Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ tattvArthasUtra meM nihita jJAnacarcA : kucha nirIkSaNa (akhila bhAratIya darzana pariSada, 57 vA~ adhivezana, pAranera, mahArASTra, 12 se 14 janavarI, 2013) patravyavahAra ke lie patA : DaoN. kaumudI baladoTA 203, 'bI' bilDIMga, gItagoviMda hausiMga sosAyaTI, maharSinagara, puNe 411037 dUradhvani : (020) 24260663 mobAIla kra. - 9158910300 I-mela : sunil baldota@rediffmail.com di. 10/01/2013 zodhachAtrA : DaoN. kaumudI baladoTA, nAnAvaTI phelo, jaina adhyAsana, puNe vidyApITha viSaya va mArgadarzana : DaoN. nalinI jozI, prAdhyApikA, jaina adhyAsana, puNe vidyApITha prastAvanA : jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa sAmane rakhanepara yaha tathya ujAgara hotA hai ki prAya: isavI kI pA~cavI zatAbdI taka pA~ca prakAra ke jJAna kI carcAhI mukhyata: se dikhAI detI hai / jJAna kA prAmANya, pramANoM kI saMkhyA Adi kI carcA prAya: pA~cavI zatAbdI ke bAda nyAyayuga se Arambha huI / tattvArthasUtra jo ki pahalA aura agragaNya saMskRta sUtrabaddha jaina dArzanika grantha hai, usameM mukhya rUpa se jJAna ke pA~ca prakAra hI nirdiSTa kiye haiN| yaha zodhanibandha usa carcA se hI sambandha rakhatA hai| viSaya kA cayana : Adhunika yuga jJAna kA yuga hai / sabhI ora inpharmezana aura TeknaoNlaoNjI kI carcA jora-zora se ho rahI hai / dUradarzana ke caeNnelsa, priMTeDa aura ilekTraoNnika mIDiyA, inTaraneTa, vebasAITa Adi anekoM srotoM se jJAna kA mahApUra dikhAI de rahA hai / jaina paramparA meM nirdiSTa jJAna ke pA~ca prakAroM meM uparinirdiSTa jJAna kI kyA vyavasthA ho sakatI hai - isakA cintana isa zodhanibandha kA prArambhabindu hai| pratyeka vidhAna kI yA ghaTanA kI vyavahAra aura nizcaya dRSTi se samIkSA karanA, jaina darzana kA sthAyIbhAva hai / vyavahAra se nizcaya taka aura naitikatA se AdhyAtma kI ora jaina vicAradhArA kA pravAha sahaja svAbhAvika rIti se calatA AyA hai / yahI vastusthiti jJAna ke pA~ca prakAroM ko bhI upayojita hotI hai / mati-zruta-avadhimana:paryAya aura kevala ina pA~ca meM se pahale do jJAna vyavahAranaya ke stara para haiM / avadhi aura mana:paryAya ina donoM meM naitikatA aura AdhyAtmikatA donoM pratibimbita haiM / kevalajJAna kI carcA sampUrNataH adhyAtma se yAne nizcayanaya se sambandha rakhatI hai| pA~coM prakAra ke jJAna kI itanI sAMgopAMga aura sUkSma carcA tattvArtha ke uttaravartI granthoM meM pAyI jAtI hai ki vaha agara zabdAMkita kI jAya to pUrA grantha taiyAra ho jAyegA / usa sArI pAramparika carcA ko eka bAjU meM rakhate hae yahA~ Adhunika pariprekSya meM vizeSa nirIkSaNa jijJAsuoM ke sAmane rakheM haiN|
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ pAramparika grAnthika jJAnacarcA : SaTkhaNDAgama, kaSAyapAhuDa, bhagavatI ArAdhanA, sarvArthasiddhi, rAjavArtika, dhavalA, syAdvAdamaMjirI, dravyasaMgraha, ArAdhanAviSayaka prakIrNaka sAhitya, parIkSAmukha ina granthoM meM nimna muddoM ke AdhAra se jJAnacarcA vistRta rUpa meM pAyI jAtI hai - ; ; jJAna ke bheda evaM lakSaNa jJAna kA svarUpa; jJAna kI indriyanirapekSa sattA; jJAna kI svaparaprakAzakatA; jJAnaprApti ke cihna ; eka jIva meM yugapat saMbhavajJAna; bheda aura abhedajJAna; samyagjJAna aura mithyAjJAna; samyagjJAna ke ATha aMga jJAna aura bhAvanA; jJAna eka pariSaha nizcaya vyavahAra samyagjJAna aSTakarma meM 'jJAnAvaraNIya' prathama karma ; jJAnasaMpanna vyakti ; jJAnI vyakti aura madarahita saMyama ; jJAna kI virAdhanA aura aticAra ; saMlekhanA ke sandarbha meM jJAnaviSayaka vicAra ; gaNI, AcArya aura niryApaka inake sandarbha meM jJAna ; jJAnArAdhanA aura maraNa ; jJAnopayoga ; jJAna se indriya-kaSAyavijaya ; ajJAna aura jJAnaviSayaka upamA / ; ; uparinirdiSTa vistRta jJAnacarcA meM aura sambandhita TIkAgranthoM meM jinakA jikra nahIM kiyA gayA hai aise nirIkSaNa isa pArzvabhUmi kI AdhAra para lekina nUtana pariprekSya meM yahA~ prastuta kiye haiM / jJAnasambandhI kucha tathya : 'koI bhI dArzanika grantha prastuta karate samaya jJAnaviSayaka bhUmikA prathamataH spaSTa karanA Avazyaka hai'-yaha tathya vAcaka umAsvAti bhalIbhA~ti jAnate the / isI vajaha tattvArthasUtra kA pahilA adhyAya jJAnacarcA ko samarpita hai / tattvArthasUtra meM 'jJAna' zabda kI vyAkhyA nahIM pAyI jAtI / tattvArtha kI yaha zailIgata vizeSatA hai ki usameM aneka saMkalpanAoM kI vyAkhyA na dekara lakSaNa aura prakAra hI aMkita kiye haiM / paravartI vyAkhyAkAroM ne bhinnabhinna zabdoM meM jaina dRSTi se jJAna kA lakSaNa diyA hai / usameM se sarvArthasiddhi kI vyAkhyA suprasiddha hai jAnAti jJAyate'nena jJaptimAtraM vA jJAnam / ' arthAt jo jAnatA hai vaha jJAna hai, jisake dvArA jAnA jAya so jJAna hai, jAnanAmAtra jJAna hai / isa prakAra kartRsAdhana-karaNasAdhana aura bhAvasAdhana kI ekarUpatA jJAna meM pAya jAtI hai / * spaSTatA se dikhAI detA hai ki yaha vyAkhyA nizcayanaya kI pradhAnatA dhyAna meM rakhakara kI gayI hai| AdhyAtmikatA kI ora isakA jhukAva spaSTa hai| T jJAna kI vyAkhyA ke bAre meM cAhe matabheda ho lekina jaina dRSTi se jJAna svaprakAzaka bhI hai aura paraprakAzaka bhI hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki sabhI jaina granthakAroM ke anusAra samagra jJAnacarcA dRSTivAda nAmaka grantha ke 'jJAnapravAdapUrva' nAma ke pA~cave pUrva se yAne vibhAga se lI gayI hai / tIsarI pramukha bAta yaha hai ki yaha jJAnacarcA 'mana' yA 'aMta:karaNa' ko kendrasthAna meM rakhakara nahIM kI hai| jJAna yaha AtmA kA svarUpa aura guNa hone ke kAraNa sabhI jJAnaprakAroM kA Azraya aura AdhArasthAna AtmA hI hai / cauthI bAta yaha hai ki prAcIna ardhamAgadhI grantha meM 'jANai pAsai' yaha prAkRta padAvali kaI bAra punarukta kI gaI hai| pariNAmavaza jaina paramparA meM 'jJAna aura darzana' kA nikaTatama sambandha vAraMvAra adhorekhita kiyA gayA / jJAna aura darzana kA sambandha dIpaprakAzavat yugapat batAyA gayA / vastutaH 'pAsai' kA sambandha pratyakSadarzI nirIkSaNa se sambandhita hai / lekina usase 'zraddhA' kA sambandha jur3atA gayA / bAda meM use hI 'samyaktva' kahalAyA gayA / isI vajaha se AtmA ke lakSaNa meM jJAnopayoga aura darzanopayoga donoM antarbhUta hue| pA~cavI mukhya bAta yaha hai ki jaina avadhAraNAnusAra pratyeka jIva meM tattvataH ananta jJAna nihita hai / ananta janmoM meM arjita karmoM ke AvaraNa se vaha jJAna AvRta hai / saMvara aura tapa kI sahAyatA se jaisA jaisA AvaraNa kA kSaya hogA vaisA vaisA jJAna kA pragaTIkaraNa hogA / 1
