Videsho me Jain Dharm

Author(s): Gokulprasad Jain
Publisher: Bharat Varshiya Digambar Jain Mahasabha
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010144/1

Page #1
THE FREE INDOLOGICAL COLLECTION WWW.SANSKRITDOCUMENTS.ORG/TFIC FAIR USE DECLARATION This book is sourced from another online repository and provided to you at this site under the TFIC collection. It is provided under commonly held Fair Use guidelines for individual educational or research use. We believe that the book is in the public domain and public dissemination was the intent of the original repository. We applaud and support their work wholeheartedly and only provide this version of this book at this site to make it available to even more readers. We believe that cataloging plays a big part in finding valuable books and try to facilitate that, through our TFIC group efforts. In some cases, the original sources are no longer online or are very hard to access, or marked up in or provided in Indian languages, rather than the more widely used English language. TFIC tries to address these needs too. Our intent is to aid all these repositories and digitization projects and is in no way to undercut them. For more information about our mission and our fair use guidelines, please visit our website. Note that we provide this book and others because, to the best of our knowledge, they are in the public domain, in our jurisdiction. However, before downloading and using it, you must verify that it is legal for you, in your jurisdiction, to access and use this copy of the book. Please do not download this book in error. We may not be held responsible for any copyright or other legal violations. Placing this notice in the front of every book, serves to both alert you, and to relieve us of any responsibility. If you are the intellectual property owner of this or any other book in our collection, please email us, if you have any objections to how we present or provide this book here, or to our providing this book at all. We shall work with you immediately. - The TFIC Team.

Page #2

Page #3
videzoM meM jaina dharma gokulaprasAda jaina ema0 e0, ela-ela0 bI0, eDavokeTa prakAzaka zrI bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina mahAsabhA 1506, hemakuMTa TAvara, 98 neharU plesa, naI dillI-110019 dUrabhASa: 6431954, 64194776 phaiksa: 91-11-6461433

Page #4
prathama saMskaraNa 1997 jaina, gokula prasAda, eDavokeTa (1928- ) sarvAdhikAra lekhaka ke adhIna mUlya. yU0esa0 DAlara 1000 prakAzaka zrI bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina mahAsabhA 1506. hemakuTa TAyara, 98. neharU plesa, naI dillI- 110019 dUrabhASa 6431954, 6419476 phaiksa 91-11-6461433 mudraka : nyU kaoNnsepTsa eca-13, bAlI nagarae naI dillI- 110015

Page #5
prakAzakIya hame 'videzoM me jainadharma' pustaka pAThako ke hAthoM me samarpita karate hue harSa kA anubhava ho rahA hai| - isame jainadharma aura saskRti kI gauravazAlI paramparA kA, joki bhArata hI nahI apitu vizva ke kone-kone me hajAroM varSa pUrva parivyApta thI, svalpa vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isame jainadharma kI apUrva pragati, purAkAla meM jena mandiroM ke nirmANa, vizAla bhavya mUrtiyo kI sthApanA. stUpo ke nirmANa Adi ke viSaya me durlabha-anupalabdha sAmagrI prastuta karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| isake suvijJa lekhaka gokulaprasAda jaina, jaina itihAsa ke marmajJa vidvAna haiN| Apana Adi tIrthakara RSabhadeva ke vibhinna jIvana prasaMgoM evaM anya viSayo para aneka zodhapUrNa lekha likhe he jo ki samaya-samaya para deza ke vibhinna vizvavidyAlayo eva zodha sasthAnA meM prastuta kiye gaye haiN| 'zramaNa saskRti kA vizvavyApI prasAra' viSaya para 'zrI digambara jaina mahAsamiti patrikA' ke vibhinna ako meM ApakI eka zodhapUrNa lekhamAlA bhI prakAzita huI thI, jisakA deza-videza me bhArI svAgata huaa| ____ anekAnta (varSa 50 kiraNa 1) janavarI-mArca 1997 me prakAzita Apake 'pArzva -mahAvIra- buddha yuga ke solaha mahAjanapada' lekha kI vizeSa sarAhanA kI gaI hai| zrI bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina (dharma saMrakSiNI) mahAsabhA ne samaya kI mAga aura AvazyakatA ke anurUpa jaina itihAsa kI vaijJAnika zodha-khoja eva jaina itihAsa ke praNayana ko sadaiva prazraya diyA hai| isa kSetra meM mahAsabhA kI upalabdhiyaoN to sarva vidita hI hai| isI nIti ke anurUpa isa pustaka kA prakAzana kiyA jA rahA hai| isa pustaka ke prakAzana kI yojanA jaldI-jaldI meM banI hai| ata isame kamiyA aura truTiyAM raha jAnA svAbhAvika hai| AzA hai sudhI pAThaka aura suvijJa manISI isakI kamiyoM kI ora dhyAna nahIM dege| nirmala kumAra seThI (adhyakSa) zrIbhAratavarSIya digambara jaina mahAsabhA dillI

Page #6
pUrvAk Aja se chaha hajAra varSa pahale uttara bhArata kA mahAnagara kAlIbaMgA sarasvatI mahAnadI ke taTa para basA huA thA jo AtmamArgI anujanapada kI rAjadhAnI thaa| yahA~ jainadharma kI mahatI prabhAvanA thii| isake antargata rAjasthAna kA gagAnagara jilA aura usake AsapAsa kA kSetra AtA thaa| mizra, sumera aura anya dezoM ke jahAja taTIya parivahana mArga se bhArata Ate the| ve canhudaDoM, mohanajodaDo aura kAlIbagA vyApAra sAmagrI aura yAtriyo ko lAte le jAte the| bhArata ke ina dezoM ke sAtha vyApaka vyApArika aura sAskRtika sambandha the| anujanapada ke jainAcArya onasI the| ve darzana, jaina tatvArtha jJAna, arthavyavasthA aura rAjavyavasthA Adi meM pAraMgata the| isI prakAra, lagabhaga 5500 varSa pahale apharIkI mahAdvIpa ke mizra kSetra se bhArata ke sAskRtika sambandha the aura bhArata kA antarrASTrIya vyApAra bhI pUrNa vikasita avasthA meM thaa| udyoga, kRSi, nagara nirmANa, nahara nirmANa Adi unnata avasthA me the| vahA samatAmUlaka AtmamArgI janapada vyavasthA vidyamAna thI aura manIsa mizra kI janapada vyavasthA para AdhArita pahalA janarAjana thaa| mizra ke prAcIna zilAlekhoM ke anusAra, manIsa kA eka aura nAma naramera bhI milatA hai| ___ lagabhaga 4700 varSa pUrva sumera kSetra (sumeriyA) AtmamArga kA anuyAyI thaa| vahA jainadharma kI mahatI prabhAvanA thii| janapada paddhati (cunAvI paddhati) para AdhArita sumeriyA kA ati prasiddha sanyAsI janarAjana gilagameza thaa| vaha lagabhaga 4700 varSa pahale sumera kSetra se bhArata AyA thA aura bhArata kSetra ke sabase bar3e jIvanmukta sanyAsI jaina AcArya uttamapITha se AtmamArga aura Atmasiddhi kA jJAna aura AcAra sIkha kara gayA thaa| sumera kSetra ke loga tatkAlIna jainAcArya uttamapITha ko utanApiSTina ke nAma se Aja taka yAda karate haiN| gilagameza eka mAha jIvanmukta jainAcArya uttamapITha ke Azrama meM rahakara vApisa sumeriyA calA gayA aura usane vahA AtmamArga kA vyApaka

Page #7
videzoM meM jaina dharma pracAra kiyaa| sumera kSetra ke prAcIna sAhitya me jIvanmukta jainAcArya uttamapITha aura unake AtmamArga kA kAphI vistAra se varNana milatA hai| isa samaya taka hiTTAiTArya aura IrAnArya kramaza pazcimottarI aura pUrvottarI sImAoM para A gaye the| dhIre-dhIre pUrA pazcimI eziyA hiTTAiTArya, mittanArya aura kaisAiTArya gaNo ke adhikAra meM A gyaathaa| Atma mahAyuga samApta ho gayA thA aura sarvatra barvaragaNA kA sAmrAjya ho gayA thaa| inakA eka varga brahmAryagaNa indra ke senApatitva meM bhArata kI ora yuddharata haa| bhAratakSetra kI pazcimI sImA para brahmAryagaNa aura bhArata jana ke vIca devAsura saMgrAma huaa| pahalA mahAyuddha 1300 I0 pUrva se 1185 IsA pUrva ke vIca lar3A gyaa| dUsarA mahAyuddha 1200 IsA pUrva se 1400 IsA pUrva laDA gayA jisame bahuta sI laDAiyA samudra aura nadiyoM para bhI laDI gii| devAsura saMgrAma kA tIsarA mahAyuddha (Arya-jaina mahAyuddha) 1140 I0 pUrva se 1100 I0 pUrva ke bIca laDA gayA jisame 1100 IsA pUrva me AryagaNa udIcya (pazcima) bhArata ke sattAdhArI ora zAsaka bana gye| isa sudIrdha kAla taka cale devAsura (Arya-jaina) sagrAma meM lAkhA jana dharmI mAre gaye aura lAkho hI deza choDa kara sAre vizva meM palAyana kara gaye jinaka aura chora kA bhI Aja patA nahIM cltaa| yaha hai lagabhaga chaha hajAra varSa se bhI pUrva kI jena itihAsa kI karuNa khaanii| isake bAda pArzvanAtha mahAvIra yuga meM jena dharma kA purarutthAna huA aura deza meM jaina-bahula solaha mahAjanapada sthApita hue| __ apane sudIrgha itihAsa kAla me jenadharma bhArata ke atirikta sasAra bhara me phailaa| uttara se dakSiNa taka ora pUrva se pazcima taka prAya pratyeka mahAdvIpa aura sabhI dezo me jaina dharma kA samarata vizva me vyApaka prasAra huA jisakA yahA~ sAketika vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| mai zrI seThIjI kA atyanta kRtajJa aura AbhArI hU, jinhoMne mere isa svalpa zodhaparaka prayAsa 'videzo me jaina dharma' kA prakAzana kara mujhe deza, samAja aura vidvajjanoM kI sevA karane kA avasara diyaa| gokulaprasAda jaina 233 rAjadhAnI enakleva pItamapurA, dillI-110034 . phona: 7185920. 7102296.7102304

Page #8
viSaya-sUcI adhyAya pRSTa NN - 27 28 1. vizvasaMskRti aura bhAratIya saskRti 2. bhAratIya saskRti prAgArya aura prAgvaidika kAla 3. sindha, balUcistAna, takSazilA, sauvIra, gAndhAra Adi : pAca hajAra varSa pUrva 4. zramaNadharmI paNi jAti kA vizva pravajana amerikA meM zramaNadharma 6. phinalaiNDa, esToniyA. laTaviyA eva liguAniyA me jaina dharma 7. soviyata gaNarAjya sagha aura pazcima eziyAI dezo me jena saskRti kA vyApaka prasAra 8. cIna aura magoliyA kSetra meM jainadharma 9. cInI boddha sAhitya meM RSabhadava tibbata aura jainadharma jApAna aura jainadharma madhya eziyA aura dakSiNa eziyA me jana dharma 13. pArzva-mahAvIra-buddha yuga ke 16 mahAjanapada (1000 IsA pUrva se 600 IsA pUrva) 14. madhya pUrva aura jainadharma 15. IrAna (parziyA) aura jainadharma 16. yahUdI aura jaina dharma 17. turkistAna (TarkI) meM jainadharma 18. yUnAna meM jainadharma 19. roma aura jainadharma maurya samrATa aura jaina dharma kA vizvavyApI pracAra-prasAra 21. kaligAdhipati cakravartI samrATa mahAmeghavAhana khAravela aura dezavidezo me jaina dharma kA vyApaka prasAra ONE 44 44 A5 49 58

Page #9
videzoM meM jaina dharma 27. 22. mahArAja kumArapAla saulaMkI aura jainadharma 23. mAMDavagaDha ke mahAmaMtrI pathaDazAha aura jainadharma 24. ebIsIniyA aura ithopiyA meM jainadharma 25. rAkSastAna meM jainadharma 26. mizra (ijipTa) aura jainadharma sumeriyA, asIriyA, bebIloniyA Adi deza aura jainadharma pazcimottara sImAprAnta (uccanagara) ora jainadharma mahAmAtya vastupAla kA jainadharma ke pracAra-prasAra ke liye yogadAna 0. kamboja (pAmIra) janapada meM jainadharma 31. arabiyA meM jainadharma islAma aura jainadharma IsAI dharma aura jainadharma skeDineviyA meM jainadharma kaizpiyA me jainadharma 36. bahmadeza (baramA) (svarNabhUmi) me jaina dharma 37. zrIlaMkA me jainadharma tibbata deza meM jainadharma aphagAnistAna me jainadharma hindeziyA, jAvA, malAyA. kabADiyA Adi dezo me jainadharma nepAla deza meM jainadharma bhUTAna deza me jainadharma pAkistAna ke parivartI kSetro me jainadharma 44. takSazilA janapada ke jainadharma 45. siMhapura jaina mahAtIrtha brahmANI mandira (brAhmI devI kA mandira) eva jaina mahAtIrtha 47. kazyapameru (kazmIra janapada) me jenadharma 76 79 80 42. 43. 84 88

Page #10
videzoM meM jaina dharma 48. pAkistAna meM jainadharma 49. sindhu-sauvIra janapada me jainadharma 50. mohanajodaDo janapada meM jainadharma 51. haDappA parikSetra meM jainadharma kAlIbaMgA parikSetra meM jainadharma 53. gAdhAra aura puNDra janapada meM jainadharma 54. himAdrikukSI janapada (kazmIra) me jainadharma 55. bagalAdeza eva parivartI kSetra meM jainadharma 56. videzoM meM jaina sAhitya aura kalA sAmagrI sandarbha sUcI

Page #11
adhyAya 1 vizva saMskRti aura bhAratIya saMskRti ensAiklopIDiyA oNpha varlDa rilIjansa (Encyclopaedia of World Religions) ke vizvavizruta lekhaka zrI kItha ke anusAra, beriMga jalaDamarUmadhya se lekara grInalaiNDa taka sAre uttarI dhruva sAgara ke taTavartI kSetro me koI aisA sthAna nahI hai jahA prAcIna zramaNa saMskRti ke avazeSa na milate ho / zramaNa sarakRti ke avazeSa soviyata yUniyana me sAiberiyA ke beriMga jalaDamarUmadhya se phinalaiNDa, laipalaiNDa aura grIna laiNDa taka phaile hue hai / vahA yaha saskRti prAcIna kAla se nirantara nyUnAdhika rUpa se vidyamAna thI. parantu bAda meM IsAI dharma ke pracArako ne ise samUla naSTa kara diyaa| usa dharma ke zamana (zramaNa) sanyAsI yA to mAre gaye hai yA unhoMne AtmahatyA kara lii| sAiveriyA kI turka jAtiyoM se cala kara yaha dharma turkistAna (TarkI) aura madhya eziyA ke anya deza-pradezo me bhI phelA / dUsarI ora isa saskRti ne magoliyA, cIna tibbata aura jApAna ko bhI prabhAvita kiyaa| sAiberiyA ke zramaNa saMskRti ke loga baDI saMkhyA me beriMga jalaDamarUmadhya ko pAra karake uttarI amerikA me pahuMce aura pazcimI parvatIya kSetra ke sahAre sahAre Age baDhakara ve sAre uttarI amerikA me phaila gaye aura vahA unhone vyApaka stara para zramaNa saMskRti kA vikAsa aura vistAra kiyA / aphrIkA meM islAma dharma aura AsTreliyA meM IsAI dharma ke prasAra ke pahale vahAM ke prAcIna jAtIya dharmo para bhI zramaNo ke AtmajJAna aura vijJAna kA una dono mahAdvIpo me vikAsa aura vistAra huA thA / isa prakAra vastuta. eziyA, amerikA, aphrIkA aura AsTreliyA tathA yuropa zramaNa saMskRti se prabhAvita rahe / jaina dharma vizva kA prAcInatama dharma hai| jaina dharma ke pravartaka RSabhadeva

Page #12
12 videzoM meM jaina dharma kA janma svAyaMbhuva manu kI pAMcavIM pIDhI me huA thaa| svAyaMbhuva manu ke putra priyavrata, priyavrata ke putra agnIdhra, agnIdhra ke putra ajanAma (nAbhirAya) aura nAbhirAya ke putra RSabha the| AdipurANa meM manu ko hI kulakara kahA gayA hai| RSabhadeva ke pitA ajanAbha (nAbhirAya) antima kulakara the jinake nAma se yaha deza ajanAbhavarSa kahalAtA thA tathA taduparAnta RSabhaputra cakravartI samrATa bharata ke nAma para bhAratavarSa khlaayaa| - jaina dharma zAzvata dharma hai aura sRSTi ke Arambha se hI vidyamAna rahA hai| jaina sAdhu ati prAcIna kAla se hI samasta pRthvI para vidyamAna the, jo saMsAra tyAgakara Atmodaya ke pavitra uddezya se ekAnta vanoM aura parvatoM kI guphAo meM rahA karate the| jaina kAla gaNanA ke anusAra tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke astitva kA saMketa saMkhyAtIta varSoM pUrva milatA hai| bhAratIya vADmaya ke prAcInatama grantha Rgveda meM 141 RcAo meM RSabhadeva kI stuti aura jIvanaparaka ullekha milate haiN| anya tIno vedoM, sabhI upaniSadoM eva prAyaH sabhI purANoM aura upapurANoM Adi meM bhI RSabhadeva ke jIvana prasago ke ullekha pracuratA se prApta hote haiN| uname arhato. vAtarazanA muniyoM, yatiyo, vrAtyoM, vibhinna tIrthakaroM tathA kezI RSabhadeva sambaMdhI sthala isa viSaya para paryApta prakAza DAlate hai / vastutaH usa samaya zramaNa muniyo ke aneka saMgha vidyamAna the jaba vedoM kI racanA huI, eva pUrva paramparA se hI usa samaya RSabhadeva kI vandanA kI jAtI thii| purAtattvavettAoM ne RSabhadeva kA samaya tAmrayuga ke anta aura kRSi yuga ke prArambha meM lagabhaga 9000 IsA pUrva meM mAnA hai, kintu anya manISI isa kAlagaNanA se sahamata nahI hai. tathA unake anusAra RSabhadeva kA samaya lagabhaga 27000 IsA pUrva mAnA gayA hai| svAyamuva manu kA samaya prAcetasa dakSa se 43 parivartayuga pUrva (16000 varSa pUrva) yA lagabhaga 29000 vi pUrva mAnA gayA hai| svAyaMbhuva manu vaziSTha prathama (29000 vi pUrva) ke samakAlIna bhI the| ataH unakI pAcavI pIDhI ke vaMzaja RSabhadeva kA samaya tadanurUpa hI 27000 vi pUrva grahaNa kiyA jAnA caahie| RSabhadeva aura unakI paramparA meM hue 23 anya tIrthaMkaro dvArA pravartita mahAn zramaNa saMskRti aura sabhyatA kA, uttara se dakSiNa aura pUrva se pazcima taka sampUrNa bhArata me pracAra-prasAra prAgvaidika kAla meM hI ho gayA

Page #13
13 videzo meM jaina dharma thaa| sarvaprathama to yaha saMskRti bhArata ke adhikAMza bhAgoM meM phailI aura taduparAnta vaha bhArata kI sImAoM ko lAMghakara vizva ke anya dezoM meM pracalita huI aura antatogatvA usakA vizvavyApI pracAra-prasAra huA tathA vaha saskRti kAlAntara meM yUropa, rUsa, madhya eziyA, laghu eziyA, maisopoTAmiyA, mizra, amerikA, yUnAna, baibIloniyA. sIriyA. sumeriyA, cIna, maMgoliyA, uttarI aura madhya aphrIkA, bhUmadhya sAgara. roma, IrAka, arabiyA, ithopiyA, romAniyA, svIDana, phinalaiMDa, brahmadeza, thAIlaiMDa, jAvA, sumAtrA, zrIlaMkA Adi saMsAra ke sabhI dezo meM phailI tathA vaha 4000 IsA pUrva se lekara IsA kAla taka pracuratA se saMsAra bhara me vidyamAna rhii| isa zramaNa saMskRti aura sabhyatA kA utsa bhArata thaa| RSabhadeva ke prati zramaNa aura vaidika saMskRtiyoM ne hI nahIM, apitu sampUrNa vizvaM ne apanI zraddhA aura sammAna abhivyakta kiyA hai| apolo (Appollo) (sUryadeva), Bull God (bAula, vRSadeva), tezeba (Tesheb), rezepha (Reshef) Adi nAmo se ve vizva ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM pUje gye| sArvabhauma vareNyatA eva vizvaaikya kI dRSTi se yaha udAharaNa saMbhavataH vizva kA apratima udAharaNa hai| lagabhaga 2000 IsA pUrva me aura Aryo ke AkramaNa ke samaya madhya eziyA aura IrAnI kSetra meM vRtro kA nivAsa thaa| arAkosayA aura jedrosiyA me vRtra, dAsa, dasyu. paNi, yadu aura turvasa nivAsa karate the| ina jAtiyoM ke atirikta sarasvatI aura dRzadvatI nadiyoM ke doAba kSetra aura usake pUrva aura dakSiNa me anu. drA, puru. meda, matsya, ajas, zigra aura yakSa jAtiyA vidyamAna thiiN| ye vibhinna jAtiyA jaina dharma (zramaNa dharma) kA pAlana karatI thiiN| AryoM ne ina jAtiyoM para vijaya prApta kI aura 1400 IsA pUrva se lekara 1100 IsA pUrva taka yuddhoM me unake janapada aura mahAjanapada naSTa kie| madhya eziyA kI hI bhAti AryagaNa apane mUla nivAsa kazyapa sAgara ke uttaravartI kSetra se lagabhaga 2500 IsA pUrva me yUropa kI ora gae the| 1400 IsA pUrva se 1100 IsA pUrva taka bhArata ke mUla nivAsI jainoM (zramaNo) ke sAtha AryoM ke ghAre sainika sagharSa hue jinameM untatogatvA bhArata para Aryo kI sainika vijaya sthApita huii| isake pUrva Arya loga

Page #14
videzoM meM jaina dhama yUnAna aura madhya eziyA para bhI apanI sainika vijaya sthApita kara cuke the| AryoM kI vijaya se ina kSetroM kI hajAroM varSa purAnI pUrNa vikasita jaina saMskRti aura sabhyatA (zramaNa saMskRti) sampUrNatayA naSTa-bhraSTa ho gii| tIna-tIna Arya-zramaNa (Arya-jaina) dIrghakAlika mahAyuddha hue aura anekAneka samara hue| prathama Arya-zramaNa (Arya-jaina ) mahAyuddha 3000 IsA pUrva se 1185 IsA pUrva ke madhya laDA gayA, jisameM AryoM kI vijaya huii| dvitIya Arya zramaNa (Arya-jaina ) mahAyuddha 1200 IsA pUrva se 1140 IsA pUrva ke madhya huA, jisameM bhUmi para yuddho ke sAtha-sAtha nausainika yuddha bhI hue| ye nausainika yuddha tatkAlIna zramaNatantrIya paNi (jaina) janapadoM arthAt mohanajodaDo janapada, arbuda janapada, krivi janapada Adi aneka paNi (jaina) janapadoM ke sAtha hue| iname bhI AkramaNakArI Arya senAyeM hI vijayI rhiiN| tRtIya Arya- zramaNa (Arya- jaina ) mahAsamara 1140 IsA pUrva se 1100 IsA pUrva taka claa| isa mahAsamara meM dAzarAjJa yuddha sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa hai jisameM dasa bhAratIya tatkAlIna zramaNa (jaina) janapadoM ne, arthAt pUru janapada anu janapada, druhyu janapada, yadu janapada, turvasa janapada, vRcIvanta janapada. matsya janapada, agana janapada zigru janapada aura yakSa janapada, ina dasa jaina dharmAvalambI janapadoM ne milakara bhAratoM ke nAma se (jo RSabhaputra cakravartI bharata ke nAma para bhArata kahalAte the) saMgha mahAjanapada banAkara vizvAmitra ke pradhAna senApatitva me sudAsa, indra aura AryoM ke mahAsenApati vaziSTha ke sAtha yuddha laDA thaa| usameM bhI atatogatvA Arya senAyeM vijayI rahIM tathA 1100 IsA pUrva meM Arya loga udIcya (pazcima) bhArata ke sattAdhArI aura zAsaka bana gaye / 139140 14 adhyAya 2 bhAratIya saMskRti : prAmArya aura prAgvaidika kAla vaidikaM sAhitya ke anuzIlana se tathA laghu eziyA (eziyA mAinara ) ke purAtattva evaM mohanajodaDo, haDappA, kAlIbaMgA Adi siMdhughATI sabhyatA ke

Page #15
videzoM meM jaina dharma 15 kendro kI khudAI se prApta sAmagrI ke AdhAra para yaha bAta sunizcita ho cukI hai ki vaidika AryagaNa laghu eziyA aura madhya eziyA ke dezo se tretAyuga ke prArambha me lagabhaga 3000 IsA pUrva me, ilAvarta aura uttara pazcima khaibara darro se hokara sarvaprathama paMjAba me Aye aura dhIre-dhIre Age baDhakara zeSa bhArata meM phaila gye| sindhughATI sabhyatA ke kendroM kI khudAI se anya prabhUta sAmagrI ke sAtha arhat RSabha kI kAyotsarga mudrA mUrtiyA tathA sira para pAMca phaNa vAlI supArzvanAtha kI pASANa mUrtiyAM to milI hai kintu vaidika yajJa-pradhAna sabhyatA kI sAmagrI yajJa kuMDa Adi prApta nahIM hue| isa purAnI sabhyatA ke AdhAra se jo purAtattvavetAoM ke mata se IsA pUrva tIna hajAra varSa prAcIna hai, nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki usa samaya taka bhArata meM vaidika ora hisaka yAgayajJoM kA koI pracalana nahIM thA / kintu arhatoM kI upAsanA prAgvaidika kAla se isa deza meM pracalita thii| vedoM meM ziva nAma kahIM nahIM AyA hai / RSabha aura rudra donoM pratIka RSabha ke hI haiN| dharmAnanda kAMsAbI 50 ke anusAra, parIkSita aura janamejaya se pahale ke samaya meM dvApara yuga me hiMsA pradhAna yajJa yAga Adi kA prAdhAnya nahIM thA / parIkSita aura janamejaya ne hiMsApradhAna yajJayAgAdi ko adhika se adhika vega aura uttejana diyaa| yaha samaya pArzvanAtha kA hai| isakA virodha mahAvIra aura buddha ne kiyaa| ---- bAisave tIrthakara ariSTanemi kRSNa ke tAU samudra vijaya ke putra the / unake samaya meM vivAha prasagoM me mAsa bhakSaNa kI prathA thI jisakA unhoMne ghora virodha kiyA aura isI prasaMga ko lekara ve sasAra se virakta ho gye| aura agara bara gaye / itihAsajJoM ne kRSNa kA samaya 3000 IsA pUrva se bhI pahale kA mAnA hai / samakAlIna hone ke nAte yahI samaya ariSTanemi kA 1 1 thaa| DaoN. rAmadhArI siMha dinakara ke anusAra, "yaha mAnanA yuktiyukta hai ki zramaNa saMsthA bhArata meM Aryo ke Agamana se pUrva vidyamAna thI aura vaidika dharmAnuyAyI brAhmaNa isa saMsthA ko heya samajhate the| 51 vaidika sAhitya yajurveda Adi tathA purANa sAhitya prabhAsa purANa Adi maM jaina dharma ke bAisaveM jaina tIrthakara ariSTanemi kA stutigAna kiyA gayA

Page #16
videzoM me jaina dharma adhyAya 3 sindha, balUcistAna, takSazilA, sauvIra, gAndhAra Adi - pAMca hajAra varSa pUrva isa kSetra ke anekAneka jaina mandira, stUpa, mahala, gaDha Adi to kAla kavalita ho ge| kintu zeSa ko dharmAndho aura barbara brahmAryo ne bhArata meM praveza karane para dharmAndhatAvaza tathA utpIDanArtha unheM naSTa bhraSTa kara diyaa| prAcIna kAla meM, tRtIya sahasrAbdi IsA pUrva meM, bAisaveM jaina tIrthakara ariSTanemi ke tIrtha kAla meM, sindhu ghATI sabhyatA apane caramotkarSa para thii| takSazilA, kazyapameru (kazmIra). paMjaura. siMhapura. kulu-kAgar3A. sindhu-sauvIra, gAndhAra, balUcistAna Adi anekAneka sthAna jaina saMskRti ke rUpa meM baDI unnata avasthA meM the| jaina deva mandiroM aura bhaktajanoM ke divya nAdoM se gagana gUMja uThatA thaa| vidvAnoM, nigrantho, zramaNo aura zramaNiyoM ke vihAra-sthala aura bar3e-bar3e pratApI jaina rAjA-mahArAjAoM kI aura dhanakubera zreSThiyoM kI prabhutA vAlI pajAba kI dharA susamRddha thii| pajAba ke una jaina mahAtIrtho ko tathA jaina-bahula vistRta AbAdI vAle nagaro aura gAvo ko, jinakI samRddhi aura AyAta vizvavyApI vANijya aura vyApAra ke kAraNa bahuta vistRta thA, videzI, AtatAyI, dharmAndha, AkramaNakArI brahAryoM ne naSTabhraSTa aura dhArAzAyI kara diyaa| isIlie unameM se adhikAza vikarAla kAla ke grAsa bana cuke hai| anekoM jaina mandiroM ko dhvasta kara diyA gayA, nagaroM aura gAvoM ko / ujADakara jalA diyA gayA tathA vahAM ke nivAsiyo ko palAyana karane para vivaza kiyA gyaa| aneka jaina mandiro kA hindU mandiroM aura kAlAntara me bauddha mandiroM meM badala diyA gyaa| jaina mUrtiyo ko Aryadharmiyo ne apane iSTa devo ke rUpa meM badala diyA aura kAlAntara meM musalamAnoM ne una mandiroM ko masjidoM ke rUpa meM parivartita kara liyaa| anekAneka mandirI sa jaina mUrtiyo ko uThAkara nadiyoM, kuoM, tAlAboM Adi meM pheka kara una mandiro para apane-apane dharmasthAnoM ke rUpa meM adhikAra jamA liyA gyaa|

Page #17
videzoM meM jaina dharma 17 jainoM ne svabhAvataH mandiroM ke sAtha-sAtha stUpa bhI banavAye the aura apanI pavitra imAratoM ke cAroM ora patthara ke ghere bhI lagAye the| jaina sAhitya meM aneka stUpoM ke hone ke ullekha milate haiN| jainAcArya jinadatta sUri ke jaina stUpoM meM surakSita jaina zAstra bhaMDAro meM se kucha jaina graMthoM ke pAye jAne kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| jaina sAhitya meM takSazilA, aSTApada, hastinApura, siMhapura, gAMdhAra, kazmIra Adi meM bhI jaina stUpoM kA varNana milatA hai| maurya samrATa samprati ne apane pitA kuNAla ke lie takSazilA meM eka vizAla jaina stUpa banavAyA thaa| mathurA kA jaina stUpa to vizva vikhyAta thA hii| cInI bauddha yAtriyoM phAhiyAna huenasAga Adi ne apanI yAtrAoM ke vivaraNo meM unake samaya me jaina dharma ke ina bhArata vyApI stUpo ko, dharmAndhatA ke kAraNa athavA ajJAnatAvaza azoka nirmita bauddha stUpa likha diyA / yadyapi sAre bhAratavarSa meM sarvatra jaina mandira aura stUpa vidyamAna the to bhI una bauddha yAtriyo ke sAre yAtrA vivaraNoM meM jaina stUpoM kA vivaraNa nahIM miltaa| jahAM-jahA ina cInI yAtriyo ne jaina nirgrantha zramaNoM kI adhikatA batalAI hai aura una nirgrathoM kA jina stUpoM tathA guphAoM meM upAsanA karane kA varNana kiyA hai, unhe bhI jaino kA hone kA ullekha nahIM kiyaa| yadyapi yaha bAta spaSTa hai ki jina stUpoM aura guphAoM meM jaina nirgratha zramaNa nivAsa karate the, ve avazya jaina stUpa aura jaina guphAyeM honI cAhiye / kazmIra nareza satyapratijJa azoka 25 mahAna maurya samrATa candragupta. maurya samrAT samprati, samrATa khAravela, navananda, kAMgaDA nareza Adi aneka pratApI jaina mahAtmA aura samrATa hue haiM jinake samaya meM aneka jaina guphAoM, mandiroM, tIrthoM aura stUpoM ke nirmANa ke ullekha bhAratIya sAhitya aura zilAlekhoM meM bhare par3e haiN| to bhI dharmAndhatA-vaza ina bauddha yAtriyoM ne kisI bhI jaina stUpa athavA jaina guphA Adi kA ullekha nahIM kiyA tathA ve to sabhI jaina stUpoM ko bauddha stUpa mAna kara cle| kavi kalhaNakRta kazmIra ke itihAsa "rAjataraMgiNI" meM bhI vahAM ke jaina narezoM dvArA aneka jaina stUpoM ke nirmANa kA varNana milatA hai| jaina AgamoM meM jaina zAstroM meM to jaina stUpoM ke nirmANa ke ullekha ati prAcIna kAla se lekara Aja taka vidyamAna 25 haiM /

Page #18
videzoM me jaina dharma pAzcAtya purAtattvavettAoM kanighama Adi ne bhI aisI stUpAkRtiye (gheroM) ko hamezA bauddha stUpa kahA hai| jahA kahI bhI unako TUTe-phUTe stUpa mile taba bhramavaza yahI samajhA gayA ki usa sthAna kA sambandha bauddho se hai| 1897 IsavI me buhalara ne mathurA ke jaina stUpa kA patA lagA liyA thA / 1901 IsavI meM unakA isa viSaya para zodha nibandha chapA, taba saMbhavataH sarvaprathama purAtattva jagata ko yaha jJAta huA ki bauddho ke samAna, bauddha kAla ke pahale se hI jainoM ke stUpa bahulatA se maujUda the jo hajAroM varSa saM vidyamAna the| 18 stUpa ulTe kaTore ke AkAra kA hotA hai jo kisI mahApurUSa ke dAha-saMskAra ke sthAna para banAyA jAtA 27 thA yA siddhoM athavA tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyoM aura caraNa- bimboM sahita usa vizeSa ArAdhyadeva kI pUjA ArAdhanA ke lie nirmita kiyA jAtA thA / stUpa me tIrthakara aura siddha kI pratimA hone kA spaSTa ullekha prasiddha jaina gratha tiloya paNNatti meM milatA hai| jaina mandiroM ke sAtha hI ina stUpo kI pUjA bhI hotI thii| jaina grantho meM kitane hI sthaloM para tIrthakaro kI pUjA sambandhI varNana Ate haiN| 1 29 ina pramANoM se spaSTa hai ki jaina stUpoM meM mUrtiyA hotI thI aura unakI pUjA bhI hotI thii| jaino se sambandhita khudAI kA aura unake zilAlekho Adi ke vAcana kA kAma bhArata me nahIM ke barAbara huA hai| parantu mathurA ke kaMkAlI. TI kA eka jvalanta pramANa jaina stUpa sambandhI prApta hai| usameM kitanI hI jaina mUrtiyA prApta huI hai| 30 jo IsA pUrva kAla me jaino ne sthApita kI thiiN| ahicchatrA meM bhI jaina stUpa milA hai aura usame jaina mUrtiyAM bhI milI hai| isI prakAra, madhya pradeza meM bhI IsA pUrva 600 varSa prAcIna jaina mUrtiyAM aura jaina stUpa mile haiM 31 | jainoM ke aneka vAstavika smArakoM, mUrtiyo mandiroM Adi ko bhramavaza bauddhoM Adi kA mAna liyA gayA hai| Aja se lagabhaga 1800 varSa pUrva samrAT kaniSka ne bhI eka bAra eka jaina stUpa ko bhUla se bauddha stUpa samajha liyA thA / kintu vastutaH sara kaniMghama ne to jIvana bhara isa prakAra kI bhUleM kI hai| usane kabhI nahIM jAna pAyA ki jaino ne bhI bauddhoM se hajAroM varSa pUrva se yA bauddhoM ke samaya meM hI svabhAvataH saikar3oM jaina stUpa banAye the| vAstava madhya eziyA, pazcima eziyA aura dakSiNa eziyA ke vibhinna dezo me

