Comparative Study of Indian Science

Author(s): Harisatya Bhattacharya
Publisher: C S Mallinath

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(ii) An Object is a Substance modified. Here, Naigama subordinates the idea of the entity 'Substance modified' to that of the entity 'Object' (iii) A Worldly minded man has momentary Happiness. Here the Naigama Naya subordinates the attribute 'momentary Happiness' to the idea of the substance'a Worldly minded man.'
The Naigama should not be mistaken for the Pramana. With the Pramana, the two ideas are independent of and irreducible lo cach other. The Naigama, on the contrary, detaches one of the ideas, gives prominence to it and by subordinating to it, the other idea, obliterates their difference and isolation.
The Naigama gives what is called, Definition in European logic. Thus in (1) above, the Naigama may be said to supply a 'genetic definition of Consciousness. Consciousness. as Descartes "Cogito Ergo Sum" shows, cannot generate and operate unless Existence is postulated. In (ii) the Naigama is exactly the definition 'per genus et differentiam.' 'Substance' is the genus, the fact of its modification is the differentiam and the two together inay be said to define the 'Object.' The (iii) above embodies all forms of ordinary' and practical definition descriptions' as we call them
(2) The Samgraha. This Naya carries the process of analysis and differentiation a step further and