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Contribution of Jaina Writers etc.
113 in the technical sense of Hetu in a Syllogism. The following table will give a comparative view of the Jaina and the Vaiseşika Hetus:-- स्थानाङ्ग सूत्र
वैशेषिक सूत्र. हेतु-साध्य (१) विधि-विधिः संयोगी, समचायी, एकार्थ समवायी ३-१-३
and भूतो भूतस्य ३-१-१३ (२) विधि-निषेध भूतमभूतस्य ३-१-१३ (३) निषेध-विधि अभूतं भूतस्य ३-१-११ (४) निषेध-निषेध __ कारणाभावात् कार्याभावः १-२-१ Similarly Bhagavati states : से कि तं पमाणं ? पमाणे चउविहे पण्णत्ते; तं जहा पच्चक्खे, अणुमाणे, ओवम्भे, आगमे जहा अणुओगदारे तहा णेयव्वं पमाणं ।
भगवती ५-३-१३१-३२ Anuyogadvāra also observes the same Pramāṇas as referred to by Bhagavati. In addition to it, it also describes in detail the three types of Anumāna which are explained in Nyāyasūtra as Pūrvavat, Seşavat and Samanyatodrsta.1 It observes :.. से किं तं अणुमाणे ? अणुमाणे तिविहे पण्णत्ते तं जहा पुव्ववं सेसवं दिट्ठसाहम्भवं । अनु. पृ. २११ ।
Then further it describes each of these Anumānas one by one. Describing Puvvavam or Pūrvavat it states :
माया पुत्तं जहा नळं जुवाणं पुणरागयं । 'काइ पच्चभि जाणेज्जा पुन्वलिङ्गेण केणइ ॥ अनु. .. २११-१२ .
A mother recognizes her lost young son on return with the help of some marks previously known. This is nothing else but Pratyabhijñāna of later writers. . Sesavat is of five types. They are as follows:
- से किं तं सेसवं? सेसवं पंचविहं पण्णत्तं; तं जहा (१) कज्जेणं, (२) कारणेणं, (३) गुणेणं, (४) अवयवेणं, (५) आस एणं, अनु. ६. २१२. i.e. (1) to infer cause from effect, (2) effect from cause, (3) a substance from its quality, (4) a body from its limb and (5) a source of derivation from an object derived. Each of these types is illustrated by more than one example as follows :
(१) संखं सद्देणं भेरि ताडिएणं, वसभं ढक्किएणं, मोरं किंकाइएणं हयं हेसिएणं and so on
1 Ibid 1-1-5.
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