Page #19
videzo me jaina dharma 19 haz2AroM jaina mandira, mUrtiyA imArate, zilAlekha stUpa Adi sampUrNa har3appA-mohanajodaDo - kAlIbaMgA sarAjma parikSetra ke lagabhaga 250 se adhika sindhu sabhyatA kendroM meM bhUmi ke nIce dabe paDe haiM aura zodha khoja evaM khudAI kI pratIkSA kara rahe hai| kAmarUpa pradeza (baMgalAdeza, bihAra, uDIsA Adi), kazmIra, bhUTAna, nepAla, baramA, pAkistAna, aphagAnistAna, bilocistAna, kAbula, cIna, IrAna, IrAka zakastAna, tibbata, turkIstAna, laMkA, sumeriyA, bebIlana Adi dezoM meM, prAcIna kAla me sarvatra jaina dharma kA bolabAlA thaa| sAtavI zatI (vikrama) meM hI una dezo me jaino kI saMkhyA bahuta adhika thI / 16vI - 17vI zatAbdI (vikrama) me bhI turkistAna, cIna Adi dezo me jaina yAtrI bhArata se tIrtha yAtrA karane ke lie yA vyApAra ke lie jAte the, jinakA prabhUta varNana prApta huA hai| ye saba sthAna taba se videziyo kI barbaratA aura dharmAndhatA ke zikAra ho cuke haiN| pUrvI bhArata aura mAgadha kSetra (kAmarUpa, bagAla, bihAra, uDIsA Adi) me hajAro varSoM se jaina dharma aura mAgadha vidyA kA pracAra, prabhAva aura prasAra rahA hai| isa sampUrNa kSetra kA Adi dharma (mUla dharma) bhI jaina dharma hI rahA hai| usa yuga meM, pUrvI bhArata meM mukhyatA ikSvAkuvaMziyo kA nivAsa thA jinake vaMzaja dakSiNa pUrva meM mallikA, zAkya, licchivi, kAzI, kozala, videha, mAlava aura aga the| inake atirikta bhArata ke madhya kSetra meM koloM. bhIloM aura goMDoM Adi kA nivAsa thaa| dakSiNa bhArata meM proTo-AsTrelAiDa logo kA nivAsa thaa| ye sabhI jAtiyAM bhArata kI usa yuga kI mahAn aitihAsika vrAtya prajAti kA hI bhAga thIM / sindhughATI sabhyatA tIsare tIrthaMkara saMbhavanAtha ke tIrthakAla meM 6000 IsA pUrva meM narmadA nadI ke kAMThe se sindhu nadI kI ghATI aura usake Age phailii| unakI usa yuga kI sabhyatA aura saMskRti vastutaH vahI saskRti thI jise hama Aja sindhu ghATI sabhyatA, haDappA aura mohanajodaDo saMskRti ke nAma se jAnate haiM aura jo Age calakara saMsAra ke sabhI mahAdvIpoM ke lagabhaga sabhI dezo meM phailI aura bhArata me uttara se dakSiNa taka tathA pUrva se pazcima taka phailI huI thI aura jo aba taka bhArata ke har3appA (haryUpiyA). mohanajodar3o (duryoga, nandUra yA makaradeza ). kAlIbaMgA Adi lagabhaga 200 vibhinna sthaloM kI aura madhya

Page #20
20 videzoM meM jaina dharma eziyA ke aneka sthaloM kI khudAI se tathA soviyata rUsa se jerAbsAna nadI ke taTa para sarAjma meM huI khudAI se pUrNatayA udghATita aura udbhASita ho cukI hai| usa yuga ke bhArata janoM ne jisa ati samRddha mahAna nAgarika sabhyatA kA vikAsa kiyA thA, usake ujjavala pratIka usa yuga ke bhArata ke haDappA, mohanajodaDo aura kAlIbaMgA tathA soviyata rUsa ke sarAjma jaise nagara sabhyatA kendra haiN| unhoMne kRSi, udyoga, vyApAra, vANijya. videza vyApAra Adi kA pUrNa vikAsa kiyA thaa| yaha sabhyatA bhArata se lekara madhya eziyA hotI huI soviyata rUsa ke sarAjma kSetra taka phailI huI thii| usa yuga meM sindhu ghATI kI bastiyoM kA dakSiNI turkamAniyA ke sAtha vyApArika sambandha thaa| khudAI se prApta sIloM kA adhyayana karane se jJAta hotA hai ki unake ArAdhya digambara yogIzvara RSabhadeva the jo padamasAma aura kAyotsarga mudrAdhArI the tathA saba jIvoM ke prati samatAbhAvI the| ArAdhya devoM kI mUrtiyoM ke sira para AdhyAtmika utkRSTatA aura gaurava kA pratIka triratna sUcaka zrRgakirITa hai| ve vRtra yA ahinAga vaMzI the tathA ziznadeva yA kezI vRSabhadeva ke upAsaka the, jaisA ki Rgveda ke kezI sUkta tathA anya sandarbho se vidita hai| unakA dharma vrAtyadharma thA aura unakA ArAdhya ekavrAtya thA, jaisA ki arthavaveda ke vrAtyakADa se spaSTa hai| rudra bhI vrAtya the, jaisA ki yajurveda ke rudrAdhyAya meM Aye "namo vrAtyAya' se prakaTa hai| zukla yajurveda aura kRSNa yajurveda me bhI isI sandarbha meM "bAta" zabda kA prayoga huA hai| ye vrAtya bhArata ke uttara, dakSiNa, pUrva aura pazcima me sarvatra vidyamAna the| ikSvAku, malla, licchivi, kAzI, kozala, videha, mAgadha aura draviDa Adi drAtyoM ke antargata the| RSabhadeva ke eka putra kA nAma draviDa thA jisake nAma para hI zramaNa dharmI AtmamArgI draviDoM kA yaha nAma paDA thaa| vrAtya dharma kA mukhya kendra pUrva bhArata thaa| yaha sthiti prAgArya prAgvaidika yuga me 4000 IsA pUrva me arthAt sindhu sabhyatA ke kAla meM vidyamAna thii| prAgaitihAsika kAla ke vrAtyoM aura zramaNoM kA prabhAva atharvaveda meM bhI parilakSita hai. jo Rgveda se bhI prAcIna aura sarvaprathama racita veda hai| . bhArata kI jJAta sabhyatAoM meM sarvAdhika prAcIna sabhyatA sindhu sabhyatA mAnI jAtI hai| usa kAla kI mudrAoM para utkIrNa citroM se yaha spaSTa hai

Page #21
21 videzoM meM jaina dharma ki saba kucha tyAga kara vanoM meM nivAsa aura tapa karane vAle sanyAsiyoM, yogiyoM aura yatiyoM kI paramparAeM taba taka samAja meM susthApita ho cukI thIM tathA samAja kA pUjya aMga bana cukI thiiN| ina mudrAoM se prakaTa hone vAlA dharma aura jIvana-zailI vedoM se prApta Arya dharma aura darzana se sarvathA bhinna hai| iha-lokraparaka hone ke kAraNa pravRttiparaka vaidika upAsanA aura jIvana zailI to vaidika sAhitya meM vistAra se abhilikhita ho gaI. kintu ihaiSaNA rahita sarvasvatyAgiyoM kI jIvana-zailI kA, yuddhoM meM unakI uttarottara parAjaya ke kAraNa, mAtra ullekha hI ho paayaa| vedo ke antima azoM, AraNyakoM aura upaniSadoM meM yaha bheda ubhara kara AyA hai| zramaNa zabda kA isa rUpa meM ullekha bhI pahale pahala vRhadAraNyaka upaniSada me hI huA hai aura vahA isakA artha kaThora tapasvI huA hai| sindhughATI kI zramaNadharmI vrAtya-asura-paNi-nAga-draviDa-vidhAdhara sabhyatA hI madhya eziyA kI sumera. assura eva bAbulI sabhyatAo kI tathA nIla ghATI kI mizrI sabhyatA kI jananI aura preraka thii| vastutaH Adi mahApuruSa RSabhadeva vizva saskRti, sabhyatA aura adhyAtma ke mAnasarovara haiM jinase saMskRti aura adhyAtma kI vividha dhArAye pravartita huI aura vizva bhara me pallavita, puSpita aura suphalita huiiN| vizva me phailI prAya. sabhI adhyAtma dhArAye unhe yA to apanA Adi puruSa mAnatI hai yA unase vyApaka rUpa se prabhAvita hai| ve sabhI dharmoM ke Adi puruSa hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki ve vividha dharmoM ke upAsya, sampUrNa vizva ke virAT puruSa aura nikhila vizva ke prAcInatama vyavasthAkAra hai| vaidika saskRti aura bhAratIya jIvana kA mUla sAMskRtika dharAtala RSabhadeva para avalambita hai| bhArata ke AdivAsI bhI unhe apanA dharma devatA mAnate hai aura avadhUta pathI bhI RSabhadeva ko apanA avatAra mAnate hai| RSabhadeva ke hI eka patra "draviDa" ko uttarakAlIna draviDoM kA pUrvaja kahA jAtA hai| samrATa bharata ke putra arkakIrti se sUryavaMza, unake bhatIje sAmayaza se candravaMza tathA eka anya vazaja se kuruvaMza claa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki brahmA sameta sAre prajApati prAcIna zramaNa tapasvI hI the aura atharvaveda bhI zramaNoM dvArA dRSTa maMtra-saMgraha thA, jo bAda me vedatrayI tathA purANoM meM zAmila kiyA gyaa| sanyAsa Azrama tathA AtmA

Page #22
22 videzoM meM jaina dharma aura mukti kA vicAra bhI zramaNa muniyoM evaM rAjanya kSatriyoM dvArA vaidika dharma se juddaa| zramaNo meM asura, nAga, sura (deva). draviDa, RkSa, vAnara Adi sabhI zAmila the| deva zramaNoM meM RSabhadeva aura varuNadeva sarvocca haiN| yogazAstra ke racayitA pataMjali muni kA bhI vaidika zramaNo me atyucca sthAna hai| vAlmIkI muni tathA vyAsa muni to vaidika zramaNoM ke mahAkavi tathA mahAn itihAsakAra hI the| vyAsa muni kA to vedoM tathA purANoM ke sampAdaka ke nAte vizva ke dhArmika itihAsa me anupama sthAna hai| RSabha ke pautra (cakravartI samrAT bharata ke putra) marIci muni RSabha deva dvArA pravartita zramaNa dharma meM dIkSita hokara digambara muni dharma kA kaThoratA se pAlana kara rahe the, kintu kAlAntara me ve unake sagha se alaga ho gaye, yadyapi darzana aura vicAra meM ve unake nikaTa hI rhe| marIci se hI hindU dharma (sanAtana dharma) kA pravartana huA jo uttarottara phalatA-phUlatA gayA aura usakA bhArata vyApI prasAra ho gyaa| vaidika saskRti kI bhinna-bhinna muni paramparAyeM zramaNa dharma ke Atma ahiMsA-vrata tathA tapa ke vicAra aura AcAra se prabhAvita rahI jJAna, makti adhyAya 4 zramaNadharmI paNi jAti kA vizva pravrajana purA kAla ke adhyayana se prakaTa hotA hai ki IsA pUrva cauthI sahasrAbdi ke Arambha me aura usake bAda mahAna paNi jAti ne golArdha ke sabhI bhAgoM meM zAMtipUrNa aitihAsika pravrajana kiye| isa paNi jAti kA anekazaH spaSTa ullekha prAcInatama vaidika grantha Rgveda kI 51 RcAoM meM, atharvaveda meM evaM yajurveda (bAjasaneyI saMhitA) eva sampUrNa vedottara sAhitya meM huA hai| ye paNi Rgvedokta jaina vyApArI bhArata se gaye the tathA ye atyanta sAhasI nAvika, kuzala iMjIniyara aura mahAna zilpI the tathA unhe rASTrIya aura antarrASTIya vyApAra aura vANijya meM bar3A anubhava aura nipuNatA prApta thii|

Page #23
videzoM meM jaina dharma 23 ve ucca zikSA prApta aura medhAvI the tathA vizva bhara ke mahAsAgaroM ke svAmI the| unhoMne hI tatkAlIna sampUrNa sabhya jagat meM RSabhadeva pravartita saMskRti aura sabhyatA kA vyApaka pracAra-prasAra kiyaa| nAga, RkSa, yakSa, bAnara Adi aneka kuloM meM vibhAjita yaha paNi yA vidyAdhara yA asura jAti hinda mahAsAgara me phaile hue vibhinna dezoM- pradezo evaM dvIpoM me zanaiH zanaiH phaila gii| bAda meM vidhAdhara hI draviDa kahalAye jinake mAnavoM se ghaniSTa maitrI aura vivAha sambandha the| vidhAdharoM ne mAnavoM ke jJAna se lAbha uThAyA to mAnavoM ne vidhAgharo ke vijJAna se / tIrthakara RSabhadeva se ikSvAku vaMza kA prArambha huaa| usa samaya ahi-jAti kA nivAsa kSetra IrAna aura pazcimI bhArata thA / ahi-jAti vastuta. ikSvAkuvaMza kI eka upajAti thii| paNi bhI ahi yA vRtroM se sambandhita the| unheM bhI vedo me dasyu aura anArya kahA gayA hai| vastuta paNi loga baDe samRddha, kuzala aura zaktizAlI the| unhoMne vizva bhara meM apane rAjya sthApita kie tathA rAja mahala aura kile banavAye / bala unakA prasiddha netA thaa| unhoMne vizva bhara meM baDe-baDe nagara basAye, senAyeM rakhI tathA bhArI Arthika zakti sthApita kii| unake indra, agni, soma, bRhaspati Adi se yuddha hue / unhone apanA antarrASTrIya vyApAra sAmrAjya sthApita kiyA tathA aneka dezoM para zAsana kiyaa| unakA sambandha sumera, mizra, bebIloniyA, suSA, ura elAma Adi ke atirikta uttarI aphrIkA, bhUmadhya sAgara, uttarI yuropa, uttarI eziyA aura amerikA taka se thA / paNi logoM ne hI madhya eziyA ko sumera sabhyatA kI sthApanA kii| ve bhArata ke ahi yA nAga vazI the tathA unhoMne hI 3000 IsA pUrva sumera, mizra, yUnAna Adi meM zramaNa saMskRti kA vyApaka vistAra kiyA / unhoMne hI IsA pUrva 3000 meM uttarI aphrIkA meM zramaNa saMskRti kA pracAra prasAra kiyA aura unhIM ke dvArA bhUmadhya sAraga kSetra tathA philistIna meM zramaNa saMskRti kA vyApaka pracAra huaa| mahApralaya ke bAda eziyA ke uruka rAjavaMza (nAgavaMzI uraga rAjavaMza) kA pacama zAsaka gilagameza (lagabhaga 3600 IsA pUrva) dIrghakAlika yAtrA karake bhArata meM mohanajodar3o (dilamana-bhArata) kI jaina tIrtha yAtrA ke lie gayA thA, jaisA ki usake 3600 IsA pUrva ke zilAlekha se prakaTa hai|

Page #24
videzoM meM jaina dharma 24 vaha zramaNa dharma kA anuyAyI thA / tIrthayAtrA meM usane mohanajodaDo (dilamana-bhArata) meM jaina AcArya uttanApiSTima ke darzana kie the jinhone use muktimArga (ahiMsA dharma) kA upadeza diyA thaa| sumera jAti meM utpanna bAbula ke khildiyana samrATa nebucedanajara ( prathama ) ne revAnagara (kAThiyAvADa) ke adhipati yadurAja kI bhUmi dvArakA meM Akara raivatAcala (giranAra) ke svAmI nemInAtha kI bhakti kI thI aura unakI sevA me dAnapatra arpita kiyA thA / dAnapatra para ukta pazcimI eziyAyI nareza kI mudrA bhI aMkita hai aura usakA kAla lagabhaga 1140 IsA pUrva hai | 8 prabhAsapattana se bhUmi utkhanana sa eka tAmrapatra prApta huA hai jisameM bebIlana (madhya eziyA) ke rAjA nebucandra neMjara (prathama) ke dvArA saurASTra (gujarAta) ke girinAra parvata para sthita neminAtha ke ukta mandira ke jIrNoddhAra kA ullekha hai| bebIlana ke rAjA neSu candra nejara (prathama) kA samaya 1140 IsApUrva hai jo pArzvanAtha ke pahale kA samaya huA / nebucandra nejara (dvitIya) kA samaya 604-561 IsA pUrva hai jo mahAvIra ke kevalajJAna se pahale kA samaya hai| nebucandra nejara ne apane deza bebIlana kI usa Aya ko. jo nAviko ke dvArA kara se prApta hotI thI, jUnAgaDha ke giranAra parvata para sthita ariSTanemi kI pUjA ke lie arpita kiyA thaa| isasa spaSTa hai ki pArzvanAtha se bhI pahale yaha mandira vidyamAna thA tathA bebIlana ke rAjA bucadra nejara ne nemInAtha ke girinAra sthita jaina mandira ke niyamita pUjA prakSAla ke lie rAjakIya dAna diyA thaa| isase yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki bebIlana (madhya eziyA) ke rAjaparivAra meM bhI jaina dharma ke prati zraddhA thI aura madhya eziyA ke bebIlana Adi mahAnagaroM meM jaina dharma kA vyApaka prasAra thaa| yaha bAta nemInAtha ko bhI aitihAsika siddha karatI hai| 52 mahAna paNi netA menesa ke netRtva me kuzala nAviko aura zilpiyoM ke sAtha, dhArmika netAo kA eka paNi dala 4000 IsA pUrva ke madhya me mizra gayA thaa| vaha vahAM kA pahalA pharAo (phAravA) zAsaka banA aura usane mizra meM maimphisa mahAnagara kI nIva DAlI thI / manesa ne svaya svIkAra kiyA thA ki vaha bhArata kA paNi thA / mizra kI prasiddha pustaka Manifestaion of Life me zramaNa dharma ke siddhAta nibaddha haiN| mizriyo ko AtmA-anAtmA ke

Page #25
25 videzo meM jaina dharma svarUpa kA jJAna thA jo ukta pustaka ke adhyAya 125 me diyA gayA hai| tIrthakara mallinAtha ke tIrthakAla meM menesa ke netRtva meM paNidala bhArata se mizra gayA thA aura usane vahA zramaNa dharma kA pracAra-prasAra kiyA thaa| menesa kA putra thotha (yA taita), mahAmAtA athAre, emana, horasa aura usiri yA Asirisa bhArata (punTa) se mizra jAkara vahA ke vAsI bana gaye the| mizra kI saskRti aura sabhyatA kA pradAtA bhArata deza thaa| sindhughATI sabhyatA kI bhAti prAcIna mizra meM prArambhika rAjavazo ke samaya kI dono hAtha laTakAye dehotsarga nissaga bhAva me khaDI zramaNa mUrtiyA milatI haiN| adhyAya 5 amerikA meM zramaNa dharma amerikA meM lagabhaga 2000 IsA pUrva me (AstIka-pUrva yuga meM) saghapati jaina AcArya kvAjalakoTala ke netRtva meM praNi jAti ke zramaNa sagha amerikA pahuce aura tatpazcAt saikaDo varSoM taka zramaNa amerikA meM jAkara basate rahe, jaisA ki prasiddha amerikI itihAsakAra voTana ne likhA hai| ye loga madhya eziyA se polIneziyA aura prazAnta mahAsAgara se hokara amerikA pahuMce the tathA antarrASTrIya paNi (phinizayana) vyApArI the| ye Rgveda meM varNita una jaina paNi vyApAriyo ke vazaja the jo ki bhArata se madhya eziyA me jAkara base the aura unakA tatkAlIna sampUrNa sabhya jagata se vyApAra sambandha aura una dezo para Adhipatya thaa| inakA antarrASTrIya vyApAra saMgaThana aura sAmrAjya thA (The worldof Phoenesioss) / ye ahi aura nAgavazI the tathA ye loga hI ina kSetro kA zAsana-prabandha bhI calAte the| inase pUrva bhI hajAro varSoM se bhArata se gaye draviDa logo kA uttarI aura dakSiNI amerikA meM nivAsa thA tathA nirantara sambandha banA huA thaa| prAcIna amerikA kalA para spaSTa aura vyApaka zramaNa tathA minoana saskRti kA asara spaSTatayA dRSTigocara hotA hai| inake tatkAlIna dhArmika rItirivAjo aura AcAra-vicAra aura saMskRti me tathA bhAratIya zramaNa

Page #26
26 videzoM meM jaina dharma saMskRti meM adbhuta sAmya hai tathA prAcIna amerikI saMskRti para isa kyAjalakoTala saMskRti kI vyApaka aura spaSTa chApa dRSTigocAra hotI hai| madhya amerikA meM Aja bhI aneka sthaloM para kvAjalakoTala ke smAraka aura caitya prApta hote haiN| paNi loga AtmA kI vAstavika sattA meM vizvAsa karate the tathA unheM AtmA ke punarjanma aura siddhi meM vizvAsa thaa| unakI zramaNa vidyA kA AdhAra ahisA. satya, acaurya, suzIla aura aparigraha the| Arambhika lauhayuga ke ina paNi vyApAriyo ne apane antarrASTrIya vyApAra abhiyAno ke sAtha apane Atma dharma (zramaNa dharma) kA bhI vizvavyApI prasAra kiyaa| tatkAlIna maiksiko ke zAsaka bhI jaina zramaNa saMskRti ke anuyAyI the| amerikA kI tatkAlIna maya, inkA, ajaTeka Adi anya sabhyatAye IsA kAla ke bAda kI hai aura sabhI para zramaNa saskRti kA spaSTa prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai| vahAM ke ajaTeka loga vAstava meM AstIka kI saMtAna hai aura ve nAgo, nahuSoM, bhargo Adi ke sAtha polIneziyA ke mArga se amerikA pahuce the| ye sabhI nAgavazI jaina zramaNa the| aba isa bAta ke paryApta pramANa mila cuke hai ki lagabhaga 2000 IsA pUrva meM vikasita huI kvAjalakoTala saMskRti kI paramparA meM vikasita huI paravartI maya, inkA, AstIka (ajaTeka) Adi sabhI sabhyatAye zramaNa saskRti kI pararUpa hai| maya sabhyatA kI sarvAdhika pUjyA aura iSTa devamAtA "mAyA hai jo bhAratIya lakSmI kI bhAMti kamala dhAraNa kiye hai aura usake pradhAna devatA Adi puruSa (AdinAtha) hai| ajaTeka to AstIka kI satAna hI hai aura sambhavata janmejaya se sandhi ke pazcAt zramaNa AstIko, nAgo, nahuSoM, aura bhargoM ko polIneziyA ke mArga se amerikA meM le gaye the| Aja bhI maiksiko ke mUla nivAsI nAga kI pUjA karate haiM aura ve zramaNa dharmI nAgavaMziyo kI santAna hai| bhArata kI bhAMti unakI pUrNa vikasita sanyAsa paramparA hai| AstIka (ajaTeka) apane purohito ko "zamana" kahate the jo zramaNa kA hI rUpAntara amerikA meM eka samaya jaina dharma kA vyApaka pracAra thaa| vahAM jaina mandiro ke khaNDahara pracuratA se pAye jAte haiN| maiksiko ke prazAnta mahAsAgara taTa para jainA (JAINA) nAmaka eka vizAla dvIpa hai jisakI prAcIna saMskRti zramaNa saMskRti ke anurUpa hai| amerikA kA pusatattva aura

Page #27
videzoM meM jaina dharma 27 jainA dvIpa ke purAtAttvika avazeSa aura purAvastuyeM bhI yahI pramANita karatI haiN| bhArI bhUkampoM me, prazAnta mahAsAgara meM lupta hue limUriyA mahAdvIpa tathA atalAntika mahAsAgara meM lupta hue eTalAnTA mahAdvIpa bhI isI bAta ko pramANita karate hai tathA suprasiddha grIka itihAsakAra heroDeTasa ne bhI isI tathya kA pramANana kiyA hai| jaina tIrthaMkara nemi kI janmabhUmi mithilA ke nAma para amerikA me rAjadhAnI banane kA pramANa milatA hai| . zatAbdiyoM taka sAre sasAra me vyApAra ke sAtha-sAtha ina paNi vyApAriyoM ne RSabha pravartita zramaNa dharma kA maisopoTAmiyA, mizra, amerikA, sumera, yunAna, uttarI aphrIkA, bhUmadhya sAgara, uttarI eziyA tathA yUropa meM vyApaka pracAra-prasAra kiyA / lagabhaga 4000 IsA pUrva me jaina paNi vyApAriyo kA uparyukta vyApAra sAmrAjya caramotkarSa para thaa| prAcIna kaispiyAnA, ArmeniyA, ajarbejAna Adi samasta rUsI kSetra meM paNi vyApAriyo kA prasAra thA / soviyata rUsa meM sarAjma nAmaka sthAna kI hAla hI kI khudAI se bhI yahI bAta pramANita hotI hai| isa kSetra meM gyArahavI zatI meM hI IsAI dharma kA pracAra Arambha huA tathA isase pUrva taka isa kSetra me prAcIna saMskRti hI vidyamAna rahI tathA zramaNa dharma phailA rhaa| soviyata rUsa meM IsAI dharma ke pracAra kI prathama sahasrAbdi bhI hAla hI meM manAI gii| adhyAya 6 phinalaiNDa, esToniyA, laTaviyA evaM lithuAniyA ina dezoM ke itihAsakAro aura buddhijIviyAM kI khojoM ke anusAra, unakI saskRti kA srota bhArata thA aura unake pUrvaja bhArata se jAkara vahAM base the jiname jaina zramaNa eva jaina paNi vyApArI Adi bar3I saMkhyA meM theN| unake yahAM saMskRta evaM Rgveda kI bAteM bhI pracalita thii| unake yahAM satI prathA bhI thI / vastutaH unake pUrvaja gaMgA ke ilako se jAkara vahAM base the| laTaviyA ke pramukha lekhaka pAdarI malabaragIsa ne 1856 meM likhA haiM ki laTaviyA, esToniyAM, lithueniyAM aura phinalaiNDa vAsiyoM ke pUrvaja bhArata se jAkara vahAM basa gaye the| inameM adhikAMza paNi vyApArI the jo jaina

Page #28
28 videzoM meM jaina dharma dharmAvalambI the| inakI bhASAoM aura bhArata kI prAcIna bhASAoM meM bar3A sAmya hai| itihAsa kAla meM inakA bhArata se nirantara vyApArika sambandha banA rhaa| usa kAla meM himAlaya parvata kI itanI UMcAI nahIM thI aura vaha kevala nicalA paThAra thaa| sudUra uttarI dhruva taka bhArata se sArthavAhoM. rathoM kAphiloM Adi kA nirantara gamanAgamana hotA thaa| __ kAlAntara meM rAjanaitika uthala-puthala ke kAraNa paNi vyApAra-sAmrAjya to chinna-bhinna ho gayA kintu sAMskRtika sthiti aparivartita banI rhii| vartamAna phinalaiMDa kSetra meM basI paNi jAti ke kAraNa isa kSetra kA nAma paNilaiMDa (phinalaiMDa) paDA pratIta hotA hai| isa logoM ne satrahavI zatAbdI taka apanI mUla saMskRti ko kAyama rakhA tathA satrahavI zatAbdI meM hI phinalaiMDa meM IsAI dharma kA prasAra huaa| adhyAya 7 soviyata gaNarAjya saMgha aura pazcima eziyAI dezoM meM jaina saMskRti kA vyApaka prasAra katipaya hastalikhita grantho me aise mahattvapUrNa pramANa mila haiM ki aphagAnistAna, IrAna, IrAka, TarkI Adi dezo tathA soviyata saMgha ke Ajoba sAgara se oba kI khADI se bhI uttara taka tathA lATaviyA se ultAI ke pazcimI chora taka kisI kAla me jaina dharma kA vyApaka prasAra thaa| ina pradezo me aneka jaina mandiro, jaina tIrthaMkaro kI vizAla mUrtiyo, dharma zAstro tathA jaina muniyoM kI vidyamAnatA kA ullekha milatA hai| katipaya vyApAriyo aura paryaTakoM naM, jo inhIM do-tIna zatAbdiyo me hue hai, ina vivaraNo me yaha dAvA kiyA hai ki ve svaya ina sthAno kI aneka kaSTa sahana karake yAtrA kara Aye haiN| ye vivaraNa AgarA nivAsI tIrthayAtrI bulAkIdAsa khatrI (1625 I.) aura ahamadAbAda ke vyApArI padmasiha ke hai tathA tIrthamAlA' me bhI ullikhita haiN| ina yAtrA vivaraNo me lAhaura, mulatAna, kandhAra, isphahAna, khurAsAna, istambUla. babbara, tArAtambola, kAbula, paresamAna, roma, sAsatA Adi kA savistAra varNana hai| ina saba nagaroM meM jaina saMskRti

Page #29
videzoM meM jaina dharma 29 vyApta thI tathA eziyA ke anya nagaroM meM bhI jaina dharma phailA huA thA / istambUla se pazcima meM sthita tArAtaMbola se lagAkara lATa deza taka ke vistRta kSetra meM jainadharmI janatA kA nivAsa thaa| tArAtambola ke nikaTa svarNakAMti nagarI meM bhI jaina dharma kI prabhAvanA thI / ukta vivaraNoM ke anusAra, eziyA ke anya aneka nagaroM meM jaina prabhAvanA hone kI sUcanA prApta hotI hai tathA istambUla se lagAkara lATaviyA taka ke vistRta kSetra meM jainadharmI janatA ke vidyamAna hone kI sUcanA milatI hai| unheM yAtrA meM tArAtaMbola nagara meM tIrthaMkara ajitanAtha kA mandira, zAntinAtha mandira aura candra prabhu tIrtha meM hastalikhita graMtha saMgraha tathA jaina muni tathA sthAna-sthAna para sone-cAMdI ke anekoM ratna-jaTita mandira mile the jinakA unhoMne vistAra ke sAtha vivaraNa diyA hai| bulAkIdAsa ke anusAra, vahAM kA rAjA jaina dharmAvalambI jayacandra sUra thA tathA prajA jaina dharmAnuyAyI thI / yaha nagara sindhu sAgara nadI ke kinAre sthita thaa| isake AsapAsa 700 se adhika jaina maMdira vidyamAna the jinake madhya meM AdIzvara kA mandira thA / isphahAna tathA bAbula, sIrastAna Adi meM bhI jaina mandira the / yahA ke nivAsI jaina vyApArI paNi aura cola the| ye vivaraNa cauthI se chaThI zatAbdI ke haiN| 'tArAtabola meM jaina graMtha "jabalA- gabalA" bhI vidyamAna thA tathA eka sarovara ke nikaTa zAMtinAtha kA mandira thA / istabUla se 600 kosa kI dUrI para sthita eka. sarovara meM ajitanAtha kI vizAla mUrti tathA talagapura nagara me 28 jaina mandira the| navApurI paTTana meM candraprabhu kA mandira thA / yahA se 300 kosa dUra tArAtaMbola meM aneka jaina mandira, jaina mUrtiyAM, hastalikhita jaina grantha evaM jaina muni vidyamAna the| vAstava meM tArAtaMbola kisI eka nagara kA nAma nahIM hai| ye irtiza nadI ke kinAre base tArA aura tobolaska nAma ke do nagara haiN| tArA irttiza aura izima ke saMgama para basA hai aura tobolaska ko hI sindhu sAgara nadI kahA gayA hai| inhIM vivaraNoM meM TuNDrA pradeza, TAMDArava, altAI, lATaviyA kA bhI ullekha hai / altAI meM sone kI khAneM thIM jahAM bhArata se jaina vyApArI jAte the tathA altAI se lATaviyA (bAlTika sAgara) taka kI janatA jaina dharmAvalambI thii| tArAtambola meM usa samaya upalabdha jaina zAstra 'jabalA-gabalA" uttarApatha

Page #30
30 videzoM meM jaina dharma ke jaina tIrthoM aura nagaroM kI bhaugolika sthiti se sambandhita rahA hogA, jise kinhIM jaina vidvAnoM ne tArAtambola meM rahate hue likhA hogaa| isa jaina zAstra ke upalabdha hone para isa bhUbhAga meM bhAratIyoM ke prabhAva se sambandhita kaI rahasyoM kA udaghATana saMbhava hai| hAla hI meM tAjikistAna ke purAtattvajJoM ne rUsa meM jerAbsAna nadI ke taTa para sarAjma meM 6000 varSa purAne vyApaka nagara sabhyatA kendra kA utkhanana kiyA hai| yaha sabhyatA mohanajodar3oM aura har3appA kI samakAlIna vidhAdhara sabhyatA pratIta hotI hai jo rUsa, sumeriyA aura bAbula se lekara samasta uttarI aura madhya bhArata taka sampUrNa kSetra me phailI huI thii| yahAM ke nivAsI tAmra kA utkhanana karate the tathA anAja kI khetI karate the aura patthara ke aujAroM se makAna banAkara rahate the| unakI anAja rakhane kI khattiyA thii| unakI sabhyatA tAmrayugIna-kRSiyugIna sabhyatA thii| ve zuddha zAkAhArI the jabaki unake cAro aura zikArI jAtiyo kA nivAsa thaa| sarAjma haDappA saMskRti kI samakAlIna zramaNa saMskRti kA kendra pratIta hotA hai tathA yaha saskRti tatkAlIna balUcistAna kI saskRti se milatI-julatI hai| unakA maisopoTAmiyA se lekara sindhu ghATI sabhyatA taka se ghaniSTha sambandha pratIta hotA hai| sasAra ke purAtattvavijJa isakA Age adhyayana kara rahe haiN| bebIlona se lekara yUropa taka jaina dharma kA vyApaka prabhAva thaa| madhya yUropa, AsTriyA aura haMgarI meM Aye bhUkampa ke kAraNa bhUmi meM ekAeka hue parivartano se buDApesTa nagara meM eka bagIce meM bhUmi se mahAvIra svAmI kI eka mUrti nikalI thii| vahA jaina logo kI acchI bastiyAM thii| sAtavIM zatI IsA pUrva meM hue yUnAna ke prasiddha manISI jaina sAdhaka aura jaina sanyAsI the| yUropa aura bebIlona donoM kA sambandha iyAvANI RSyazrRMga ke upAkhyAna se bhI siddha hotA hai| maulAnA sulemAna nadabI ne apane prasiddha grantha "bhArata aura araba ke sambandha meM likhA hai ki "saMsAra meM pahale do hI dharma the - eka samaniyana aura dUsarA kailddiyn| samaniyana loga pUrva ke dezoM meM the| khurAsAna vAle inako "zamanAna" aura "zamana" kahate hai| hvenasAMga ne apane yAtrA prasaMga meM "zramaNerasa' kA ullekha kiyA hai| 12

Page #31
videzoM meM jaina dharma adhyAya 8 cIna aura maMgoliyA kSetra meM jaina dharma RSabhadeva ne aSTApada parvata para jAkara dhyAna aura tapasyA kI thii| aSTApada kA artha hai ATha parvatoM kA samUha. jisameM eka parvata pramukha hotA hai| prAcIna bhUgola aura prAcya vidyAzAstriyoM ne sumeru yA meru parvata kA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai| yaha meru parvata hI Aja kA pAmIra parvata hai| cInI bhASA meM "pA" kA artha hotA hai parvata tathA "meru" se "mIra" bana gyaa| isa prakAra yaha pAmIra bnaa| pAmIra kA anya svarUpa va lakSaNa bhI prAcya zAstrokta haiN| isase pUrva me tatkAlIna videha arthAt cIna hai| RSabha deva ne kaivalya prApti ke pazcAt aSTApada kSetra me AtmamArga kA pracAra kiyaa| ve cIna, sAiberiyA, maMgoliyA, madhya eziyA, yUnAna Adi kSetro meM pracArArtha gye| unase prasUta dharma tAo dharma kahalAyA jisane usa sampUrNa kSetrako prabhAvita kiyaa| "tAo" zabda kA artha hotA hai aatmmaarg| cIna ke mahAtmA kanphyUziyasa ne bhI mAnava ko preraNA pradAna karate hue kahA hai ki Atma-saskAra me hI manuSya ko pUrNa zakti lagAnI cAhie tathA Atmadarzana hI vastutaH vizva darzana hai| RSabhadeva ne kailAza parvata para tapasyA kI thii| kailAza parvata ke nikaTa hI RSama parvata hai jisakA ullekha bAlmIki rAmAyaNa aura anya rAmAyaNoM meM huA hai| jaina paramparA ke anusAra RSabha parvata kA pUrvanAma nAmi parvata thaa| cIna ke prophesara tAna yUna zAna ne likhA hai ki tIrthaMkaroM ne ahiMsA dharma kA vizva bhara meM pracAra kiyA thaa| cIna kI saMskRti para jaina saMskRti kA vyApaka prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai| cIna para RSabhadeva ke eka putra kA - zAsana thaa| jaina santoM ne cIna meM ahiMsA kA vyApaka pracAra-prasAra kiyA thaa| cIna ke sAtha aura pazcima aura uttara-pazcima ke paThAroM khotAna, kAzagara Adi kSetroM ke sAtha bhArata ke sambandha aura bhI prAcIna haiN| ati prAcIna kAla meM bhI zramaNa sanyAsI vahAM vihAra karate the aura vahAM unake zramaNa saMgha susthApita ho cuke the| IsA pUrva prathama zatI meM bauddha dharma ke

