Comparative Study of Indian Science

Author(s): Harisatya Bhattacharya
Publisher: C S Mallinath

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they are its Abhavas. Similarly, Coolness, Touch etc., are the Abhavas of the given Hetu here viz., Smell. Experience gives us that the Abhavas of the given Hetu here are related to the Abhavas of the given Sadhya here. This leads to the required Vyapti that what is opposed to the Abhavas of the Hetu here (Smell) is necessarily related to what is opposed to the Abhavas of the Sadhya (Earth). In Anvaya-vyatireki, both the positive and the negative experiences are instrumental in giving us the knowledge of the Vyapati. The relationship between Smoke and Fire is such an instance. We have the positive experience that wherever there is Smoke there is Fire and the negative experience that where there is no Fire, there is no Smoke.
It may be said that the Jaina way of dividing Anumana into Svartha and Parartha (followed by the Buddhist and the Vaiseshika Schools of logic) has been its real and recognisable division while the Nyaya classification is more a classification of Vyapti and Hetu than of Anumana itself. At any rate, the Jainas classify Anumana in reference to the man who reasons; while the latter does it with regard to the objects and their relationship involved in the reasoning. The standpoint of the former is subjective and psychological, that of the latter is objective and real. It may