Comparative Study of Indian Science

Author(s): Harisatya Bhattacharya
Publisher: C S Mallinath

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differentiates the present from the past and the future.,- the actual from the potential and the possible.
3. The Samabhirudha. This Naya attaches different meanings to synonyms even, because of their differences in derivations. The Samabhirudha thus goes further than the Sabda in approaching particularity. According to the Sabda, 'Indra' and 'Sakra' mean the same Being, the Lord of the immortal Beings. But the Samabhirudha gocs nearer to exactitude by pointing out that the words do not mean the same Being the former, refering to 'one who is rich' and the latter, to one who is able.'
4. The Evambhuta-This Naya limits the meaning of a word as closely as possible. "Evambhuta Naya," says Vinaya Vijaya, “Verily recognises an object denoted by a word, only when the object is in the actual state of performing its own natural function (as suggested by the Derivative meaning of the word)." In other words, the Evambhuta Naya would call 'Indra' by 'Indra' only when he is rich and 'Sakra,' only when he is able. As soon as his richness or his strength goes, he would be deprived of these names.
It is thus that a study of the nature of the Nayas gives us the principle of modern European logic that the intension of a term increasing its extension decreases