Page #32
32 videzoM meM jaina dharma praveza ke pazcAt to zramaNa zailI samAja kA pradhAna aura pUjya aga bana gaI thii| Aja bhI bauddhetara samAja apane purohitoM ko "samana" hI kahatA hai| mahAvIra se pUrva hI tIrthakara pArzvanAtha ke tIrthakAla meM sAtavIM zatI IsA pUrva se bhArata vizva kA dharma kendra bana gayA thaa| himAlaya kSetra, AksiyAnA, baikTriyA aura kaispiyAnA meM pahale se hI sarvatra zramaNa saMskRti kA pracAra-prasAra thaa| vastutaH cIna se kaispiyAnA taka pahale hI zramaNa saMskRti kA pracAra-prasAra ho cukA thaa| zramaNa saMskRti to mahAvIra se 2200 varSa pUrva hI AksiyAnA se himAlaya ke uttara taka vyApta thii| cIna meM aise santoM kI paramparA vidyamAna thI jo loka hitaiSaNA se hI kArya karate the aura sAdA jIvana bitAte the| cIna aura maMgoliyA meM eka samaya jaina dharma kA vyApaka pracAra thaa| vahA jaina mandiroM ke khaNDahara Aja bhI pracuratA se pAye jAte haiN| ____ maMgoliyA ke bhUgarbha se aneka jaina smAraka nikale haiM tathA hAla hI meM maMgoliyA me kaI khaMDita jaina mUrtiyAM aura jaina mandiroM ke toraNa bhUgarbha se mile hai jinakA AMkhoM dekhA purAtAttvika vivaraNa bambaI samAcAra (gujarAtI) ke 4 agasta 1934 ke aka meM nikalA thaa| DaoN. jArla zArapentiyara ne aneka prAcIna graMthoM ke AdhAra para yaha pramANita kiyA hai ki jApAna ke bauddha dharma para jenamata (yena mata- prAcIna kAlika jainamata) kI chApa par3I hai| udAharaNArtha, yoga meM cittavRtti nirodha, AtmAnubhUti, samaya aura dhArmika kriyAyeM yena mata. (jaina mata) kI vizeSatAye haiM, bauddha dharma kI nhiiN| yena mata (jaina mata) pUrva kAlIna jaina dharma pratIta hotA hai kyoMki isameM varNita svAnubhUti hI samyagdarzana hai aura sva-anuzAsana hI nizcayataH cAritra hai| isameM aneka dharmo ke mizraNa kI saMbhAvanAyeM isake anekAntavAdI dRSTikoNa ko vyakta karatI haiN| isakA dhyAna jaina dharma meM mokSa yA nirvANa yA AtmAnamati kA sAdhana batAyA gayA hai| jaina dharma bhI AtmA ko zuddha, buddha mAnatA hai aura nirvANa ko Izvara kRpA para nirbhara nahIM maantaa| yenamata (jenamata) ke samAna jaina dharma bhI kabhI darabArI nahIM rhaa| donoM kA sambandha AtmAzrayI hai, bAhyasrotI nhiiN| jenamata (yenamata) bauddha dharma se pUrvavartI bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke samaya meM bhI pracalita thaa| isameM vItarAgatA aura svAnubhUti ko janma sthAna prApta hai| vastutaH donoM ke

Page #33
videzoM meM jaina dharma 33 siddhAnta samAna hai| ___sahasroM varSa pUrva jaina sAdhu aura pracAraka vizvabhara me gye| vizeSakara eziyAI dezoM meM unheM adhika saphalatA milii| cakravartI samrATa bharata, maurya samrATa candra gupta, maurya samrATa samprati, samrATa khAkhela Adi jaina zAsakoM ke kAla meM isa prakAra ke vizvavyApI prayAsa kie ge| bauddha pracAraka to ina kSetro me dharma pracAra ke lie bAda me pahuce tathA unake hajAroM varSa pUrva se ina kSetra meM jaina dharma kA hI prasAra thaa| adhyAya 1 cInI bauddha sAhitya meM RSabhadeva antarrASTrIya khyAti ke jApAnI vidvAn prophesara nAkAmurA ne cInI bhASA ke bauddha tripiTaka sAhitya kA gambhIra mathana kiyA hai tathA unhone usame sarvatra sthAna-sthAna para RSabhadeva viSayaka sandarbho kA vistAra se cayana aura ullekhana kiyA hai| unakA kathana hai ki bauddha dhArmika grantho ke cInI bhASA meM jo rUpAntarita saMskaraNa upalabdha hai uname yatra-tatra jainoM ke prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva viSayaka ullekha milate hai| RSabhadeva ke vyaktitva se jApAnI bhI pUrNa paricita hai| jApAnI unhe "rok zava" ,tvAiddha ke nAma se pukArate hai| Aryadeva dvArA racita "SaTa zAstra" ke, jisakI mUla saMskRta prati lupta ho cukI hai, prathama adhyAya me kapila, ulUka (kaNAda), RSabha Adi kA ullekha huA hai, tathA yaha likhA hai ki RSabha ke ziSyagaNa nigranthoM ke dharmagranthoM kA pATha karate haiN| usame tapasyA, kezaluMcana Adi kriyAoM kA ullekha hai| taizo tripiTaka (bhA. 33, pRSTha 168) meM bhI isI prakAra ke ullekha haiN| cIna meM isa bAta kI vivecanA karate hue trizAstra sampradAya ke saMsthApaka zrI ci-tsaGya (549-633 IsavIM) ne isakA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue likhA hai ki RSabha eka tapasvI RSi haiN| hamAre pUrva saMcita karmoM kA phala tapasyA dvArA samApta ho jAtA hai aura sukha turata prakaTa hotA hai| unake dharmagraMtha nigraMtha satra kahalAte hai jinameM hajAroM kArikAyeM hai|

Page #34
34 videzo me jaina dharma upAya hRdaya zAstra meM RSabhadeva ke anuyAyiyo ke mUla siddhAnta citsaga kI samIkSA ke sAtha prakAzita hue the jisameM citsaGga ne likhA hai ki kapila, ulUka Adi RSiyoM ke mata RSabhadeva dharma kI zAkhAyeM haiN| taizo tripiTaka (bhA. 42, pRSTha 247) isa dRSTi se darzanIya hai| citsaGga ne svarNa saptati TIkA meM RSabha dvArA bhAgyahetu vAda kA bhI ullekha kiyA ina saba aura anya saikaDoM bauddha granthoM meM RSabha ke sandarbha meM pAMca prakAra ke jJAna (zruta, mati, avadhi, manaHparyaya aura kevalajJAna), cAra kaSAyoM. syAdvAda, ATha karmoM Adi jaina dharma ke tattvo kA vistAra se ullekha huA hai| sarvatra RSabha kA ullekha "bhagavat RSabha" ke rUpa meM huA hai| yAtrA vivaraNo ke anusAra jiragama deza aura DhAkala kI prajA aura rAjA saba jaina dharmAnuyAyI hai| tAtAra, tibbata, koriyA, mahAcIna, khAsa cIna Adi meM saikaDoM vidyAmandira hai| kahIM-kahIM jainadhamI bhI AbAda hai| isa kSetra meM ATha taraha ke jainI hai| khAsa cIna me tunAvAre jAti ke jainI hai| mahAcIna meM jAMgaDA jAti ke jainI the| ____ cIna ke jiragamadeza, DhAMkula nagara me rAjA aura prajA sabake dharmAnuyAyI haiN| yahAM kI rAjadhAnI DhAMkula nagara hai| ye saba loga tIrthaMkara kI avadhijJAna kI pratimAoM kA pUjana karate haiN| inhIM pratimAo kI manaHparyaya jJAna tathA kevala jJAna kI bhI pUjA karate haiN| ina kSetro me kahIM-kahI jaina dharmAnuyAyI bhI bar3I saMkhyA meM AbAda hai| pIkiMga nagara meM tunAyAre jAti ke jainiyoM ke 300 jaina mandira haiM jo saba mandira zikharabaMdha hai| isameM jaina pratimAyeM khaDgasana aura padmAsana meM haiN| mandiroM meM vanaracanA bahuta hai jo dIkSA samaya kI sUcaka hai| yahA jainoM ke pAsa jo Agama hai ve cInI lipi meM hai| - koriyA aura jaina dharma : yahA jaina dharma kA pracAra rahA hai| yahA sonAvAre jAti ke jainI haiN| tAtAra deza meM jena dharma : sAgara nagara me (yAtrI vivaraNa ke anusAra) jaina mandira pAtake tathA ghaghelavAla jAti ke jainiyoM ke haiN| inakI pratimAoM kA AkAra sADhe tIna gaja UMcA aura DeDa gaja cauDA hai| saba

Page #35
videzoM meM jaina dharma 35. jina bimba cauthe kAla (cauthe Are) ke anta samaya ke hai| kucha pratimAoM ke hAtha Upara uThe hue haiM jo upadeza mudrA meM haiN| muMgAra deza meM jaina dharmaH yAtrI vivaraNa ke anusAra, yahAM bAghAnAre jAti ke jainI haiN| isa nagara meM jainiyo ke 8000 ghara haiM tathA 2000 bahuta sundara jaina mandira haiN| mandiroM ke guMbaja kahIM tIna, kahIM pAMca aura / kahIM sAta haiN| eka-eka mandira para sau-sau. do-do sau kalaza virAjamAna haiN| ina mandiro meM arihaMta kI mAtA (RSabhadeva kI mAtA) marudevI ke bimba virAjate haiN| ina mandiroM meM ratnoM aura puSpoM ke varasane ke cihana chatoM meM aMkita haiN| tIrthakara ke apanI mAtA ke garbha meM Ane ke svapnoM ke citra bhI akita ho rahe haiN| phUloM kI zayyA para mAtA leTa rahI hai| ye loga garbhAvasthA (cyavana kalyANaka) kI pUjA karate haiN| adhyAya 10 tibbata aura jaina dharma yAtrA vivaraNa ke anusAra (ekala nagara meM) tibbata meM jainI rAjA rAjya karatA hai| yahAM ke jainI mAvare jAti ke haiN| ekala nagara meM eka nadI ke kinAre 20,000 jaina mandira haiN| yahAM solahaveM tIrthaMkara zAMtinAtha ke janma, dIkSA aura nirvANa ke utsava ke avasaroM para bar3I dUra-dUra se yAtrI tIrthagAtrA karane ke lie Ate haiN| isa nadI ke kinAre saMgamaramara para sunahare kAma vAle pattharoM kA meruparvata banA huA hai| yahA janma kalyANaka para mele lagate haiN| tibbata meM hI sohanA jAti ke jaina bhI haiN| tibbata meM hI 80 kosa kI dUrI para dakSiNa dizA meM khilavana nagara hai| yahAM ke jainI tIrthakara ke dIkSA samaya ke pUjaka haiN| yahAM nagara meM 104 zikharabanda jaina mandira haiN| ye saba mandira ratnajaTita aura manojJa haiN| yahAM ke vanoM meM tIsa hajAra jaina mandira haiN| unameM nandIzvara dvIpa kI racanA vAle 52 caityAlaya bhI haiN| . dakSiNa tibbata meM hanuvara deza meM dasa-dasa. pandraha-pandraha kosa para jainoM ke aneka nagara haiM jinameM bahuta se jaina mandira haiN| hanuvara deza ke

Page #36
videzoM meM jaina dharma 36 rAjA prajA saba jainI haiN| isa sAre kSetra meM atyadhika jaina mandira, zrAvaka-zrAvikAyeM, sAdhu-sAdhviyAM tathA jaina rAjAgaNa haiN| isa bAta ke vizvasatIya pramANa milate haiM ki RSabha kI pUjA mAnyatA kA madhya eziyA mizra yUnAna me pracAra phinIziyanoM dvArA kiyA gayA thaa| phinIziyanoM kA bhI bhArata ke sAtha itihAsa ke pUrvakAla se hI sAMskRtika aura vyApArika samparka thA tathA unake pUrvaja vizva vyApAra ke lie bhArata se samaya-samaya para jAte hue jaina dharma bhI apane sAtha lekara gaye the| videzo me RSabha bhUmadhyasAgaravAsiyoM dvArA aneka nAmoM se jAne jAte the, jaise RSabha, resebha, apolo, rezava, valI tathA baila bhagavAna / phinIziyana loga RSabha kI yUnAniyoM ke apolo ke nAma se pUjA karate the| resebha se tAtparya nAbhi aura marudevI kA putra svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| AramIniyana nivAsiyo ke RSabhadeva niHsandeha jainiyo ke prathama tIrthakara RSabha hI the| sIriyA kA nagara rASAphA hai| soviyata armIniyA me zAvanI nAmakA eka nagara thaa| bebIlona kA nagara isabekajUra RSabha nagara kA apabhraMza jAna paDatA hai| phinIziyano ke atirikta, akeDiyA, sumeriyA aura mesopoTAmiyA kA bhI sindhu nadI ghATI pradeza se sAskRtika aura vyApArika samparka thA aura vahAM ke loga RSabha kA dharma apane dezoM me le ge| isa bAta ke bahuta pramANa hai ki yUnAna aura bhArata me samudrI samparka thaa| yUnAnI lekhako ke anusAra jaba sikandara bhArata se yUnAna lauTA thA taba takSazilA ke eka jaina muni kAlInosa yA kalyANa vijaya usake sAtha yUnAna gaye aura aneka varSo taka ve ethensa nagara me rhe| unhone ethensa me sallekhanA lii| unakA samAdhi sthAna ethensa me pAyA jAtA hai| yUnAna ke tatvajJAna para jaina tatvajJAna kA vyApaka prabhAva hai / mahAna yUnAnI tatvajJAnI pIro (piyoM) ne jaina zramaNo ke pAsa rahakara tatvajJAna kA abhyAsa kiyA thaa| tatpazcAt usane apane siddhAnto kA yUnAna me pracAra kiyA thaa| purAne yUnAniyo ko aise zramaNa mile the jo jaina dharmAnuyAyI the / ve ithopiyA aura ebIsIniyA meM pahAr3o aura jaMgaloM meM vihAra karate the aura jaina Azrama banAkara rahate the| vizvavizruta bhAratIya itihAsa manISI paMDita sundara lAla jI ne bhI ina donoM dezoM kA isI

Page #37
videzoM meM jaina dharma prakAra kA vivaraNa diyA hai| IsA pUrva 12vIM zatAbdI kI eka kAMse kI riSabha (ravebha) kI mUrti inakASI ke nikaTa alAsiyA - sAiprasa meM milI thI, jo tIrthaMkara RSabha ke samAna hI thii| RSabha kI mUrtiyAM maleziyA, turkI meM aura isabukjUra kI yAdagAroM meM hittI (hattI) devatAo meM pramukha devatAoM ke rUpa me milI hai| 'soviyata ArmeniyA kI khudAI meM erIvAna ke nikaTa kAramIra blUra TezAvAnI ke purAtana nagara yUrATiyana meM kucha mUrtiyAM milI haiM jinameM eka kAMse kI RSabha kI mUrti bhI hai| | 37 RSabhadeva kI tathA anya tIrthakaro kI mUrtiyAM dUsare dezoM meM bhI milI hai, jinake viSaya meM sacitra lekha kucha bhAratIya patra-patrikAoM meM chapa cuke haiN| ina dezoM meM jaina siddhAnta aura brAhmI lipi svIkAra kI gaI hai| sindhughATI kI lipi philistIna ke yahUdiyoM kI prAcIna lipi thI / mizra kI prAcIna hIro liphiksa prAcIna cInI lipi tathA sumeriyana lipi brAhmI se milatI julatI thii| amerikA kI kolambasa se pUrva kI saMskRti kA prArambha bhArata se hI huA thA jinakA purAtatva yuropa kI cAra pramukha prAcIna saMskRtiyoM se samAnatA rakhatA thaa| ye prAcIna saMskRtiyAM thIM amerikA meM, dakSiNa pazcima ke pyUbaghoM meM, ghATiyo vAle ajaTeka meM tathA mavezI ke UMce bhAga meN| vahAM ke yUkATana prAyadIpa kI maya saMskRti aura pIrU kI saMskRti ye saba prAcIna mizra, mesopoTAmiyAM aura sindhughATI kI saMskRtiyoM se samAnatA rakhatI thIM / - Tokiyo vizvavidyAlaya ke prophesara nAkAmUrA ko eka jaina sUtra milA thaa| isase pramANita hotA hai ki zatAbdiyoM pahale cIna meM bhI jaina dharma pracalita thaa| bhAratIya aura yuropIya dhArmika itihAsa se isa bAta ke vizvasanIya pramANa milane saMbhava haiM ki Arhata dharma duniyAM ke aneka bhAgoM meM mAnava samAja kA pramukha dharma thaa| vizva prasiddha itihAsakAra zrI bhikkhu camana lAla ne aneka varSoM kI zodha-khoja ke bAda 20 julAI, 1975 ke hindustAna TAimsa, naI dillI meM aneka zodha lekha chapavAye the jinakA sAratattva isa prakAra hai 53 : "prAcInakAla meM bhArata sadiyoM taka bahuta acche prakAra jahAjaM banAtA thA jo prazAnta mahAsAgara Adi meM calA karate the, aura maiksiko,

Page #38
videzoM meM jaina dharma 38 1 dakSiNa amerikA, tathA dakSiNa pUrva eziyA se bhArata kA samparka karAte the isase una dezoM para bhAratIya saMskRti kA gaharA prabhAva paDA / maiksiko meM Aja bhI bhArata kI taraha capAtI, dAla, peThe Adi banAye jAte haiN| bhAratIya devI-devatAoM kI aneka mUrtiyAM vahAM milatI haiM aura bhArata ke mandiroM kI taraha vahA bhI mandira haiN| vahA bhI janma-maraNa para bhArata ke rivAjoM ke samAna, mRtaka ke agnidAha kA rivAja hai|" zrI bhikkhu camana lAla ne vahAM 30 varSa vyatIta kie aura bhAratIyoM ke vahAM basa jAne ke pramANa ekatrita kie / yadyapi usa deza me hAthI aura cIleM nahIM hai to bhI vahAM patthara para unake citro kI khudAI bhAratIya prabhAva kI sAkSI hai| IsavI san 400 meM cInI yAtrI phAhyAna bhArata Akara vahAM se 200 yAtriyo ke baiThAne kI kSamatA vAlI nAva me cIna vApisa gayA thaa| bhArata meM bane hue itanI kSamatA vAle jahAja una samudroM ko pAra karate the| perisa (phrAsa) ke myUjiyama meM bhI RSabhadeva kI eka sundara manojJa kalAkRti vidyamAna hai| adhyAya 11 jApAna aura jaina dharma jApAna meM bhI prAcIna kAla me zramaNa saMskRti kA vyApaka pracAra thA tathA sthAna-sthAna para zramaNa saMgha sthApita the| unakA bhArata ke sAtha nirantara samparka banA rahatA thaa| bAda meM bhArata se samparka TUTa jAne para ina jaina zramaNa sAdhuoM ne bauddha dharma se sambandha sthApita kara liyaa| cIna aura jApAna me ye loga Aja bhI jena bauddha kahalAte hai / adhyAya 12 madhya eziyA aura dakSiNa eziyA leninagrADa sthita purAtatva saMsthAna ke prophesara yUrI jeDneprohaskI ne 20

Page #39
videzoM meM jaina dharma 39 jUna, 1967 ko naI dillI meM eka patrakAra sammelana meM kahA thA ki bhArata aura madhya eziyA ke bIca sambandha lagabhaga eka lAkha varSa purAne haiM arthAt pASANa kAla se haiM tathA yaha svAbhAvika hai ki jaina dharma madhya eziyA meM phailA huA thA 14 | prasiddha phrAMsIsI itihAsavettA zrI je.e dubai ne likhA hai ki "eka samaya thA jaba jaina dharma kA kazyapa sAgara se lekara kAmacaTakA kI khAr3I taka khUba pracAra-prasAra huA thaa| na kevala yaha balki jaina dharma ke anuyAyI yUropa aura aphrIkA taka meM vidyamAna the" 115 isI prakAra, mejara janarala je jI Ara pharalaoNga ne likhA hai ki "AksiyAnA, kaispiyA, balkha aura samarakanda nagara jaina dharma ke Arambhika kendra the" 116 sIriyA ke amursa prAnta me eka nagara kA nAma rezepha thA jisakA ullekha marrijAtIya nareza jimrelina (2730-2700 IsA pUrva) ke lekha meM huA hai| 136 soviyata ArmIniyA meM lezabanI nAmaka prAcIna nagara hai| prophesara ema esa rAmasvAmI Ayagara ke anusAra, jaina muni-saMta grIsa, roma nArve me bhI vihAra karate the| 37 zrI jAna liMgaTan ArkiTekTa eva lekhaka, nArve ke anusAra 138 nArve myUjiyama meM RSabhadeva kI mUrtiyAM haiM jinake kadho para keza hai, ve nagna hai aura khaDgAsana hai| nArve ke sikkoM para jaina tIrthakaroM ke cihna milate haiN| tarjikistana meM sarAjma ke purAtAtvika utkhanana meM paMcamArka sikko tathA sIlo para nagna mudrAye banI hai joki sindhu ghATI sabhyatA ke sadRza haiN| AsTriyA ke buDAposTa nagara me RSabha kI mUrti evaM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mUrti bhUgarbha se milI hai| 138 RSabhadeva ne bahalI (baikTriyA, balakha ), aDabaillA (aTaka pradeza), yavana (yUnAna). suvarNa bhUmi (sumAtrA), paNhava (prAcIna pArthiyA vartamAna IrAka kA eka bhAga) Adi dezo meM vihAra kiyA thaa| bhagavAna ariSTanemi dakSiNApatha ke malaya deza meM gaye the| jaba dvArikA dahana huA thA taka bhagavAna ariSTanemi palhava nAmaka anArya deza meM the| 17 karnala TADa ne apane rAjasthAna" nAmaka prasiddha aMgrejI graMtha meM likhA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM cAra buddha yA medhAvI mahApuruSa hue haiN| inameM pahale AdinAtha yA RSabhadeva the| dUsare nemInAtha the| ye neminAtha hI skeNDineviyA

Page #40
videzoM meM jaina dharma 40 nivAsiyoM ke prathama oDina tathA cIniyo ke prathama pho nAmaka devatA the| 18 bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ne kuru, kauzala, kAzI, sumha, avantI, puNDra, mAlava, aMga, vaMga, kaliMga, pAMcAla, vidarbha, magadha, madra, dazArNa, saurASTra, karNATaka, koMkaNa, mevADa, lATa, draviDa, kazmIra, kaccha, zAka, pallava, AbhIra Adi dezoM me vihAra kiyA thaa| dakSiNa meM karNATaka, koMkaNa, pallava Adi usa samaya anArya deza mAne jAte the| zAka bhI anArya pradeza thA / zAkya bhUmi nepAla kI upatyakA me hai| vahA bhagavAna pArzva ke anuyAyI the| bhagavAna buddha kA cAcA svaya pArzvanAtha kA zrAvaka thA / " vatsa, bhagavAna mahAvIra vajrabhUmi, sumhabhUmi, dRDhabhUmi Adi aneka anArya pradezo me gaye the| ve bagAla kI pUrvI sImA taka gaye the tathA IrAna sImA para sindhu sauvIra bhI gaye the aura vahA ke rAjA udayana ko jaina dharma me dIkSita kiyA thA | 20 IsA se pUrva IrAka, zAma aura philistIna me jaina muni aura bauddha bhikSu hajAroM kI saMkhyA me cAro aura phaile huye the| pazcimI eziyA, mizra, yUnAna aura ithopiyA ke pahADo aura jagaloM me una dino agaNita zramaNa sAdhu rahate the jo apane tyAga aura apanI vidyA ke lie prasiddha the / ye sAdhu vastro taka kA parityAga kiye hue the| 21 vAna kremara ke anusAra, madhya pUrva me pracalita "samAniyA" sampradAya zramaNa zabda kA apabhraza hai| yUnAnI lekhaka mizra, ebIsIniyA aura ithyUpiyA me digambara muniyoM kA astitva batAte haiM / Ardra deza kA rAjakumAra Ardraka bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sagha meM pravrajita huA thA / arabistAna ke dakSiNa me "adana" bandaragAha ke kSetra ko Ardra deza kahA jAtA thaa| kucha vidvAna iTalI ke eDriyATika samudra ke kinAre vAle kSetra ko Ardra mAnate hai| pro bIla ( 1885 eDI.) aura sara henarI rAlisana ke anusAra, madhya eziyA kA balkhanagara jaina saMskRti kA kendra ... / madhya eziyA ke kaispiyAnA, amana, samarakanda, balkha Adi nagaroM me jaina dharma pracalita thaa| maurya samrATa samprati ne araba aura IrAna meM jaina saMskRti ke kendra sthApita kiye the / jemsa phargyUsana ne apanI vizvavizruta pustaka "vizva kI dRSTi meM meM (pRSTha 26 se 52 ) likhA hai ki RSabha kI paramparA araba me thI aura araba kSetra me sthita podanapura jainadharma kA gaDha thA 1135

Page #41
videzoM meM jaina dharma adhyAya 13 41 pArzva- mahAvIra - buddha yuga ke 16 mahAjanapada (1000 IsA pUrva se 600 IsA pUrva) pArzvanAtha - mahAvIra - buddha yuga me bhArata me jaina saMskRti kA punaruddhAra aura vyApaka pracAra-prasAra huaa| usa kAla me nimnalikhita solaha mahAjanapada vidyamAna the jo hajAro varSa purAnI zramaNa saMskRti ke pakSadhara aura AzrayadAtA the| iname jaina saskRti kI vyApaka prabhAvanA vidyamAna thI / 1 vajjI sagha mahAjanapada, 2 kAzI saMgha mahAjanapada, 3. kozala sagha mahAjanapada, 4 malla sagha mahAjanapada, 5 avantI sagha mahAjanapada, 6. vatsa saMgha mahAjanapada, 7. zaurasena saMgha mahAjanapada, 8 magadha saMgha mahAjanapada, 9 azvaka saMgha mahAjanapada, 10 pANDya sagha mahAjanapada, 11. sihala saMgha mahAjanapada, 12 sindhu- sauvIra mahAjanapada, 13. gAndhAra sagha mahAjanapada, 14 kamboja sagha mahAjanapada, 15 aga saMgha mahAjanapada, 16. vaga sagha mahAjanapada, inake atirikta bhArata ke zeSa bhAgo me vidyamAna kurusaMgha janapada pAcAla saMgha janapada, cedisagha janapada matsya saMgha janapada Adi anya janapado aura gaNapado me bhI jaina saMskRti kA paryApta pracAra-prasAra thA / Rgveda tathA anya vedo me janapado kA ullekha nahI milatA / yaha to cirAgata zramaNa paramparA kI viziSTa rAjanaitika eva sAskRtika-sAmAjika vyavasthA thI jo purAkAla ke sudIrgha kAlIna devAsura saMgrAma ke kAraNa. naSTa-bhraSTa ho gaI thI tathA dvApara yuga me bAIsave tIrthaMkara neminAtha ke tIrthakAla ke antima caraNa meM isI janapada vyavasthA kI, zramaNa dharma ke punarutthAna ke sAtha hI, punarsthApanA evaM pratyAsthApanA ho rahI thI / yaha 23 veM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke tIrtha kAla ke Arambha 10vIM 9vIM zatI IsA pUrva kA yuga thA / ise upaniSada kAla bhI kahA jAtA hai| sarva prathama brAhmaNa-granthoM meM janapadoM kA ullekha milatA hai / brAhmaNa kAla meM dhIre-dhIre ina janapadoM kA mahAjanapadoM ke rUpa meM pratyAsthApana aura

Page #42
42 videzoM meM jaina dharma I pUrNa vikAsa hotA calA gyaa| DA. vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla ke anusAra, mahAjanapadoM kA yuga 1000 IsA pUrva se 500 IsA pUrva taka rahA / vastutaH rAjanaitika, sAskRtika aura Arthika jIvana kI ikAI bana gaye the inakI saMkhyA ghaTatI-bar3hatI rahI hai| pANini kI aSTAdhyAyI meM 22 janapadoM kA ullekha AyA hai| mahAvastu meM kevala sAta janapadoM kA varNana hai / bAda meM ApasI saMgharSa aura sAmrAjyavAdI pravRti ke kAraNa janapado kI saMkhyA kama hone lagI thI / baDe-baDe janapadoM ne choTe-choTe janapadoM para vijaya prApta kara unheM apane rAjya meM sammilita kara liyA thA aura isa prakAra mahAjanapadoM kA udvikAsa huaa| pArzva- mahAvIra - buddha yuga meM 16 mahAjanapada vidyamAna the| jaina bhagavatI sUtra aura bauddha aMguttara nikAya meM inakA vistRta vivaraNa milatA hai| DA. rAjabalI pADeya ne bhI inakA vivaraNa diyA hai| vastuta sampUrNa bhArata me mahAjanapada rAjyoM kI sthApanA ho cukI thI jo maurya sAmrAjya kI sthApanA taka calatI rhii| sikandara ke sainikoM ne jaina dharma ko baikTriyA, auksiyAnA, kAspiyAnA tathA aphagAnistAna aura bhArata ke bIca kI saba ghATiyo me unnata rUpa meM phailA huA pAyA thaa| jainadharma atyanta prAcIna kAla se cIna se kAspiyAnA taka upadezita hotA thaa| jaina dharma AksiyAnA aura himAlaya ke uttara me mahAvIra se 2000 varSa pUrva maujUda thA / 22 adhyAya 14 madhya pUrva aura jaina dharma mahAtmA IsA dvArA pravartita IsAI dharma ke AdhArabhUta tIna maulika tattva he vikRta yahUdI dharma, vikRta mitravAda aura yUnAna ke aurphika mArga kA Atmatattva / iname se mitravAdI Rgvedokta mitra kI dhArA ke anuyAyI haiM aura ina para RSabha ke Atma mArga kA prabhAva pdd'aa| yUnAna kA aurphika mArga to pUrNatayA RSabha ke Atma mArga para hI calA jisakA ki yUnAna kSetra aura bhUmadhya sAgara kSetra para vyApaka prabhAva pdd'aa| isa mArga ke anuyAyI pAithAgorasa

Page #43
videzoM meM jaina dharma 43 Adi the| bAda meM ye loga jimnosophisTa khlaaye| pAithAgorasa kA ziSya pleTo thaa| inake sAhitya meM RSabha kA ullekha rezepha ke rUpa meM milatA / kucha vidvAnoM kI dhAraNA hai ki pArzvanAtha kI paramparA meM jina pihitAzrava muni kA ullekha milatA hai. ve grIka vidvAna pAithAgorasa hI the| prasiddha itihAsavettA paM. sundaralAla ne apanI pustaka "hajarata IsA aura IsAI dharma" meM pRSTha 162 para batalAyA hai ki bhArata meM Akara hajarata IsA bahuta samaya taka jaina sAdhuoM ke sAtha rhe| jaina sAdhuoM se unhoMne AdhyAtmika zikSA aura AcAra-vicAra kI mUla bhAvanA prApta kii| hajarata IsA ne jo pailesTAina me Atma-zuddhi ke lie 40 dina kA upavAsa kiyA thA, vaha pailesTAina ke prakhyAta yahUdI vidvAna jAjaksa ke matAnusAra, bhArata kA pAlItAnA jaina kSetra hai| pAlItAnA me hI unhoMne jaina sAdhuoM se dhArmika zikSA grahaNa kii| isI kAraNa IsAI siddhAntoM para jaina dharma kA spaSTa prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai| hajerata IsA bahuta dinoM taka jaina sAdhuoM ke ziSya rahakara nepAla cale gaye, vahAM se himAlaya parvata ke mArga se IrAna cale aae| IrAna me Akara unhoMne dharma-upadeza prArambha kiyaa| pAlItAnA ke nAmAnusAra IrAna meM pailesTAina nagara basAyA gayA jise Aja philistIna bhI kahate hai| isI nagara me IsA ko phAMsI dI gaI thii| adhyAya 15 IrAna (parziyA) aura jaina dharma ahiMsA dharma ke pracAraka jarathusta ne parziyA meM sarvatra ahiMsA kA vyApaka pracAra-prasAra kiyA aura aneka devAlaya bhI sthApita kie| prophesara e. cakravartI ke anusAra IrAna me jaina dharma kA prasAra rahA hai tathA utkhanana meM jaina pratimAyeM nikalatI rahI haiN| jarathusta (dvitIya) ahiMsA dharma se atyadhika prabhAvita the tathA una para jaina dharma kA pUrA prabhAva thaa| e. cakravartI ne IrAna meM jaina saMskRti ke prasAra para paryApta prakAza DAlA hai| jarathusta ke chandoveda para jaina saMskRti kA

Page #44
44 vyApaka prabhAva par3A pratIta hotA hai| adhyAya 16 videzoM meM jaina dharma yahUdI aura jaina dharma prasiddha itihAsa lekhaka mejara janarala je jI Ara. pharlAMga ne likhA hai ki arastU 23 ne IsavI san se 330 varSa pahale kahA hai ki kAlesIriyA ke nivAsI yahUdI bhAratIya tattvajJAnI the jinako pUrva me kAlanI aura ikSvAkuvazI kahate the| judiyA meM rahane ke kAraNa ye yahUdI kahalAte hai| ye prAcIna yahUdI vAstava me bhAratIya ikSvAkuvaMzI jaina the jo judiyA me rahane ke kAraNa yahUdI kahalAne lage the| isa prakAra yahUdI dharma kA mUla zrota bhI jaina dharma pratIta hotA hai| adhyAya 17 turkistAna (TarkI) meM jaina dharma itihAsakAroM ke anusAra turkistAna me bhAratIya sabhyatA ke anekAneka cihna mile hai / utkhanana ke samaya 1700-1800 varSa purAne hastalikhita grantha mile hai jo tADapatra, bhojapatra, kASTha, camaDe Adi para hai, prAkRta saMskRta Adi me hai aura adhikatara kharoSThI lipi meM haiN| ina grantho ko jApAnI, jarmana, phrAsIsI aura aMgreja loga apane-apane dezo ko le gaye haiM / prAkRta bhASA ke grantha milane se jJAta hotA hai ki ve jaina dharma para hI hone cAhie tathA isa deza me jaina dharma kA vyApaka astitva rahA hogaa| istambUla nagara se 570 kosa kI dUrI para sthita tArAtambola nAmaka vizAla vyApArika nagara me vikrama kI 17vIM zatAbdI taka bar3e-bar3e vizAla jaina mandira, jaina pauSadhazAlAye, upAzraya, lAkho kI saMkhyA meM jaina dharmAnuyAyI, caturvidha zrIsaMgha tathA sadhAdhipati jainAcArya apane ziSyo- praziSyo ke munisaMmpradAya ke sAtha vidyamAna the| AcArya kA nAma yuga-pradhAna udayaprabha sUri thaa| vahAM