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jaina AgamagranthoM meM jo trikAlasatya mArgadarzaka tattva pAye jAte haiM unameM se eka hai - 'paNNA samikkhae dhamma / ' isI ke anusAra jJAna ke pA~ca prakAroM kI vizeSata: mati aura zrutajJAna kI samIkSA karane kA prayAsa isa zodhanibandha meM kiyA hai| (a) sUtrAnulakSI samIkSA : samagra jJAnacarcA ke bAvajUda jaina paramparA aura tattvArtha kI yaha bhUmikA kabhI bhI nahIM hai ki 'jJAnAt eva mokSaH / ' matalaba hai ki jainiyoM ke anusAra akelA jJAna mokSadAyaka nahIM hai / bhAratIya SaDdarzanoM meM se kucha darzana kahate haiM ki 'jJAnakriyAbhyAM mokSaH / ' jaina tattvajJAna isase bhI sahamata nahIM hai / tattvArtha kI dRSTi se mokSamArga meM agresara hone ke lie darzana-jJAna-cAritra kA ucita samanvaya apekSita hai / __ pA~ca prakAra ke jJAnoM kA ekatrita ullekha karate hue umAsvAti kahate haiM - matizrutA ' vadhimana:paryAyakevalAni jJAnam / isa sUtra kA prathama pada bahuvacanAnta hai lekina 'jJAnam' zabda ekavacana meM prayukta hai / isase spaSTa hai ki AtmA meM jJAna kI sattA vargIkRta rUpa meM arthAt bahurUpa nahIM hai, ekarUpa hI hai / (2) tattvArtha ke agale tIna sUtroM meM pramANacarcA bhI saMkSipta rUpa meM samAviSTa hai / tattvArtha ke anusAra ye pA~coM prakAra ke jJAna jaba 'samyak' hai taba ve 'pramANa' hote haiM / Adya matijJAna (indriyajJAna) aura zrutajJAna ye donoM indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se hote haiM, ataeva ye do jJAna 'parokSa' haiM / avadhi-mana:paryAya aura kevala indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA ke binA sAkSAt AtmA ko hote haiM, ataeva 'pratyakSa' haiM / pratyakSa-parokSa kI ye dhAraNAe~ anya bhAratIya dArzanikoM ko mAnya nahIM hai / isalie nandIsUtra meM mati-zruta ko indriyapratyakSa aura antima tIna jJAnoM ko 'noindriyapratyakSa' kahA hai| ___vastuta: anuyogadvArasUtra kI racanA tattvArtha ke pahale hI huI hai / usameM pratyakSa-anumAna-aupamya aura Agama cAroM ko pramANa kahA hai / uttaravartI jaina nyAyaviSayaka granthoM meM bhI yahI cAra pramANa svIkRta kiye haiM / umAsvAti usako najaraaMdAja karate hue Agamokta parokSa-pratyakSa kA anusaraNa karanA hI ucita samajhate haiM / (3) matijJAna kA vizeSa vicAra : / indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se honevAle jJAna ko umAsvAti 'matijJAna' kahate haiM / tattvArtha ke prathama adhyAya ke terahaveM sUtra meM matijJAna ke samAnArthaka zabda dete haiM / kahate hai ki - mati: smRti: saMjJA cintA'bhinibodha ityanarthAntaram / * indriyajanya jJAna ko pramukhatA se prAcIna digambara granthoM meM 'mati' yaha zabda pAyA jAtA hai / ardhamAgadhI grantha 'abhinibodhika' zabda kA upayoga aindriyajJAna ke lie prayukta karate haiN| * indriyabodha ke lie mana kI AvazyakatA adhorekhita karane ke lie 'mati' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hogA * mati zabda 'man' kriyApada se banA huA hai / mati zabda meM 'manana' vyApAra kI pramukhatA hai / isI vajaha se vAdavivAda yuga aura nyAyayuga meM mati zabda kI jagaha 'indriyapratyakSa' zabda ne lI / * 'mati' zabda rUDha artha meM ni:saMzaya 'buddhivAcaka'hI hai| * mati-smRti ityAdi pA~coM ko samAnArthI zabda kahanA bilkula hI nahIM jaMcatA / kyoMki mati kA sambandha manana se ; smRti kA smaraNa se ; saMjJA kA pratyabhijJA se ; cintA kA cintana se aura Abhinibodha kA tatkAla bodha se hai / ye pA~coM vyApAra spaSTata: alaga-alaga hai| saca hai ki ina sabhI zabdachaTA~oM kA sUkSma vargIkaraNa jaina darzana kI eka khAsiyata hai / una sabhI ko samAna bhUmikA para lAnA ucita nahIM hai|
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ * 'jAtismaraNa' yaha saMjJA aura jAtismaraNa jJAna ke udAharaNa jaina kathAgranthoM meM vipula mAtrA meM pAye jAte haiM / tattvArtha ke prathama adhyAya kI jJAnacarcA meM aura TIkAkAroM ke vyAkhyAoM meM bhI jAtismaraNajJAna kI vyavasthA dikhAI nahIM detI / vastutaH 'smRti' saMjJA ke spaSTIkaraNa meM yaha apekSita thA / vastuta: jAtismaraNa kI carcA avadhijJAna kI saMkalpanA ke bahuta nikaTa jAtI hai / tathApi avadhijJAna kI carcA meM bhI jAtismaraNa kI carcA nahIM dikhAI detI / ataH sarvasAdhAraNa mAnyatA yaha rUDha ho gayI hai ki jAtismaraNa vizuddha matijJAna kA eka prakAra hai * tadindriyA'nindriyanimittam'-isa sUtra meM mana ke lie anindriya' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / mana-citta aura aMta:karaNa ye tInoM zabda rUDha hone ke bAvajUda umAsvAti 'anindriya' zabda kA Agraha rakhate haiM / vastutaH anindriya zabda dhavalA Adi prAcIna digambara granthoM meM evaM prAcIna zvetAmbara granthoM meM bhI mana ke artha meM nahIM prayukta pAyA jAtA / zAyada pAtaJjalayogadarzana meM citta aura anta:karaNa ina donoM zabdoM kA mahattva hone ke kAraNa tattvArtha ne apanI alagatA dikhAne ke lie anindriya zabda kA prayoga kiyA hogA / mana kA mahattva kama karane ke lie bhI anindriya zabda kI sahAyatA hotI hai / aisI bhI bAta nahIM hai ki tattvArtha meM mana zabda kA prayoga hI nahIM pAyA jAtA / kyoMki mana:paryAyajJAna zabda meM spaSTata: mana zabda kA prayoga hai / vahA~ anindriya zabda kA prayoga nahIM kiyA hai / dhavalA jaise granthoM meM anindriya zabda kA prayoga 'indriyarahitatA' dikhAne ke lie prayukta hai| * indriya aura mana dvArA grahaNa kiye hue vastu kA avabodha kisa prakAra hotA hai yaha darzAne ke lie matijJAna kA uttarottara vikasita rUpa avagraha-IhA-avAya aura dhAraNA ina cAra saMkalpanAoM ke dvArA umAsvAti spaSTa karate haiM / kaI abhyAsakoM ne isa sUkSmatA ko umAsvAti kI vizeSatA ke taura para prastuta kiyA hai / AgamoM meM dRDha dhAraNA hone ke kAraNa hI jJAnamImAMsA ko spaSTa karanevAle 35 sUtroM meM se 5 sUtra avagraha-IhA-avAyadhAraNA ke spaSTIkaraNa karane ke lie upayojita kiye haiN| ____ * indriyajJAna ke bAre meM nyAyadarzana kI sAmAnya avadhAraNA yaha hai ki indriya aura viSaya ke sannikarSa se arthAt samparka yA sambandha se vastu kA bodha arthAt avagraha hotA hai / isapara adhika vicAraNA karate hue tattvArthasUtra meM isake do apavAda batAye haiM / umAsvAti ke anusAra cAkSuSa jJAna aura manojanya jJAna hone ke lie cakSu aura mana kA viSaya se pratyakSa saMyoga nahIM hotA / mana ke bAre meM umAsvAti kA kahanA ThIka lagatA