Comparative Study of Indian Science

Author(s): Harisatya Bhattacharya
Publisher: C S Mallinath

Page 90

15. Paryayarthika Naya. The Jaina philosophy as we noted already, is characterised by an extremely practical tone. This practical tendency is most conspicuous in its doctrines of the Syadvada and of the Naya. The Dravyarthika Nayas are undoubtedly of much practical importance, dealing as they do, with the detached aspects of Substantiality. But it is in the Paryayarthika Nayas that the extremely practical temperament of the Jaina philosophers finds its emphatic utterance. These form of Naya refuse to consider a thing except as what it is actually at the present moment.
The Paryayarthika Naya is Naya par excellence and is of four modes.
1. The Rijusutra-It is so called because it deals with expressions of what is straight or manifest. The states or modes of a thing, as it existed in the past and as it will exist in the future, are not so clear to us as its present condition. These are' crooked' phenomena to us and the present aspect of the thing only may be said to be "straight." The Riju Sutra Naya describes this present mode of a thing. :
2. The Sabda.-" The Sabda Naya," says Vinaya Vijaya, “treats synonymous words as all having the same sense.". It seems that with the Sabda Naya we enter into a new realm--a realm not of things, as with