Page #45
videzoM meM jaina dharma 45. kA rAjA aura sArI prajA jaina dharmAnuyAyI thii| samaya-samaya para vahAM aneka dezoM se jaina loga tIrtha-yAtrAoM aura antarrASTrIya vyApAra ke lie jAte the| bhArata se vahAM jAne vAle aneka yAtriyoM ke unake apane yAtrA vivaraNoM sambandhI hastalikhita patra bhArata ke aneka jaina zAstra bhaMDAroM meM surakSita haiN| udAharaNArtha, samrATa zAhajahAM ke kAla kA vikrama saMvat 1683 kA tArAtaMbola kI yAtrA kA ThAkura bulAkIdAsa kA yAtrAvivaraNa rUpa nagara, dillI ke zAntinAtha jaina, mandira ke zAstra bhaMDAra meM maujUda hai| __ cInI turkistAna se bhI aneka sthAnoM ke prAcIna citra mile haiN| uname jaina dharma se sambandha rakhane vAlI ghaTanAyeM bhI citrita hai| adhyAya 18 yUnAna meM jaina dharma yUnAna me bhI sabhyatA kA vikAsa zramaNa saskRti kI pragati ke sAtha-sAtha lagabhaga 1500 IsA pUrva meM prArambha huaa| vahAM bhI lokahitaiSI zramaNa santoM kI paramparA atyanta prAcIna hai jo karmakANDa se dUra rahakara sarala jIvana-yApana kA upadeza dete the| isI samaya vartamAna turkI aura usase dakSiNa meM lebanAna aura sIriyA me hattI aura mitannI sabhyatAyeM vikasita ho rahI thiiN| ina dono sabhyatAoM kI tatkAlIna bhAratIya sabhyatA se gaharI samAnatA thii| dono ke ArAdhya deva taka samAna the| ye vastuta: jaina zramaNa sabhyatAyeM hI thiiN| dono meM purAhitoM aura sanyAsiyo kI susthApita paramparAye thiiN| inakA sIdhA prabhAva yUnAna kI sabhyatA aura usakI uttarAdhikArI roma kI sabhyatA para bhI pdd'aa| sikandara 324 IsA pUrva meM bhArata se lauTa gayA aura 323 IsA pUtra me usakA nidhana huaa| usake pazcAt sailyUkasa ne kaba bhArata para AkramaNa kiyA isakA samAdhAna uDIsA ke hAthI guMphA-abhilekha meM hai| magadha-yUnAna saMgharSa 315 IsA pUrva meM huA thA aura usa samaya magadha para bRhaspati-mitra (bindusAra) kA zAsana thaa| hAthI guMphA abhilekha se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki vaha saMmarda itihAsa prasiddha sandhi meM samApta huaa| kintu

Page #46
46 videzoM meM jaina dharma Azcarya yaha hai ki vizvaprasiddha jaina samrATa candragupta maurya ke mahAmAtya eva guru cANakya kA ullekha na to megasthanIja ne kiyA hai aura na khAravela ne hii| adhyAya 19 roma aura jaina dharma roma kI karmakADa tathA ihaloka pradhAna jIvana zailI meM bhAratIya zramaNa vicAradhArA jamI na raha skii| roma me sanyAsa kA praveza bAda me yahUdiyoM aura IsAiyoM ke mAdhyama se huaa| sAtavIM-chaThI zatI IsA pUrva meM IrAna ke mAdhyama se yUnAna ke sAtha sAMskRtika sambandha sthApita hone ke bAda se yUnAna ke darzana para bhAratIya zramaNa darzana kA prabhAva spaSTatayA lakSita hone lgaa| sAtha hI sanyAsa kI paramparA bhI vahAM bala pakaDatI gii| jaina zramaNa bhI sudUra dezo taka vihAra karate the| I. pUrva san 25 me pANDya ke rAjA ne agasTasa sIjara ke darabAra meM dUta bheje the| unake sAtha zramaNa bhI yUnAna gae the| zrI vizambharanAtha pAMDe ne likhA hai - "ina (jaina) sAdhuo ke tyAga kA prabhAva yahUdI dharmAvalambiyo para vizeSa rUpa se pdd'aa| ina AdarzoM kA pAlana karane vAlo kI, yahUdiyoM meM eka khAsa jamAta bana gaI jo "aisminI' kahalAtI thii| ina logoM ne yahUdI dharma ke karmakADo kA pAlana tyAga diyaa| ye bastI se dUra jaMgaloM meM yA pahADo para kuTI banAkara rahate the| jaina muniyoM kI taraha ahiMsA ko apanA khAsa dharma mAnate the| unhe mAMsa khAne se behada paraheja thaa| ve kaThora aura sayamI jIvana vyatIta karate the| pazubali kA tIvra virodha karate the aura zArIrika parizrama se hI jIvana yApana karate the| ve aparigraha ke siddhAnta para vizvAsa karate the| ve samasta sampatti ko samAja kI sampatti samajhate the| mizra meM inhIM tapasviyoM ko "therApUte" kahA jAtA thaa| "therApUte" kA artha "maunI-aparigrahI hai|" mahAvIra ke mahAna vyaktitva kI prasiddhi bhI dUra-dUra ke dezoM taka phailii| bhArata ke aneka bhAgoM meM unhoMne vihAra aura pracAra kiyA thaa| IrAna

Page #47
47 // videzoM me jaina dharma ke rAjakumAra aradarAka (adaraka) ne sunA to ve bhArata Aye aura mahAvIra kA apadezAmRta pAna kara unake ziSya bana gye| IrAna meM saMbhavataH unhoMne hI ahiMsA dharma kA pracAra kiyA thaa| mahAtmA. jarathusta ke anuyAyiyoM ne bhI pazubali prathA kA anta kara diyaa| zAha dArA mahAn ne azoka kI taraha hI dharmalekha utkIrNa karAke ahiMsA dharma kA pracAra kiyA thaa| IrAna meM ahiMsA kI eka paramparA hI cala pdd'ii| kalandara sampradAya ke saphI kaTTara ahiMsAvAdI ho gaye haiN| mahAvIra sindhu-sauvIra ke rAjA udayana ko upadeza dene ke lie sindhu-sauvIra gaye the aura vaha unakA parama ziSya bana gayA thaa| mahAvIra kI ahiMsA kA saMdeza IrAna se Age philistIna, mizra aura yUnAna taka pahuMcA thaa| philistIna ke essena ,mmadaddha loga kaTTara ahiMsAvAdI the| mizra meM bhI zakAhAra ko Azraya diyA gayA aura yUnAna meM pAithAgorasa ne bhAratIya ahiMsA aura jaina dharma ke sandeza ko phailaayaa| use san 81 IsvI meM bhRgukaccha ke zramaNAcArya ne ethensa jAkara jJAnasaMpanna kiyA thaa| jaina zramaNa bhArata ke bAhara dUra-dUra ke dezoM taka gaye aura usa samaya sAre vizva meM ahiMsA kA sAmrAjya sthApita ho gayA thaa| cIna meM tAo ne ahisA para jora diyaa| philistIna me essena logoM ne ahiMsA ko jIvana meM utaaraa| yUnAna me pAithAgorasa ne jo ahiMsA kI ajasra dhArA bahAI vaha barAbara bahatI rhii| mizra me bhI prAcIna kAla se hI jaina sAdhuoM ne ahiMsA dharma kA pracAra kiyA aura vahA kI janatA zAkAhArI ho gaI thii| mizra meM paigambara muhammada ke samaya aneka jaina mandira aura devAlaya vidyamAna the| mizra aura yUnAna me RSabhadeva kI prAcIna mUrtiyA milI haiN| bhAratIya sabhyatA ke nirmANa meM AdikAla se hI jaino kA pramukha hAtha rahA hai| jainoM meM baDe-baDe vyApArI aura rAjanItivettA hote Aye hai tathA prAcIna kAla meM jo videzoM se vizvavyApI vyApAra pracalita thA, urAmeM jainoM kA pramukha hAtha thaa|24 magadhAdhipati zreNika bimbasAra mahAvIra ke parama upAsaka the| unhoMne aura unake putra mahAmaMtrI abhaya kumAra ne videzoM meM vyApaka rUpa se jaina dharma kA pracAra kiyA tathA dharma pracAra kA kArya apane rAjya ke vaidezika vibhAga dvArA niSpAdita kiyaa| rAjaputra Ardraka kumAra mahAvIra svAmI se dIkSA lekara Ardraka muni bane aura gozAlaka. bauddhoM, vedAntiyoM aura tApasoM

Page #48
48 videzoM meM jaina dharma ke sAtha unake mahattvapUrNa savAda hue| vividha tIrthakalpa26 (vi. 14 zataka) ke anusAra, tathA AcArya hemacandra (pariziSTa parva) ke anusAra. samrAT samprati (IsA pUrva 232 se 190) ne ardha bhArata para arthAta bharatavarSa ke tIna khaMDoM para apanA prabhutva sthApita kiyA thaa| jambUdvIpa prajJapti ke anusAra, bharatavarSa ke do vibhAga haiM - dakSiNa bharata aura uttara bharata / inakA vibhAjana "vaiyaDDha parvata" (vijayArdha parvata) ke dvArA hotA hai| ina donoM ke tIna-tIna khaNDa hai28 | vastutaH hindUkuza, sulemAna Adi vaiyaDDha parvata haiM29| usake dakSiNa pUrva30 meM bRhattara bhArata ke tIna khaNDa (avibhakta hindustAna) hai tathA zeSa tIna khaNDa uttara pazcima aura uttara pUrva meM haiN| maurya samrATa samprati kA dakSiNa bhArata ke tIna khaNDo para prabhutva sthApita thA (jambUdvIpa prjnypti)| usake rAjya kI sImA vaitADhya parvata (arAkAna parvatamAlA tathA hindUkuza parvata zreNI) taka thI (AcArya hemacandra tathA vasudeva hinnddii)| sampUrNa bRhattara bhArata me jainadharma aura jaina saskRti kA vyApaka pracAra-prasAra thaa| sihala, barbara (bebIloniyA), agaloya, balakha (balAyA loya), yavanadvIpa, Arabaka (araba pradeza), romaka (roma), alasaNDa (allasanda-sikandariyA), pikarapura, kAlamukha aura yona (yUnAna) Adi prAgaitihAsika kAla me uttara bhArata ke aMtargata Ate the jinameM jaina saMskRti kI vyApaka prabhAvanA thii| isI prakAra, barmA, laMkA, malAyA, zyAma, kamboDiyA, anAma, jAvA, bAlI aura borniyo se sudUrapUrva ke deza bhI zramaNa saMskRti ke aMgabhUta the tathA bhArata se sambaddha the| kAzagara se cIna kI sImA taka, pUrvI turkistAna ke dakSiNI pradeza-zauladeza (kAzagara), cokkuka (yArakanda), khotamna (khotAna), calanda (zAnazAna) tathA uttarI pradeza-kuci (kacAra) aura agnideza (karAzahara) bhI zramaNa saskRti se prabhAvita the| inameM khotamna aura kuci zramaNa bhArata se vizeSatayA sambaddha . . the|

Page #49
vidoM me jaina dharma maurya samrATa aura jaina dharma kA vizvavyApI pracAra-prasAra mahAvIra nirvANa (527 IsA pUrva) ke 50 varSa bAda 477 IsA pUrva meM magadha meM nandavaMza kA rAjya sthApita huA aura 155 varSa paryanta 322 IsA pUrva taka rhaa| mauryavaMzI samrATa candragupta ne cANakya ke sahayoga se takSazilA (paMjAba) (pAkistAna) meM apanA rAjya sthApita kiyaa| zreNika bimbasAra, nanda aura candragupta maurya kA adhikAra pajAba-sindhu para bhI thaa| samrATa candragupta maurya ne gAMdhAra meM apanA rAjya sthApita karane ke bAda san 322 IsA pUrva meM san 298 IsA pUrva taka aphagAnistAna, gAMdhAra paMjAba se lekara magadha deza taka rAjya kiyaa| isakI gAMdhAra deza kI rAjadhAnI takSazilA thii| 24 varSa rAjya karane ke bAda isakA dehAnta ho gyaa| yUnAna ke mahApratApI samrATa sikandara ne 326 IsA pUrva meM paMjAba para car3hAI kii| rAvalapiMDI ke uttara me takSazilA (gAMdhAra-bahalI) ke rAjA ko sikandara kI adhInatA svIkAra karanI pdd'ii| sikandara ne pazcimI kandhAra ke rAjA kekaya deza ke avarNa ko rauMdate hue jaina neraza mahArAjA puru ko bhI parAsta kiyaa| kintu sikandara ke sainikoM ne. 327 IsA pUrva meM aura Age bar3hane se inkAra kara diyaa| bhArata se lauTate samaya, 323 IsA varSa pUrva taka usakA dehAnta ho gyaa| candragupta maurya ne jaina mahAmAtya cANakya kI sahAyatA se usakA rAjya chIna liyaa| magadha kA samrATa bana jAne ke bAda candragupta aura cANakya ne candragupta ke sAmrAjya kA vistAra kara use dezavyApI banAyA aura use sudRr3ha tathA saMgaThita kiyaa| ___ san 305 IsA pUrva meM madhya eziyA ke mahAna zaktizAlI samrATa yUnAnI-samrATa selyukasa niketara ne bhArata para bhArI AkramaNa kiyA jisameM selyukasa kI parAjaya huI aura usake pariNAma svarUpa sandhi huI jisake anusAra sampUrNa paMjAba. sindha, kAbula. kandhAra, balocistAna, kamboja, hirAta, kilata, lAlabelA, pAmIra, padakhazAM para bhI candragupta maurya kA

Page #50
50 videzoM meM jaina dharma adhikAra ho gyaa| isa prakAra, prAyaH sampUrNa bhArata mahAdeza evaM madhya eziyA para jaina samrATa candragupta maurya kA ekachatra rAjya sthApita ho gyaa| vastutaH candragupta maurya 322 IsA pUrva meM rAjyagaddI para baiThA aura 298 IsA pUrva meM apanI mRtyuparyanta usane 22 varSa rAjya kiyaa| usake sampUrNa sAmrAjya meM deza videzoM meM prAyaH sarvatra jaina dharma kA vyApaka pracAra thA aura jaina mandira tathA jaina stUpa vidyamAna the| sikandara ke bhArata para AkramaNa ke samaya yUnAniyoM ne gAdhAra, takSazilA Adi janapadoM ke nagaroM meM tathA unake nikaTavartI pradezoM evaM sampUrNa paMjAba aura sindha meM yaMtra tatra sarvatra hajAroM nigraMtha zramaNoM ko vihAra karate hue dekhA thA, jinakA unhoMne jimnosophisTa, jimnaTAI, jenoI Adi nAmoM se ullekha kiyA hai| ina zabdoM se Azaya digambara evaM anya prAdezika jaina muniyoM, jinakalpI, sthavirakalpI, alpavastradhArI zramaNoM se hai / sindhughATI meM kucha aise hI jaina sAdhuoM kA unhoMne oreTAI ke nAma se bhI ullekha kiyA hai| uparyukta jaina sAdhuoM me se kucha ko hilAvAI (vanavAsI) nAma bhI diyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara jaina sAdhuoM meM eka vanavAsI gaccha bhI thaa| ve prAyaH jaMgala meM rahate the| isI gaccha ke do sAdhuoM maMDana aura kalyANa vijya ne svayaM samrATa sikandara se bhI sAkSAtkAra kiyA thaa| sikandara ke Agraha para muni kalyANa vijaya bAbula bhI gaye the, jahAM unhoMne samAdhimaraNa prApta kiyA thaa| yUnAnI lekhakoM ne jaina muniyoM, RSabhadeva, cakravartI samrATa bharata Adi se sambandhita anuzrutiyoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| yUnAnI samrATa sikandara ke samaya se pahale tathA bAda meM bhI gAMdhAra, paMjAba, sindha, takSazilA Adi janapadoM meM sarvatra jaina dharmAnuyAyI vidyamAna the| candragupta dRr3ha jaina dharmI thaa| bauddha sAhitya meM use vrAtya kSatriya jAti kA yuvaka sUcita kiyA gayA hai| vrAtya zabda kA prayoga RRgveda aura atharvaveda meM jaina dharma ke zramaNoM aura ArhatoM ke lie kiyA gayA hai| yUnAnI lekhakoM ne vrAtyoM kA ullekha vereTAI ke nAma se kiyA hai| AcArya hemacandra ne bhI pariziSTa parva meM candragupta ko jaina dharmAnuyAyI hI kahA hai| usake dvArA aneka jaina mandiroM ke nirmANa tathA jaina tIrthakaroM kI pratimAoM ko sthApita kiye jAne ke ullekha milate haiN| usake samaya kI tIrthakara kI

Page #51
57 videzoM meM jaina dharma eka pratimA lagabhaga tIna sau varSa pahale gaMgAnI jaina tIrtha meM virAjamAna thI aisA ullekha milatA hai| samrATa candragupta ke triratna caitya vRkSA. dIkSA vRkSa Adi jaina sAMskRtika pratIkoM se yukta sikke bhI prApta hue haiN| candragupta maurya ne jIvana ke antima samaya meM jainAcArya bhadrabAhu se digambara jaina muni kI dIkSA grahaNa kI thI aura zravaNa velagolA (karnATaka) meM bhadrabAhu ke sAtha tapa kiyA thaa| kintu DA. phlITa tathA katipaya anya vidvAnoM ne isakI prAmANikatA meM sandeha prakaTa kiyA hai| vinsenTa e. smitha ne apanI prasiddha pustaka tasala bhpejavatala vadikapa ke dvitIya saMskaraNa meM isa viSaya kI digambara jainoM kI mAnyatA kA khaNDana kiyA hai, kintu tRtIya saMskaraNa meM vinsenTa e. smitha ne isakI satyatA ko svIkAra kara liyA hai|63 . chaThI zatAbdI IsA pUrva meM AcArya yativRSabha ne apane grantha tiloyapaNNati meM likhA hai ki mukuTadhara rAjAoM meM sabase antima rAjA candragupta ne jaina muni kI dIkSA lii| usake bAda kisI mukuTadhara rAjA ne jaina muni kI dIkSA nahIM lii|64 AcArya hariSeNa (vikramI saMvat 988) ne apane kathAkoSa nAmaka graMtha meM likhA hai ki bhadrabAhu ko jJAta ho gayA thA ki yahAM eka dvAdazavarSIya bhISaNa durbhikSa par3ane vAlA hai| isalie unhoMne samasta saMgha ko bulAkara Adeza diyA ki ve dakSiNa deza cale AeM, maiM svayaM yahIM tthhruuNgaa| taba candragupta ne virakta hokara bhadrabAhu svAmI se jina dIkSA lii| phira candragupta muni, jo dasa pUrviyoM meM prathama the, vizAkhAcArya ke nAma se jaina saMgha ke nAyaka hue| bhadrabAhu kI AjJA se ve saMgha ko dakSiNa ke punnATa deza meM le ge| isa prakAra, rAmalya, sthUlabhadra. bhadrAcArya apane-apane saMghoM sahita sindha Adi dezoM ko bheja die gae aura svayaM bhadrabAhu svAmI ujjaina ke bhAdrapada nAmaka sthAna para raha gae. jahAM unhoMne samAdhimaraNa prApta kiyaa|66 ___AcArya ratnanandI ne bhadrabAhu caritra meM svapna mAdhyama se isI bAta kA samarthana kiyA hai| isI prakAra, brahmacArI mavebhidatta racita ArAdhanA kathAkoSa meM aisI hI kathA ullikhita hai167 puNyAzrava kathAkoSa meM bhI isI se milatA-julatA vivaraNa milatA hai|68 AcArya hemacandra ne apane pariziSTa-parva meM candragupta maurya ko jaina zrAvaka to likhA hai, kintu jaina sAdhu kI dIkSA lekara dakSiNa jAne ko koI

Page #52
52 videzoM meM jaina dharma ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| * avaNavelagola misUra) se prApta aneka saMskRta aura kannar3a ke zilAlekhoM se bhI isI bAta kI puSTi hotI hai| ina zilAlekho ko prakAzita karate hue. levisa rAisa ne likhA hai ki isa sthAna para jainoM kI AbAdI zrutakevalI adabAhu dvArA huI aura usI sthAna para unakI mRtyu bhI huii| antima samaya meM samrATa azoka kA pitAmaha samrATa candragupta maurya unakI sevA karatA thaa| grIka itihAsakAroM ne candragupta kA nAma saiNDrAkoTTasa likhA hai|70 candragiri parvata para aneka zilAlekha prApta hue hai, unase inhIM bAtoM kI puSTi hotI hai| 128 ina zilAlekho meM se mukhya zilAlekha meM dvAdaza varSa ke durbhikSa tathA usake bAda ujjaina se 12000 muniyoM ke saMgha kA dakSiNa Agamana Adi saba bAteM likhI haiN| ye zilAlekha vividha samayoM ke haiN| ataH prAcInatA ke kAraNa ina kI prAmANikatA meM sandeha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kucha vidvAnoM kA yaha mata hai ki puNyAzrava kathAkoSa meM paTanA ke rAjAoM ke vRttAnta meM pahale maurya samrATa candragupta kA itihAsa likhA hai, usake anusAra, zravaNabelagolA ke sAtha jisa candragupta kA sambandha hai. vaha azoka kA pitAmaha candragupta maurya nahI, balki usakA potA samprati maurya (candragupta maurya dvitIya) hai| rAjAvalI kathA meM bhI yahI kathA likhI hai| yahAM para vicArAdhIna candragapta azoka kA pitAmaha na hokara usakA pautra hai| vahAM yaha bhI likhA hai ki candragupta apane putra siMhasena ko rAjya dekara bhadrabAhu ke sAtha jaina muni bana gayA aura dakSiNa kI ora calA gyaa|72 candragupta nAma ke kaI samrATa hue haiM tathA bhadrabAhu bhI aneka hue haiM jina para anya aneka vidvAnoM ne bhI yathA prasaMga savistAra prakAza DAlA hai| maurya samrATa azoka ke pote samrATa samprati (priya darzana) ne vastutaH samrATa azoka kI bhAMti deza-videzo me ahisA dharma (jaina dharma) kA jhaDA laharAyA thaa| yaha prasiddha hai ki maurya samrATa samprati ne apane jIvana kAla meM deza videzoM meM savA lAkha nae jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa karAyA thA; do hajAra dharmazAlAye banavAI thI, gyAraha hajAra vApikAyeM khudavAIM thIM; pakke ghATa banavAye the; savA karor3a jina pratimAoM kI paMcakalyANaka pratiSThA karAI thI tathA chattIsa hajAra jaina mandiroM ke jIrNoddhAra karAye the| usane

Page #53
53 videzoM meM jaina dharma sarvasAdhAraNa prajA ke lie sAta sau dAnazAloM sthApita kI. aura do hajAra dharmazAlAyeM bnvaaii| bhArata ke atirikta, samrATa samprati ne araba dezoM, IrAn siMhaladvIpa, ratnadvIpa, khotAna, suvarNabhUmi, phUnAna, campA, kambuja, yavadvIpa (jAvA). svarNadvIpa (sumAtrA). borniyo bAlI Adi meM jaina dharma ke pracAraka bheje the tathA maurya sAmrAjya ke vaidezika vibhAga tathA rAjadUtAvAsoM kI mArphata jaina dharma ke pracAra kA kArya vyavasthita aura saMcAlita kiyA thaa| samrATa samprati ke dharma guru jainAcArya suhasti (ujjaina) the jo 236 IsA pUrva meM svargastha hue| samprati ne apane adhIna saba rAjAoM, sAmaMtoM Adi ko Adeza diyA thA ki ve apane-apane rAjyo meM bhI jaina mandiroM meM aTThAI mahotsava kareM, suvihita jaina zramaNoM ko namana kareM tathA apane dezoM meM jaina sAdhuoM ko saba prakAra kI vihAra kI suvidhAyeM deN| unako yaha bhI Adeza thA ki ve svayaM jaina dharma svIkAra kare aura apanI prajA ko jaina dharmI bnaayeN|73 prasiddha itihAsakAra vinsenTa smitha ke anusAra,74 samrATa samprati ne araba, turkistAna Adi yavana dezoM meM bhI jaina saskRti ke kendra (sasthAna) sthApita kiye the| prophesara satyaketu vidyAlaMkAra kA kathana75 hai ki eka rAtri samrATa samprati ke mana meM yaha vicAra AyA ki anArya dezoM me bhI jaina dharma kA pracAra ho aura sAdhu-sAdhviyAM svacchanda rIti se saba dezoM meM vicaraNa karake sadA jaina dharma kA pracAra va prasAra kara sakeM, ataH usane anArya dezoM meM bhI jaina pracArakoM aura jaina sAdhuoM ko jaina dharma ke pracAra ke lie bhejaa| sAdhuoM ne rAjakIya prabhAva se zIghra hI vahAM kI janatA ko jaina dharma aura jaina AcAra-vicAroM kA anuyAyI banA liyaa| isa prakAra, anArya dezoM ko bhI Arya deza banA liyA gyaa| tIrthakara mahAvIra se lekara maurya samrATa samprati ke samaya taka bhArata meM sADhe paccIsa Arya deza the jahAM para jaina dharma kA sarvAdhika prabhAva thaa| parantu Arya dezoM kI sImAyeM samaya-samaya para badalatI rahatI hai| sindhu-sauvIra, gAdhAra aura kaikaya Adi prAcIna kAla meM Arya deza the jo pAkistAna bana jAne para anArya deza bana ge| prophesara jayacandra vidyAlaMkAra kA kathana hai ki maurya samrATa samprati ke samaya meM uttara-pazcima ke anArya dezoM meM bhI jaina dharma ke pracAraka bheje

Page #54
54 videzoM meM jaina dharma gae aura vahAM jaina zramaNoM ke lie aneka vihAra, upAzraya Adi sthApita kie ge| azoka aura samprati donoM ke kAryoM se bhAratIya saMskRti vizva saMskRti bana gaI aura AryAvarta kI sImAoM ke bAhara sarvatra pahuMca gaI / isane asUryapazyA rAjarAniyoM, rAjakumAriyoM, rAjakumAroM aura sAmantoM ko bhI jaina zramaNa zramaNiyoM ke veza meM dUra-dUra ke dezoM meM vihAra karAkara cIna, brahmA, sIlona (zrIlaMkA). aphagAnistAna kAbula bilocistAna, nepAla. bhUTAna, turkIstAna Adi meM bhI jaina dharma kA pracAra kraayaa| apane deza bhArata meM to samrATa samprati kA akhaNDa sAMmrAjya thA hii| aneka vidvAnoM kA yaha bhI mata hai ki azoka ke nAma se pracalita zilAlekhoM meM se aneka zilAlekha samrATa samprati dvArA utkIrNa karAye gaye the| azoka ko apane pautra samprati se ananya sneha thA / ataH jina abhilekhoM meM "devAnAM priyarasa piyadaMssina lAjA" (devatAoM ke priya priyadarzina rAjA) dvArA unake aMkita karAye jAne kA abhilekha hai. ve samrATa azoka ke na hokara samrATa samprati ke hone cAhie, kyoMki "devAnAMpriya" to azoka kI svayaM kI upAdhi thii| ataeva samprati ne apane lie "devAnAM priyasya priyadarzina rAjA" upAdhi kA prayoga kiyA hai| vizeSakara jo abhilekha jIva-hiMsA niSedha aura dharmotsavoM se sambandhita hai. unakA sambandha to maurya samrATa samprati se hI hai| maurya samrATa samprati dvArA dharma rAjya ke sarvocca AdarzoM ke anurUpa rAjya sthApita karane ke prayatnoM ke lie, rAjarSi samrATa samprati kI tulanA, gaurava ke ucca zikhara para AsIna ijarAila ke samrATa dAuda aura sulemAna ke sAtha kI jA sakatI hai aura dharma ko kSudra sthAnIya sampradAya kI sthiti se uThAkara vizva dharma banAne ke prayAsa ke lie IsAI samrATa kAnsTenTAina ke sAtha kI jAtI hai| apane dArzanika eva pavitra vicAroM ke lie jaina samrATa samprati maurya kI tulanA romana samrATa mArzala ke sAtha kI jAtI hai| samprati kI apanI sIdhIsarala punaruktipUrNa vijJaptiyoM meM krAmavela kI zailI dhvanita hotI hai. evaM anya aneka bAtoM meM samprati khalIphA amara aura mugala samrATa akabara mahAna kI yAda dilAtA hai| vizva ke sarvakAlIna mahAna samrAToM ko koTi meM samrATa azoka aura samrATa samprati bhAratIya itihAsa ke gaurava rUpa aura rhege| jaina dharma ke sAtha ina donoM kA hI

Page #55
videzoM meM jaina dharma nikaTa aura ghaniSTa sambandha rahA hai| takSazilA Adi ke jaina stUpoM se purAtattvavettAoM kI anabhijJatA ke kAraNa unheM bauddha stUpa mAnakara jaina itihAsa ke sAtha khilavAr3a kiyA gayA hai / huena sAMga Adi cInI bauddha yAtriyoM ne yA to ajJAnatA vaMza yA dRSTirAga se jahA~ bhI koI stUpa dekhA use jaina stUpa hote hue bhI, nirIkSaNa kie binA kSaTa se azoka stUpa likha diyA gyaa| 55 samrATa samprati ne takSazilA meM apane pitA kuNAla ke lie eka jaina mandira kA nirmANa bhI karAyA thA jo Aja kuNAla stUpa ke nAma se prasiddha hai| isI para se takSazilA kA nAma kuNAladeza ke nAma se prasiddha huA thA / kuNAla takSazilA meM nivAsa karatA thA, isalie usakI dharmopAsanA ke lie samrATa samprati ne isa mandira kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| kuNAla ke sthAna para purANoM meM "suyaza" nAma milatA hai| bauddhoM ke divyAvadAna, jainoM ke pariziSTa parva, vicAra zreNI tathA tIrthakalpa se ina tathyoM kI puSTi hotI hai| vAyupurANa tathA matsya purANa se bhI ina bAtoM kI puSTi hotI hai| 77 itihAsajJoM kA mata hai ki samrATa samprati kA rAjya bhArata, yona, kamboja, gAMdhAra, aphagAnistAna, vAhlIka, turkIstAna, IrAna, laMkA, balakha bukhArA, kAzagara, IrAka, nepAla tibbata, bhUTAna, araba, aphrIkA, grIsa. ethensa, sAirIna, korItha, bebIliyana, grIsa kI sarahada tathA eziyA mAinara taka thaa| apane rAjya ke saba dezoM meM usane apane samaya meM aneka jaina mandira banavAye the / tIrthakalpa meM bhI likhA hai ki paramArhata samprati ne anArya dezoM meM jaina vihAra (jaina mandira), dAnazAlAyeM, bAvar3iyAM Adi lAkhoM kI saMkhyA meM banavAye the 78 / kaI vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki maurya samrATa samprati kI rokathAma ke lie hI cIna kI vizva prasiddha dIvAra (vizva kI Azcarya) banAI gaI thI jo Aja bhI vidyamAna hai| * gAMdhAra se lekara sindhu sauvIra taka tathA kurukSetra taka sAre paMjAba janapada meM ati prAcIna kAla se jaina dharma kA vyApaka prasAra calA A rahA thA / samrATa samprati ke samaya meM Arya suhasti, unake ziSya Arya susthita, tathA lAkhoM kI saMkhyA meM jaina sAdhu-sAdhviyAM aura zrAvaka-zrAvikAyeM paMjAba (pAkistAna) ke janapada meM sarvatra maMgala vihAra aura vicaraNa karate the / vastutaH samrATa saMmprati ne vizAla senA. susajjita karake eka-eka

Page #56
56 videzoM meM jaina dharma karake saurASTra. Andhra, dramila (tamila) palidasa; anUpa. mahiSmaMDala Adi dezoM para vijaya prApta kii| tatpazcAt gaur3a, videha, baMga, kAmarUpa, prAgjyotiSa, puNDa. kAzI, kozala, kosAMbI, aMga. cedi, pulIndra. aTavI Adi dezoM para vijaya prApta kii| taduparAnta samprati ne uttara meM hastinApura, matsya, sUrasena (zarasena), kuru, pAMcAla, madra, brahmavarta, kazmIra, tibbata, khotAna, nepAla-bhUTAna Adi dezoM para vijaya patAkA phhraaii| tadanantara, samrATa samprati ne uttara pazcima meM vAlhIka, yona. kaMboja, gAMdhAra paThANa (aphagAnistAna), zaka-phArasa, arabastAna, eziyAI turkistAna, sIriyA, grIsa, uttara evaM pUrva aphrIkA ijipTa, ebIsIniyAM Adi para AkramaNa karake tAzakanda, samarakanda, sindhu-sauvIra para vijaya prApta kii| tatpazcAt samprati ne utkala kaliMga, cola, pANDya, satyaputra. keralaputra. tAmraparNI Adi dezoM ko phataha kiyaa| pratyeka dizA meM vijayoparAnta usane pATalIputra meM Akara apane ko punaH susajja kiyA aura Age vijayArtha punaH prayANa kiyaa| usakI senA meM pacAsa hajAra hAthI dala, nau lAkha ratha-dala. eka karoDa azvArohI tathA sAta karoDa paidala sainika the| isase pUrva bhI zAntikAla meM, megasthanIja ke pravAsa ke samaya bhI usakI suvizAla sainya zakti thii| usakI senA meM cAra lAkha naukAdala bhI the| priyadarzI samrATa samprati maurya para jaina AcArya mahAgiri (282 IsA pUrva) kA varada hasta rahA tathA samprati ne jIvana bhara jaina sAdhuoM kI arcanA kI evaM devamUrtiyoM (jaina mUrtiyoM) kI sthApanA kraaii| usane vizvavyApI jaina dharmAbhiyAnoM kA Ayojana kiyA eva unameM apUrva saphalatA prApta kii| usake vibhinna zilAlekhoM se usakI dharma vijayoM para pUrA prakAza paDatA hai| samrATa samprati vizva vijaya karanA cAhatA hai tathA cIna para bhI AkramaNa kara sakatA hai, isa AzaMkA se cIna ke zahaMzAha zI hyAMga ne samrATa samprati ke AkramaNoM se apane bacAva ke lie upayukta bhavya dIvAla banavAI thI jo Aja bhI vidyamAna hai aura vizva ke mahAAzcayoM meM ginI jAtI hai| magadha. avaMtI. gAMdhAra. saurASTra, kazmIra, nepAla, kosAMbI, tibbata, suvarNagirI. tosalI Adi meM samprati ne rAjavaMzI sUbAoM kI sthApanA kii| usakI putrI cArumatI kA devapAla ke sAtha nepAla meM vivAha huA thaa|

Page #57
videzoM meM jaina dharma 57 samprati ne kazmIra meM zrInagara basAyA aura vahAM 500 caityoM, stUpoM, smArakoM Adi kA nirmANa kraayaa| samprati ne suvarNabhUmi, cIna, hindacIna, kamboDiyA, himavanta vanavAsa. aparAntaka, yUnAna Adi tathA mesIDoniyAM, sIrina, epIrasa, laMkA Adi dezoM meM dharma vijaya prApta kI aura sarvatra jaina zramaNoM ke lie vihAra banavAye / videzeM ke sAtha samprati ke acche rAjanayika sambandhaM the| sIriyA, grIsa, mesIDoniyA Adi ke sAtha usake mitratA ke sambandha the | 79 891 prAgaitihAsika kAla meM bharatavarSa kA kSetraphala avibhakta hindustAna se lagabhaga dugunA thA / pRthaka-pRthaka rAjyoM ke hone para bhI kSetrIya akhaNDatA abAdhita thI / itihAsa kAla meM bhArata kI pUrvottara tathA pazcimottara sImAoM ke pAra zramaNa sabhyatA, saMskRti aura sattA ke pracura sAkSya milate haiN| samrATa samprati ne vijayArdha (vaitADhya) parvata taka trikhaNDa-bharatavarSa ko jinAyatanoM se maMDita kara diyA jaisA ki AcArya hemacandra ne apane pariziSTa parva meM likhA hai: J "AvaitADhyaM pratApAdyaM sa cakArAkikArathIH / trikhaNDaM bharatakSetraM jinAyatanamaNDitam / / -- - hemacandrAcArya kRta pariziSTa parva - 11/65 maurya samrATa candragupta maurya ke dIkSA guru zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ne apane ziSya candragupta aura vizAla jaina sAdhu saMgha ke sAtha 298 IsA pUrva meM samrATa candragupta ke zAsana kAla meM dakSiNa bhArata kI yAtrA kI thI jisase jaina dharma kI bhI vyApaka prabhAvanA huI thI / 31. samrATa samprati ne videzoM meM sarvatra jaina saMskRti kA sandeza phuNcaayaa| aphagAnistAna se saMlagna araba kSetra ko jaina AgamoM meM pArasya ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| samrATa samprati ne jaina zramaNoM ke vihAra kI vyavasthA araba va IrAna meM bhI kI thii| vahAM usane ahiMsA dharma kA vyApaka pracAra-prasAra kiyA tathA IrAna aura araba nivAsiyoM ne bar3I saMkhyA meM jaina dharma svIkAra kiyA thaa| bAda meM araba para IrAna ke AkramaNa karane para jaina dharma meM dIkSita loga dakSiNa bhArata meM cale Aye aura inakI saMjJA "solaka