hai kyoMki usake lie vastu se sAkSAt samparka Avazyaka nahIM hotA / bAkI cAra indriyoM ke bAre meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki sirpha sparzajJAna ke lie hI sAkSAt saMyoga kI AvazyakatA hai / gandha-prakAza aura zabda ye tInoM jaina avadhAraNA ke anusAra pudgalamaya haiM / ye tInoM prakAra ke pudgala sambandhita indriyoM ke samparka meM Anepara hI bodha yA avagraha hotA hai / cAkSuSa jJAna ke bAre meM Adhunika avadhAraNA yaha hai ki vastu se parAvartita prakAzakiraNa jaba netrapaTala ke samparka meM Ate haiM taba vastu kI pratimA netrapaTala meM pratibimbita hotI hai / isake pahale bhI kahA hai ki prakAzakiraNa bhI pudgalamaya haiM / ata: gandha aura zabdajJAna jisa prakAra hotA hai usI prakAra cAkSuSa avagraha bhI hotA hai / 'na cakSuranindriyAbhyAm'-yaha sUtra Adhunika avadhAraNAnusAra apavAdasUtra nahIM bana sakatA / (4) zrutajJAna kA vizeSa vicAra : sabhI laukika yA vyAvahArika jJAna ke lie pA~ca indriyA~ evaM mana kA mahattva ananyasAdhAraNa hai| isI vajaha se kula A~Tha sUtroM meM umAsvAti ne aindriyajJAna kI carcA kI hai / jaina paramparA ke anusAra jJAna kA dUsarA mahattvapUrNa srota Agamagrantha hai| use 'zrRta' yA 'AmnAya' bhI kahA jAtA hai / vastuta: anya darzanoM meM zabdapramANa ke antargata
Page #5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ apane-apane zAstragranthoM kA vicAra vistAra se spaSTa kiyA hai / unheM AptavAkya bhI kahA hai / dRSTivAda se niSpanna AgamoM se prApta jJAna kI cikitsA ke lie umAsvAti kevala eka sUtra meM kahate hai ki, 'zrutaM matipUrva dvayanekadvAdazabhedam / ' arthAt zrutajJAna matipUrvaka hai aura usake do, aneka athavA bAraha bheda haiM / svopajJa TIkA meM evaM tattvArtha kI anya TIkAoM meM isakA vistRta vivecana pAyA jAtA haiN| * prastuta sUtra meM zrutajJAna ke kula tIna bheda batAye haiM / unameM se zruta ke 'do' bhedoM kI aura 'dvAdaza' bhedoM kI carcA upalabdha jaina AgamoM ke vargIkaraNa ke dvArA vyAkhyAkAroM ne vizeSa rUpa se spaSTa kI hai / 'aneka' zabda ke bAre meM tattvArtha ke TIkAkAroM ne atyalpa mahattva diyA hai / samakAlIna aupacArika zikSaNa meM antarbhUta jainetara granthoM kA aura sAhitya kA nAmamAtra ullekha ve 'aneka' zabda ke antargata prastuta karate haiN| nandIsUtrakAra ne zruta ke do bheda kahe haiM - 1) samyak zruta aura 2) mithyA zruta / jaina AgamoM ko vaha samyak zruta kahatA hai / mithyA zruta ke antargata rAmAyaNa-mahAbhArata-pAtaJjala-darzanagrantha-aMga-upAMgasahita veda-bahattara kalA Adi lagabhaga sattAIsa granthoM kA samAveza mithyAzruta meM karatA hai / usake anantara eka mahattvapUrNa TippaNI bhI prastuta karatA hai ki agara samyak dRSTi se par3heM jAya to mithyAzruta samyakzruta ho jAte haiM / ' nandIkAra ke AMzika abhiniveza kA aura AMzika udAramatavAda kA darzana, isa TippaNI se hotA hai / isa TippaNI kA itanA dUragAmI pariNAma huA ki paravartI jaina AcArya mahAkAvya, khaNDakAvya, prakaraNagrantha, carita, alaMkArazAstra, gaNita, Ayurveda, nItizAstra Adi aneka viSayoM para binA jhijhaka apanI sarjanazIla pratibhA kA upayoga karane lge| * nandIkAra kI eka alaga soca zrutajJAna ke spaSTIkaraNa meM dikhAyI detI hai / usane 'akSarazruta' aura 'anakSarazruta' vargIkaraNa ke dvArA zrutajJAna kA vistAra bahuta hI baDhAyA hai / lipibaddha granthoM ko vaha 'akSarazruta' kahatA hai / pazupakSI Adi bhASAvargaNAvAle jIvoM ke svarayukta uccAraNoM kA samAveza bhI anakSarazruta meM karatA hai / isake alAvA ni:zvAsa, hAvabhAva Adi AkAra iMgita AvirbhAvoM ke dvArA bhI anakSarazruta kakSA meM lAtA hai / nandIkAra kA yaha kathana ni:saMzaya prazaMsanIya hai kyoMki Adhunika kAla meM jJAnaprApti ke jo-jo bhI sAdhana upalabdha hai ve saba hama zrutajJAna meM antarbhUta kara sakate haiM / matalaba dUradarzana ke caeNnelsa, prinTeDa aura ilekTraoNnika mIDiyA, inTaraneTa, vebasAITa Adi anekoM srota 'zrutajJAna' ke dAyare meM A sakate haiM / ina mAdhyamoM se prApta jo jJAna sAdhAra-pramANita aura tarkabuddhi ke anusAra ucita hai usakI chAnabIna kara ke hI svIkAranA Avazyaka hai / anyathA jaina dRSTi se ve samyak-zruta na hokara, 'kuzruta' ke antargata unakI avagaNanA karanI paDegI / zrutajJAna kI kakSA hama aura bhI baDhA sakate haiM / aneka sAmAjika-dhArmika saMketa, kuladharma-kulAcAra, kathA-kahAniyA~, paramparA itanA hI nahIM to bAlaka ke prArambhika kAla meM bhASAjJAna prApta karane ke prayAsa - ye saba isameM antarbhUta ho sakate haiN| ___* mati-zruta kI umAsvAtikRta avadhAraNA aura ina donoM kA nandIkAra ne kiyA huA vistAra dekhakara hama kaha sakate haiM ki vyAvahArika jJAna kI prApti meM ina do mUlagAmI sAdhanoM kI naye tarIke se aura sUkSmatA se kI huI samIkSA nandIkAra ke sUjhabUjha kI vAkaI nidarzaka hai| * zrutajJAna kA eka vargIkaraNa, tattvArtha ke AdhAra se 'kAlika aura utkAlika' ke svarUpa meM spaSTa kiyA jAtA hai / divasa ke viziSTa prahara meM jinakA svAdhyAya karanA Avazyaka kahA hai, vaha kAlika hai / 10 kathita kAla ke sivAya anya kAla meM bhI jo paDhA jA sakatA hai, vaha 'utkAlika' hai / 11 ina donoM saMjJAoM kI eka alaga upapatti bhI dI jA sakatI hai| jo grantha kevala samakAlIna pariprekSya meM arthapUrNa hote haiM, unheM hama 'kAlika' kaha sakate haiM / lekina kucha grantha yA granthAntargata vicAra aise bhI hote haiM, jinakA svarUpa sArvakAlika aura sArvajanIna hotA hai| isa vargIkaraNa ke anusAra tattvajJAna, jIvavijJAna, khagola, sRSTivijJAna Adi para AdhArita grantha 'utkAlika' ke antargata A sakate haiN| AcAra para AdhArita granthoM ko 'kAlika' kaha sakate haiN|
