Prakrit Exercise Book

Author(s): Kamalchand Sogani
Publisher: Apbhramsa Sahitya Academy
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/006529/1

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Prakrta Exercise Book (English Translation of the Author's Book in Hindi *Praksta Abhyasa Saurabha') Dr. Kamal Chand Sogani NANujjIvI jIvo jainavidyA saMsthAna zrI mahAvIrajI Apabhramsa Sahitya Academy Jaina Vidya Samsthana Digambara Jaina Atisaya Ksetra Sri Mahaviraji Rajasthan in Education International For Private & Personal use only

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Praksta Exercise Book (English Translation of the Author's Book in Hindi 'Praksta Abhyasa Saurabha') Dr. Kamal Chand Sogani (Former Professor of Philosophy M.L. Sukhadia University Udaipur) Published by Apabhramsa Sahitya Academy Jaina Vidya Samsthana Digambara Jaina Atisaya Ksetra Sri Mahaviraji Rajasthan

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Publisher: Apabhramsa Sahitya Academy (Jaina Vidya Samsthana) Digambara Jaina Atisaya Ksetra Sri Mahaviraji Sri Mahaviraji - 322 220 (Rajasthan) Copies From: 1. 2. Jaina Vidya Samsthana Sri Mahaviraji - 322 220 (Rajasthan) Telephone: 07469-2224323 Sahitya Vikraya Kendra Digambara Jaina Nasiyam Bhattarakaji Savai Ramasimha Road, Jaipur - 302 004 Tel.: 0141-2385247 All rights reserved First Edition: 2006 Price: Rs. 400/- US$ 20 - Computer Typesetting: Shyam Agarwal A-336, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur 302 017 (Rajasthan) Ph.: 0141-2524138 Printed at: Jaipur Printers Pvt. Ltd. M.I. Road, Jaipur - 302 001 Telephone: 0141-2373822, 2362468

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Contents Exercise No. Subject Page No. Basic book for solving Exercises Prelusive Dedication Introduction Present Tense Praksta Grammar and Composition Lessons 1 to 8 Imperative Praksta Grammar and Composition Lessons 9 to 16 Past Tense 12 Prakrta Grammar and Composition Lessons 17 to 18 Future Tense 15 Praksta Grammar and Composition Lessons 19 to 26 Praksta Grammar and Composition Lesson 27 19 Intransitive Verbs Reviewal 24 Praksta Grammar and Composition Lessons 1 to 16 Prakrta Grammar and Composition Lessons 19 to 26 Reviewal 29 Reviewal 33 Praksta Grammar and Composition Lessons 1 to 27 Reviewal 37 Praksta Grammar and Composition Lessons 1 to 27 Praksta Exercise Book

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Subject Exercise No. Basic book for solving * Page No. Exercises 10. Absolutive 40 Praksta Grammar and Composition Lesson 28 11. 45 12. 50 Infinitive Praksta Grammar and Composition Lesson 29 Reviewal Praksta Grammar and Composition Lessons 28-29 a-ending Praksta Grammar and Masculine Nouns Composition (Singular Number Lessons 30-31 and Intransitive Verbs) 13. 54 14. 59 15. 64 a-ending Prakrta Grammar and Masculine Nouns Composition (Plural Number) Lesson 32 a-ending Praksta Grammar and Neuter Nouns Composition (Singular Number Lessons 34-35 and Intransitive Verbs) a-ending Prakrta Grammar and Neuter Nouns Composition (Plural Number) Lesson 36 16. 69 17. 74 a-ending Prakrta Grammar and Feminine Nouns Composition (Singular Number Lessons 38-39 and Intransitive Verbs) 18. a-ending Feminine Nouns (Plural Number) Prakyta Grammar and Composition Lesson 40 Praksta Grammar and Composition Lessons 30 to 40 19. Reviewal 84 iV * Prakyta Exercise Book