Page #58
videzoM me jaina dharma .58 arabI jaina" huii| jaina saMskRti ne isa prakAra IrAna (pArasya) kI saMskRti para bhI vyApaka prabhAva ddaalaa| jaba antima tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sarvajJa sarvadarzI hone kI khabara IrAna meM phailI to unake pAvana darzana ke lie hajAroM IrAnI bhArata Aye the| unameM magadha samrATa bimbasAra ke putra sajakumAra abhaya ke mitra IrAna ke rAjakumAra Ardazaka bhI the| ve bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadeza se prabhAvita hokara jaina muni ho gaye the aura IrAna meM jaina dharma va saMskRti kA vyApaka pracAra-prasAra karate rhe| kAlAntara meM samrATa azoka aura samrATa samprati ne apane dharma rajjukoM, bhikSuoM aura muniyoM ko dharma pracArArtha IrAna bhejaa| araba aura IrAna meM aura bhI jaina santa pracArArtha jAte rhe| itihAkAra jI. epha. mUra ke anusAra. "hajarata IsA ke janma kI zatAbdI ke pUrva IrAka, zyAma aura philistIna meM jaina zramaNa aura bauddha bhikSu saikar3oM kI saMkhyA meM phaile hue the| " san 80 I. meM sopAraka se eka bhAratIya rAjadUta yUnAna gae the unake sAtha jainAcArya bhI gae the aura unhoMne yUnAna meM jaina saMskRti kA mahattvapUrNa pracAra kiyA aura anta meM ethensa nagara meM samAdhimaraNa prApta kiyA / ati prAcIna kAla meM belIlona, kepADosiyA, IrAka aura turkistAna Adi dezoM kA bhArata se ghaniSTha sAMskRtika aura vyApArika sambandha thA / ina sabhI sthaloM para jaina sAdhu aura zrAvaka lAkhoM kI saMkhyA meM nivAsa karate the tathA vahAM sarvatra hajArAM jaina mandira vidyamAna the| adhyAya 21 kaliMgAdhipati cakravartI samrAT mahAmeghavAhana khAravela aura jaina dharma kA deza-videzoM meM vyApaka pracAra khaNDagiri (ur3IsA) meM eka prAcIna zilAlekha hai jisameM tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kI eka mUrti kA ullekha hai| Aja se lagabhaga 2500 varSa pUrva usa mUrti

Page #59
59 videzoM meM jaina dharma ko magadha ke naMdavaMzI samrATa naMdavardhana kaliMga se paTanA le gae aura IsA pUrva dUsarI zatAbdI meM kaliMga samrATa khAkhela usa mUrti ko paTanA se vApisa kaliMga le aaye| yaha mUrti saMbhavataH bhagavAna mahAvIra, balki bhagavAna pArzvanAtha se bhI pahale banI honI caahie| yaha tIrthaMkara RSabha ke astitva kA spaSTa pramANa hai jo ki AyoM ke vedoM, zAstroM aura anya pralekhoM se bhI pramANita hai| mohana jodar3o Adi sindhughATI sabhyatA kendroM se jo purAtatva upalabdha huA hai vaha to vedoM se bhI prAcIna hai| usameM aisI yogiyoM kI mUrtiyAM milI haiM jinake netra ardhonmIlita haiM aura dRSTi nAsAgra para sthira dRSTigocara hotI hai| isase spaSTa hai ki taba yoga kA pracAra thA aura loga yogiyoM kI mUrtiyAM banAkara pUjate the| ye mUrtiyAM hameM prathama tIrthakara kI isa mUrti se hajAroM varSa pahale le jAtI hai jise pAMcavI zatAbdI IsA pUrva meM nandavardhana kaliMga le gayA thaa| ye mUrtiyAM jaina hI ho sakatI haiM kyoMki ve vaidika mAnyatA se bAhara paDatI haiN| isa saba sAkSya se mejara janarala je.jI.Ara. pharalaoNga ke nimnalikhita mata kI puSTi hotI hai jise unhone varSoM pahale vyakta kiyA thaa| unhoMne likhA thA ki IsA pUrva 1500 se 800 varSoM taka athavA ajJAta kAla se samagra pazcimI aura uttara bhArata para tAtArI draviDa logoM kA zAsanAdhikAra thaa| ve loga. vRkSa, sarpa aura liga kI pUjA karate the| kintu usI prAcInakAla meM samagra uttarI bhArata meM eka ati prAcIna aura susaMgaThita dharma, tatvajJAna, cAritra aura sanyAsa pradhAna mata arthAt jaina dharma pracalita thaa| usameM se hI taduparAnta brAhmaNa aura bauddha logoM ne sanyAsa kI bAteM grahaNa kii| Arya loga gagA athavA sarasvatI taka pahuMce bhI na the ki usake bahuta pahale hI jainoM ko 22 tIrthaMkaroM ne zikSita aura dIkSita kiyA thA jo ki IsA pUrva 9vIM-8vIM zatAbdI ke 23veM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha se bahuta pahale ho cuke the| pArzvanAtha apane ina pUrvajoM ko jAnate the aura unake grantha bhI arthAt "pUrva' taba se ziSya parampasa se barAbara cale A rahe the| vAnaprastha mukhyataH jaina saMsthA hI thI jisakA joradAra pracAra sabhI tIrthaMkaroM, khAMsa taura se mahAvIra ne kiyA thaa|56 khAravela kA pitA buddhiraNa tathA pitAmaha kSetrarAja ur3IsA ke cedivaMza

Page #60
60 videzoM meM jaina dharma ke the aura saba jaina dharma ke anuyAyI the| khAravela kA janma 197 IsA pUrva meM huA thaa| khAravela san 173 IsA pUrva meM 24 varSa kI Ayu meM rAjyagaddI para baiThA / cedi vaMza kA ullekha vedoM meM bhI AtA hai| magadha deza ke rAjA nandavardhana (prathama) ne 457 IsA pUrva meM ur3IsA para 'AkramaNa karake vahAM se anya dhana-dhAnya ke sAtha Adijina (RSabhadeva) kI pratimA ko bhI uThAkara le gayA, jise nandavardhana ne apanI rAjadhAnI pATalIputra (paTanA) meM jaina mandira kA nirmANa karAkara usameM sthApita kiyaa| vaha mUrti kaliMgajina ke nAma se prasiddha huii| magadha kA sampUrNa nandavaMza jaina dharma kA anuyAyI thA tathA samasta uttara bhArata aura pUrva bhArata meM jaina saMskRti vyApta thii| yaha ghaTanA mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke 70 varSa bAda kI hai| zadAbdiyoM bAda khAravela ne apane pUrvajo kI parAjaya kA badalA lene ke lie apane pUrvajoM ke iSTadeva Adijina kI vaha mUrti vApisa lAkara punaH apane yahAM sthApita karane ke lie IsA pUrva 165 meM magadha para AkramaNa karake vijaya prApta kI aura bahuta dhana-mAla ke sAtha kaliMgajina kI pratimA ko vahAM se lAkara eka vizAla mandira meM virAjamAna kiyaa| khAravela svayaM RSabhadeva kI isa pratimA kA pUjana karake Atma-kalyANa kI sAdhanA karatA thaa| yaha mandira rAjamandira ke nAma se prasiddha thA / apane rAjya ke terahaveM varSa meM khAravela ne kumArI parvata para jaina dharma kA vijayacakra pravRtta kiyA aura vahAM jaina guphA kA nirmANa kraayaa| khAravela ne cAroM dizAoM meM dUra-dUra taka apane rAjya kA vistAra kiyaa| apane rAjya ke bArahaveM varSa meM usane uttarApatha uttaradizA meM sthita kazmIra, takSazilA, gAdhAra Adi janapadoM para AkramaNa karake una para vijaya pAI | 119 mahAmeghavAhana ne kazmIra, takSazilA tathA gAMdhAra para bhI zAsana kiyaa| usane sAre bhArata meM tathA samudrapAra ke dvIpoM aura dezoM meM bhI apanA rAjya sthApita kara cakravartI pada prApta kiyA thA aura sarvatra jaina dharma kI prabhAvanA kI thii| usane kazmIra aura gAMdhAra meM bhI aneka jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| usakI mRtyu IsA pUrva 148 meM huii| usake bAda usake putra zreSThasena ne san 61 IsA pUrva taka tIsa varSa rAjya kiyaa| khAravela meghavAhana se lekara usake prapotra pravarasena taka cedivaMza ne cAra

Page #61
videzoM meM jaina dharma 61 pIr3hiyoM taka lagAtAra kazmIra, takSazilA aura gAMdhAra para rAjya kiyA / .. prAgvaidika kAla meM pAMcaveM tIrthaMkara zrI sumatinAtha se bhI pahale kazmIra meM jaina dharma vidyamAna thA 20 | isI kAla meM seTha bhAvar3a nAmaka jaina zrAvaka ne 19 lAkha svarNa mudrAyeM kharca karake kazmIraka deza meM zrI RSabhadeva, zrI puNDarIka gaNadhara aura cakrezvarI devI kI tIna pratimAyeM jaina mandira kA nirmANa karAkara pratiSThita kraaii| vahA se usane zatruMjaya tIrtha para jAkara vahAM lepyamaya pratimAoM ko badalakara mammANI (ratna vizeSa) kI jina pratimAyeM sthApita kiiN| adhyAya 22 mahArAjA kumArapAla solaMkI aura jaina dharma vikrama kI bArahavIM teharavI zatAbdI meM huA kumArapAla solaMkI jainadharmI nareza thA, jo jaina kalikAla sarvajJa hemacandra sUri kA ziSya thA / isakI rAjadhAnI gujarAta meM pATaNa thii| isakA rAjya vistAra 18 dezoM aura videzoM meM thA gurjara, lATa, saurASTra, sindhu-sauvIra, marudhara mAlavA. medapATa, sapAdatakSa, jammerI, takSazilA, gAMdhAra, puNDra Adi deza (uccanagara), kazmIra, trigarta pradeza (kAgaDA-jAladhara Adi), kAzI, AbhIra, mahArASTra. kokaNa, karaNATa deza / usakA rAjya paMjAba ke bAhara turkistAna taka bhI vistRta thaa| usakI rAjya sImA turkistAnaH kuru, laMkA aura magadha taka thI 1122 usake rAjya meM jaina dharma kI mahatI prabhAvanA thii| sAre rAjya meM ahiMsA kA sAmrAjya thA tathA usane pazubali, yajJa tathA narabali Adi banda karA die the| usane rAjyAjJA nikalavAI thI ki jo parastrI lampaTa hogA aura jIva hiMsA karegA, use kaThora daNDa diyA jaayegaa| kumArapAla solaMkI ne saMghapati banakara caturvidha saMSa ke sAtha giranAra Adi aneka tIrthoM kI yAtrAyeM kiiN| usane sAre rAjya meM 1440 nae jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa karAyA aura una para svarNa kalaza cddh'vaaye| usane 1600 purAne jaina mandiroM kA jIrNoddhAra kraayaa| usane apanI rAjadhAnI

Page #62
62 videzoM meM jaina dharma pATapA meM aneka jaina mandira banavAye jinameM sarvopari tribhuvanapAla bihAra thaa| AcArya hemacandra aura unake ziSya maMDala ne kumArapAla ke sahayoga se prabhUta sAhitya kI racanA kii| usane 21 jaina zAstra-bhaMDAroM kI sthApanA kii| usake brAhmaNa vidvAnoM aura kaviyazoM ne kumArapAla kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI hai| kisI ne samrATa azoka maurya se usakI tulanA kI to kisI ne use zreNika bimbasAra, samrATa samprati maurya, mahAmeghavAhana khAravela, kazmIra samrAT satya pratijJa azoka mahAna jaise mahAnaM jaise sampraToM ke samakakSa sthAna diyA hai| jaina dharma kI mahimA ke prasAra ke lie usane kumAra vihAra mandira Adi me aSTAnikA mahotsava Adi baDe utsAha se mnaaye| kumArapAla kI AjJA se usake adhInastha 18 deza-videzoM ke mANDalika rAjAoM ne aura sAmanta rAjAoM ne apane-apane rAjyoM meM kumAra vihAra nAmake jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa karAyA ! apane adhInastha rAjyoM meM usane jIvahisA banda kraaii| uttara meM kazmIraka pradeza janapada se use bheMTa AtI thI tathA magadha, saurASTra, sindhu paMjAba Adi usake adhIna the| AcArya hemacandra ne mahAvIra caritra meM likhA hai ki rAjA kumArapAla kI AzA kA pAlana uttara meM turkistAna aura pazcima meM samudra- paryanta dezo taka hotA hai| usane apane rAjya ke sabhI janapadoM meM jaina dharma kA vyApaka pracAra aura prasAra karAyA / 123 adhyAya 23 mAMDavagar3ha ke mahAmaMtrI pethar3azAha (sukRta kAlI 1318-1338 vikrama) aura jaina dharma isane bhArata aura videzoM ke 94 nagaroM meM jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa karAyA; bhArata aura videzoM ke vibhinna janapadoM meM usane jaina tIrtha yAtrA ke saMgha nikAle / itihAsakAra likhate haiM ki pethar3azAha jahAM-jahAM yAtrA karane gayA, vahAM-vahAM vaha jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa karAtA gyaa| una mandiroM meM se pAkistAna ke pArakara (sindhu janapada ) depAlapura (sindha) trigarta.

Page #63
63 videzoM meM jaina dharma vIrapura (sindha), uccanagara, pAzunagara (pezAvara), joginIpura (dillI) Adi hai| usane paMjAba meM aneka nagaroM meM bhI jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa karAyA aura vahAM sarvatra jaina dharma kA pracAra kiyaa| 124 kavi kalhaNa ne apanI rAja taraMgiNI meM isakA vistAra se ullekha kiyA hai| cInI yAtrI hvenasAMga ne bhI kazmIra aura usake parivartI kSetroM kI jaina dhArmika sthiti para prakAza DAlA hai aura likhA hai ki loga apane-apane iSTadevoM ke mandiroM aura smArako meM upAsanA karate the / adhyAya 24 ebIsIniyA aura ithopiyA meM jaina dharma grIka itihAsakAra heroDeTasa ne ebIsIniyA aura ithopiyA me jaina dharmAnuyAyI jimnosephisToM ke astitva kA ullekha kiyA hai| suprasiddha bhAratIya itihAsakAra paM. sundaralAla ne apanI suprasiddha pustaka "IsA aura IsAI dharma" meM likhA hai ki usa jamAne ke itihAsa se patA calatA hai ki pazcimI eziyA, yUnAna, mizra aura ithopiyA ke pahAr3oM aura jaMgalo meM una dinoM hajAro jaina santa mahAtmA jagaha-jagaha base hue the| prasiddha jarmana vidvAn vAna kremara ke anusAra, madhya pUrva eziyA meM pracalita "samAniyA" sampradAya zramaNa jaina sampradAya thA / prasiddha vidvAna jI.epha. mUra ne likhA hai ki IsA kI janmazatI ke pUrva madhya eziyA, IrAka, zyAma aura philistIna, turkistAna Adi meM jaina muni hajAroM ki saMkhyA meM phailakara ahiMsA-dharma kA pracAra karate rhe| pazcimI eziyA, mizra yUnAna aura ithopiyA ke jaMgaloM meM aura pahAr3oM para una dinoM agaNita jaina sAdhu rahate the jo apane tyAga aura apanI vidvattA ke lie prasiddha the| mejara janarala je.jI. Ara. pharalaoNga ne apanI khoja se siddha kiyA hai ki AksiyAnA, samarakanda, kaispiyA aura balkha nagaroM meM jaina dharma kA vyApaka pracAra-prasAra thaa| yahUdI loga bhI jaina saMskRti se atyanta prabhAvita the tathA unameM aise logoM kA eka vyApaka esminI sampradAya bana gayA thaa|.

Page #64
64 sadhyA 25 videzoM meM jaina dharma rAkSastAna meM jaina dharma mizra ke dakSiNa ke bhUbhAga ko prAcIna yUnAnI loga rAkSastAna kahate the| ina rAkSasoM ko jaina purANoM meM vidhAdhara arthAt vaijJAnika kahA gayA hai| ve zramaNa (jaina) dharma ke anuyAyI the| isa samaya yaha bhUgAga sUDAna, ebIsiniyA aura ithopiyA kahalAtA hai| yaha sArA kSetra zramaNa saMskRti kA kSetra thA / mUDabidrI Adi dakSiNabhArata ke jaina tIrthoM ke jaina vyApArI eziyA aura aphrIkA ke vibhinna dezoM se vyApAra karate the tathA vahA se AbhUSaNa, motI Adi maMgavAte the| aphrIkA meM sthAna-sthAna para unakI vyApArika koThiyA aura jaina mandira vidyamAna the| ye loga vahA bilkula sAdhuo kI taraha rahate the aura vahAM apane tyAga aura tapasyA ke lie prasiddha the| adhyAya 26 mizra (ijipTa) aura jaina dharma briTiza skUla oNpha ijipziyana ArkiyolaoNjI ke sara philaMDarsa paiTrI ne mizra kI prAcIna rAjadhAnI maikphisa me kucha bhAratIya zailI kI mUrtiyoM kI khoja se yaha siddha kiyA ki prAcIna mizra meM lagabhaga 590 IsA pUrva meM eka bhAratIya bastI vidyamAna thii| inameM se eka mUrti to spaSTayA jaina Asana meM gambhIra dhyAna-mudrA me padmAsana meM baiThe eka bhAratIya yogI kI hai| Arya musAphira lekharAma ne apanI prasiddha pustaka "kulayAte Arya musAphira" me isa bAta kI puSTi kI hai ki unhoMne mizra kI viziSTa pahADI para aisI mUrtiyAM dekhI haiM jo jaina tIrtha giranAra kI mUrtiyoM se milatI-julatI hai| mizriyoM ke dhArmika Agraha aura siddhAMta jainoM se milate-julate the| ve vizuddha zAkAhArI aura ahiMsAvAdI the| ve apane devatA horasa kI digambara

Page #65
videzoM meM jaina dharma mUrtiyAM banAte the / uttarI aphrIkA meM aura bhUmadhya sAgara ke sAtha-sAtha lAkhoM zramaNa nivAsa karate the| Aja bhI aphrIkA ke vibhinna dezoM meM hajAro jaina nivAsa karate haiN| 65 prAcIna sabhyatAo me mizra kI sabhyatA atyanta prAcIna hai jisakI paramparA bhArata kI hI bhAMti sAta hajAra varSoM se bhI adhika samaya se akSuNNa calI A rahI hai| bebIloniyA meM jaina dharma kA pracAra bauddha dharma kA pracAra hone se pUrva hI ho cukA thA / isakI sUcanA bauddha grantha bAberU jAtaka se milatI hai| isI kI samakAlIna sabhyatAeM sumera, asura aura bAbula kI hai to bhArata gae jaina paNi vyApAriyoM kI samRddhi ke sAtha-sAtha panapI aura vikasita huI / madhya eziyA kI saMskRtiyoM meM sabase prAcIna samajhI jAne vAlI sumera aura bAbula kI saMskRti ke janaka tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke vaMzaja aura anuyAyI rahe haiN| sumerI saskRti ke aneka cihna jaina saMskRti se milate-julate haiN| bebIloniyA kA samrATa nebucadanejara jaina saMskRti se AkRSTa hokara jaina tIrtha yAtrA ke lie bhArata AyA thA aura usane jaina tIrtha raivata giranAra kI yAtrA karake vahAM tIrthakara neminAtha kA eka mandira banavAyA thaa| saurASTra me isI samrATa nebucadanejara kA eka tAmrapatra prApta huA hai| ina sabhI sabhyatAo me purohita paramparA kA pUrNa vikAsa huA hai| ye zramaNa purohita prAya pUre samAja ke hI sacAlaka bana gae the aura unhoMne bhArata kI jaina paNi jAti ke vizvavyApI vyApAra sAmrAjya ke antargata, sAmrAjyoM ke nirmANa vinAza taka kI sAmarthya prApta kara lI thii| ye adhikAza bhramaNa purohita loka hitaiSI evaM tyAgI pravRtti ke the| nissandeha turkI se aphagAnistAna taka kI marubhUmi aura nirjana sthaliyoM meM usa samaya bhI sthAna-sthAna para gRhatyAgI zramaNa vihAra karate the| ye zramaNa saMskRti se prabhAvita eva usake agabhUta yahUdI samAja kI bhAMti samAja ke kalyANa ke lie sarvasva tyAga kara nispRha vicaraNa karate the| mUsA se IsA taka yahI paramparA clii| ye yahUdI aura zramaNa nirjanavAsa karate, atyanta alpa aura moTe vastra pahanate aura parivrAjaka hokara kaThora tapa karate the| svayaM mUsA ne cAlIsa dina taka sinAI parvata para bhUkhe-pyAse rahakara ghora tapa kiyA thaa| IsA ke janma se cAra sau varSa se bhI adhika pUrva aise zramaNa sanyAsiyo ke Azrama aura saMgha uttarI aphrIkA ke bhUmadhya sAgara taTa para.

Page #66
66 videzoM meM jaina dharma lebanAna, sIriyA, ithopiyA Adi meM vidhivat vidyamAna the tathA vahAM sarvatra digambara zramaNa sAdhu vihAra karate the| itihAsa se patA calatA hai ki 998 IsavIM ke lagabhaga bhArata se bIsa jaina sAdhu pazcima eziyA ke dezoM meM sasaMgha dharma pracArArtha gae aura unhoMne vahA jaina saMskRti kA acchA pracAra kiyaa| jaina zramaNa saMgha 1024 I. meM punaH zAnti, ahiMsA aura samatAvAda kA amara saMdeza lekara videza gayA aura lauTate hue araba ke tatvajJAnI kavi yabula alA almaArI se usakI bheTa huii| kavi ne bAda meM bagadAda sthita jaina dArzanikoM se jaina zikSA grahaNa kii| madhyakAla meM bhI jaina dArzanikoM ke aneka saMgha bagadAda aura madhya eziyA gae the aura vahA ahiMsA dharma kA pracAra kiyA thA jisakA prabhAva islAma dharma ke "kalandara tabake" para vizeSa rUpa se dIrghakAla taka banA rahA thaa| navIM dasavIM zatI meM abbAsI khalIphAoM ke darabAra me bhAratIya paNDito ke sAtha-sAtha jaina sAdhuoM ko sAdara nimantraNa diyA jAtA thA aura jJAna carcA kI jAtI thI / adhyAya 27 sumeriyA, asIriyA, bebIloniyA Adi deza aura jaina dharma terahaveM tIrthakara vimala nAtha athavA vimala vAhana ko vaidika hindU paramparAnusAra varAhAvatAra ghoSita kiyA gayA thA, kyoMki unhone luptaprAya dharma tIrtha kI punaH sthApanA karake pRthvI kA uddhAra kiyA thaa| isI kAraNa unakI prakhyAti bhArata ke bAhara una dezoM meM bhI huI, jahAM bhAratIya mUla ke pravAsI base hue the| prAcIna kAla se hI bhAratIya mizra, madhya eziyA, yUnAna Adi dezoM se vyApAra karate the tathA apane vyApAra ke prasaga meM ve una dezoM me jAkara basa gaye the| su-rASTra athavA saurASTra ke "su" jAtIya logoM ke viSaya meM jarmana vidvAna je. epha. haivInTa ne yaha pramANita kiyA hai ki ve loga saurASTra se jAkara tigarisa aura yUphreTsa nadiyoM ke madhyavartI pradeza meM jAkara base the| unake su-nAma ke kAraNa hI usa pradeza kA nAma sumeriyA (Summeria) par3A thaa| ve sabhI jaina dharma ke anuyAyI the tathA meru ke

Page #67
videzoM meM jaina dharma 67 akRtrima jinAlayoM ananya bhakta the 154 pro. hevInTa ne una logoM ko bhArata se AyA huA batAyA hai| unake bIsa hajAra varSa purAne nagarAdi avazeSoM ke nAma prAkRta bhASA ke anurUpa haiM, jaise "ura" "pura" kA dyotaka hai "erodu" "airadraha" kA apabhraMza hai| unake anusAra janma maraNa ke cakra se mukta huA prANI mahAn bana kara paramAtmA bana sakatA hai| jaina dharma kI bhI yahI zikSA hai| -akkar3a Adi ke mela-milApa se bane rAjya bAbula : ThaMilasavadapaddha ke samrAT nebucaDanejara (jo saMbhavataH "namacandrezvara" kA apabhraMza rUpa hai) kA eka tAmrapaTa lekha kAThiyAvADa se milA hai, jise pro prANanAtha ne par3hA he / ata. nissandeha rUpa se spaSTa hai ki sumera loga bhUlataH bhArata ke nivAsI the aura jinendra ke bhakta the| usa lekha meM unako revA nagara ke rAjya kA svAmI likhA hai tathA giranAra ke jinendra neminAtha kI vadanA karane ke lie AyA likhA hai| "jaina" (gujarAtI sAptAhika bhAvanagara) 2 janavarI, 1937 (462) 55 nebucaDanejara ke pUrvaja revAnagara ke hI nivAsI the| sumeruvaMza ke rAjAoM kA Adarza bhAratIya rAjAoM kI bhAMti ahiMsA para thaa| unake eka bar3e rAjA hammurAvI ne isI Azaya kA eka zilAlekha khudavAyA thA jisameM RSabhadeva ko sUrya ke rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA gayA hai / sumeru ke logoM kA mukhya devatA "sina" (candradeva ) mUla meM "jUina kahalAtA thA jisakA sumerI bhASA meM artha "sarvajJa Iza" thaa| use "nannara" (prakAza) bhI kahate the| sumera aura siMghu upatyakA kI mudrAoM para prophesara prANanAtha ne sina, nannara, zrIM hrIM Adi devatAoM ke nAma bhI paDhe haiM aura unheM jainAdi matoM ke devatAoM ke anurUpa batAyA hai| tammuja aura iztara ke prAcIna sumerIya kathAnaka ke pratIkoM meM pUrA jaina siddhAnta bharA huA hai| usake sUkara ke rUpa meM tIrthaMkara vimalanAtha kA ullekha honA saMbhava hai 1 grIsa, mizra aura IrAna ke prAcIna lekhakoM kI kRtiyoM meM pAye jAne vAle ullekhoM, bebIlona, campA (iNDocAinA), kamboja (kamboDiyA) ke bhUkhanana tathA madhya aphrIkA, madhya amerikA ke avazeSoM meM bikharI par3I jaina- saskRti para prakAza DAlane athavA zodha-khoja karane kI tarapha na to pracAra aura na hamAre jaina cakravartiyoM ke vijaya mArgoM Adi ko aitihAsika

Page #68
videzoM meM jaina dharma 68 rUpa dene meM hI jaina logoM ne vizeSa prayAsa kiyaa| pazcima eziyA meM maisopoTAmiyA deza ati prAcIna kAla se uttara. madhya aura dakSiNa aise tIna vibhAgoM meM vibhakta thaa| uttara vibhAga apanI rAjadhAnI asuranAma ke kAraNa esIriyA ke nAma se pahacAnA jAtA thA / madhya vibhAga kI prAcIna rAjadhAnI kIza thI kintu hammurAbI ke samaya meM IsA pUrva 2123 se 2081 meM bebIlona ke vizeSa vikAsa para A jAne ke kAraNa madhya bhAga kI rAjadhAnI bebIlona banI aura samaya bItane para madhya vibhAga bebIlona ke nAma se prasiddhi pA gayA / samudra taTavartI dakSiNa bhAga kI prAcIna rAjadhAnI airdha (mtapakamana) bandaragAha thI / kucha samaya bAda bebIlona ke zaktizAlI rAjAo ne ina tIno bhAgoM para apanA adhikAra jamA liyA aura tInoM saMyukta pradezo kI rAjadhAnI bebIlona ko banAyA / jaina sAhitya meM varNita Ardranagara hI ai nagara hone ke pramANa milate haiN| IsA pUrva 604 me bebIlAne kI gaddI para jagatprasiddha samrATa nebucedanejara (dvitIya) baitthaa| 605 IsA pUrva meM usane asIriyA ko harAkara sAre pradeza ko bebIlana meM milA liyaa| bAda meM vaha digvijaya ke lie nikalA tathA usane eziyA aura aphrIkA kA vizAla bhAga jIta liyaa| TAyara ke balabe ko bhI isane sakhtI se kucala DAlA aura isa prakAra pazcimI eziyA kA yazasvI samrAT bana gyaa| bebIlAna meM usane aneka jaina mandiro kA nirmANa kraayaa| usane nagara kI rakSA ke lie nagara ko cAroM ora se gheratI huI bhavya UMcI dIvAla kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| prasiddha grIka itihAsakAra heroDeTasa ke kathanAnusAra, isakA gherAva 56 mIla kA thA tathA yaha dIvAla isa nagara kI cAroM tarapha se lohe kI DhAla ke samAna rakSaNa karatI thii| usane bebIlana meM bhavya svargIya mahaloM kA nirmANa karAyA thA jo haigiMga gArDansa kahalAte haiM aura vizva ke AzcaryoM meM se hai| IsA pUrva 326 me bhArata se lauTate hue yUnAnI samrAT sikandara mahAn isI mahala para atyanta mugdha hokara isI meM ThaharA thA tathA isI mahala meM usakI hatyA bhI huI thI / nebucandanez2ara sAre maisopoTAmiyA kA samrATa thaa| vaha bhagavAna mahAvIra aura magadhapati zreNika bimbasAra kA samakAlIna thA / magadhapati zreNika

Page #69
videzoM meM jaina dharma 69 bimbasAra ne ArdrarAja nebucaMdanejara ko bheMTa bhejI thIM aura usake putra abhaya kumAra ne nebucaMdanajara ke rAjakumAra Ardra kumAra ko apanI tarapha se jina pratimA kI bheMTa bhejI, jisako dekhane para Ardra kumAra pratibodha pAkara bhArata varSa meM AyA thaa| usa samaya ke vizva ke itihAsa kA avalokara karane se jJAta hotA hai ki bhArata ke bAhara bebIlana sAmrAjya ke sivAya dUsarA eka bhI aisA anya sAmrAjya nahIM thA jisake samrATa ko magadhAdhipati bimbasAra bheMTa bhejtaa| usa samaya bhArata aura bebIlana sAmrAjya ke bIca sAMskRtika aura vyApArika samparka aura vANijyika AdAna pradAna hotA thA tathA lAkhoM bhAratIya aura pramukhatayA jaina antarrASTrIya vyApArI samasta madhya eziyA, maisopoTAmiyA, bebIlana Adi meM base hue the tathA unake vyApArika kAphile (sArthavAha) niyamita rUpa se Ate jAte the aura bebIlana sAmrAjya ke sAtha-sAtha romana sAmrAjya, phinIziyA, yuropa tathA sampUrNa vizva se antarrASTrIya vyApAra karate the jo ki hajAroM varSa taka nirantara calatA rahA / samrATa nebucandranejara ne girinAra parvata (gujarAta-bhArata) sthita vizvavizruta nemInAtha ke mandira kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thA aura usake niyamita nirvAha ke lie eka vizAla dhanarAzi vArSika rUpa se bheMTa kI thii| bAda meM jaba usakA putra Ardra kumAra bhagavAna mahAvIra se jaina dIkSA lekara bhArata calA AyA to usakI niyamita sAla sabhAla ke lie nebucaMdranejara ne usake pIche pAMca sau sainika bheje| bAda me saMbhavata ve sainika use choDakara bhAga nikale taba nebucandranejara apane putra kI khoja meM svaya raurASTra AyA tathA usa samaya jaina dharma kA prabhAva paDane se usane jaina dharma apanA liyaa| bAda meM usane aura Ardra kumAra ne samasya madhya eziyA meM jaina dharma kA vyApaka pracAra-prasAra kiyaa| sAyarasa ke zilAlekho se isa bAta ke pramANa milate haiM ki usane bebIlona me vaMza paramparAgata rUpa se calI AtI huI maka kI pUjA aura balidAna kI prathA banda karAI thI / uttarAvasthA ke nebucaMdranez2ara ke zilAlekhoM se patA calatA hai ki usane prajA kI sUcanArtha DiMDorA piTavAyA thA ki marjUka kI pUjA ke samaya balidAna banda kiyA jAtA hai| jaba nebucaMdranejara ne z2erosilama ko lUTA thA taba vahAM kAphI kSati pahucI thii| AraMbha meM isake banavAye hue mardUka ke bhavya mandira se yaha to nizcita 1

Page #70
70 videzoM meM jaina dharma hai ki pUrvAvasthA me vaha maDUka kA pujArI thA, parantu uttarAvasthA meM putra kI dIkSA ke bAda bhArata Ane para usane jaina dharma svIkAra kara liyA thA aura jIvana bhara usane jaina dharma kA pracAra kiyaa| uttara yaya meM nebucandranejara ne bebIlana meM nau phuTa UMcI tathA nau phuTa caur3I eka svarNa pratimA kA nirmANa karAyA thA aura usI samaya usane apane banavAye hue isa mukhya pUjana mandira me eka mUrti ke samIpa sarpa tathA dUsarI ke samIpa siMha kA bimba banavAyA thA tathA usake dvArA nirmANa karAye gaye isTAra ke daravAje kA kucha bhAga TUTa jAne se, jisake Tukar3e barlina aura kosTeMTInopala ke myUjiyamo me surakSita rakhe hae hai, unakA jo bhAga aba bhI vahAM maujUda hai, usa para vRSabha (baila), geDA, suara, sApa, siha, bAja ityAdi khude hue dikhalAI dete haiN|32 | ye saba jaina tIrthakaroM ke pratIka-cihana (lAMchana) hai| (vRSabha RSabhadeva kA, geMDA zreyAMsanAtha kA, suara vimalanAtha kA, bAja anantanAtha kA, sApa pArzvanAtha kA aura siha mahAvIra kA pratIka (lAchana) hai jo jaino ke kramaza prathama, gyArahaveM. tarahave, caudahaveM, teIsaveM aura caubIsave tIrthakaro ke lAMchana hai|) bAja mandira kI mUrtiyA bebIlana ke purANoM meM athavA purAnI bAibila meM varNita devo me se kisI se bhI koI mela nahI khaatii| 33 (yaha bAja mandira jaino ke caudahave tIrthakara anantanAtha kA honA cAhie, kyoMki bAja anantanAtha kA lAMchana hai|) vastu sthiti yaha thI ki nebucadranejara ne jaina dharma ko svIkAra kara liyA thaa| Epic of Creation (bebIlana kA mahAkAvya) me bebIlana kA eka rAjakumAra apane eka mitra ke sahayoga se svarga meM pahuMcane kA prayAsa karatA hai kintu adha bIca meM hI saraka paDatA hai aisA varNana milatA hai| yaha rUpaka jaina vAGmaya me abhaya kumAra kI preraNA se AryAvarta (bhArata) meM pahuMcakara dIkSA lene kI Ardra kumAra kI bhAvanA tathA bAda meM dIkSA-tyAga karane ke kathAnaka se mela khAtA hai| bebIlona kA bhArata ke sAtha sAMskRtika sambandha to IsA pUrva paccIsa sau varSa se thA. aisA itihAsakAra mAnate haiN| hammurAvI ke kAnUnI graMtha para bhI bhAratIya nyAyaprathA kA sampUrNa prabhAva hai| prAcIna pravAsiyoM ke vivaraNoM se bhI jJAta hotA hai ki bhaDauca aura sopArA ke bandaragAhoM ke dvArA bebIlAna

Page #71
71 videzoM meM jaina dharma bhArata ke sAtha khUba vyApAra karatA thaa| bebIlona ke zilpa-sthApatya para bhI bhAratIya zilpa-sthApatya kA prabhAva hai| donoM dezoM ke lAkhoM jaina zrAvaka, vyApArI, sArthavAha Adi nirantara gamanAgamana karate the tathA donoM dezoM meM base hue the tathA unakA antarrASTrIya vyApAra vizvabhara meM phailA huA thaa| adhyAya 28 pazcimottara sImA prAnta (uccanagara) aura jaina dharma yahAM para bhI jaina dharma kA bar3A prabhAva thaa| yaha sindhu nadI ke taTa para sthita thaa| uccanagara meM cakravartI samrATa bharata ke dvArA nirmANa karAyA gayA yugAdideva (RSabhadeva) kA mahAtIrtha58 hai| yahA ke vizAla mahAvihAra me AdinAtha kI pratimA virAjamAna hai| uccanagara kA jainoM se ati prAcIna kAla se sambandha calA A rahA hai tathA takSazilA ke samAna hI yaha jaino kA kendrasthAla rahA hai| takSazilA, puNDravardhana, uccanagara Adi prAcIna kAla meM bar3e mahatvapUrNa nagara rahe hai| ina ati prAcIna nagaroM me RSabhadeva ke kAla se hI hajAro kI saMkhyA meM jaina parivAra AbAda the|109 vividha tIrtha kalpa (jinaprabha sUri) meM isakA ullekha huA hai)| adhyAya 29 mahAmAtya vastupAla kA jaina dharma ke pracAra-prasAra ke lie yogadAna dholakA ke vIra dhavala ke mahAmaMtrI vastupAla (vikramI saM. 1275 se 1303) ne jaina dharma ke vyApaka prasAra ke lie mahAna yogadAna kiyA thaa| isa kArya meM inake bhAI senApati tejapAla ne bhI pUrA yogadAna kiyaa| ina logoM ne bhAsta aura bAhara ke vibhinna parvata zikharoM para sundara jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa karAyA aura unakA jIrNoddhAra kraayaa| zatrujaya, giranAra, AbU,