Page #6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ * 'zrutaM matipUrvaM' isa padAvali se yaha sUcita hotA hai ki sakSama indriya-sAmarthyavAlA vyakti hI zrutajJAna kA adhikArI hotA hai / yahA~ zruta' kA matalaba spaSTata: jaina AgamajJAna se sambandhita hai / jJAnamImAMsAviSayaka isa sUtra kA sambandha dIkSA kI yogyatA aura ayogyatA se jur3A huA dikhAyI detA hai / jinakI sabhI indriyA~ sakSama haiM aise vyakti ko bhI dIkSA kA adhikArI mAnA hai / vastutaH zrutajJAna to paramparA se calatA AyA huA maukhika jJAna hai / isalie yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki andha-paMgu-mUka Adi vyaktiyoM ko 'zrutajJAna kA adhikArI' kyoM na mAnA jAya ? agara jJAnazakti AtmA se sambandhita hai to andha Adi vyaktiyoM ko to anAsakti-virakti Adi AdhyAtmika bhAva hone ke bAvajUda bhI dIkSA ke yogya kyoM nahIM mAnA gayA ? vaise to likhita svarUpa meM spaSTa nirdeza nahIM dikhAyI diyA / phira bhI AgamagranthoM aura kathAgranthoM Adi pUre granthasambhAra meM eka bhI udAharaNa aisA nahIM pAyA gayA, jahA~ andha-paMgu Adi vyakti ko dIkSA pradAna kI gayI hai / andha, paMgu Adi logoM ko dIkSA na dene ke aneka sAmAjika aura saMghavyavasthAniSTha kAraNa ho sakate haiM / jisakI mImAMsA karanA eka alaga hI viSaya hai / varan zuddha AdhyAtmika dRSTi se isameM koI aDacana nahIM dikhAyI detI / (5) avadhijJAna kA vizeSa vicAra : mati aura zruta ye donoM jJAna mukhyata: laukika aura vyAvahArika hai / mana:paryAya aura kevala ye donoM jJAna sarvasvI adhyAtma se sambandhita hai / avadhijJAna kA samyak aura mithyAtmaka mizra svarUpa aura usake adhikArI, yaha saba dekhakara lagatA hai ki mAnoM ye jJAna pA~ca jJAnoM kI zRMkhalA meM se yathArtha rUpa se bIcavAlI kaDI hai / eka tarapha se vaha laukika jJAna se bhI juDA huA hai aura dUsarI tarapha se vardhamAna AdhyAtmika jJAna kI pahalI sIDhI jaina dArzanika avadhAraNA ke anusAra avadhijJAna kA svarUpa nimna prakAra se spaSTa kiyA jAtA hai - indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA ke binA, AtmA se maryAdita rUpI padArthoM kA jJAna avadhijJAna kahalAtA hai / deva aura nArakiyoM kA avadhijJAna 'bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna' hai / tiryaMca aura manuSyoM ko kSayopazamajanya avadhijJAna cha: prakAra se hotA hai / 12 * dArzanika dRSTi se manuSyoM aura tiryaMcoM ko puNyaprakarSa se devagati prApta hotI hai / isI vajaha unameM jJAna koI vizeSatA bhI honI cAhie / isalie ve janmataH avadhijJAnadhArI hote haiM / devoM ke mati aura zrutajJAna kI carcA bahuta kama mAtrA meM pAyI jAtI hai / usase jyAdA to unake avadhijJAna kI hI jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| * mana:paryAya aura kevalajJAna dArzanika dRSTi se kevala manuSyoM ko hI hote haiM / manuSyatva kA durlabhatva aura zreSThatva pratipAdana karane ke lie devagati meM sAmAnyata: ucca jJAna kI avadhAraNA karane para bhI atyucca AdhyAtmika jJAna taka unakI pahu~ca nahIM darzAyI hai / * devaloka meM rahakara bhI tIrthaMkaroM ke paMcakalyANaka 3, manuSyoM ko pratibodha, apUrva dAna'5 Adi saba manuSyaloka ke dRzya sIsITIvhI kaeNmerA kI taraha devaloka meM rahakara hI avadhijJAna ke dvArA dekha sakate haiM / ina prasaMgoM meM avatarita bhI hote haiM / hiMdu purANoM meM prasiddha 'avatAra' saMkalpanA ko jaina darzana meM bhale mAnyatA na ho lekina prasaMgopAtta avataraNa devoM kA hotA hai| * yadyapi nArakiyoM ko janmata: prApta avadhijJAna hai tathApi usakA prayojana alaga hai| devoM kI taraha yahA~ zreSThatA kI bAta nahIM hai / narakoM ke bhISaNa duHkha sahate samaya nArakI jIva sIsITIvhI kaeNmerA kI taraha pUrvakRta daSkarma dekhate haiM / tathA bhAvI janma dekhakara thoDA santoSa bhI pAte haiM / isa dArzanika mAnyatA kA AdhAra sAmAnyata: manovaijJAnika hI dikhAyI detA hai / devoM kI taraha nArakI jIvoM ke mati-zruta jJAna ke sandarbha bhI prAyaH nahIM ke barAbara hai| * tiryaMcoM ke bAre meM avadhijJAna kI avadhAraNA jaina darzana kI khAsiyata hai / kimbahunA gati, jAti, liMga,
Page #7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ zarIra Adi caudaha mArgaNAsthAnoM ke dvArA tiryaMcasRSTi kA sUkSmatama varNana saba bhAratIya darzanoM meM sirpha jaina mUlagranthoM meM hI pAyA jAtA hai / 16 tiryaMcoM ke AdhyAtmika pragati ke bAre meM yAne ki kucha tiryaMcoM ke caturtha-paMcama guNasthAna taka Atmika vikAsa kA jikra bhI jaina granthoM ne kiyA hai / 17 mukhya bAta yaha hai ki vividha prakAra ke tiryaMcoM meM vividha prakAra kI indriyazaktiyA~ prakhara rUpa meM manuSya se jyAdA prakhara hotI hai / unakA spaSTIkaraNa jaina granthoM meM dikhAyI nahIM detA / saMjJI paMcendriya tiryaMcoM ke zrutajJAna kA aura avadhijJAna kA jikra bhI atyanta alpa mAtrA meM pAyA jAtA hai| sArAMza rUpa se hama kaha sakate haiM ki cAra gatiyoM meM se deva-nAraka aura tiryaMcoM kA vicAra sirpha avadhijJAna ke sandarbha meM hI pAyA jAtA hai / unake mati-zruta kI carcA nahIM hai aura mana:paryAya evaM kevalajJAna unake dAyare ke bAhara hI hai / pariNAmavaza pUrI jJAnacarcA meM mukhyata: 'manuSyalakSyI' carcA hI AbhAsita hotI hai| ___* jAtismaraNa aura avadhijJAna donoM ke viSaya, adhikArI Adi ke bAre meM jaba hama socate haiM taba aisA pratIta hotA hai ki sAmAnyata: jAtismaraNa khuda ke viSaya meM hotA hai aura avadhijJAna prAya: dUsare ke bAre meM hotA hai / aisI avasthA meM 'jAtismaraNa' kI saMkalpanA avadhijJAna kI zAyada prAthamika avasthA hai, aisA sUcita hotA * Adhunika pariprekSya meM 'avadhijJAna' kA nUtana artha : avadhijJAna kA maryAdita kSetra meM rUpI padArthoM kA jJAna karAtA hai / vartamAna yuga vijJAna kA arthAt scientific progress kA yuga hai / nikaTavartI kSetroM ke vastuoM kA sUkSmadarzaka yantroM ke dvArA vistRta jJAna ho rahA hai / sudUravartI vastu, vyakti, ghaTanA dekhane ke lie saikaDoM gaeNjeTsa upalabdha haiM / durbiNa, gugala, sIsITIvhI, kaeNmerA Adi upakaraNoM ke dvArA vizva ke kaI rUpI padArthoM kA jJAna pratyakSa rUpa' meM A rahA hai / candra-maMgala Adi upagrahoM kI phoTogrAphI bhI ho rahI hai / vaijJAnika khojoM ke AdhAra se kaI upakaraNa vikasita kiye gaye haiM / AdhyAtmika nikaSoM ke anusAra vyakti cAritravizuddhi ke dvArA avadhijJAna prApta to kara sakatA hai lekina dUsaroM ke lie ye dvAra khola nahIM sakatA / saMzodhakoM ne vijJAna ke dvArA aise upakaraNa khojeM haiM ki 'upayoga' lagAne para yAne ki 'baTana' dabAne para kisI ko bhI atinikaTavartI athavA atidUravartI vastuoM kA jJAna, samAna rUpa se hotA hai / isa avadhijJAna ke lie cAritrapAlana-dhyAna Adi kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / hara-eka paramANu meM ananta zakti kI saMkalpanA jaina darzana ne kI hai / paramANu vijJAna ne atomic energy saMkalpanA pratyakSa meM lAyI hai / yaha bhI avadhijJAna kA vistArita rUpa hI kahA jA sakatA hai / vaijJAnika khojoM kA agara mAnavI kalyANa ke lie upayoga kiyA to hama use 'suavadhi' kaha sakate haiM / agara vinAzaka kAryoM ke lie istemAla kiyA to hama use 'kuavadhi' kaha sakate haiN| kitane bhI vaijJAnika upakaraNoM se vastuoM kA jJAna ho lekina jo bhI jJAna hogA vaha saba jaina