Comparative Study of Indian Science

Author(s): Harisatya Bhattacharya
Publisher: C S Mallinath

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10. Anumana.
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Uha or Induction gives us abstract truths and it lies with Anumana or Ratiocination to apply them to particular cases and arrive at facts previously unknown. As Aristotle says: A Syllogism is a symbol in which some things having been posited, something different from the assumptious necessarily joins itself to them by being involved in the being of the facts assumed." Deduction is thus not a useless process but gives new truths. "The unperceived become known," says Kapila in 58, Vishayadhyaya, 'Sankhya-sutras, "through Anumana, as Fire because of Smoke."
Anumana according to the Jaina logicians, is of two modes, Svartha and Parartha. The former consists in a reasoning which gives truth to one's own self. The latter consists in a reasoning which conveys some truth to another. This division of Anumana into Svartha and Parartha by the Jainas is accepted by the logicians of the Vaiseshika school as Sankara Misra, the Vaiseshika thinker says, "Anumana is of two sorts viz., Svartha and Parartha. Of these, the Svartha is due to one's own discovery of the facts of pervasion and of the existence of the Mark in the abode, while the Parartha is due to another man's instructions (in words) about the facts of pervasion and of the existence of the Mark in the Abode." The Jaina