Page #72
72 videzoM meM jaina dharma kAMgar3A.. kazmIraka deza Adi meM unhoMne bhavya jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa evaM jIrNoddhAra kraayaa| isa kArya ke lie unhone arabo-kharaboM rupaye kharca kie| siMdha (pAkistAna) paMjAba, multAna, gAMdhAra, kazmIra, sindhu-sauvIra Adi janapadoM meM unhoMne jaina mandiroM, tIrthoM Adi kA nava nirmANa kraayaa| unhoMne deza-videzoM kI tIrthayAtrA ke lie. samaya-samaya para 12 tIrtha yAtrA saMgha nikAle, jinakA kharcA unhone svayaM diyaa| inameM jainAcArya, sAdhu, sAdhviyAM tathA zrAvaka-zrAvikAyeM hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM sammilita hote rhe|18 adhyAya 30 kamboja (pAmIra) janapada meM jaina dharma yaha praznavAhana (pezAvara) se uttara kI ora sthita thaa| yahA para jaina dharma kI mahatI prabhAvanA aura vistAra thaa| isa janapada me vihAra karane vAle zramaNa saMgha kambojA yA kambojI gaccha ke nAma se prasiddha the| gAdhArA gaccha aura kambojI gaccha 17vI zatAbdI taka vidyamAna the| takSazilA ke ujADe jAne ke samaya, takSazilA me bahuta se jaina mandira aura stUpa vidyamAna the| adhyAya 31 arabiyA meM jaina dharma islAma ke phailane para arabiyA sthita AdinAtha, neminAtha aura bAhubalI ke mandira aura aneka mUrtiyA naSTa kI gaI thii| arabiyA sthita podanapura jaina dharma kA gar3ha thA aura vahAM kI rAjadhAnI thI tathA vahA bAhubalI kI uttuMga -pratimA vidyamAna thii| AdinAtha (RSabhadeva) ko arabiyA meM bAbA Adama kahA jAtA hai| maurya samrATa samprati ke zAsana kAla meM vahAM aura phArasa meM jaina saskRti kA vyApaka pracAra huA thA tathA yahA aneka jaina bastiyA vidyamAna thiiN| makkA kI masjida sthita sage-asvada, jisakA ki haja

Page #73
videzoM meM jaina dharma 73 yAtrI bosA lete haiM. podanapura sthita RSabha pratimA kA hI aMza hai| __ makkA meM islAma kI sthApanA ke pUrva vahAM jaina dharma kA vyApaka pracAra-prasAra thA / mahAkavi ratnAkara viracita kannar3a-kAvya "bharateza vaibhava" ke anusAra, jaba samrATa bharata makkA gae to vahAM ke rAjAoM aura jamatA ne bharata kA svAgata kiyA thaa| vahAM para aneka jaina manidara vidyamAna the| islAma kA pracAra hone para jaina mUrtiyA toDa dI gaI aura mandiroM ko masjida banA liyA gyaa| isa samaya vahAM jo masjideM haiM, unakI banAvaTa jaina mandiroM (bAvana caityAlayoM) ke anurUpa hai| isa bAta kI puSTi jemsa phargyusana ne apanI "vizva kI dRSTi meM nAmaka prasiddha pustaka ke pRSTha 26 para kI hai| madhyakAla meM bhI jaina dArzaniko ke aneka saMgha bagadAda aura madhya eziyA gae the aura vahAM ahiMsA dharma kA pracAra kiyA thaa| adhyAya 32 islAma aura jaina dharma islAma kA pravartana hajarata muhammada se haA hai| mahammada sAhaba svaya to pracalita artho me sanyAsI nahI the kintu unako daivI upadezo kA darzana aura jJAna marusthalo me ekAnta jIvana bitAne aura tapa karane ke bAda hI huA thaa| bAda meM to sUphI, daraveza, khvAjA, pIra Adi aneka gRhatyAgI sanyAsiyo ke sampradAya islAma kA pradhAna aga bana ge| islAma meM sanyAsa kA jo praveza huA hai vaha IsAI .sanyAsI sampradAyo, IrAna, aphagAnistAna aura madhya eziyA me sarvatra base jaina zramaNoM aura bauddha sampradAyo tathA kazmIra, sindha aura nikaTavartI kSetroM ke hindU sanyAsiyoM ke sAtha samparka kA hI pariNAma hai| islAma ke kaladarI sampradAya ke loga jaina saskRti se vizeSa prabhAvati rahe hai tathA ve jaina dharma ke ahiMsA Adi siddhAnto ko mAnate haiN| hajarata muhammada ke pUrva makkA meM jaina dharma vidyamAna thaa| makkA meM islAma kA pracAra hone para una mandiroM kI mUrtiyAM toDa dI gaI aura una mandiroM ko masjida banA liyA gyaa| isa samaya vahAM para jo masjideM haiM,

Page #74
videzoM meM jaina dharma 74 unakI banAvaTa jaina mandiroM (bAvana caityAlayoM) ke anurUpa haiN| ibna-ana-najIma ke anusAra, arabo ke zAsana kAla meM yahiyA ibnakhAlida baramakI ne khalIphA ke darabAra aura bhArata ke sAtha atyanta gaharA sambandha sthApita kiyaa| usane bar3e adhyavasAya aura Adara ke sAtha bhArata ke hindu, bauddha aura jaina vidvAnoM ko nimantrita kiyaa| prAcIna kAla se hI makkA meM jaina dharma kA vyApaka pracAra thaa| makkA meM islAma kA pracAra hone para jaina mandiro kI mUrtiyAM naSTa kara dI gaI aura una mandiroM kI banAvaTa se bhI hotI hai| vAstukalA marmajJa phargyUsana ne apanI pustaka "vizva kI dRSTi meM likhA hai ki makkA meM bhI mohammada sAhaba ke pUrva jaina mandira vidyamAna the, kintu kAla kI kuTilatA se jaba jaina loga usa deza me na rahe to madhumatI ke dUradarzI zrAvaka makkA sthita jaina mUrtiyoM ko vahA se le Aye the jinakI pratiSThA unhone apane nagara me karA dI thI jo Aja bhI vidyamAna ha / romAniyA, nArve, AsTriyA, hagarI, grIsa yA maisiDoniyA ke nivAsI mizriyo ke anugAmI the| ve jaina dharmAnuyAyiioM ke upadezo se prabhAvita the| yUnAniyo ke dhArmika itihAsa se bhI jJAta hotA hai ki unake deza meM jaina siddhAnta pracalita the| pAithAgorasa 32 pAiro 33 (pirraho ), ploTInasa Adi mahApuruSa zramaNa dharma aura zramaNa darzana ke mukhya pratipAdaka the / inameM se pAithAgorasa ne pArzvanAtha-mahAvIra kAla meM, chaThI zatAbdI IsA pUrva meM bhArata kI yAtrA kI thii| use zramaNo aura brAhmaNoM ne elorA aura elIphenTA ke mandira dikhAye the aura use yUnAnAcArya kI Arambhika upAdhi pradAna kI thii| use AtmA kI amaratA aura punarjanma me AsthA thI / isI prakAra, pAiro 133.ddha (pirraho) aura ploTinasa, apolo aura damasa ne bhI bhArata Akara jaina dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| grIka philAsaphara pirraho capatIvaddha IsA se pUrva kI cauthI zatAbdI meM bhArata AyA thA aura usane jaina sAdhuoM se vidhAdhyayana kiyA thaa| bAda meM pAiroM ne yUnAna meM jaina siddhAnta kA pracAra kiyA thaa| vaha syAdvAda ke siddhAnta kA pracAraka thaa| yUnAna kA prAcIna yUnAnI DAyonIziyana dharma bhI jaina siddhAntoM se prabhAvita thaa| jainoM kI bhAMti prAcIna yUnAnI digambara mUrtiyoM ke upAsaka the aura AtmA kI mukti aura punarjanma meM AsthA rakhate the tathA maunavrata aura

Page #75
videzoM meM jaina dharma 75 ahiMsA para bala dete the| .ethensa meM digambara jaina santa zramaNAcArya kA caitya vidyamAna hai, jisase prakaTa hai ki yUnAna me jaina dharma kA vyApaka prasAra thaa| prophesara rAmasvAmI AyagAra ne ThIka hI kahA hai ki bauddha aura jaina zramaNa apane apane dharmoM ke pracArArtha yUnAna, romAniyA aura nArve taka gae the| nArve ke aneka parivAra Aja bhI jaina dharma kA pAlana karate hai aura unakA upanAma jaina sUcaka yA tadanurUpa hai| suprasiddha jaina AcArya suzIla kumAra jI ne apanI vizvavyApI jaina dhArmika yAtrAoM meM nArve ke aise kucha jaina parivAroM se samparka bhI kiyA thaa| ___ AsTriyA aura haMgarI meM bhUkampa ke kAraNa bhUmi se buDApesTa nagara ke eka bagIce se mahAvIra svAmI kI eka prAcIna mUrti hastagata huI thii| ataH yaha svata siddha hai ki vahAM jaina zrAvakoM kI acchI bastI thii| dezo aura nagaroM me nAmo me yUropa ke jarmana aura jarmanI zabdo kA zramaNa aura zramaNI zabdoM se tathA "sArAvAka" zabda kA "zrAvaka" zabda se sAmya hai| adhyAya 33 IsAI dharma aura jaina dharma IsA se kaI zatAbdI pUrva zramaNa sanyAsa kI paramparA araba, mizra. ijarAila aura yUnAna meM jaDa pakaDa cukI thii| sIriyA me nirjanavAsI zramaNa sanyAsiyoM ke saMgha aura Azrama sthApita the jo atyanta kaThora tapa karate the| svayaM IsA ke dIkSAguru yUhannA isI sampradAya ke the| IsA ne bhI bhArata Akara sanyAsa aura jaina tathA bhAratIya darzanoM kA adhyayana kiyA thaa| Aja bhI bhArata meM sabase prAcIna IsAI "sIriyAI IsAI" haiM jo IsA masIha ke pratyakSa ziSya saMta thAmasa kI ziSya paramparA meM hai| sIriyAI IsAiyoM kI jIvanacaryA pramaNa sanyAsiyoM se adhika bhinna nahIM haiN| IsA masIha ne bAibila meM jo ahiMsA kA upadeza diyA thA. vaha jaina saMskRti aura jaina siddhAnta ke anurUpa hai| isa upadeza meM jaina saMskRti kI chApa spaSTa rUpa se parilakSita hotI hai|

Page #76
videzoM meM jaina dharma 76 adhyAya 34 skaMDineviyA meM jaina dharma karnala TADa apane prasiddha grantha "rAjasthAna' , dadase daka /dajapunapajapame vareiMjIdaddha meM likhate haiM ki mujhe aisA pratIta hotA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM cAra buddha yA medhAvI mahApuruSa hue haiN| inameM pahale AdinAtha yA RSabhadeva the, aura dUsare neminAtha the| ye neminAtha hI skaiMDineviyA nivAsiyoM ke prathama auDana tathA cIniyoM ke prathama pho nAmaka devatA the|" DA. prANanAtha vidyAlaMkAra ke anusAra, sumera jAti me utpanna bAbula ke khildiyana samrATa nebucadanejara ne dvArakA jAkara IsA pUrva 1140 ke lagabhaga giranAra ke svAmI neminAtha kI bhakti kI thI aura vahAM neminAtha kA eka mandira banavAyA thaa| saurASTra meM isI samrATa nebucadanejara kA eka tAmrapatra prApta huA hai| adhyAya 35 kaizpiyA meM jaina dharma kazyapa gautrI tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha dharma pracArArtha madhya eziyA ke balakha (kriyApizi yA kaizpiyA) nagara gaye the| usake AsapAsa ke nagaro amana, samarakanda Adi me jaina dharma pracalita thaa| isakA ullekha IsA pUrva pAMcavI chaTI zatI ke yUnAnI itihAsa me kiyA gayA hai| yahA ke jaina zrAvaka Ayoniyana yA Araphika kahalAte the| boka ThavasAddha me jo naye vihAra aura IMToM ke khaNDahara nikale haiM, ve vahAM para kazyapoM ke astitva ko prakaTa karate haiN| mahAvIra kA gotra kazyapa thA aura inake anuyAyI bhI kabhI-kabhI kAzyapoM ke nAma se vikhyAta hue the| bhaugolika nAma kaispiyA (Caspla) kA kazyapa ke sAdRza hai| ataH yaha bilkula sabhava hai ki jaina dharma kA pracAra kaispiyA, rUmAniyA aura samarakanda, boka Adi nagaroM meM rahA thaa|33.itt

Page #77
videzoM meM jaina dharma 77 adhyAya 36 brahmadeza (baramA) (svarNabhUmi) meM jainadharma jaina zAstroM meM brahmadeza ko svarNadvIpa kahA gayA hai| jagata prasiddha jainAcArya kAlakAcArya aura unake ziSyagaNa svarNadvIpa meM nivAsa karate the| unake praziSya zramaNa sAgara apane gaNa sahita vahA pahale hI vidyamAna the| vahAM se unhone AsapAsa ke dakSiNa-pUrva eziyA ke aneka dezoM meM jaina dharma kA pracAra kiyA thaa|34 thAIlaiDa sthita nAgabuddha kI nAgaphaNa vAlI pratimAye pArzvanAtha kI pratimAyeM hai| adhyAya 37 zrIlaMkA meM jaina dharma bhArata aura laMkA (siMhaladvIpa) ke yugo purAne sAMskRtika sambandha rahe haiN| sihaladvIpa meM prAcIna kAla meM jaina dharma kA pracAra thaa| bauddha grantha mahAvaMza meM kahA gayA hai ki rAjA pAMDukAmaya ne caturtha zatI IsA pUrva meM apanI rAjadhAnI anurAdhApura meM do jaina nirgantho ke lie eka mandira aura eka maTha banavAyA thaa| yaha mandira aura maTha 38 90 IsA pUrva taka rAjA vaTTagAmini ke kAla taka vidyamAna rhaa| ye jaina smAraka 21 rAjAo ke zAsana kAla taka vidyamAna rahe aura bAda meM bauddha saMghArAma banA liye gye| sampUrNa siMhaladvIpa ke janajIvana para jaina saMskRti kI spaSTa chApa dRSTigocara hotI hai| jaina muni yazakIrti ne IsA kAla kI Arambhika zatAbdiyoM meM siMhaladvIpa jAkara vahAM jaina dharma kA pracAra kiyA thaa| jaina zrAvaka sadaiva samudra pAra jAte the, isakA ullekha bauddha sAhitya meM milatA hai| mahAvaMza ke anusAra, IsA pUrva 430 meM jaba anurAdhApura basA taka jaina zrAvaka. vahAM vidyamAna the| vahAM anurAdhApura ke rAjA pAMDukAmaya ne jyotiya niggaMTha ke lie ghara banavAyA thaa| rAjA pAMDukAmaya ne kumaNDa niggaMTha ke lie eka devAlaya banavAyA thaa|

Page #78
videzoM meM jaina dharma ati prAcIna kAla meM vastutaH siMhaladvIpa me vidhAdhara vaMza kI RkSa jAti kA nivAsa thA / RSabhaputra samrAT bharata cakravartI ne isa dvIpa kI vijaya karake vahA jaina dharma aura zramaNa saMskRti kA pracAra kiyA thA / rAmAyaNa kAla meM RkSavaMzI rAvaNa laMkA kA mahAparAkramI jaina nareza thA / tadanantara bAIsaveM jaina tIrthaMkara ariSTanemi kA zrIlaMkA meM maMgala vihAra huA thA jinakI smRti meM zrIlaMkA me ariSTanemI vizAla jaina vihAra kA nirmANa bhI kiyA gayA thaa| pArzvanAtha ke tIrtha kAla meM karakaMDu nareza ne bhI siMhala kI yAtrA kI thii| 78 maurya samrAT samprati ne zrIlakA me zrI digambara muniyoM ko dharma pracAra ke lie bhejA thA, jaisA ki bauddha grantha mahAvaza se prakaTa hotA hai| krauMca dvIpa siMhaladvIpa (laMkA) aura hasa dvIpa meM jaina tIrthakara sumatinAtha kI pAdukAeM thiiN| pArakara deza aura kAsahada me bhagavAna RSabhadeva kI pratimA thI tathA ratnAdvIpa meM jaina vyApAriyoM kA nivAsa thA / prAcIna jaina sAhitya meM isa bAta ke pracura mAtrA me ullekha milate hai ki jaina sAdhuo ne dharmapracArArtha bhArata se zrIlaMkA kI anekAneka yAtrAye kIM / utkala (ur3IsA) ke samrATa khAravela ne bhArata tathA videzoM meM samaya-samaya para jaina sAdhu aura dharma pracAraka bheje| jaina vAGmaya me ullekha mile hai ki aneka jaina sagha bhArata se zrIlaMkA, jAvA, sumAtrA, zyAma (thAIlaiNDa), viyatanAma Adi gye)| zrIlaMkA me sigiriyA pradeza meM abhayagiri meM eka suvizAla jaina maTha vidyamAna thA jahA baDI saMkhyA vidyamAna the| abhayagiri prAcIna kAla meM rAjadhAnI thI aura rAjadhAnI sthita jaina sAdhu zrIlaMkA tathA dakSiNa pUrva ke anya dezoM meM vihAra karate the / vastutaH zrIlaMkA meM jaina dharma prAcIna kAla se susthApita thA / zrIlaMkA ke prAcIna vAGmaya eva anya pramANoM se sAbita hotA hai ki khallATagA (109 jaina sAdhu se 103 IsA pUrva) ke zAsana kAla me abhayagiri sthita jaina maTha evaM vihAra -vizeSa rUpa se prabhAvI aura lokapriya thaa| rAjA baTTagaminI ke zAsana kAla se pahale jaina maTha ke muni zrIgiri kA vizeSa prabhAva thaa| bAda meM bauddha ho jAne ke kAraNa rAjA vaTTagaminI ke zAsana kAla (89 se 77 IsA pUrva) meM usake dharma parivartana ke kAraNa jaina maTha ko ghora hAni pahuMcI aura antatogatvA jaina maTha ko bauddha vihAra meM sammilita kara liyA gyaa|

Page #79
videzoM meM jaina dharma 79 zrIlakA ke bAda ke itihAsa se jJAta hotA hai ki bAda meM jaba rAjA yogAdhAnA kAssapA -1 dvArA nikAle jAne para aTThAraha varSa taka bhArata meM nirvAsana meM rahA taba usane zrIlaMkA ke senApati aura vizAla jaina samudAya ke sAtha gupta rUpa se nirantara samparka banAye rakhA thA tathA zrIlaMkA ke jaina sAdhu varga ke sahayoga aura sahAyatA se san 495 meM punaH vijayI hokara zrIlakA kA zAsaka banA, yadyapi bAda meM mAMgAMlAnA bauddha logoM ke zrIlaMkA me samiriyA, anurAdhApura Adi aneka jaina kendra aura vizAla maTha rahe hai| zrIlaMkA meM jaina zrAvakoM aura sAdhuoM ne sthAna-sthAna para caubIsoM jaina tIrthaMkaroM ke bhavya mandira bnvaaye| suprasiddha purAtatvavida phargyUsana ne likhA hai ki kucha yuropiyana logoM ne zrIlakA meM sAta aura tIna phaNo vAlI mUrtiyo ke citra lie the| sAta yA nau phaNa pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM para aura tIna phaNa unake zAsanadeva dharaNendra aura zAsanadevI padmAvatI kI mUrti para banAye jAte haiN| bhArata ke suprasiddha itihAsa vettA zrI pI.sI. rAya caudharI ne zrIlaMkA meM jaina dharma ke viSaya meM vistAra se zodha khoja kI hai| vikrama kI 14vIM zatI meM ho gaye jainAcArya jina prabhasUri ne apane caturaziti ( 84 ) mahAtIrtha nAmaka kalpa meM yahAM zrI zAntinAtha tIrthaMkara ke mahAtIrtha kA ullekha kiyA hai| 143 adhyAya 38 tibbata deza meM jaina dharma tibbata ke himina maTha meM rUsI paryaTaka noTobica ne pAlI bhASA kA eka grantha prApta kiyA thaa| usameM spaSTa likhA hai ki IsA ne bhArata tathA bhoTa deza (tibbata) jAkara vahA ajJAtavAsa kiyA thA aura vahAM unhoMne jaina sAdhuoM ke sAtha sAkSAtkAra kiyA thA / 35. himAlaya kSetra meM tibbata meM mahAvIra kA vihAra huA thA tathA vahAM nivasita vartamAna DiMgarI jAti ke pUrvaja tathA gar3havAla aura tarAI ke kSetra meM nivasita DimarI jAti ke pUrvaja jaina the| "DiMgarI" aura "DimarI" zabda 'digambarI" zabda ke apabhraMza rUpa haiN| vahAM jaina purAtAtvika sAmagrI pracuratA

Page #80
80 videzo me jaina dharma se prApta hotI hai| jaina tIrtha aSTApada (kailAza parvata) hima pradeza ke nAma se vikhyAta hai jo himAlaya parvata ke bIca zikharamAlA meM sthita hai aura tibbata meM hai| adhyAya 39 aphagAnistAna meM jaina dharma aphagAnistAna prAcIna kAla meM bhArata kA bhAga thA tathA aphagAnistAna meM sarvatra jaina zramaNa dharmAnuyAyI nivAsa karate the| bhArata sarakAra ke purAtattva vibhAga ke bhUtapUrva saMyukta mahAnidezaka zrI TI.ena rAmacandrana ne aphagAnistAna gae eka ziSTa maNDala ke netA ke rUpa me yaha mata vyakta kiyA thA ki "maine I chaThI-sAtavIM zatAbdI ke prasiddha cInI yAtrI "hvenasAga" ke isa kathana kA satyApana kiyA hai ki yahAM jaina tIrthaMkaro ke anuyAyI bar3I sakhyA me haiM jo lUNadeva yA ziznadeva kI upAsanA karate hai| ___ aphagAnistAna meM usa kAla meM hvenasAMga ne saikar3oM jaina muni dekhe the| usa samaya elegjenDrA me jaina dharma aura bauddha dharma kA vyApaka prasAra thaa| usa kAla me uttara pazcima sImA prAnta eva aphagAnistAna meM vipula sakhyA meM jaina zramaNa vihAra karate the| sikandara ke bhArata AkramaNa ke samaya takSazilA me jaina AcArya dolAmasa aura unakA ziSyavarga thA / kRSi yuga ke prArambha se lekara sikandara ke samaya taka takSazilA me nirvAdha jaina muniyoM kA vihAra hotA thaa| sikandara ke sAtha kAlAnasa muni (muni kalyANa vijaya) yUnAna gaye the| pArzvanAtha kA vihAra bhI aphagAnistAna aura kazmIra kSetra me huA thaa| bauddha cInI yAtrI hvenasAMga ne 686 IsavI se 712 IsavI taka bhArata bhramaNa kiyA thaa| usake yAtrA vivaraNa ke anusAra, aphagAnistAna ke kaMpiza deza meM dasa ke karIba devamandira (jaina mandira) aura eka hajAra ke karIba anya matAvalambiyoM ke mandira haiN| yahAM bar3I saMkhyA meM nigrantha (jaina muni) bhI vihAra karate haiN| 142 gAMdhAra (prAcIna nAma AzvakAyana) meM sira para tIna chatrI sahita

Page #81
videzoM meM jaina dharma 81 RSabhadeva kI khar3agAsana mUrti milI hai jo 175 phuTa UMcI hai aura usake sAtha 23 anya tIrthakaroM kI choTI pratimAyeM pahAr3a ko tarAza kara banAI gaI thii| dUra-dUra ke lAga yahAM jaina tIrtha yAtrA karane ke lie Ate the / cInI yAtrI hvenasAMga (686-712 IsavI) ke yAtrA vivaraNa ke anusAra, kapiza deza meM 10 jaina deva mandira haiN| yahAM nirgrantha jaina muni bhI dharma pracArArtha vihAra karate hai| 15 kAbula meM bhI jaina dharma kA prasAra thaa| vahAM jaina pratimAyeM utkhanana meM nikalatI rahatI hai| (sI.je. zAha "jainisma ina nAradarna iMDiyA, laMdana, 1932 ) adhyAya 40 - hindeziyA, jAvA, malAyA, kaMboDiyA Adi dezoM meM jaina dharma bhAratIya darzana aura dharma, purAtatva aura sAhitya, sagIta aura cikitsA ke kSetra meM ina dvIpoM ke sAMskRtika itihAsa aura vikAsa meM bhAratIyoM kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai| ina dvIpoM ke prArambhika AprAvAsiyoM kA adhipati suprasiddha jaina mahApuruSa kauMDinya thA jisakA ki jainadharma kathAoM meM vistAra se ullekha huA hai| jaina vyApAriyoM kI jAvA dvIpa, malAyA dvIpa, sumAtrAdvIpa aura anya aise hI dvIpoM kI yAtrAoM ke jaina vRttAMta itane rocaka aura sahI hai ki vidvAnoM ne unheM aitihAsika mahattva kA mAnA hai| AraMmbhika madhya yuga meM jaba bhAratIya adhivAsI dakSiNa bhArata se dakSiNa pUrvI eziyA aura hindeziyA ke dvIpoM meM basane gaye to dakSiNa bhArata meM jaina dharma kA vyApaka prasAra thaa| ataH svAbhAvika hai ki ve apane sAtha jAvA aura malAyA Adi meM jaina dharma bhI le gye| kainTI kA bhAratIya mUla kA prathama rAjavaMza nAgoM se sambandhita thA jinakA ki jaina sAhitya meM Arambha se hI vistRta ullekha milatA hai| kamboDiyA meM base bhAratIya adhivAsiyoM ke prathama pUrvaja kauDinya kA ullekha arhat (jaina) vaidyoM meM kiyA gayA hai| ina dvIpoM ke bhAratIya adhivAsI vizuddha zAkAhArI the| una dezoM se prApta mUrtiyAM tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM se milatI-julatI haiN| vahAM 52 caityAlaya bhI mile

Page #82
82 videzoM meM jaina dharma haiM jisa saMkhyA kA jaina paramparA meM bar3A mahatva hai| jaina paramparA ke anusAra aSTAhinakA parva ke avasara para nandIzvara dvIpa ke 52 caityAlayoM kI varSa meM tIna bAra ArAdhanA kI jAtI hai| yahAM ke navIM zatAbdI ke eka zilAlekha meM 23veM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha kA ullekha AyA hai| isameM "kalyANa kAraka" nAmaka jaina cikitsA grantha kA bhI ullekha huA hai| anAma (campA). Tonkina (dakSiNa cIna). barmA, sumAtrA aura malaya dvIpa samUha ke lie suvarNa bhUmi nAma pracalita thaa| vikramI saMvat 1200 ke AsapAsa jaina AcArya kAlaka (kSamA zramaNa) kA suvarNa bhUmi meM vihAra huA thaa| unhoMne anAma (campA) taka vihAra kiyA thaa| AcArya sAgarapramaNa aura cArudatta kA bhI (IsA pUrva 74.69 meM) vihAra huA thaa| nimitta zAstra ke paMDita evaM aneka granthoM ke racayitA kAlakAcArya (vaMkAlakAcArya) aura sAgara zramaNa aura unake ziSya-praziSyoM kA IsA kI pahalI yA dUsarI zatI meM suvarNa bhUmi gamana jaina dharma ke itihAsa kI eka mahattvapUrNa ghaTanA hai| isakA samarthana TAlemI evaM vAsudeva hiNDI se bhI hotA hai| ina pradezoM kI saskRti para vyApaka zramaNa prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai| kambuja, campA Adi ke prAthamika bhAratIya rAjavaMza nAga jAtIya the| ina 'sabhI kSetroM meM madya, mAMsa kA pracAra nahIM thA tathA paza-bali Adi kA abhAva thaa| vahAM ke aneka zilAlekhoM me pArzvanAtha Adi tIrthakaseM tathA jaina Ayurveda grantha "kalyANa kAraka" Adi kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| yahAM varSa kA Arambha mahAvIra niryANa varSa kI bhAMti kArtika mAsa se hotA hai| samasta dakSiNa pUrvI eziyA meM sarvatra prAMta, nAgabuddha kI mAnI jAne vAlI prasiddha mUrtiyAM zrI harisatya mahAcArya Adi itihAsa-purAtattvajJoM ke anusAra tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyA haiN| IsA kI pahalI-dUsarI zatAbdiyoM meM bhArata kA pUrva ke dezo ke sAtha ghaniSTha vyApArika sambandha thaa| dakSiNa varmA se paidala rAste se jainAcArya Age suvarNa bhUmi ke pradezoM meM gaye, jahAM unake AhAra-vihArArtha jaina gRhastha bar3I saMkhyA meM pahale hI nivAsa karate the|

Page #83
videzoM meM jaina dharma 41 83 nepAla deza meM jaina dharma nepAla kA jainadharma ke sAtha prAcIna kAla se hI bar3A sambandha rahA hai| licchavi kAla meM bihAra se nepAla meM Aye licchivi jaina dharmAvalambI the / AcArya bhadrabAhu mahAvIra nirvANa saMvat 170 meM nepAla gaye the aura nepAla kI kandarAoM meM unhoMne tapasyA kI thI jisase sapUrNa himAlaya kSetra meM jaina dharma kI bar3I prabhAvanA huI thI 1 34 nepAla kA prAcIna itihAsa bhI isa bAta kA sAkSI hai| usa kSetra kI badrInAtha, kedAranAtha eva pazupatinAtha kI mUrtiyA jaina mudrA padmAsana meM hai aura una para RSabha pratimA ke anya cihna bhI vidyamAna haiN| 19 veM tIrthaMkara mallinAtha aura 21veM tIrthaMkara naminAtha nepAla meM hI janakapura dhAma (mithilA nagarI) paidA hue aura donoM tIrthakaroM ke cAra-cAra kalyANaka bhI yahAM huye the / nepAla meM hajAroM varSa pUrva meM zramaNa saskRti kI nirantara prabhAvanA banI rahI hai jisake cihna Aja bhI saikar3oM sthAnoM para lakSita hote haiN| RSabha putra cakravartI samrAT bharata ne nepAla ke harihara kSetra meM kAlI gaMDakI nadI ke taTapara pulahAzrama meM tapasyA kI thI / jaba AcArya bhadrabAhu nepAla kI kandarAoM meM tapasyA kara rahe the taba 500 jaina muniyoM kA saMgha nepAla AyA thA aura usane bhadrabAhu se jainAgama kA samasta jJAna prApta kiyA thaa| isake bAda nepAla meM jaina dharma kA vyApaka pracAra-prasAra huA / nepAla ke rASTrIya abhilekhAgAra meM aneka jaina grantha upalabdha haiM jinameM prazna vyAkaraNa vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| pazupatinAtha ke pavitra kSetra meM jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI aneka mUrtiyAM vidyamAna haiN| nepAla kI rAjadhAnI kAThamANDU kI bAgamatI nadI ke kinAre pATana ke zakhamUla nAmake sthAna se khudAI meM lagabhaga 1400 varSa purAnI bhagavAna 1008 candraprabhu svAmI kI eka khar3agAsana mUrti prApta huI hai| saMyukta jaina samAja dvArA nepAla meM eka vizAla jaina mandira kA nirmANa kArya Arambha ho cukA hai| isake lie eka udAra jaina bandhu ne lagabhaga DhAI karor3a kI bhUmi

Page #84
84 videzoM meM jaina dharma dAna meM dI hai| vartamAna nepAla meM lagabhaga 500 parivAra jaina dharma ke mAnane vAle hai| nepAla kI rAjadhAnI kAThamAMDoM meM san 1980 me sthApita bhagavAna mahAvIra jaina niketana ke vizAla parisara meM eka navIna jaina mandira kA nirmANa kArya jora zora se cala rahA hai jise digambara aura zvetAmbara dono jaina sampradAya mila kara banA rahe hai| niketana meM bhUtala para digambara jaina mandira hogA jisameM kAle pASANa kI RSabhadeva kI kAle pASANa kI 37 iMca UMcI padamAsana pratimA sthApita kI jaayegii| tathA niketana kI Upara kI maMjila para zvetAmbara jaina mandira meM bhagavAna mallinAtha, neminAtha evaM mahAvIra kI pratimAyeM virAjamAna kI jaayeNgii| nepAla ke mahArAjA zrI vIrendra vikrama zAha 6 apraila, 1996 ko isakA udaghATana karane vAle the| niketana parisara me 25 kamaroM kA eka bhavya bhavana eva bhadrabAha sabhAgAra Adi hoNge| adhyAya 42 bhUTAna deza meM jaina dharma bhUTAna meM jaina dharma kA khUba prasAra thA tathA jaina mandira aura jaina sAdhu-sAdhviyAM vidyamAna the. jahAM jaina tIrthayAtrI samaya-samaya para jAte rahe haiN| vikramI saMvat 1806 me digambara jaina tIrtha yAtrI lAmacIdAsa golAlAre brahmacArI bhUTAna deza se jaina tIrtho kI yAtrA ke lie gayA thA jisake vistRta yAtrA vivaraNa (jaina zAstra bhaNDAra, tijArA (rAjasthAna)) kI 108 pratiyA~ bhinna-bhinna jaina zAstra bhaMDAroM meM surakSita haiN| adhyAya 43 pAkistAna ke parivartI kSetroM meM jaina dharma RSabhadeva ne bharata ko ayodhyA, bAhubalI ko podanapura tathA zeSa 98 putroM

Page #85
85 videzoM meM jaina dharma ko saMsAra bhara ke zeSa deza pradAna kiye the| bAhubalI ne bAda meM apane putra mahAbalI ko podanapura rAjya sauMpakara munidIkSA lii| podanapura vartamAna pAkistAna kSetra meM vijayArdha parvata ke nikaTa sindhu nadI ke suramya evaM ramyaka deza uttarApatha meM thA aura jaina saMskRti kA addhitIya jagata-vikhyAta vizvakendra thaa| mahAbhArata (droNaparva) meM bhI potana (potanya) kA ullekha huA hai| kAlAntara meM podanapura ajJAta kAraNo se naSTa ho gyaa| .. pAkistAnI kSetra eva sampUrNa parivartI dezo meM jaina saMskRti ke sArvabhauma evaM sArvayugIna pracAra-prasAra kA lagabhaga ATha hajAra varSa se bhI adhika purAnA itihAsa milatA hai| RSabha yuga se lekara neminAtha ke tIrthaMkAla paryanta sampUrNa vizva me jaina saskRti kI vyApaka prabhAvanA rhii| nadI ghATI sabhyatAoM meM sarvAdhika jJAta sabhyatA sindhu ghATI sabhyatA hai jo pAkistAna aura usake parivartI kSetroM meM phailI huI thii| bhArata, pAkistAna aura parivartI kSetroM meM lagabhaga 250 sthAnoM para hue utkhananoM se isa vyApaka dravir3a-vidhAdhara-vrAtya-paNi-nAga-asura saMskRti para prakAza par3A hai| isakA utkarSakAla lagabhaga 4000 IsA parva rahA hai| prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva isa sabhyatA ke parama ArAdhya evaM upAsya the, jaisA ki Rgveda kI 141 RSabhavAcI RcAoM, kezIsUkta evaM bhArata jAtiparaka ullekhoM se tathA atharvaveda ke vrAtya kANDa, vibhinna upaniSadoM evaM suvistRta purANa sAhitya se prakaTa hai| usI yuga meM har3appA-pUrva avahar3appo saskRtiyoM kI vidyamAnatA ke bhI saMketa mile hai jo vastutaH usI paramparA kI jaina zramaNa saMskRtiyAM thiiN| sindhu sabhyatA kAla meM jaina paNi vyApAriyoM kA vizvavyApI cyApAra sAmrAjya thA jo hajAroM varSa taka kAyama rahA / sindhu sabhyatA ke vibhinna sthaloM se prApta saikaDoM mudrAoM ke sUkSma vizleSaNa evaM sAMskRtika nirvacana se bhI isI vastusthiti kI puSTi hotI hai| pArzvanAtha-mahAvIra yuga (800-600 IsA pUrva) meM bhArata meM 16 jaina dharma-bahula mahAjanapada vidyamAna the jinake antargata vartamAna pAkistAna kSetra, sindhu sauvIra evaM gAMdhAra bhI AtA thaa| 326 IsA pUrva meM sikandara ke AkramaNa aura jaina mahArAjA puru ke sAtha hue usake yuddhoM ke vivaraNoM evaM yUnAniyoM ke itihAsa vivaraNoM, muni kalyANa vijaya, jainAcArya daulAmasa (dhRtisena) Adi viSayaka ullekhoM se bhI isI bAta kI puSTi hotI hai| mauya samrATa candragupta, azoka, samprati

