this surmise. For in this very period were composed two more texts containing stereotyped stories and superadded to certain old texts. These are our Vipäkaśruta II and Jñātad harmakatha Il. Thus Vipäkaśrula I contains 10 stories which narrate how a person reaped in this life the unbappy consequences of the evil acts perforined in the earlier; (it is these ten stories whose titles are given in Sıhananga as the chapter-tities of Karmavi pākadaśa--which is why we have identified Karmavi pakadašā with Vipakaśruta I). As against this, Vipäkaśruta Il narrates 10 stereotyped stories telling how a person reaped in life the happy consequences of the good acts performed in the earlier; these stories must have been written in the period under consideration and superadded to the old Karmavipakada. śã which was then rechristened Vipakaśruta. Similarly Iñatadharmakatha contains 19 stories, of which some-e.g. Megha, Sailaka, Malli, Draupadi, Manduka, Tetali putra, Pundarika-Kandarika have a content with an independent religious significance but the rest are thoroughly secular (some are not even stories but bare similes) and assuinc a religious significance only when a moral is explicitly drawn therefrom. It seems that originally the former type of stories were called Dharmakathā (=religious narrative), the latter type Jñata (=illustration) and so it was understood that Jnātad harmakatha is a collection of 19 stories of a Jñata type or a Dharmakatha type. But in the period under consideration the understanding seems to have been evolved that all these 19 stories belong to the Jñata type (the task
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