darzana ke anusAra, varNa-gandha-rasa aura zabdavAle pudgaloM kA hI hogA / upakaraNoM dvArA jAne gaye samanaska jIvoM ke antaraMgabhAva to vijJAna ke dAyare ke pare hI raheMge / jaina darzana dvArA kathita cAritravizuddhi aura avadhijJAna kA sambandha hama Adhunika pariprekSya meM bhI soca sakate haiM / jaba saMzodhaka viziSTa kSetra meM kAryarata hotA hai taba vaha ekAgra dhyAsa se sampanna hotA hai / moha aura kaSAya kI dRSTi se bhI aneka upabhogya vastuoM se nivRtta aura nirAsakta rahatA hai / isa avasthA ko hama 'dhyAna' bhI kaha sakate haiM / jaina avadhAraNA ke anusAra isa paMcama Are meM avadhijJAna kI saMbhAvanA hai| vividha vaijJAnika khojoM ne siddha kiyA hai ki eka dRSTikoNa se avadhijJAna kA kSetra bar3ha bhI rahA hai aura janasAdhAraNa ke lie khulA bhI ho rahA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki AdhyAtmika kSetra se bAhara Akara yaha jJAna vAstavavAdI pratyakSa kSetra meM praveza kara rahA hai|
Page #8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (6) mana:paryAya kA vizeSa vicAra : ___ jaina darzana ke anusAra, dUsaroM ke manogata bhAvoM ko jAnanA, mana:paryAyajJAna kahalAtA hai / manavAle (saMjJI) prANI kisI bhI vastu yA padArtha kA cintana mana dvArA karate haiM / cintanIya vastu ke bheda ke anusAra cintana meM pravRtta mana bhinna-bhinna AkRtiyoM ko dhAraNa karatA rahatA hai / ve AkRtiyA~ hI mana ke paryAya haiM aura una mAnasika AkRtiyoM ko sAkSAt jAnanevAlA jJAna mana:paryAya hai / mana:paryAyajJAna se kisI ke mana kI AkRtiyoM ko pratyakSa dekhakara bAda meM abhyAsavaza anumAna kara letA hai ki isa vyakti ne amuka vastu kA cintana kiyA / isake do bheda haiM - 1) Rjumati mana:paryAyajJAna aura 2) vipulamati mana:paryAyajJAna / 18 / / * mana ke bAre meM vaijJAnikoM meM hI matabheda hai / vaijJAnikoM ke eka varga kI mAnyatA yaha hai ki zarIra meM 'mana' nAma kI koI svatantra cIja astitva meM nahIM hai / mastiSka ke aneka saMvedanA-kendroM meM se kucha kendra sukha-duHkhaAnanda-kheda-krodha Adi bhAvanAoM kA niyantraNa karate haiM / dUsarI mAnyatA ke anusAra, mana ke vyApAroM para AdhArita mAnasazAstra nAma kI pUrI jJAnazAkhA prasthApita kI gayI hai / jaina dArzanikoM meM bhI koI cintaka mana aNurUpa mAnate haiM to koI mana ko vibhu (vyApaka) mAnate haiM / kinhIM jaina vicAravantoM ke mana ko madhyamaparimANI bhI mAnA gayA hai / mana ke bAre meM honevAle Adhunika matabheda jaina vicAravantoM meM bhI upasthita hai| * mana:paryAyajJAna kA aMgrejI rUpAntara 'TelipathI' yA mental knowledge ina donoM prakAroM se kiyA jAtA hai / isameM dUsarA bhASAntara adhika ThIka lagatA hai kyoMki TelipathI meM jo avadhAraNA hai, vaha mana kA kevala eka vyApAra hai| * jo bAta avadhijJAna ke bAre meM batAyI hai vaha prAya: mana:paryAyajJAna ko bhI upayojita ho sakatI hai / kyoMki mAnasazAstra kI vividha zAkhAe~ Aja vikasita ho rahI haiM / mAnasazAstra ke mukhya do zabda 'kaoNnzasa mAiMDa' aura 'sabakaoNnzasa mAiMDa' hai / zAyada jaina-darzana varNita 'antarAtmA' aura 'bahirAtmA' kI avadhAraNA isase milatIjulatI hai / paramAtmA ko hama 'suprA kaoNnzasa mAiMDa' bhI kaha sakate haiM / lekina isameM matabhinnatA bhI ho sakatI hai| * saMmohanazAstra ke anusAra, viziSTa paddhati se dUsaroM ke mana ko saMmohita kiyA jA sakatA hai / isa paddhati se dUsaroM ke mana kI AkRtiyA~ jAnI jA sakatI hai / isIlie hama kaha sakate haiM ki Adhunika mAnasazAstra mana:paryAyajJAna ke nikaTatama jA rahA hai| * mana:paryAyajJAna ke dArzanika vivecana meM aneka truTiyA~ dikhAI detI hai / avadhijJAna kI tulanA meM mana:paryAyajJAna ko 'sUkSma' mAnA hai / lekina kathA-sAhitya meM mana:paryAyajJAna dvArA manogata bhAvoM ko jAnane ke ullekha atizaya alpamAtrA meM pAye jAte haiM / garbhastha avasthA meM bha. mahAvIra ne unakI mAtA ke manogata bhAva 'avadhijJAna' se jAne the / gaNadharoM ke manogata prazna bha. mahAvIra ne kevalajJAna' ke dvArA jAne the / ina donoM paurANika mAnyatAoM meM mana:paryAyajJAna kA bilkula bhI jikra nahIM kiyA hai / * saiddhAntika dRSTi se mana:paryAyajJAna 'AtmA' ko hotA hai / jaina avadhAraNA meM mana kA sthAna pA~ca indriyoM se jyAdA mahattvapUrNa nahIM rakhA gayA hai / agara hotA to mana:paryAyajJAna 'mana' ko ho jAtA / lekina 'jJAna' guNa sirpha AtmA kA hai / aba yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki agara mana kA mahattva 'kama' hai to mana:paryAyajJAna ko cauthe krama para vizeSata: pUrNa AtmajJAna ke itane nikaTa kA sthAna kyoM diyA hai ? mana ke dvArA jAnI gayI vastuoM ke svarUpa ke bAre meM paravartI granthakAroM meM bhI matabheda dikhAyI dete haiM / * mana:paryAyajJAna ke dvArA 'dUsaroM' ke manogata bhAva jAnane ko mahattva diyA hai / lekina khuda' ke manogata bhAve ke jAnane ke bAre meM kucha kahA nahIM gayA hai / * mana:paryAyajJAnI dvArA jAne gae manogata bhAva kisI ko kahane kA prasaMga dArzanika grantha yA kathAgrantha meM nahIM pAyA jAtA / vaha to viziSTa vyakti meM yaha jJAna hai yA nahIM', yaha to dUsarA mana:paryAyajJAnI yA kevalI hI kaha
Page #9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sakatA hai / lekina isa prakAra ke kucha kathana kA prAvadhAna adhyAtmazAstra meM nahIM hai / ata: mana:paryAyajJAna AdhyAtmika pragati ke kasauTIzilA (Touch-stone) ke rUpa meM hI mAnA jA sakatA hai jo kevalajJAna taka vyakti kI pragati kA eka sAkSI hai / (6) kevalajJAna kA vizeSa vicAra : tattvArtha ke AdhAra se jaba kevalajJAna kI mAnyatA rUDha huI taba paravartI dArzanika granthoM meM usakA svarUpa nimna prakAra se batAyA jAtA hai - kevalajJAna kI pravRtti sabhI rUpI-arUpI dravyoM meM, sabhI paryAyoM meM aura tInoM kAleM meM hotI hai / 19 yaha jJAna kI atyucca AdhyAtmika avasthA hai / kevalajJAna ke dhAraka ko 'sarvajJa' kahate haiM / kevalajJAna kA dhAraka vyakti niyama se mokSa kA adhikArI hotA hai / * paMcaprakAraka jJAna meM yaha gRhItaka hai ki indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA ke binA sAkSAt AtmA ko jo jJAna hai ve AdhyAtmika dRSTi se ucca hai aura pahale do jJAna indriya aura mana para avalambita hone ke kAraNa 'laukika hai, lokottara' nahIM hai / vastusthiti yaha hai ki mati-zruta ke binA jJAna kI pragati asambhava hai / kevala 'sahAyatA ke binA' hone se kevalajJAna 'atyucca' kaise ho sakatA hai ? 