Page #86
86 videzoM meM jaina dharma Adi ke zAsana kAla meM sampUrNa bhArata tathA pAkistAna kSetra meM jaina dharma kI vyApaka prabhAvanA rhii| azoka aura samprati ne sudUradezoM meM jaina dharma kA pracAra kiyA thaa| mahAkavi kalhaNakRta rAjataraMgiNI meM kazmIra, pAkistAna kSetra evaM uttarI bhArata meM jaina saMskRti ke vyApaka prasAra ke ullekha milate haiM. Aine akabarI meM abula phajala ne likhA hai kri rAjA azoka ne jaina dharma kazmIra meM phailAyA thaa| megasthanIja, hvenasAMga Adi ke aitihAsika vivaraNoM se bhI isI bAta kI puSTi hotI hai| adhyAya 44 takSazilA janapada meM jaina dharma sampUrNa pAkistAnI kSetra meM jaina saMskRti aura sabhyatA kI sarvatra sArvabhauma prabhAvanA rahI tathA sarvatra digambara jaina muni vihAra karate the| puruSapura (pezAvara), gAMdhAra, takSazilA, siMhapura Adi jaina saMskRti ke prasiddha prabhAvanA kendra rhe| dazaratha putra bharata ke putra takSa ke nAma para sthApita takSazilA ati prAcIna kAla meM zikSA kA pramukha kendra thA tathA jaina dharma ke pracAra kA bhI mahattvapUrNa kenda rhaa| mahAmuni cANakya, prasiddha vaiyAkaraNa pANinI evaM vaidyaziromaNi jIvaka ne takSazilA meM hI zikSA-dIkSA prApta kI thii| sara jaoNna mArzala ne takSazilA kI khudAI ke AdhAra para vahAM bahuta-sI prAcIna imAratoM ke avazeSa aura lakSaNa DhUMDha nikAle haiM 36 / jaina paramparAoM se patA calatA hai ki vaha sthAna bAhubalI se sambandhita thA jo jaina dharma ke prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha ke putra the aura bAda meM ve jaina muni ho gaye the| Avazyaka niyukti 37 eva Avazyaka cUrNI 38 se patA calatA hai ki bAhubali ne takSazilA meM dharmacakra kI sthApanA kI thii| jinaprabhasUri ke vividha tIrthakalpa meM bhI bAhubalI ko takSazilA se sambandhita batAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra, prAcIna jaina paramparA se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa hI jaina zramaNoM evaM zrAvakoM ke lie yaha sthAna tIrthasthala-sA ho gayA thA. jahAM rahakara unhoMne jaina dharma evaM darzana kA anusaraNa tathA pracAra kArya kiyA /

Page #87
videzoM meM jaina dharma 87 isI prakAra, siMhapura bhI prAcIna jaina pracAra kendra ke rUpa meM vikhyAta thaa| samrATa harSavardhana ke kAla meM cInI yAtrI hvenasAMga ne yahAM kI yAtrA kI thI jisane isa sthAna para jagaha-jagaha jaina zramaNoM kA nivAsa batAyA hai.01 jaina paramparA meM siMhapura ko gyArahaveM jaina tIrthakara meyAMsanAtha kA janma sthAna batAyA gayA hai| kucha vidvAnoM kI rAya meM, jaina granthoM meM ullikhita siMhapura vArANasI ke pAsa sthita siMhapurI hai| kintu aneka vidvAna ise paMjAba kA siMhapura mAnate haiN| yahAM kI khudAI meM bahuta sI jaina mUrtiyAM milI hai jisase spaSTa hotA hai ki yaha sthAna jaina dharma kA kendra thaa| siMhapura jaina mahAtIrtha sAtavIM zatAbdI IsvI meM cIna yAtrI hvenasAMga bhArata bhramaNa karate hue siMhapura AyA thaa| elegjeDara kaniMghama ke anusAra, yaha sthAna paMjAba (pAkistAna) meM jehalama jile meM jehalama nadI ke kinAre sthita hai| vahAM eka jaina stUpa ke pAsa jaina mandira aura jaina zilAlekha bhI thA jahAM jaina zrAvaka darzanArtha Ate rahate the aura ghora tapasyA karate the| yahA para terahaveM tIrthakara vimalanAtha aura bAIsaveM tIrthakara ariSTa nemI Adi ke mandira the jinakA jinaprabha sUri ne bhI ullekha kiyA hai| yaha jaina mahAtIrtha mandira 14vIM zatAbdI taka vidyamAna thaa| isa mahA jainatIrtha kA vidhvaMsa saMbhavataH sultAna sikandara butazikana ne kiyA thaa| DaoN. vUhalara kI preraNA se DaoN. sTAina ne siMhapura ke jaina mandiroM kA patA lagAne para kaTAkSa se do mIla kI dUrI para sthita "mUrtigAMva meM khudAI se bahuta sI jaina mUrtiyAM aura jaina mandiroM tathA stUpoM ke khaNDahara prApta kie jo 26 UMToM para lAdakara lAhaura lAye gae aura vahAM ke myujiyama meM surakSita kie ge|

Page #88
88 7. 1 adhyAya 46 videzoM meM jaina dharma brahmANI mandira (brAhmI devI kA mandira) evaM jaina mahAtIrtha cambA ghATI ke kendrasthala bharamaura kI (jo kabhI gaddiyAre rAjAoM kI rAjadhAnI thA) bhaugolika khojoM se siddha hai ki vahAM se eka mIla kI UMcAI para sthita kASTha mandira meM adhiSThita siMhArUDha pratimA brahmAmaNI kI mAnI jAtI hai| Adi kAla meM isa kSetra para brahmAmaNI devI kA advitIya prabhAva thA / ata usI ke nAma para isa sthAna ko brahmapurI tathA isa bhUmi ko brahmANI (brAhmI kI bhUmi mAnA jAtA hai| yahA caurasiyA kA maidAna bhI hai jahAM caurAsI dharmo ke pratIka cihna utkIrNa haiN| AdikAla meM isa sthAna para brahmAmaNI devI kA eka vizAla mandira thA kintu kAla ke thaper3oM meM bhI usakI eka vedI akSuNNa bacI raha gaI hai jisa para puSpamaya citrakArI hai| DaoN kanighama kI dRSTi meM vaha jaina citrakArI hai| (bharamaura kA gaNeza mandira) / yaha sthAna kisI samaya zramaNa saMskRti kA pramukha kendra thA / "jaba sikandara takSazilA me AyA to usane aneka jimnosophisTa- jaina sAdhuoM ko rAvI ke taTa para paDe dekhA thaa| unakI sahanazIlatA ko usane mAnya kiyA thA aura unameM se eka ko apane sAtha le jAne kI icchA prakaTa kI thii| ina sAdhuoM meM jyeSTha the AcArya daulAmasa / avaziSTa sAdhu unake pAsa ziSyavat rahate the| unhoMne na to svayaM jAnA svIkAra kiyA aura na dUsaro ko jAne kI AjJA dI, taba sikandara unameM se eka ko le jAne meM kisI prakAra saphala ho gayA thA / usa sAdhu ke jAne ke bAda aisA lagatA hai ki rAvI ke isa pradeza meM aneka jaina sAdhu pazcima aura madhya eziyA me phailate gae aura vahA unhoMne jaina dharma kA prasAra evaM pracAra kiyaa| isa kSetra meM jaina sAdhuoM kI yaha paramparA eka lambe samaya se avicchinna rUpa se calI A rahI hai| Adi tIrthakara RSabhadeva ne vedapUrva kAla meM paMjAba aura sImAnta tathA pazcima eziyA apane dUsare putra bAhubalI

Page #89
videzoM meM jaina dharma ko diyA thaa| ve isa pradeza ke rAjA the| kalpa-sUtra ke anusAra, "bhagavAna ne apanI putrI brAhmI, jo bharata ke sAtha sahajanmA thI, bAhubalI ko dI thii| usakA adhivAsa idhara hI thaa| anta meM vaha pravrajita hokara aura sarvAyu ko bhogakara siddhaloka ko gii| 194 vastutaH brAhmI isa pradeza kI mahArAjJI thI / anta meM, vaha sAdhvI pramukha bhI banI aura usane tapa kiyaa| vaha lokapriya huI aura Age calakara usakI smRti meM janasAdhAraNa ne bhAratIya janamAnasa kI zraddhA svarUpa usake nAma para kabhI eka vizAla mandira kA nirmANa kiyaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kAla ke antarAla meM anya dharmAvalambiyoM ne use vinaSTa kara apanI naI sthApanAyeM kI hoM tathA vedI apanI sundaratA ke kAraNa baca gaI ho aura usa para gaNezajI kI mUrti virAjamAna kara dI gaI ho| aisA bhArata ke anya aneka sthAnoM para bhI huA hai| 89 mohana-jo-daDo Adi kI khudAiyoM meM jo anekAneka sIleM prApta huI hai, una para nagna digambara mudrA me yogI aMkita hai, uname nAbhirAya, RSabha, bharata. bAhubalI (bela caDhA huA aMkana) Adi sabhI ke tathA vividha prasaMgoM ke aMkana hai| ve saba zAzvata jaina paramparA ke dyotaka haiN| mohanajodaDo, haDappA. - - kAlIbaMgA Adi do sau se adhika sthAnoM ke utkhanana se jo sIleM, mUrtiyAM evaM anya purAtAtvika sAmagrI prApta huI hai. saba zAzvata jaina paramparA kI dyotaka hai| sIlo para nagna digambara mudrA meM yogI akita hai, uname RSabha, bharata, bAhubali Adi sabhI ke aMkana tathA susamRddha vizvavyApI jaina paramparA se sambaddha vividha prasaMgoM evaM laukika-AdhyAtmika avasaro ke aMkana hai| unameM se eka sIla para mahAtapasvI bAhubali kA citra bhI hai, eka aisA mahAtapasvI tapa karate hue jisa para beleM pauDa gaI thiiN| ukta sIla para yaha bela car3hA huA citra hI aMkita hai| mohana-jo-daDo se utkhanita sAmagrI meM nAmirAja kI eka mUrti bhI prApta huI hai jisakA rAjamukuTa utarA huA hai| anumAna hai ki nAbhirAja dvArA RSabhadeva ke sara para rAjamAnAGka pahanAne ke bAda kA yaha citra hai / AcArya jinasena ne bhI aise hI eka citra kI kAvyAtmaka prastuti kI hai| 95 ( AcArya jinasena Adi purANa, 16 / 232 ) 1

Page #90
90 videzoM meM jaina dharma kazvapameru (kazmIra janapada) meM jaina dharma kavi kalhaNakRta rAjataraMgiNI ke anusAra, kazmIra-aphagAnistAna kA rAjA satyapratijJa azoka jaina thA jisane aura jisake putroM ne aneka jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa karAyA tathA jaina dharma kA vyApaka pracAra kiyA, jinakA kAla pArzvanAtha se pUrva kA hai| maurya samrATa azoka (273-236 IsA pUrva) jaina thA tathA bAda meM usane bauddha dharma grahaNa kara liyA thaa| Aine-akabarI ke anusAra, azoka ne kazmIra meM jaina dharma kA pracAra-prasAra kiyA thaa| isa bAta kI puSTi kalhaNakRta rajataraMgiNI se bhI hotI hai| pAkistAna meM jaina dharma sindha kA itihAsa bahuta prAcIna hai tathA pichale hajAroM varSoM se isa kSetra meM jainadharma kA vyApaka pracAra-prasAra rhaa| eka samaya thA jaba sindha kI sImA ke antargata aphagAnistAna, bilocistAna, pazcimottara sarahadI sUbA. paMjAba (pAkistAna) kA uttarI bhAga, bhAvalapura, jaisalamera Adi samAhita the| gAMdhAra, pazcimottara kazmIra, takSazilA, pezAvara Adi bhI isameM sammilita the jo saba ati vizAla sindhu-sauvIra janapada ke aMgabhUta the| paMjAba kA ., dakSiNI bhAga sauvIra kahA jAtA thaa| mArzala ke anusAra, takSazilA meM aneka jaina stUpa vidyamAna the| tIrthakara RSabhadeva ne takSazilA meM vihAra kiyA thaa| huenasAMga ne likhA hai ki siMhapura (jehalama) sthita eka jaina stUpa meM jainI upAsanA karate the| takSazilA meM prApta smArakoM meM do siroM vAle bAz2a (cepts) pakSI ke cinha vAle jaina mandira mile haiM jinase jJAta hotA hai ki pazcimottara sImA prAnta meM prAcIna kAla se jaina dharma kA vyApaka prasAra thaa| bAja pakSI caudahaveM jaina

Page #91
91 videzoM meM jaina dharma tIrthakara anantanAtha kA lAMchana (cinha) thA, isase mArzala ke anusAra pramANita hotA hai ki ye mandira jaina mandira the| sindhu sauvIra janapadoM meM jaina dharma samrAT samprati maurya ke samaya meM bhArata meM paccIsa se adhika janapada vidyamAna the jahAM nirantara jaina sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kA vihAra hotA rahatA thaa| sindhu-sauvIra kI rAjadhAnI vItabhayapattana thI jo sindhu nadI ke taTa para sthita mahAnagara thii| gAMdhAra kI rAjadhAnI takSazilA (pezAvara) thii| kazmIra usa samaya gAMdhAra kA hI eka bhAga thA jo saba tatkAlIna sindhu deza meM hI samAhita the| ina saba kSetroM meM jaina dharmI janatA vidyamAna thii| kekaya janapada, jehalama, zAhapura aura gujarAta (paMjAba kA eka jilA). pAMcAla, zvetaMbikA, sAvatthI (syAlakoTa), kAMpilya Adi meM jaina dharma kA vyApaka prasAra thaa| yahA kA rAjA udAyaNa thA aura rAnI prabhAvatI thI, jo bhagavAna mahAvIra meM mAmA gaNatantra nAyaka mahArAjA ceTaka kI sabase bar3I putrI thii| vItamayapattana vyApAra kA bahuta bar3A kendra thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra 17vAM caumAsA rAjagRhI meM karake campApurI Aye aura yahAM se vihAra karate hue indrabhUti gautama Adi sAdhu-samudAya ke sAtha vikramapUrva 496-95 meM 47 varSa kI Ayu meM sindhu-sauvIra kI rAjadhAnI vItamayapattana meM paMdhAre (bRhatkalpasUtra, vibhAga 2, gAthA 997-999) aura rAjA udAyana ko dIkSA dii|100. bhUkhanana se aneka sthAnoM se tIrthaMkara pratimAyeM samaya-samaya para prApta hotI haiN| aisI eka dhAtu kI khaDmAsana pratimA akoTA se prApta huI thI jo baDaudA myUjiyama meM surakSita hai|

Page #92
92 videzoM meM jaina dharma adhyAya 50 mohana-jodar3o janapada meM jaina dharma mohana jodar3o meM purAtattva vibhAga dvArA karAye gaye utkhanana se prabhUta purAtatva sAmagrI milI hai jisane bhAratIya itihAsa para sabase adhika prabhAva DAlA hai (suprasiddha itihAsakAra prophesAra bhairomala)| vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki yaha sthAna prAcIna kAla kA vItabhayapattana hai| isakI zodha-khoja ne to bhAratIya saMskRti. vizeSatayA jaina saMskRti kI prAcInatA ko pUrNatayA sthApita kara diyA hai| isakA vistRta vivaraNa isI pustaka me anyantra bhI dRSTavya hai| adhyAya 51 har3appA parikSetra meM jaina dharma isake atirikta sakkarajodar3o, kAhUjodaDo, haDappA, kAlIbaMgA Adi kI khudAiyoM se bhI mahattvapUrNa jaina purAtattva sAmagrI prApta huI hai jisameM bar3I sakhyA me jaina mUrtiyAM, prAcIna sikke, baratana Adi vizeSa jJAtavya haiN| yaha sabhyatA 3000 IsA pUrva aura usase pahale kI mAnI jAtI hai| adhyAya 52 kAlIbaMgA parikSetra meM jaina dharma utkhanana se yaha bAta pUrNatayA spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki prAgaitihAsika yuga meM bhI jaina dharma kA pracAra-prasAra uttara-pazcima bhArata meM rahA thaa| yahAM se upalabdha jaina mUrtiyAM IsA pUrva 3000 kI hai| purAtana lipi meM vIra nirvANa

Page #93
videzoM meM jaina dharma saMvat 84 kA sabase prAcIna zilAlekha milA hai| Aja gaur3I jI pArzvanAtha 102 ke nAma se jo tIrtha prasiddha hai vaha mUlataH sindha meM hI thA aura pAkistAna banane se pahale taka vidyamAna thaa| prAcIna tIrthamAlA meM bhI gaur3I jI pArzvanAtha kA mukhya sthAna sindha hI kahA hai| sAptAhika samAcAra patra dharmayuga, Adi meM janavarI- maI 1972 meM ina nagaroM ke jaina mandira ke citra chape the| teIsaveM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha evaM caubIsaveM tIrthakara mahAvIra kA vihAra sindhu-sauvIra ke vItamayapattana Adi meM huA thaa| 93 jaina muniyoM aura jaina AcAryoM ke maMgala vihAra nirantara ina kSetroM meM sadaiva hote rhe| lagabhaga cAra sau vikrama pUrva meM zrI yakSadeva sUri kA sindha meM vihAra aura ziva nagara me caumAsA huA thaa| unhoMne isa janapada meM aneka jaina mandiroM kI pratiSThAye bhI karAI thiiN| kakka sUri bhI isa kSetra ke atiprabhAvaka AcArya the| zrI kAlikAcArya ne siMdha, paMjAba, IrAna Adi meM maMgala vihAra kiye the| isa sampUrNa kSetra meM jaina dharma kI mahatI prabhAvanA 1 thii| AcArya kakka sUri tRtIya ne lohAkoTa (lAhaura) meM vikramI saMvat 157 se 174 taka cAturmAsa kiyaa| isa yuga pramukha AcAryoM ke maMgala vihAro. cAturmAso Adi se yahAM jaina dharma kI mahatI prabhAvanA hotI rahI / paMjAba meM lAhaura, multAna, Adi meM jaina dharma kA baDA pracAra thA aura sthAna-sthAna para jaina zrAvaka aura vyApArI base hue the aura sarvatra jaina mandira vidyamAna the| jaina matrI vastupAla aura tejapAla ne vikrama kI terahavIM zatAbdI meM mUla sthAna (mulatAna) ke sUrya mandira kA svadravya se jIrNoddhAra karAyA thaa| yahAM para aneka jaina mandira (digambara evaM zvetAmbara) vidyamAna the| paMjAba ke sarahadI sUbe meM bannU, kohATa, latambara, kAlAbAga Adi meM bar3I sakhyA meM jaina parivAra AbAda the jinakA kAma vyApAra-vyavasAya thA / yahA yaMtiyo kA gamanAgamana nirantara banA rhaa| ina zaharoM meM jainiyoM ke alaga mohalle rahe haiN| unhIM meM unake mandira aura upAzraya rahe haiN| latambara, kAlAbAga meM jaina pratiSThAoM ke ullekha milate hai| kohATa aura bannU meM aura DerA gAjI khAM, DerA ismAila khAM, gujarAMvAlA Adi meM jaina zrAvaka aura vyApArI vidyamAna the| pAkistAna banane se pahale gujarAMvAlA meM

Page #94
94 videzoM meM jaina dharma lagabhaga 300 jaina parivAra AbAda the| sarahiMda meM cakrezvarI devI kA jaina mandira thA jise yahAM kuladevI mAnA jAtA thaa| isa prakAra, pAkistAna ke paMjAba ke prAyaH pratyeka nagara, kasbe gAMvoM Adi meM jaina zrAvaka aura vyApArI rahe haiM jinake mandira evaM anya jaina saMsthAyeM skUla.. kAleja Adi rahI haiN| yahAM samaya-samaya prabhUta jaina sAhitya kI racanA bhI hotI rahI hai| vastutaH pAkistAna banane se pahale gujarAMvAlA meM dasa jaina mandira aura upAzraya, aneka jaina dharmazAlAyeM, pAThazAlAyeM gurukula, ArAmagAheM. samAdhisthala, sthAnaka Adi the| isI prakAra, papanAkhA meM tIna jaina mandira, upAzraya, samAdhisthala Adi the| kilA dIdAra siMha meM eka mandira, rAma nagara meM eka mandira aura eka upAzraya, meharA (jilA saragodhA ) candraprabhu jaina mandira, piMDadAdanakhA (jilA jehalama) meM do mandira khAnakAhaDogarA (jilA zekhapurA ) meM eka mandira aura eka upAzraya the| syAlakoTa nagara (jilA syAlakoTa ) me zAzvata jina mandira, sthAnakavAsiyoM kA sthAnaka aura amIcaMda kA upAzraya thA / syAlakoTa chAvanI meM eka jaina mandira, kilA zobhA siMha meM eka mandira, nArovAla meM eka mandira, eka upAzraya aura eka jaina dharmazAlA thii| sanakhatarA meM eka jaina mandira aura eka upAzraya thaa| isI prakAra rAvalapiMDI meM eka mandira thaa| jilA lAhaura meM lAhaura nagara meM tIna jaina mandira, eka jaina upAzraya aura eka jaina 'hosTala thA / isI prakAra kasUra me eka mandira aura do upAzraya the| multAna nagara do jaina mandira, do upAzraya, eka jaina dAdAvADI. eka jaina dharmazAlA aura eka jaina pAThazAlA thI / siMdha pradeza meM, ThAlA me eka mandira aura eka dAdAvADI the| gauDI pArzvanAtha gAMva meM do mandira the| nagara daTThA meM eka mandira, haidarAbAda (siMdha) meM eka mandira, DerAgAjI khAM meM eka jaina mandira aura eka jaina upAzraya the| karAMcI siMdha kI rAjadhAnI thI aura bandaragAha tathA vyApAra kA aMcchA kendra thaa| san 1840 meM yahAM mAravAr3I, kacchI, gujarAtI, paMjAbI aura kAThiyAvAr3I lagabhaga 4000 jaina AbAda the| yahAM do jaina mandira, eka upAzraya, eka sthAnaka, eka jaina dhArmika kanyA pAThazAlA tathA eka *

Page #95
videzoM meM jaina dharma 95 lar3akoM kI jaina pAThazAlA. pustakAlaya-vAcanAlaya, piMjarApola. vyAyAmazAlA Adi the| pazcimottara prAnta (sarahadI sUke) meM, kAlAbAga meM, eka mandira aura eka upAzraya tathA bannU meM eka jaina mandira, eka jaina upAzraya, aura aneka jaina dAdAvAr3iyAM haiN| paMjAba aura sindha meM laukAgacchIya batiyoM ke mandiroM aura upAzrayoM meM zrI jinakuzala sUri kI caraNapAdukAyeM bhI sthApita haiN| avAba 53 gAMdhAra aura puSTa janapada meM jaina dharma isa janapada meM jaina dharma kA vyApaka pracAra prasAra rahA hai| jaina zAstroM meM isa janapada kA nAma bahalI bhI AyA hai| bauddha graMthoM meM gAMdhAra deza kA vizeSa ullekha milatA hai| sindhu nadI se kAbula nadI taka kA kSetra, multAna aura pezAvara gAMdhAra maNDala meM sammilita the| pazcimI paMjAba aura pUrvI aphagAnistAna bhI isameM sammilita the| yaha uttarApatha kA prathama janapada thaa| prAcIna kAla meM RSabhadeva ke dvitIya putra bAhubalI ke rAjyakAla meM isa janapada kI rAjadhAnI takSazilA thI. jisake khaNDahara pAkistAna kI rAjadhAnI islAmAbAda kI uttara dizA meM bIsa mIla kI dUrI para vidyamAna haiN| gAMdhAra meM RSabha putra bAhubalI kA rAjya hone se isa janapada kA nAma bahalI bhI thaa| mahAvIra ke samaya me puNDra janapada kA jaina rAjA "namgati' thA104 jisakI rAjadhAnI puNDrayardhana thii| isakA varNana jainAgama usasadhyayana sUtra, bhagavatI sUtra aura samarAicca kahA05 meM bhI AyA hai| zAkammarI takSazilA kA hI dUsarA nAma hai| isake anya nAma haiM TeksilA, kuNAladeza, gaz2anI, zAha kI DerI, dharmacaka bhUmikA aura chedI mstk| samrATa samprati maurya ne apane andha-pitA kuNAla ke nivAsa ke lie takSazilA meM vyavasthA kI thii| vahAM samprati ne kumAla kI dharmopAsanA ke lie eka jaina stUpa kA nirmANa bhI karAyA thaa| yahAM kuNAla ke nivAsa karane ke kAraNa isakA nAma kumAla deza paadd'aa| 'prAcIna kAla meM grAmsadeva ke padhArane para bAhubalI ne yahAM vizva ke

Page #96
96 videzoM meM jaina dharma sarvaprathama dharmacakra tIrtha kI sthApanA kI thii| prAcIna kAla meM takSazilA ati prasiddha aura jaina saMskRti kA mahattvapUrNa kendra rahA hai| RSabhadeva ne apane dvitIya putra bAhubalI ko takSazilA kA rAjya diyA thaa| bhAratIya itihAsa ke mauryakAla meM samrATa samprati ke samaya meM jainAcArya Arya suhasti. unake ziSya paTTadhara jainAcArya Arya susthita va Arya supratibaddha aura inake ziSya Arya indradinna vidyamAna the| samrAT samprati kA rAjyAbhiSeka IsA pUrva san 283 me huA thaa| isane 54 varSa rAjya kiyaa| gAMdhAra janapada meM vihAra karane vAle jaina zramaNa-zramaNiyAM gAMdhArA gaccha ke nAma se vikhyAta the| sampUrNa janapada jaina dharma bahula janapada thaa| takSazilA dhvaMsa kara die jAne ke pazcAt isake nikaTastha nagara "ucca nagara" ne isakA sthAna le liyA gayA thA jo sindhu nadI ke taTa para sthita prasiddha nagara thaa| cInI bauddha yAtrI phAhiyAna san 400 IsavIM me bhArata AyA thaa| vaha takSazilA se 16 mIla para sthita hIlo nagara gayA thaa| vaha uccakSetra kI rAjadhAnI thii| ucca nagara siMdhu nadI ke taTa para sthita thaa| prAcIna kAla me takSazilA me eka vizvavidyAlaya bhI thA, jahAM aneka saMsAra-prasiddha AcArya zikSA dete the aura baDI dUra-dUra se tathA videzoM se vidyArthI yahAM Akara zikSA prApta karane meM apanA gaurava samajhate the| bauddha jAtaka sAhitya me isa vizvavidyAlaya kA vistRta vivaraNa milatA hai, jisase jJAta hotA hai ki deza aura videzo ke rAjapuruSa aura rAjakumAra bhI yahAM zikSA prApta karate the| takSazilA pAkistAna meM rAvalapiNDI se 20 mIla kI dUrI para sthita thA, jahAM se sIdhe madhya eziyA aura pazcima eziyA ke lie saDaka mArga the| inhIM se madhya eziyA aura pazcima eziyA aura bhArata ke bIca. prAcIna kAla meM antarrASTrIya vyApAra hotA thaa| dvitIya zatAbdI meM hue grIka itihAsakAra spina ne bhArata aura sikandara ke sambandhoM para vistAra se likhA hai| usake anusAra, sikandara ke samaya meM takSazilA bahuta bar3A aura aizvaryazAlI nagara thA tathA vizAla antarrASTrIya vyApAra kendra thaa| sAtavIM zatAbdI me Aye cInI bauddha yAtrI huenasAMga ne bhI takSazilA kI samRddhi para vistAra se likhA hai| takSazilA maurya kAla se pUrva basA huA thA jo dvitIya zatAbdI IsA pUrva meM ujar3a gayA aura bAda meM grIka logoM ne use sirakapa

Page #97
videzoM meM jaina dharma 97 ke nAma se vahIM para basAyA jise hUNoM ne pAcavIM zatAbdI IsavIM meM dhvasta kara diyA / anta me mahamUda gajanavI ke AkramaNa ke bAda use sadA ke lie samApta kara diyA gyaa| ___ san 323 IsA pUrva me, sikandara kI mRtyu ke pazcAt samrATa candragupta maurya ne grIko ko paMjAba se bAhara nikAla diyA aura takSazilA tathA paMjAba ke anya rAjyoM ke sAtha usako apane rAjya meM milA liyaa| bAda meM takSazilA gAdhAra ke nAma se bhI prasiddha huaa| adhyAya 54 himAdri kukSI janapada (kazmIra) meM jaina dharma ati prAcIna kAla se himAdrikukSI, satisara (kazmIra) janapada meM jaina dharma kI vidyamAnatA ke pramANa upalabdha hai| yahAM zatrujayAvatAra jaina tIrtha, vimalArdi jaina mahA tIrtha, vimalAcala tIrtha Adi vi'va prasiddha jaina mahAtIrtha vidyamAna rahe hai| kavi kalhaNa ne apane kazmIra itihAsa graMtha rAjataragiNI meM likhA hai ki rAjA zakuni kA prapautra satyapratijJa azoka mahAna san 1445 IsA pUrva me kazmIra ke rAjasiMhAsana para baiThA aura usane jaina dharma (jinazAsana) ko svIkAra kiyaa| kavi kalhaNa ke anusAra, kazmIra ke jaina samrATa satyapratijJa azoka mahAna kA samaya bAisaveM jaina tIrthakara ariSTanemi aura 23veM jaina tIrthakara pArzvanAtha ke madhya kA hai| 106 kalhaNa ne rAjataraMgiNI meM likhA hai ki kazmIra ke jaina samrATa satyapratijJa azoka mahAna ne zuSkanetra tathA vitastAtrapura nAmaka jaina tIrtha nagaroM ko jaina stUpa maNDaloM (stUpa samUhoM) se AcchAdita kara diyA thaa| usane aneka jaina mandiroM tathA nagaroM kA bhI nirmANa kiyA thaa| usane vitastAtrapura ke dhamariNya vihAra meM itanA UMcA jaina mandira banavAyA thA jisakI UMcAI dekhane meM AMkheM asamartha ho jAtI thIM107 1 kazmIra samrATa satyapratijJa azoka mahAna ne kazmIra meM "azokezvara" nAmaka vizAla jaina mandira kA nirmANa bhI karAyA thA jisameM jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI svarNamayI pratimAyeM bar3I saMkhyA meM vidyamAna thiiN|108

Page #98
98 . videzoM meM jaina dharma itihAsakAra musalamAna hasana ne likhA hai ki azoka IsA pUrva 1445 meM kazmIra ke rAjasiMhAsana para AruDha huaa| usane jaina dharma aMgIkAra kiyaa| usa dharma ke pracAra aura prasAra ke lie usane prANapaNa se prayAsa kiyaa| kasabA bijabAraha me kazmIra samrATa satyapratijJa azoka mahAna ne jaina dharma ke bahuta hI AlIzAna aura majabUta mandira bnvaaye| bAbU harizcandra ne apanI itihAsa pustaka "itihAsa samuccaya' meM likhA hai ki kazmIra ke rAjavaMza me 47vAM rAjya azoka kA huaa| usane 62 varSa rAja kiyaa| zrInagara isI ne basAyA aura jainamata kA pracAra kiyaa| isake samaya me zrInagara kI AbAdI chaha lAkha thii| isakA sattAkAla 1384 IsA pUrva hai jo isakI mRtyu kA samaya pratIta hotA hai|109 rAjA jalauka-kazmIra samrATa satyapratijJa azoka mahAna kI mRtyu ke pazcAt usakA putra (48vA zAsaka) jalauka himAdri kukSI (kazmIra) kI rAjagaddI para baitthaa| vaha bhI apane pitA ke samAna dRDha jainadharmI thaa| isane apane rAjya meM jaina dharma ke pracAra aura prasAra ke lie bahuta kArya kiyaa| usane jaina dharma ke prasAra ke lie rAjya bhara me aneka jaina mandiro kA nirmANa kiyA aura jaina dharma kA vyApaka pracAra kiyaa| - isake bAda ke isa vaMza me rAjA jaineha aura lalitAditya bhI dRr3ha jaina dharmI the aura unhoMne jaina dharma ko puSTa kiyaa| lalitAditya kA kAla vahI hai jo mahAvIra aura buddha kA thA tathA usane vizAla caityoM (jaina mandiroM) evaM vizAla jina mUrtiyoM se yukta rAja vihAra kA nirmANa karAyA jisa kArya me caurAsI hajAra tole sone kA upayoga kiyA gayA thaa| sAtha hI, usane Uce jaina stupa kA nirmANa karavA kara usa para garuDa kI sthApanA kii| 2.6 prathama jaina tIrthakara RSabhadeva kI zAsana devI cakrezvarI kI savArI11 . rAjA lalitAditya ke Adeza se usake tukhAra nivAsI caDyuNa nAmaka :nuyAyI matrI bAra (himAdri kukSI-kazmIra) me jaina mandira yA thA jise cava , vihAra kahA jAtA hai| usane caDkula meM apane / mIra narezAditya ke lie, unakI icchAnukUla eka unnata . 5 kA nimaHyA thA ! so usane jinendra kI svarNamayI + - . za raya nAyI thaa|

Page #99
videzoM meM jaina dharma 99 vaha lAdeza kA bhANDalika rAjA bhI thaa| usane kayya svAmI kA eka udbhuta jaina mandira banavAyA thaa|3|| tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA vihAra bhI himAdri kumI (kazmIra) taka huA thA / mahAvIra kA vihAra bhI himAdri kukSI (kazmIra) meM huA thA 51 zrI mAla purANa (adhyAya 73; zloka 27.30) meM likhA hai ki mahAvIra dIkSA lekara bahuta kAla taka nirAhAra rahakara tapa karate rahe jisa mahAugratapa se sarvatra jaina dharma kI prabhAvanA bddhii| jaba mahAvIra kA kazmIra meM vihAra huA taba vahAM bhI jaina dharma kA vizeSa prasAra huaa| kazmIra nareza satyapratijJa azoka mahAn kA samaya tIrthakara pArzvanAtha ke pUrva kA arthAt san 1445 IsA pUrva kA hai tathA samrATa candragupta maurya ke pautra samrATa azoka maurya ke rAjyArur3ha hone kA samaya IsA pUrva 274 kA hai| isa azoka maurya kI mRtyu IsA pUrva 232 meM huii| ina donoM azokoM ke rAjyArohaNa ke samaya meM 1171 varSoM kA antara hai arthAta 12 zatAbdiyoM kA antara hai| kucha itihAsakAroM ne bhramavaza donoM azokoM ko eka mAnane kI bhI galatI kI hai| adhyAya 55 baMgalAdeza evaM parivartI kSetroM meM jaina dharma prAgvaidika aura prAgAryakAla se hI zeSa bhArata kI hI bhAMti baMgalAdeza aura usake parivartI sampUrNa pUrvI kSetra aura kAmarUpa janapada meM jaina saMskRti kA vyApaka pracAra-prasAra rahA hai jisake pracura saMketa sampUrNa vaidika aura paravartI sAhitya me upalabdha hai| AryoM se parAsta hone ke pazcAt jainadharmI zramaNa, vartamAna magadhoM ke pUrvaja aura dravir3a varga pUrvI kSetroM kI ora simaTa gae jahAM sampUrNa kSetra meM unake anekAneka janapada AgAmI hajAroM varSoM taka phalate-phUlate rahe / pArzvanAtha-mahAvIra yuga (800-600 IsA pUrva) meM bhArata meM 16 mahAjanapada vidyamAna the jinameM se aneka mahAjanapadoM kA vistAra pUrvI kSetroM. pradezoM eva vartamAna baMgalAdeza taka thaa| ye sabhI mahAjanapada jaina saMskRti ke kendra