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Exercise Subject : Page No. Basic book for solving Exercises No. 20. 89. Past Participle (Active Voice) Praksta Grammar and Composition Lesson 42 21. Present Participle 96 Prakrta Grammar and Composition Lesson 43 22. 103 Past Participle (Impersonal Form) 23. Reviewal 109 Praksta Grammar and Composition Lesson 45 Praksta Grammar and Composition Lessons 1 to 45 Praksta Grammar and Composition Lesson 47 24. 112 Intransitive Verbs (impersonal Form) 25. 116 26. 119 27. 123 Obligatory and Prakrta Grammar and Potential Participle Composition (Impersonal Form) Lesson 49 Reviewal Praksta Grammar and Composition Lessons 42 to 49 Noun-Pronoun Praksta Grammar and (Transitive Verbs) Composition Accusative Case Lessons 51-52 (Singular & Plural) Transitive Verbs Prakrta Grammar and Composition Lesson 53 Nouns Praksta Grammar and (i, i - ending and Composition u, u - ending Mas. Lessons 55 to 61 Neu. and Fem.) 28. 128 29. 130 Praksta Exercise Book

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Exercise Subject No. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. vi Nouns and Verbs Nouns and Transitive Verbs Participles Passive Voice (Instrumental Case) Different Participles Noun-Pronoun Dative and Genitive Case (Singular & Plural) Noun-Pronoun Ablative Case, Locative Case (Singular & Plural) Causative Suffixes Retainer of Innate Meaning Suffixes (Svarthika Suffixes) Different Pronouns & Indeclinables Irregular Passive Voice Irregular Past Participle Basic book for solving Exercises Prakrta Grammar and Composition Lessons 30 to 40 and Lessons 54 to 59 Prakrta Grammar and Composition Lessons 53-54 Prakrta Grammar and Composition Lessons 57-62 Prakrta Grammar and Composition Lesson 64 Prakrta Grammar and Composition Lessons 66 to 69 Prakrta Grammar and Composition Lessons 7 1 to 77 Prakrta Grammar and Composition Lesson 78 Prakrta Grammar and Composition Lessons 79 to 81 Page No. 133 136 139 143 145 147 150 153 156 159 Prakrta Exercise Book

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Subject Page No. Exercise No. Basic book for solving Exercises 40. 169 Abbreviations and Method of Grammatical Analysis 41. 174 Praksta Story and Its English Translation (Kassesa Bhajja) 42. 180 Grammatical Analysis of the Story (Kassesa Bhajja) Praksta Exercise Book vii

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Diacritical Marks Vowels co Consonants dr sol m l khr still mr bm. is mr bh She # mhr lHr - hr h . (Anusvara) : (Visarga) m Prakrta Exercise Book

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Prelusive We feel great pleasure in placing 'Prakrta Exercise Book' in the hands of the readers. In fact, this book is the English translation of the second edition of 'Prakrta Abhyasa Saurabha' published in 2004 by the Apabhramsa Sahitya Academy, Jaipur. It goes without saying that Prakrta language is one of the richest Indo-Aryan languages. It is the most ancient and sacred language of India. The early Vedic literature is not averse to Prakrta expressions, which indicate its ancient character. It is incontrovertible that Prakrta was the mother-tongue of Mahavira and Buddha, who used this language as the medium of their sermons. Prakrta, the flowing language gave rise to Apabhramsa in course of time. It is of capital importance to note that Prakrta is the language of the masses. Its vast literature in varied literary forms contributes to the dignity and excellence of the cultural heritage of Indian tradition. The author of the Agamas and their commentaries, Kundakunda, Hala, Vimalasuri, Sivarya, Vattakera, Haribhadra, Vakapatiraja, Pravarasene, Nemicandra, Kartikeya Svami, Hemacandra etc. are the celebrated literary personalities of Prakrta language. In the 3rd century B.C. it was the lingua franca of Northern India. From East to West and Kasmir (North) to Maharastra (South), it has served the need of literary world as also of the common men. It is to the credit of Prakrta language that it has given rise to Apabhramsa language from which the modern Indian languages like Sindhi, Panjabi, Marathi, Bengali, Gujarati, Kasmiri, Maithili, Rajasthani, Udiya etc. have grown. Even the national language Hindi owes its origin to Prakrta and Apabhramsa. Most of the literary tendencies in Hindi literature flow from the glorious tradition of Prakrta and Apabhramsa language. Thus the relation between Prakrta-Apabhramsa and Hindi is very intimate. In consequence, the proper understanding of Prakrta and Apabhramsa Prakrta Exercise Book xi