'bandha jitanA satya hai utanA hI mokSa satya hai'-yaha sUtrakRtAMga meM spaSTatA se nirdiSTa kiyA hai / 20 isalie jJAnoM meM taratamabhAva rakhanA ucita nahIM hai| * dhAraNA yaha hai ki kevalajJAnI lokAloka ko jAnatA-dekhatA hai / agara aloka bhI dekhane ke dAyare meM A jAya to usakA 'alokatva' abAdhita nahIM raha sktaa| ___ * mUrta aura amUrta sabhI ko jAnane-dekhane para 'amUrtatva'kI saMkalpanA kA bhI laya ho jaaegaa| * traikAlika viSayoM kA jJAna anAdi-ananta sahita hone se sRSTi ke utpatti-vinAza kA prasaMga A jAegA / tathA niyativAda kI bhI sarvathA puSTi hogii| agara kevalI yaha saba jAnatA hai' to ThIka hai lekina agara 'dekhatA hai', 'darzana karatA hai', to vAkaI uparokta musIbata khaDI hogii| * yaha tArkika asambhavanIyatA TAlane ke lie hI paravartI vicAravantoM ne spaSTa kiyA hai ki kevalI 'niyata' ko 'niyata rUpa' meM aura aniyata' ko 'aniyata rUpa meM jAnatA hai / kAryakAraNamImAMsA kI dRSTi se jainiyoM kI avadhAraNA yaha hai ki viziSTa kArya ke niSpAdana meM karma-puruSArtha-svabhAva-kAla aura niyati ina pA~coM ghaTakoM kA samanvaya hotA hai / ata: saba kucha hone ke pahale hI jAnane meM jo niyativAda hai, vaha kAryakAraNa kI avadhAraNA meM svIkArA nahIM jaataa| * dArzanika granthoM meM sarvajJa kI saMkalpanA ko parilakSita kara ke khaNDanamaNDanAtmaka vAdavivAdAtmaka carcAe~ dikhAyI detI hai / yaha saMkalpanA atArkika hone ke kAraNa Adhunika jaina abhyAsakoM ne isakA ucita bhAvArtha janane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / paM. sukhalAlajI, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina jaise vidvAnoM ne yaha bhAvArtha vyakta kiyA hai ki, 'use sarvajJa kahA jAya jo hara-eka viSaya ko sApekSa rUpa se jAnatA hai, bhASika vyaktIkaraNa meM AgrahI nahIM rahatA hai aura AyuSya ke rAgadveSa, sukha-duHkha Adi sAkSIbhAva se dekhatA hai|' Adhunika pariprekSya meM kevalajJAna kA artha : Adhunika pariprekSya meM kevalajJAna kI eka tArkika upapattI sambhava ho sakatI hai / 'kevala' isa zabda kA mUlabhUta artha 'eka' hai / aMgrejI meM usakA bhASAntara 'specific' hai / Adhunika kAla meM vividha prakAra ke vijJAnoM kI zAkhA-prazAkhAsahita bahuta hI vRddhi ho rahI hai / isIlie jJAna kI dRSTi se Aja kA yuga specialization kA yuga hai / vaijJAnikoM ne bhI yaha mAnya kiyA hai ki jaba jJAna sUkSma, sUkSmatara ho jAtA hai taba vaha adhikAdhika specialized hI ho jAtA hai / saba prakAra ke vidvAna tInoM kAloM meM jAnanA azakya bAta hai / eka eka kA jJAna
Page #10
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhikAdhika gaharAI meM ho sakatA hai / ata: specialized jJAna ke sandarbha meM kevalajJAna saMjJA bahuta hI anvarthaka baiThatI hai kyoMki vaha kevala' zabda ke vyutpatyartha se milatIjulatI hai / (7) kumati-kuzruta-kuavadhi : tIna avadhAraNAe~ : 'matizrutA'vadhayo viparyayazca'21-isa sUtra kA matalaba hai ki mati-zruta aura avadhi ye tInoM paryAya laukika saMketa ke anusAra to jJAna hI haiM parantu AdhyAtmika zAstra ke saMketa ke anusAra mati-zruta aura avadhi ye tIne jJAnAtmaka paryAya mithyAdRSTi ke ajJAna haiM aura samyagdRSTi ke jJAna / samyagdRSTi aura mithyAdRSTi kA nikaSa indriyajJAna arthAt matijJAna ke lie upayojita karanA, ThIka nahIM lagatA / kyoMki jina jina vyaktiyoM kI indriyA~ sakSama hai, unako prAyaH indriyajJAnoM se honevAlA bheda thoDAsA taratamabhAva rakha ke prAyaH samAna hI hogA / samAna indriyabodhoM meM se kucha vyaktiyoM ke bodha ko 'sumati-bodha' kahanA aura kucha logoM ke bodha ko 'kumati-bodha' kahanA nItizAstrIya dRSTi se ThIka nahIM hai / vyakti saMsArabhimukha ho yA mokSAbhimukha ho, indriyabodha to samAna hI hogA / aura yaha bhI eka bAta yaha hai ki sAmAnyata: vyakti sadA ke lie saMsArAbhimukha aura sadA ke lie mokSAbhimukha hotA hI nahIM hai / Asakti aura virakti kA cakra calatA hI rahatA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki indriyabodha sArvajanIna aura sArvakAlika hone ke kAraNa AdhyAtmika nikaSa lagAkara, unheM acchA yA burA kahanA ucita nahIM hai / udAharaNArtha vyakti kisI bhI prakAra kI ho, kauo kA raMga kAlA hI hai zakkara kA svAda mIThA hI hai / mokSAbhimukha vyakti ko bhI isakA jJAna anya rUpa se kabhI nahIM hogA to saMsArAbhimukha vyakti ke jJAna ko 'kumatijJAna' kahane kA haka hameM nahIM hai / koI vyakti indriyoM ke anubhaveM kA upayoga Asakti meM pariNata kara sakatA to koI anAsakti meM / saMsAra ke lie yA mokSa ke lie poSaka honA yA na honA pUrNata: vyaktisApekSa hai / aindriyajJAna ko hama 'kumati' nahIM kaha sakate / * jo bAta matijJAna ke bAre meM hai vahIM zrutajJAna ke bAre meM bhI upayojita kI jA sakatI hai| kyoMki grantharUpa ho yA maukhika, zrutajJAna ekarUpa hI hai| usase kyA bodha lenA hai, yaha vyakti ke Upara nirbhara hai| ata: jJAna meM yathArthatA aura ayathArthatA samAviSTa nahIM hotI / agara aisA kaheM ki jo zrutajJAna asatya hai, bhramita karanevAlA hai, naitika adha:patana karAnevAlA hai, usako mithyAjJAna yA kuzruta kaha sakate haiM / jina granthoM ke nAma nandIkAra ne mithyAzruta ke antargata diye haiM uname se jyAdAtara grantha vyavahAropayogI jJAna kA avabodha karAte haiM / zAleya abhyAsakrama meM bhI jo vastusthiti-nidarzaka grantha haiM jaise ki itihAsa-bhUgola Adi, unako hama mithyAzruta nahIM kaha sakate cAhe ve mithyAdRSTi par3heM yA samyakdRSTi paDheM / kAvya-carita-purANa Adi kI bAta to aura hI hai| kyoMki unameM to satya aura kalpita kA evaM adabhuta kA bhI sammizraNa hotA hai / yaha bAta jainoMdvArA likhe hue kathA-carita-purANoM ko bhI lAgU hotI hai / jainoM ne likhA huA sAhitya aura jainetaroMdvArA likhA huA sAhitya ina donoM meM koI mUlabhUta pharka nahIM hai / vaise bhI ardhamAgadhIgranthoM meM bhI tIna-cAra grantha nizcita rUpa se kathA-dRSTAntAtmaka AdhAra se likhe hae haiM / isI tathya ko parilakSita kara ke nandIkAra ko mithyAzruta ke bAre meM vizeSa TippaNI likhanI paDI / isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki jJAna keUpara 'ku' yA 'su' sikkA lagAnA ThIka nahIM hai / dUsarI eka bAta yaha hai ki vaidika paramparA ke dArzanika ho yA jaina ho yA bauddha, saba ne apane-apane mUlAdhAra grantha, AmnAya yA Agama ko zruta kahA hai aura unako mokSopayogI hI mAnA hai / ata: anekAntavAdI jaina darzana ko yaha nahIM cAhie ki ve apane zAstroM ko hI mokSalakSyI mAne aura dUsaroM ko nahIM / agara mUla jaina paramparA meM abhiniveza hotA to uttarAdhyayana evaM nandI jaise granthoM meM anyaliMgasiddha' yaha saMjJA mokSagAmI jIvoM ke lie prayuka