Page #100
videzoM meM jaina dharma 100 the tathA inakA ullekha isI pustaka meM anyatra pahale kiyA jA cukA hai| isa sampUrNa parikSetra meM zramaNa saMskRti kI vyApaka prabhAvanA rhii| pArzvanAtha, mahAvIra, buddha Adi kI vihArabhUmi hone tathA saikaDoM vihAroM ke yahAM para vidyamAna hone ke kAraNa isake eka pradeza kA nAma "vihAra" hI par3a gyaa| mahAvIra kI vyApaka aura apUrva prabhAvanA svarUpa unake nAma para aneka prakSetro ke nAma bhI vardhamAna, mAnabhUma vIrabhUma siMhabhUma Adi par3a gye| pArzva - mahAvIra yuga meM sampUrNa kAmarUpa pradeza (baMgalAdeza ). pUrvI kSetra. bagAla Adi meM jaina saMskRti kI vyApaka prabhAvanA vidyamAna rhii| usa yuga meM isa sampUrNa kSetra meM nivasita jaina dharmAnuyAyI "zrAvaka" kahalAte the jo Aja bhI isa kSetra me "sarAka" ke nAma se jAne jAte haiM, 43 aura Aja unakI janasakhyA lagabhaga 15 lAkha hai jo bagalAbhASI kSetra, bihAra, choTA nAgapura, sathAla kSetra aura ur3IsA meM phailI huI hai| unhoMne isa kSetra me hajAro jaina mandira banavAye aura jaina tIrthaMkaro, gaNadharoM, nirgandhoM Adi kI hajAro mUrtiyA sthApita karAI jo Aja bhI isa kSetra meM vyApakatA se upalabdha hotI hai| Aja bhI sampUrNa sarAka jAti pUrNatayA ahiMsAvAdI evaM zAkAharI hai| 44 ve dina meM bhojana karate haiN| RSabhadeva, Adideva, pArzvanAtha Adi unake kula devatA haiN| 1023 IsvIM meM jaba colanareza rAjendra deva ne bagAla nareza mahIpAla para AkramaNa kiyA taba cola senA ne Ate-jAte samaya dhArmika dveSavaza sarAka jaina mandiro ko dhvasa kara diyaa| isake bAda pANDya nareza ne liMgAyata zaiva sampradAya ke unmAda me sarAko ke jaina dharmAyatano kA vinAza kiyA aura sarAkoM ko dharmaparivartana karane para bAdhya kiyaa| sarAko ke vyApAra-dhandhe naSTa kara diye gae aura samaya-samaya para haz2AroM nirIha sarAko kA vadha kara diyA gyaa| Aja bhI isa kSetra meM sarvatra sarAkoM ke bahumUlya jaina mandira, kalApUrNa mUrtiyAM aura anya vipula jaina kalA kRtiyAM vidyamAna hai| ina mandiro me RSabhadeva, pArzvanAtha, mahAvIra evaM anya sabhI tIrthaMkaroM, dharaNendra, padmAvatI Adi kI manojJa mUrtiyA virAjamAna hai| vastutaH sampUrNa baMgalAbhUmi pArzvanAtha, mahAvIra evaM anya aneka tIrthaMkaroM kI vihAra bhUmi rahI hai| baMgalAdeza aura parivartI kSetra meM jaina dharma kI mahatI prabhAvanA mahAvIra pUrva kAla se hI rahI hai| sarvatra aneka jaina bastiyAM aura tIrtha kSetra vidyamAna

Page #101
videzoM meM jaina dharma 101 the| guptakAla meM yahAM aneka vizAla jaina vihAra hone ke pramANa milate haiN| cInI yAtrI huenasAMga ne jaba chaThI zatI meM isa parikSetra meM bhramaNa kiyA thA to usane yahAM anekAneka jaina mandira, jaina bastiyAM evaM nirgratha jaina muniyoM ko yahAM maMgala vihAra karate dekhA thA / vIrabhUma vardhamAna, siMhabhUma, mAnabhUma Adi jo parikSetrIya nAma yahAM milate haiM ve mahAvIra ke anukaraNamUlaka nAma haiM jo jaina dharma kA vyApaka prabhAva honA darzita karate haiN| isa sampUrNa kSetra meM sarvatra hajAroM prAcIna jaina pratimAyeM, jaina tIrthoM ke khaNDahara aura ujar3I huI jaina bastiyAM isa bAta ke pramANa haiM ki yahAM kitanA vipula jaina purAtAttvika vaibhava rahA hai| yahAM Aja bhI jaina sarAkoM (zrAvako) kI lAkhoM janasaMkhyA vidyamAna hai aura sarvatra unake jaina devAlaya maujUda haiN| jaina tIrthaMkaroM RSabhadeva, pArzvanAtha, mahAvIra Adi kI hajAroM pratimAyeM to itara dharmiyoM dvArA bhairava Adi devatAoM ke nAma se pUjI jA rahI hai / 10 Aja isa kAmarUpa pradeza meM jisameM bihAra, uDIsA aura baMgAla bhI Ate the, sarvatra gAMva-gAMva, jilo-jilo meM prAcIna sarAka jaina saMskRti kI vyApaka zodha-khoja ho rahI hai aura nae-nae tathya udghATita ho rahe haiN| bihAra meM jhArakhaNDa kI sthApanA ke bAda, yahA kA aura mithilA Adi kA sarAka zodha kArya vyavasthita ho jAne kI AzA hai| * pahADapura ( jilA rAjazAhI) (baMgalAdeza) meM upalabdha 478 IsvI ke tAmrapatra ke anusAra, pahADapura meM eka jaina vihAra (mandira) thA, jisameM 5000 jaina muni dhyAna adhyayana karate the aura jisake dhvaMsAvazeSa cAroM ora bikhare par3e haiN| prAcIna kAla meM vaha vaTagohAlI grAma meM sthita paMcastUpAnvaya ke nirgrantha zramaNAcArya guhanandi kA jaina vihAra kahalAtA thA / eka hajAra varga gaja ke parakATe meM cAroM aura 175 se bhI adhika guhAkAra prakoSTha the tathA unake madhya svastika ke AkAra kA tIna maMjilA sarvatobhadra jaina mandira thaa| isa paMcastUpAnvaya kI sthApanA pauNDravardhana nivAsI AcArya arhadabalI ne kI thI / "pauNDravardhana" aura usake samIpastha "koTivarSa donoM hI prAcInakAla meM jaina dharma ke pramukha kendra the| pauNDrakdhana rAjanaitika dRSTi se bar3A mahattvapUrNa thA, jahAM maurya aura guptakAla meM uparika (gavarnara) rahatA thA / zrutakevalI bhadravAhu aura AcArya arhadabalI donoM hI AcArya isI nagara ke nivAsI the|

Page #102
102 videzoM meM jaina dharma .yaTagohAlI vihAra kI khyAti jaina vidyA kendra ke rUpa meM bhI thI jahAM aneka digambara muni rahakara dhyAna-adhyayana kiyA karate the tathA hajAroM yAtrI unake darzanoM aura unakA upadeza sunane ke lie AyA karate the, tathA hajAroM chAtra vidyAdhyayana ke lie Ate the| isa vihAra kI khyAti jaina vizva vidyAkaMndra ke rUpa meM guptakAla taka rhii| bAda meM baMgAla ke dharmAndha hindU rAjA zaMzAka ne vaTagohAlI jaina vihAra ko burI taraha kSati pahuMcAI aura isa para brAhmaNoM kA adhikAra ho gyaa| bAda meM kaTTara bauddha pAlavaMzI nareza dharmapAla ne 770 IsavIM meM vaTagohAlI jaina vihAra para adhikAra karake use samIpastha somapura sthita vizAla bauddha vihAra meM sammilita kara liyaa| tadanantara muslima zAsakoM ne use naSTabhraSTa kara diyaa| vaTagohAlI (Adhunika pahADapura) se prApta yaha uparyukta tAmrapatra aitihAsika dRDiTa se atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai tathA usase lagabhaga sAta sau varSoM taka vibhinna rUpoM me vizvabhara meM prasiddha vaTagohAlI jaina vihAra ke sambandha me prakAza par3atA hai| bagalAdeza ke pahADapura se gupta savat 159 (478-79 I) kA jahA jaina abhilekha prApta huA hai, vaha sthAna baMgalAdeza ke rAjazAhI jile meM sthita hai| isa abhilekha se isa sthAna para tIrthakaroM kI saikaDo pratimAoM kI pratiSThApanA kI bAta siddha hotI hai| vizvayAtrI yuvAna cvAga jaba bagalAdeza se hokara bhramaNa kara rahA thA usa samaya bagAla ke vibhinna bhAgo me nirgrantha jaina sampradAya ke sAdhuoM kA sarvatra vihAra hotA thA aura sabhI sthAnoM para jaina zrAvako kA nivAsa thA46 | bagAla kSetra meM jaina dharma ke pracAra ke saketa Age calakara 9vIM zatAbdI meM likhe gaye jaina grantha kathAkoSa se prApta hote haiN| isameM ullekha haiM ki jaina AcArya bhadrabAhu uttarI baMgAla ke devakoTa (koTivarSa) me paidA hue the471 isI prakAra. bagAla ke vibhinna bhAgAM kI khudAI se bhI 9vI-10vI zatAbdI ke bahuta se jaina abhilekha evaM mUrtiyAM Adi prApta hue haiN| isase patA calatA hai ki bhArata ke anya bhAgoM kI hI bhAti baMgAla evaM baMgalAdeza kSetra meM bhI jainadharma kI vibhinna zAkhAye apane dharma evaM saMgha kA pracAra-prasAra kara rahI thiiN| baMgalAdeza meM rAjazAhI ke pAsa surohara nAmaka sthAna se jainadharma ke prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha kI eka sabase prAcIna pratimA prApta huI hai jo

Page #103
videzoM meM jaina dharma 103 rAjazAhI ke saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita hai| RSabhanAtha kI dUsarI pratimA rAjazAhI ke maMdoila nAma sthAna se prApta huI hai| yaha pratimA kAyotsarga mudrA meM atyanta sundara DhaMga se nirmita kI gaI hai| isI prakAra, baMgalA kSetra ke puruliyA, bAMkurA evaM midanApura jilo ke vibhinna sthAnoM se jaina tIrthakaroM kI pratimAyeM prApta huI haiM jinake pArzva meM aneka devI-devatAoM kI mUrtiyA bhI banI haiM 48 / ye sabhI sAkSya bAgalA deza evaM pazcimI baMgAla meM jaina dharma ke vyApaka pracAra ke pracura pramANa prastuta karate haiN| isa sambandha meM DaoN. bhaNDArakara kA vicAra hai ki jaba bihAra evaM kozala kSetroM meM gautama buddha ne apane pracAra ke mAdhyama se bauddha dharma kA pramukha kSetra banA liyA to mahAvIra svAmI ne baMgAla ko hI sarvaprathama apanA pracAra kendra cunA thA / pariNAmataH jaina dharma bagAla evaM usake AsapAsa ke kSetro me atyadhika lokapriya ho gyaa| sambhavataH prArambhika kAla me baMgAla me lokapriya bana jAne ke kAraNa hI jainadharma isa pradeza ke samudrI taTavartI bhUbhAgoM se hotA huA utkala pradeza ke vibhinna bhUbhAgo me bhI atyanta zIghra gati se phaila gayA 149 adhyAya 56 videzoM meM jaina sAhitya aura kalA sAmagrI laMdana sthita aneka pustakAlayoM meM bhAratIya grantha vidyamAna hai jinameM se eka pustakAlaya meM to lagabhaga 1500 hastalikhita bhAratIya grantha hai aura adhikatara grantha prAkRta saMskRta bhAzAo me hai aura jaina dharma se sambandhita hai / jarmanI meM lagabhaga 5000 pustakAlaya hai| inameM se barlina sthita eka pustakAlaya meM 12,000 (bAraha hajAra) bhAratIya hastalikhita grantha haiM jinameM baDI saMkhyA jaina graMthoM kI bhI hai / amerikA ke vAziMgaTana aura bausTana nagara meM pAMca sau se adhika pustakAlaya haiN| iname se eka pustakAlaya meM cAlIsa lAkha hastalikhita pustakeM haiM jiname bhI 20,000 pustakeM prAkRta saMskRta bhASAoM meM haiM jo

Page #104
videzoM meM jaina dharma 104 bhArata se gaI huI haiN| phrAMsa meM 1100 se adhika baDe pustakAlaya hai jinameM perisa sthita bibliyothika nAmaka pustakAlaya meM 40,00,000 (cAlIsa lAkha) pustake hai| unameM bAraha hajAra pustakeM prAkRta saMskRta bhASA kI hai aura bhArata gaI huI haiM jinameM jaina granthoM kI acchI saMkhyA hai| rUsa meM 1,500 bar3e pustakAlaya haiN| uname eka rASTrIya pustakAlaya bhI hai jisame 50,00,000 (pAMca lAkha) pustakeM hai| unameM 22.000 pustake prAkRta saMskRta kI haiM aura bhArata se gaI huI haiN| isame jaina granthoM kI bhI baDI saMkhyA hai| iTalI me lagabhaga 4,500 pustakAlaya haiN| unameM se pratyeka meM lAkhoM pustakoM kA saMgraha hai| koI 60,000 (sATha hajAra ) pustakeM prAkRta saMskRta kI hai jo prAyaH bhArata se gaI huI haiN| inameM jaina pustake bhI baDI saMkhyA me 1 nepAla ke kAThamADU sthita pustakAlayoM me evaM anyatra hajAro kI sakhyA me jaina prAkRta ora saMskRta graMtha vidyamAna hai tathA zodha khoja kI apekSA rakhate 1 isI prakAra, cIna, tibbata, brahmA, iNDoneziyA, jApAna, magoliyA, koriyA, turkI, IrAna, asIriyA, kAbula Adi ke pustakAlayoM meM bhI bhAratIya grantha baDI saMkhyA me maujUda hai| bhArata se videzo me gratha le jAne kI pravRtti kevala aMgrejoM ke kAla se hI prArambha nahIM huI, apitu isase hajAro varSa pUrva bhI bhArata kI isa amUlya nidhi ko videzI loga apane-apane dezoM me le jAte rahe hai| udAharaNa ke lie, vikrama kI pAcavI zatAbdI me cInI yAtrI phAhyAna bhArata meM AyA thA aura yahA se tADapatro para likhI huI 1520 pustakaM cIna le gayA thA / vikrama kI sAtavI zatAbdI me cInI yAtrI huenasAga bhArata meM AyA thA aura vaha bhI apane sAtha pahalI bAra 1550 pustake, dUsarI bAra 2175 pustakeM aura taduparAnta san 464 IsavI ke AsapAsa 2550 tADapatro para likhe hue grantha apane sAtha cIna le gyaa| isa prakAra samaya-samaya para vizva ke vibhinna dezo se saikaDo yAtrI Ate rahe aura ve apane sAtha mahattvapUrNa bhAratIya sAhitya le jAte rhe| ve loga bhArata se kitane graMtha le

Page #105
videzoM meM jaina dharma 105 gae unakI saMkhyA kA sahI anumAna lagAnA kaThina hai| isake atirikta. mlecchoM, AtatAyiyoM, dharma-dveSiyoM ne hajAroM-lAkhoM kI saMkhyA me hamAre sAhitya ke ratnoM ko jalA diyaa| __ jaina muniyoM aura manISiyo ne koI bhI viSaya achUtA nahIM rahane diyA jisa para kalama na calAI ho| unhone AtmavAda, adhyAtmavAda, karmavAda, paramANuvAda, nIti, kAvya, kathA, alaMkAra-chandazAstra, vyAkaraNa nimitta-zAstra, kalA, sagIta, jIva vijJAna, rAjanIti, lokAcAra, jyotiSa, Ayurveda, khagola, bhUgola, gaNita, phalita darzana, dharmazAstra Adi samasta viSayoM para nirantara sAhitya sRjana kiyaa| isake atirikta, unhone bhASA vijJAna, mAnasa vijJAna, zilpazAstra, pazu-pakSI vijJAna ko bhI achUtA nahIM chodd'aa| haMsadeva nAmaka jaina muni ne mRga-pakSI-zAstra nAmaka grantha likhA thA jisameM 36 sarga aura 1900 zloka hai| isameM 225 pazu pakSiyo kI bhASA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| vastutaH vidharmI AtatAyiyo ne hamArA vipula sAhitya naSTa kiyA tathA videzI paryaTaka Adi jaina sAhitya pracura mAtrA meM le ge| jaina itihAsa ke sAdhanA me jaina mUrtiyoM, jaina stUpo, jaina smArakoM Adi kA vizeSa mahattva hai| vidvAno ne mUrti mAnyatA kA pracalana sarvaprathama jaino kA hI mAnA hai| jaina zAstro ke AdhAra se jaina mUrtiyo kI mAnyatA anAdi kAla se calI A rahI hai, kintu aitihAsika dRSTi se dekhA jAya tA pAkistAna sthita mohana jodaDo, haDappA Adi sindhu ghATI sabhyatA ke kendro kI khudAI se prApta sAmagrI se bhI, jo IsA pUrva 3000 varSa purAnI parAtattvettAoM ne mAnI hai RSabhadeva sapArzvanAtha Adi jaina tIrthaMkaro se sambandhita pratimAyeM prApta huI haiN| jaise jaina sAhitya para romAcakArI atyadhika atyAcAra hue hai, vaise hI jaina mandiro martiyoM smArako stapoM Adi para bhI khaba jalma DhAye ge| bar3e-bar3e jaina tIrtha, mandira, smAraka, stUpa Adi mUrtibhaMjakoM ne dharAzAyI kie| jaina mUrtiyo ko naSTa kara una para akita mUrti lekho kA saphAyA kiyA gyaa| aphagAnistAna, kazyapamesa (kazmIra), sindhusauvIra, blUcistAna, bebIlana, sumeriyA, pajAba, takSazilA tathA kAmarUpa pradeza, baMgalAdeza Adi prAcIna jaina saMskRti bahula kSetroM meM yaha vinAzalIlA calatI rhii| jaina

Page #106
106 videzoM meM jaina dharma stUpoM aura smArakoM ko naSTa-bhraSTa kiyA gyaa| aneka jaina mandiroM ko hindU aura bauddha mandiroM meM parivartita kara liyA gayA tathA unameM masjide banA lI gii| dillI kI kutabamInAra, ajamera kA DhAI dila kA jhopar3A, kAbula, kandhAra, takSazilA Adi ke jaina mandiroM kA parivartana Adi isI prakAra ke udAharaNa haiM aura ve jaina mandiro ke avazeSa hai| aneka jaina mUrtiyoM, mandiroM, guphAo, smArakoM, zilAlekhoM Adi ko bauddho kA banA liyA gyaa| jo kucha bagha pAye unakA jIrNoddhAra karate samaya asAvadhAnI, aviveka aura ajJAnatA ke kAraNa, unake zilAlekho, mUrti lekhoM Adi ko miTA diyA gayA yA naSTa ko jAne diyA gyaa| aneka khaMDita akhaDita jaina mUrtiyoM ko nadiyo, kuoM, samudroM meM DAla dene se hamArI hI nAsamajhI se prAcIna jaina sAmagrI ko naSTa ho jAne diyA gyaa| pratimAo kA prakSAla Adi karate samaya bAlAkUcI se mUrti lekha ghisa jAne die ge| aneka jaina mandira, mUrtiyA Adi anya dharmiyo ke hAtho me cale jAne se athavA anya devI-devatAo ke rUpa meM pUje jAne se jaina itihAsa aura purAtattva evaM kalA sAmagrI ko bhArI kSati pahucI hai| jaina samAja meM hI mUrtipUjA virodhI sampradAyoM dvArA jaina tIrtho mandiro mUrtiyo Adi ko hAni pahuMcAI jAne se jaina itihAsa aura purA- sAmagrI ko koI kama kSati nahI uThAnI paDI / mAtra itanA hI nahI. digamvara - zvetAmbara mAnyatA ke bheda ne bhI jaina itihAsa ko dhuMdhalA banAyA hai| purAtattvettAo kI alpajJatA, pakSapAta tathA upekSA ke kAraNa bhI jaina purAtattva sAmagrI ko anya matAnuyAyiyoM kI mAnakara jaina itihAsa ke sAtha khilavADa kiyA gyaa| prasiddha itihAsakAra vinseMTa smitha kA kahanA hai ki phira bhI itihAsa kI nirantara zodha-khoja se Aja bhUgarbha se tathA idhara-udhara bikhare paDe bahuta se pramANo se gata 150 varSoM meM jaina itihAsa ke jJAna me jitanI vRddhi huI hai usase jaina dharma ke itivRtta para kAphI prakAza paDA hai 193

Page #107
videzoM meM jaina dharma 107 sandarbha sUcI 1 zrImadabhAgavata-11/2, manusmRti aadi| 2 Major General J.G.R. Furloug: Science of Comparative Religions, Pages 14-16. 3 Rgveda - 10/10216, 1/18/91,214/19, 2/4/119,21401/10, 1/18/9/0. aadi| 4 Rgveda - 1/16/9/1, 2/4/1/9. 5 The Secret of Sarazm-SPUTNIK, Digest of Soveit Sciences (May 1988). 6 Rgveda -214/1/10, 2/4/1/3, 1/16/9/10. 7 Epic of GILGAMESH-Published from Great Britain. 8 Pan Nath Vidyalankar-The Times of India--19-3-1935. 1 jaina vidyA kA sAskRtika avadAna - DaoN rAmacandra. pRSTha 1621 10 tIrthamAlA - zrI digambara jaina pustakAlaya, kApaDiyA bhavana, sUrata (gujraat)| 11 araba aura bhArata ke sambandha - maulAnA sulemAna nadavI, pRSTha 176. 12 Trevalsa oNpha huainasAga - semuala bIla, khaDa 2e pRSTha 205. 13 Science of Comparative Religions - Major General J-C.R., Furloug, Page 28. 14 Indian Express, New Delhi-21-6-1987. 15 "The Description of Character, Manners and Customs of the People of India and of their Institutions, Religions and Civil" - East INdia Company, 1817. 16. Short Studies in The Science of Comparative Religions, 1887, Intoduction. 17 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa-yuvAcArya mahAprajJa - jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM (rAjasthAna). pRSTha 112. 113. 18 Colonies Todd-Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan. 19. jaina paramparA kA itihAsa - yuvAcArya mahAprajJa. jaina vizvabhAratI. lADanU, pRSTha 113. 20 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa -- yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADana, pRSTha 114. 2:. jaina paramparA kA itihAsa -yuvAcArya mahAprajJa. jaina vizvamAratI, lADanU, pRSTha 114.

Page #108
108 videzoM meM jaina dharma 22 Science of Comparative Religions - Major General J.G.R. Furioug] Page 28. 23. Science of Comparative Religions - Major General J.G.A. Furloug, Page 46. 24 himAlaya meM bhAratIya saskRti - vi'vaMbhara sahAya premI, meraTha. pRSTha 441 25 vividha tIrthakalpa (vi 14 zataka), pRSTha 69. 26 pariziSTha parva - AcArya hemacandra (9154). 27 jambUdvIpa prajJapti- 11. 28 jambUdvIpa, prajJapti - 1/11. 29 vasudevahiNDI -- pRSTha 148, 149. 30 vasudevahiNDI - pRSTha 148, 149. 31 uDIsA me jaina dharma - DaoN0 lakSmInArAyaNa saahuu| 32 The Confluence Opposite - C.R. Jain, Addenda, Page 3. 33 Lord Mahavir and Teachings of His Times. (a) Historical Glearings. (b) Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society, September, 1885. -Sir Henry Rollinson. "Central Asia" Page 246. -Sir Henry Rollinson, Jain Gazette, Vol. III, No. 5, Page 13. 34 Indian Express, New Delhi-21-6-1967. 35. hindI vizvakoSa (ta'tIya bhAga), pRSTha 128 (lekhaka - zrI nagendranAtha basu) 36 ArkiyelojIkala sarve oNpha iDiyA, enuala riporTa, 191515 I. pR 2. 37 Avazyaka niyukti, paMkti 322. 38 Ava'yaka cUrNI, bhAga 1, pRSTha 180. 39 vividha tIrthakalpa, pRSTha 27. 40 vATarsa Ana yuvAnacvAgsa Traivalsa ina iNDiyA, bhAga 1, pRSTha 248. 41 eka ghaTarjI - e kaumprIhaisiya hisTrI oNpha jainijma, pRSTha 970 42 e ke caTarjI - e kaumprIheMsiva hisTrI oNpha jainijma, pRSTha 981 43 e. esapI - 1868 44 mi evakUpalaiDa tathA mi. geTa sensarsa riportt| 45 ipigrAphiyA iNDikA, bhAga 20. pRSTha 6Ae sarakAra - selekTa iMskripsansa, pRSTha 352 46 jaina jarnala, bhAga 3e apraila, 1969e pRSTha 161 47 jaina jarnala, bhAga 3e apraila, 1969e pRSTha 160 48 jaina jarnala. bhAga 3e apraila, 19690 pRSTha 16162

Page #109
videzoM meM jaina dharma 49. jaina jarnala, bhAga 3e apraila, 1969 pRSTha 160. 50 dharmAnanda kosAmbI - bhArata kI saMskRti aura ahisA / 51. saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya - DaoN0 rAmadhArI siMha dinakara / 52. anekAnta (mAsika) vIra sevA mandira, dayigaja, naI dillI- varSa 11, kiraNa - mohanajodaDo kAlIna aura Adhunika jaina saMska'ti (pRSTha 48 ) 1 53 Hindustan Times, New Delhi - 20.7.1975. 54 vizAla bhArata, bhAga 18, pRSTha 626.632 para pro hevInTa kI zodha para likhA huA lekha jisa meM prAgaitihAsika rAjavaza kA ullekha hai| 55 "jaina (gujarAtI sAptAhika bhAva nagara, gujarAta) 2 janavarI, 1937 (pRSTha 2)} 56 Short Studies in the Science of Comparative Religion, Page 243 and 244. (J.G.R. Furloug). hai / 57 prophesara e cakravartI ke IrAna meM jaina dharma viSayaka ullekha / 58 vividha tIrtha kalpa - jinaprabhasUri me isakA ullekha huA 59 maurya sAmrAjya ke itihAsa kI bhUmikA ke pI jaaysvaal| 60 bhAratavarSa kA itihAsa - mizrabaMdhu himavata khaNDa 2, pRSTha 121. 61 azoka ke dharmalekha janArdana bhaTTa, pRSTha 14 Adi / 62 jaina satya prakAza (gujarAtI mAsika patrikA) jaina rAjAo zIrSaka lekha / - 63 V.A. Smith - Early History of India, Page 154. 64 tiloya paNNatti pRSTha 338. 109 kramAMka 32, pRSTha 136 me 65 hariSeNa kRta kathA koSa / 66 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha - DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, pRSTha 68. 67 ArAdhanA kathA koza / - 68 puNyAzrava kathAkoza zrI nAthUrAma / 69 AcArya hemacandrakRta pariziSTa parva - 8/415-435. 70 Mysore and Coorg Inscriptions - Lewis Rice. 71 Mysore and Coorg Inscriptions - Lewis Rice. 72 DaoN phlITa kA bhadrabAhu aura candragupta para lekha - Indian Antiquary - Volume 21. 73. nizItha cUrNI / 74. bhArata kA itihAsa - vinsenTa smitha / 75 AcArya hemacandra ke pariziSTa parva prabhRti jaina granthoM ke AdhAra para zrI vidyAlaMkAra ne yaha niSkarSa nikAlA / 76 prophesara jayacandra vidyAlaMkAra - vRhatkalpa sUtra - 301 niyuktigAMdhA 3275. 89 ke AdhAra para /

Page #110
110 77 pArjITara Page 28. 78 zrI ojhA / videzoM meM jaina dharma The Puram Text of the Dynasties of the Kali Age, 79 89. A. Confuence of Opposites-C.R. Jain. B. Asiatic Research, Volume III, Page 6. C. Historical Gleemings (Page 42). D. samrATa priyadarzI (gujarAtI) tribhuvanadAsa laheracandra zAha / hIrAlAla dugaDa / E. On the Indian Sect of the Jains. F. madhya eziyA aura paMjAba me jainadharma G. jaina jJAna mahodakIya (gujarAtI) / H. prAcIna bhArata varSa (gujarAtI) (gujarAta) zazikAnta eNDa kampanI, rAvapurA, baDodarA zazikAnta eNDa kampanI, rAvapurA, bar3odarA 1. prAcIna ma varSa (gujarAtI) (gujarAta) | (Five Volumes). J. bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI (gujarAtI) zazikAnta eNDa kampanI. rAvapurA baDodarA (gujarAta) / K. Ancient India (Four Volumes) zazikAnta eNDa kampanI. rAvapurA, baDodarA - - - (gujarAta / 90 DaoN dayAcanda jaina kRta jaina pUjA kAvya nAmaka pI e DI thIsIsa (1990) jo sAgara vizva vidyAlaya, sAgara meM prastuta kI gii| 91 jaina zAstra bhaDAra, tijArA (rAjasthAna) / 92 sarasvatI mAsika patrikA aktUbara, 1941 aka / 93 vinsenTa smitha - bhArata kA prasiddha itihAsakAra / 94 RSabhadeva kI bharata ke sAtha sahajanmA putrI brAhmI kI pravRjyI / 95 AcArya jinasena Adi purANa 16/232. 96 kavikalhaNakRta rAjataraMgiNI kazmIra me jainadharma kA pracAra dvArA usakA samarthana / 97. A Guide to Texila, Cambridge, 1960, Page 8. Aine akabarI 98 (1) P.C. Das Gupta, Director, Archaeology, West Bengal - Article in Jain Journal Monthly, 1971 (Pb. 8-13). ( 2 ) U.P. Shah -- Jain Art. 99 A Guide to Taxila, Marshal, Calcutta, 1918, Page 72, 100 bRhatkalpasUtra, rAMbhAzya vRttisahita vibhAga 2 gAthA 997-999. 101 itihAsakAra prophesara bhairomaNa / 102 dharmayuga Adi me janavarI maI, 1972 meM ina nagaroM ke jaina mandiroM ke citra chape the|

Page #111
videzoM meM jaina dharma / 103, nemIcandrAkAryakRta TIkA - adhyayana 9e patra 141. 104 bhagavatI sUtra -1539. 105 sayamarAicca kathA - 42275. ' 106. kavikalhaNakRta rAjataragiNI (ka'mIra kA itihAsa) - sana 1148.49 IsavI - 1/101; 1/102; 1/103. 107. kavi kalhaNakRta rAjataragiNI (kazmIra kA itihAsa) san 1148.49 IsavI - 1/101-103. 108 kavi kalhaNakRta rAjataragiNI (kazmIra kA itihAsa) - 1/108. 109 itihAsa samuccaya - bAbU harizcandra. pRSTha 18. 110 kavi kalhaNakRta rAjataraMgiNI -4/202. 11 kavi kalhaNakRta rAjataragiNI - taraga 4. 112 kavi kalhaNakRta rAjataragiNI -- 4/211. 113 kavi kalhaNakRta rAjataragiNI - 4/210. 114 mejara jaranala pharaloga kA mata hai ki pArzvanAka kazmIra me padhAre the| 115 zrImata purANa, adhyAya 73. zloka 27-30. 116 C.J. Shah - Jainism in Northern India, London, 1932. 117 madhya eziyA aura pajAba meM jaina dharma -- hIrAlAla duggdd| 11 mahAmAtya vastupAla eva tejapAla dvArA jena dharma pracAra - madhya eziyA aura pajAba me jaina dharma :- hIrAlAla duggdd| 119 samrAT khAravesa dvArA apane rAjya ke bAraha varSa me uttarApatha, takSazilA, gadhAra Adi para vijaya prApta aura sarvatra jaina dharma prcaar| 120 vimalAdri zatrujayAvatAra prakaraNa tathA jainAcArya zrI ratnazekhara sUri kA zrAddha vidhi prakaraNa - madhyeziyA aura paMjAba meM jaina dharma - hIrAlAla duggdd| 121 zrAddha vidhi prakaraNa - jainAcArya zrI candrazekhara sUri - madhyeziyA aura pajAba me jaina dharma - hIrAlAla duggdd| 122 mahArAjA kumArapAla solakI dvArA bhArata evaM videzo me turkistAna meM jaina dharma pracAra - madhya eziyA aura pajAya meM jaina dharma - hIrAlAla duggdd'| 123 mahArAjA kumArapAla solaMkI dvArA pazcima me tathA videzoM meM vyApaka dharma pracAra -- madhya eziyA aura pajAba me jaina dharma - hIrA lAla duggaDa / 124 pethaDazAha dvArA bhArata evaM videzoM meM kAraka dharma pracAra evaM mandira nirmANa -- kavi kalhaNakRta rAjataraMgiNI eva madhya eziyA aura paMjAba meM jaina dharma hIrAlAla duggdd'| 125. kazmIra nareza, satyapratisa azoka mahAna bar3A pratApI jaina rAjA kazmIra meM pArzvanAtha ke lokAla se pahale ho gayA hai| 126 jambUdvIpa prajJAsti (sTIka) - pUrva mAtra -158/1, pRSTha meM ullekha hai ki cakravartI samrATa bharata ne baSabhadeva kI citA bhUmi para aSTApada parvata kI 'boTI para stUpa kA nirmANa yA thaa|

Page #112
112 videzoM meM jaina dharma 127. jambUdvIpa prajJAsti (sTIka) - pUrvabhAga, pRSTha 1581 me ullekha hai ki cakravartI samrATa bharata ne RSabhadeva kI citAbhUmi para aSTApada parvata kI coTI para stUpa kA nirmANa kraayaa| 128. tiloya paNNasi (sAnuvAda - cauthA mahAdhikAra) gAthA 844, pRSTha 254. 129 jJAtAdharmakathAMga, bhagavatIsUtra, nizItha cUrNi ityaadi| 130 vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie dekhiye - Jain Stup and Other Antiquities ot Mathura - Vincent A. Smith (Archeaological Survey of India, New Imperial Series, Volume 20). 131 The Sunday Standard, Hyderabad (Editors)-18.2.1979. 132 vRSabha RSabhadeva kA, maeNA zreyAsanAtha kA. suara vilanAtha kA, bAja anantanAtha kA, sApa pArzvanAtha kA aura siMha mahAvIra kA pratIka (lAchana) hai| jo jaino ke kramazaH prathama, gyArahaveM, terahave, caudahave. teIsave aura caubIsave tIrthaMkaroM ke lAchana haiN| 133 yaha bAja mandira jaino ke caudahave tIrthakara anantanAtha kA honA cAhiye kyoki bAja anantanAtha kA pratIka (lAchana) hai| 134 yuropIya itihAsakAra parasavina leDana, san 1928. 135 "vizva kI dRSTi me" jemsa phargyusana - pRSTha 26 se 52. 136. History of Seria, Page 77. 137 The Hindu of 25th July, 1991 - Prof. Ramaswamy lyangar. 138. Talk ior Indian Histroy with Dr. A.P. Jain at Gwalior on 28th December 1993. Jh eku fyaxu Corns of Sevidphia 3it Coins of South East Asia nAmaka pustakoM ke lekhaka hai| 139. Jay: The Original Nucleus of Mahabharat, 1979--Ram Chandra Jain Advocate, (A World Famous Historian, Agam Kala Prakashan, Delhi, page 257. Shri Ram Chandra Jain, Advocate Shri Ganga Nagar (Rajasthan) has written 157 books on Indian History and Jain History. Some published by Choulchamba, Varanasi; Agam Kala Prakashan, Delhi; Motilal Banarashi Dass, Dethi etc. 140 History of Mahajanpad Bharat - Aam Chandra, Jain - Arihant International, 239, Gali Kunjas, Dariba Kalan, Chandhani Chowk, Delhi-110008. 141 bambaI samAcAra (gujarAtI) dinAka 4.8.1934 aMka . maMgoliyA meM jaina smArakoM kA vivrnn| 142 bauddha cInI yAtrI huenasAMga 1686 se 712 IsI) ke bhArata bhramaNa ke vivaraNa / 143. "lakAyA pAtAla-laMkAyA zrI zAntinAthaH" - siMdhI jaina graMthamAlA dvArA prakAzita jinaprabhasUri kRta "vividha tIrthakalpa, pRSTha 86.

Page #113
_