Page #11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kI huI nahIM dikhAI detI / uttarAdhyayana ke isa sandarbha meM udAramatavAda jarUra dikhAyI detA hai parantu paravartI sAhitya meM yahI dikhAyA gayA hai ki AdhyAtmika yogyatA kA dhAraka koI bhI vyakti 'jainIkaraNa' ke binA mokSagAmI nahIM huaa| udAharaNa ke taura para hama jaina rAmAyaNa aura jaina mahAbhArata dekha sakate haiM / * avadhijJAna kA sambandha mukhyata: Atmika pragati aura AtmA dvArA prApta jJAna se hai / ata: vastutaH usameM kuavadhi kI koI sambhAvanA hI nahIM hai / kuavadhi saMjJA ke piche koI kAraNa jarUra rahA hogA / isakI kAraNamImAMsA isa prakAra kI jA sakatI hai - samAja meM kaI prakAra ke tApasa the / unake avadhijJAna ke darzaka prasaMga bhI pAye jAte haiM / khAsa kara, pAtaJjala yoga meM 'paracittajJAna' aura yoga ke dvArA prApta pratyakSa indriyabodhoM ke udAharaNa vibhUtiyoM ke varNana meM pAye jAte haiM / 23 umAsvAti ke pahale, pAjaJjala yogasUtroM kI racanA aura yoga kA pracalana ho cukA thA / unake dvArA varNita avadhidarzana aura jaina jJAnamImAMsA meM kuavadhijJAna kI avadhAraNA kI gayI hogI / jainetaroM ka dvArA prApta avadhijJAna ko ve sampUrNata: nakAra nahIM sake / yathArtha sthAna dene meM unakA mana hicakicAyA / pariNAmakza kuavadhi ke dAyare meM mithyAdRSTiyoM ke avadhijJAna ko rakhA gayA hogA / yahIM vajaha hogI ki jaina muniyoM dvA upayojita suavadhijJAna ke udAharaNa kathAgrantha meM Ate haiM lekina kuavadhijJAna ke udAharaNa nahIM ke barAbara pAye jAte haiM / I * kumati-kuzruta aura kuavadhi sUtra ke anantara sUtra meM tattvArtha ne khAsa kara do zabda prayukta kiye haiM / ve haiM yadRcchopalabdhi aura unmattavat / 24 aisA pratIta hotA hai ki mAdaka aura nazIlI cIjoM ke sevana se jo raMgabiraMge dRzya bhAsamAna hote haiM, jo tAtkAlika hai, jo bhramAdhAra hai - unako uddezya kara ke hI asala meM 'kuavadhi' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hogA / bAda meM vaha samyagdRSTi aura mithyAdRSTi se joDA gayA hogA / antimataH hama kaha sakate hai ki mati - zruta-avadhi kI avadhAraNAe~ 'mithyAdRSTi' aura 'samyagdRSTi' se sambandhita haiM / ye donoM saMjJAoM kA ucita artha lagAnA Avazyaka hai / jisa-jisa vyakti meM sAmAnyata: viveka, tarkabuddhi aura pakSapAtarahitatA hai, una una vyaktiyoM ko hama samyagdRSTi kaha sakate haiM, cAhe veM jainiyoM ke tattvaavadhAraNA-jJAnamImAMsA aura vratoM kI pAribhASikatA se aparicita kyoM na ho / abhiniveza dUra karane se ye taina jJAna khAlI 'AdhyAtmikatA' kI kakSA se bAhara hokara 'naitikatA' kI kakSA meM samA sakate haiM / (ba) jaina jJAnamImAMsA se sambandhita saMkIrNa vicAra : * vizva ke rahasya jaba Discovery Adi caeNnels para udghATita kiye jAte haiM taba aparihAryatA se jJAnAvaraNIya saMjJA kI yAda AtI hai / kyoMki jaina matAnusAra bhI 'AvaraNa' haTane se jJAna pragaTa ho jAtA hai / * jJAna kI carcA ke sAtha jaina tattvajJAna aura khAsa kara ke AcAra meM 'bhAvanAMka' ko bhI samAna mahattva diyA jAtA hai / matalaba yaha hai ki ise hama Adhunika paribhASA meM buddhyaMka (1.Q) aura bhAvanAMka (E.Q) kaha sakate haiM / 'tuSamASa' pada kA ghoSa karanevAle zivabhUti muni" aura eka eka prasaMga para cintana kara ke kevalajJAna taka pahu~canevAle 'pratyekabuddha'26 Adi udAharaNoM dvArA yaha parilakSita hotA hai ki 'bhAvanAMka' kA mahattva bhI jaina jJAnamImAMsA kA avibhAjya aMga hai / * bha. mahAvIra kA AyuSyakrama, jJAnArAdhanA, sAdhanA aura upadezakAla saba ke sAmane khulI kitAba kI taraha maujUda hai / tIvra grahaNazakti ke bAvajUda bhI unake AyuSya meM gurukulavAsa kA sthAna spaSTata: se ullikhita hai / ake jIvana meM yathArtha rUpa se pA~coM jJAnoM kA yathAyogya saMyoga dikhAI detA hai / buddhayaMka aura bhAvanAMka kA sammizraNa hai / hama yaha tAtparya nikAla sakate haiM ki aupacArika zikSaNa aura adhyAtma donoM parasparapUraka hai / * AgamoM meM antarnihita viSayoM kA lekhAjokhA agara koI le to mAlUma paDatA hai ki aupacArika jJAna ke anukUla vividha zAstroM ke samakAlIna vicAra AgamoM meM hI upalabdha haiM / udA. paNNavaNA, jIvAbhigama, sUryaprajJapti, gommaTasAra, dravyasaMgraha, paMcAstikAya Adi / bha. mahAvIra ko zAyada yaha apekSita thA ki nirIkSaNa-parIkSaNa ke dvArA 1
Page #12
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ uttaravartI AcArya isa laukika jJAna ko bhI jyAdA se jyAdA puSTa kareM / ___ * aupacArika jJAna evaM vyavahAra meM janmajAta buddhi, zikSaNa se prApta buddhi, abhyAsaprApta karmaja kauzalya evaM vaya-pariNAma ke sAtha prApta kiye anubhava ina cAroM kA samAveza 'caturvidha buddhi' ke antargata nAyAdhammakahA jaise Agamagrantha meM aura upadezapada jaise uttaravartI grantha meM pAyA jAtA hai / tattvArtha aura usa ke vyAkhyAkAroM ne pA~cajJAnoM meM caturvidha buddhi kI vyavasthA nahIM kI hai / isake sambandha meM nandIkAra kA prayatna stutya hai| * jaina paramparA meM dharmadhyAna ke cAra prakAra batAe~ haiM / ve haiM - AjJAvicaya, apAyavicaya, vipAkavicaya aura saMsthAnavicaya / 27 ina cAroM nAmoM para vizeSa vicAra kareM, to vijJAna kI ArAdhanA ke lie upayukta sabhI ghaTakoM kI upasthiti ina cAroM dhyAnoM meM pAyI jAtI hai / viziSTa kSetra meM pUrvakAlIna vaijJAnikoM ke saMzodhanoM kA saMkalana 'AjJAvicaya' meM apekSita hai / pUrvadhAraNA aura nUtanadhAraNA ke mAnane para upasthita honevAle doSayukta pariNAmoM ka cintana 'apAyavicaya' hai / eka vaijJAnika bhI hypothesis prasthApita karane ke lie yahI karatA hai / saMzodhana ke naye tarIke apanAne se pariNAmasvarUpa kaunase niSkarSa A sakate haiM, inakA andAja karanA aura prayoga karanA 'vipAkavacaya' hai / lokasvarUpa kA vicAra karanA saMsthAnavicaya' hai / hara-eka vaijJAnika cAheM kisI bhI jJAnazAkhA meM saMzodhana kareM antimata: vaha lokasvarUpa kA cintana hI hai| ____ vijJAna kI ArAdhanA ke lie zaMkA-kAMkSA-cikitsA-prayogazIlatA-zaMkAsamAdhAna-praznottara aura samIkSA Adi sabakI AvazyakatA hai / ina sabako hama scientific research methodology bhI kaha sakate haiM / ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM se kucha AgamoM meM uparokta prakAra kI prayogazIlatA pAyI jAtI hai - jaise nAyAdhammakahA ke parikhAdRSTAnta meM pAnI ke zuddhIkaraNa kA prayoga kara ke 'dravya-guNa-paryAya' siddhAnta kI sthApanA kI hai / 28 AtmA kA svarUpa jAnane ke lie rAjA pradezI aura kezikumAra zramaNa inakI upasthiti meM kiye gaye pratyakSa prayogoM kA ullekha rAjapraznIya meM zabdabaddha kiyA hai / 29 prArambhika grIka tattvajJAna jisa prakAra vijJAna meM phalita huA usI prakAra kI sambhAvanAe~ kaI AgamoM meM dikhAI detI haiM / lekina kAla ke ogha meM jaina paramparA meM prayogazIlatA kama hone lagI aura AcArapradhAnatA evaM AdhyAtmikatA baDhane lagI / pariNAmavaza jIvanopayogI lAkSaNika sAhitya kI nirmiti bahuta hI kama mAtrA meM huI jJAnamImAMsA se sambandhita vicAra kevala namUne ke taurapara diye haiM / aura bhI kaunakaunasI dRSTi se jJAnamImAMsa ho sakatI hai, ye zodhanibandha ke upasaMhAra meM digdarzita karate haiM / upasaMhAra evaM bhAvI saMzodhana : jaina darzana ke pA~ca prakAra ke jJAna, jaina jJAnamImAMsA meM atyanta mahattvapUrNa haiM / vividha dRSTikoNa apanAkara isakI carcA ho sakatI hai / aitihAsika pariprekSya meM jJAnamImAMsA ke parivartana evaM parivardhana aMkita kiye jA sakate haiM / sAmAjika evaM strIvAdI dRSTikoNa apanAkara kucha naye mudde upasthita ho sakate haiM / tattvamImAMsA kA prArUpa dhyAnameM rakhA to alaga citra pAyA jAtA hai / jainiyoM kI jJAnacarcA meM AdhyAtmikatA kI dRSTi to hai hI, lekina unameM se kaunase madde nItimUlyoM ke dAyare meM A sakate haiM aura kaunase sirpha AdhyAtmika haiM, isakA lekhajokhA bhI prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai / jJAnavijJAna ke sphoTa ke isa tIsare sahasraka meM ina pA~ca jJAnaprakAroM kI Adhunika cikitsA kI jA sakatI hai| hameM mAlUma hai ki isa zodhanibandha meM kucha muddoM ko sparza kiyA hai, kucha ko nahIM kara sake haiM / jaise se viSayakI gaharAI meM calate gaye vaise vaise lagA ki yaha to eka svatantra praoNjekTa ho sakatA hai / AzA hai ki yenirIkSaNa samagra-carcA kI kucha dizAe~ taya karane meM kAmayAba hoMge /
Page #13
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ pA~ca jJAnaprakAroM kI nayI upapatti : kisI bhI vicArI, vivekI, pakSapAtarahita aura nItimUlyoM kI kadra karanevAle manuSya ko ye pA~ca jJAnaprakAra jIvanabhara dIpastaMbha kI taraha mArgadarzaka ho sakate haiM / isa duniyA meM praveza pAte hI, kiMbahunA garbhAvasthA se hI mmuSya kI jJAnaprakriyA kA bhI Arambha ho jAtA hai / bAlyAvasthA meM vizeSata: pA~ca varSataka aindriya jJAna ko svIkAranekI, vyavasthA lagAne kI aura pratikriyA dene kI pravRtti adhika prabalarUpa se hotI hai / zAleya-mahAvidyAlayIna zikSaNa meM mukhyata: zrutajJAna ko avasara diyA jAtA hai / andAjana 30-40 sAlataka jJAna ke vizAla kSitija aura vyaktigata jJAnasampAdana kI avadhi' yAne maryAdA ko hama jAnane lagate haiM / lagabhaga 50-60 kI umra meM apekSita hai ki hama antarmukha hokara apane hI mana:paryAyoMpara dhyAna kendrita kareM / 60-70 ke bAda cAhe Atmika unnati meM ho, cAhe sAmAjika kSetra meM ho, cAhe jJAnArAdhanA meM ho yA kalAsAdhanA meM - hameM Avazyaka hai ki kevala' yane 'ekatva' kI bhAvanA kI puSTi karate karate khuda taya kiyA huA rAstA Akhirataka niSThApUrvaka apanAte rheN| agara hama cAhate haiM to jJAna ke ye pA~ca prakAra hamArI jIvanazailI ko ujAgara kara sakate haiM aura zAyada yahI sahI mAyane meM 'samyaktva' kA artha hai / sandarbha-sUci 1) sarvArthasiddhi, prathama adhyAya, pR.8, pariccheda 6 2) uttarAdhyayana, kezi-gautamIya adhyayana 23.25 3) samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH / tattvArthasUtra 1.1 4) tat pramANe / Adye parokSam / pratyakSamanyat / tattvArthasUtra 10-12 5) tattvArthasUtra 1.15-19 6) indriyArthasannikarSajanyaM jJAnaM pratyakSam / 7) sparzarasagandhavarNavantaH pudgalAH / zabdabandhasaukSmyasthaulyasaMsthAnabhedatamazchAyA''tapoddyotavantazca / / tattvArthasUtra 5.23-24 8) nandIsUtra, sUtra 77 9) nandIsUtra, sUtra 73-74 10) nandIsUtra, sUtra 80 11) nandIsUtra, sUtra 81 12) dvividho'vadhiH / tatra bhavapratyayo nArakadevAnAm / yathoktanimitta: SaDvikalpa: zeSANAm / / tattvArthasUtra 21-23 13) jambUdvIpaprajJapti, vakSaskAra 5 14) jJAtAdharmakathA, zrutaskandha 1, adhyayana 14, tetaliputra-poTTiladeva saMvAda 15) vipAkasUtra, zrutaskandha 2, adhyayana 1, subAhU, sUtra 23 16) sarvArthasiddhi, prathama adhyAya, pR.48-72, pariccheda 34-161 17) 'The World of Tiryancas', A paper published in 'The Collected Papers in Prakrit & Jainology' (Vol.II), Dr. Nalini Joshi, Seth H.N.Jain Chair, Firodia Publications, 2012 18) RjuvipulamatI manaHparyAya / vizuddhyapratipAtAbhyAM tadvizeSaH / tattvArthasUtra 24-25 19) sarvadravyaparyAyeSu kevalasya / tattvArthasUtra 1.30 20) sUtrakRtAMga, zrutaskandha 2, adhyAya 5, gAthA 15 21) matizrutA'vadhayo viparyayazca / tattvArthasUtra 1.32 22) nandIsUtra, sUtra 49, uttarAdhyayana 23) pAtaJjalayogasUtra, vibhUtipAda, sUtra 19 ; vibhUtipAda, sUtra 36 24) sadasatoravizeSAd yadRcchopalabdherunmattavat / tattvArthasUtra 1.33 25) tusamAsaM ghosaMto bhAvavisuddho mahANubhAvo ya / NAmeNa ya sivabhUI kevalaNANI phuDaM jAo / aSTapAhuDa 5.53
Page #14
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 26) a) tattvArthasUtra 10.7 ba) kumArapAlapratibodha, prastAva 3, pR.298, bhAvanAyAM ilAputrakathA 27) AjJA'pAyavipAkasaMsthAnavicayA ya dharmamapramattasaMyatasya / tattvArthasUtra 9.37 28) jJAtAdharmakathA, zrutaskandha 1, adhyayana 12, parikhAjala dRSTAnta 29) rAjapraznIya, paesi-kahANagaM, sUtra 748-763 Bi Ye Sheng Xue Ye Jiang Xue *** sandarbha-grantha-sUci 1) tattvArthasUtra : vAcaka umAsvAti, vivecaka - paM. sukhalAla saMghavI, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI, 2001 2) sarvArthasiddhi : A.pUjyapAda, marAThI anuvAda va saMpAdana - prA. kaMDArakara, zahA, padma prakAzana, puNe, vI.ni.saM.2032 3) nandIsUtra : saM. madhukara muni, AgamaprakAzana samiti, byAvara (rAjasthAna), 1991 4) uttarAdhyayanasUtra : navasuttANi 5, saM.A. mahAprajJa, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM (rAjasthAna), 1987 5) nAyAdhammakahAo ANi vivAgasuyaM (jJAtAdharmakathA) ANi (vipAkazruta) : aMgasuttANi 3, saM.A. mahAprajJa, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM (rAjasthAna), 1992 6) rAyapaseNiyaM ANi jIvAjIvAbhigama : uvaMgasuttANi 4, saM.A. mahAprajJa, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM (rAjasthAna), 1987