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language and literature is indispensible for comprehending the development of Hindi literature rightly and adequately. Recognising the importance of Praksta and Apabhraisa languages in the cultural history of India, the Managing Committe of Digambara Jaina Atisaya Ksetra, Sri Mahaviraji established Apabhraisa Sahitya Academy in 1988, which runs correspondence courses for teaching Praksta and Apabhraisa languages. The Academy has published books for the implementation of these courses. Books on Praksta Grammar and Composition, Praksta Exercises, Apabhraisa Grammar and Composition, Apabhraisa Exercises have been published for those desirous of learning Praksta and Apabhramsa languages through Hindi medium. For teaching Praksta language to the English knowing people, our new publication, 'Praksta Exercise Book' which is the English translation of 'Prakyta Abhyasa Saurabha' in Hindi will facilitate the learning of Praksta to the students of English language. 'Apabhramsa Grammar and Composition' and 'Prakrta Grammar and Composition' have already been published. 'Apabhraisa Exercise Book' is in the process of publication. We offer our thanks to the learned researchers of the Samsthana (Institute) specially Smt. Shakuntala Jain and to M/s Jaipur Printers Pvt. Ltd. for organising the publication of the book. Naresh Kumar Sethi Narendra Patni Dr. Kamal Chand Sogani President Secretary Samyojaka Managing Committee Jaina Vidya Samsthana Samiti Digambara Jaina Atisaya Ksetra Jaipur Sri Mahaviraji Mahavira Jayanti 11 April, 2006 xii Praksta Exercise Book

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Dedicated To Dr. A.N. Upadhye And Dr. Hiralal. Jain Prakrta Exercise Book xiit

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Introduction Relating to Praksta language, the following should be understood. Alphabets of Praksta Vowels 31, 371, 3, 2, 3, 3, 8, 377 a, a, i, i, u, u, e, o - Consonants as, a, 7, 9, 3 ka, kha, ga, gha, na 7, 5, , 57, 37 ca, cha, ja, jha, na c, 3, 5, 7, u ta, tha, da, dha, na ta, tha, da, dha, na a ", q, H, pa, pha, ba, bha, ma ya, ra, la, va sa, ha . (Anusvara) m, (Anunasika) It may be noted here that in Prakrta the use of na and na is not found in non-conjunct form. In Hemacandra Prakyta Grammar the use of na and na in conjunct form is traceable. The use of na is seen in conjunct and non-conjunct form. The alternative of na, na, na in conjunct form is m. Praksta Exercise Book XV

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Number : In Prakrta language, there are only two numbers :1. Singular 2. Plural Gender: In Praksta language, there are three Genders :1. Masculine Gender 2. Feminine Gender 3. Neuter Gender Person : In Prakrta language, there are only three Persons :1. First Person 2. Second Person 3. Third Person Case : In Praksta language, there are eight Cases :1. Nominative Case 2. Accusative Case 3. Instrumental Case 4. Dative Case 5. Ablative Case 6. Genitive Case 7. Locative Case 8. Vocative Case Verb: In Praksta language, there are only two kinds of Verbs 1. Transitive 2. Intransitive Tense : In Praksta language, there are four type of Tenses :1. Present Tense 2. Past Tense 3. Future Tense 4. Imperative Words : In Praksta language, four kinds of Words are in use :1. a-ending 2. i-i-ending 3. a- ending 4. u-u-ending xvi Prakrta Exercise Book

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The Vocalic sounds of the Devanagari Syllabary in combination with the consonants of the syllabary kA kI H ki ki ku ku jeongyi, ka E kha kha kha khA kha khi khi khI khi khu khu khU kho khe khe kho kho ga ga gA ga gi gi gI gi gu gu gU gu ge ge go go gha gha pha ghA ghe ghi ghi ghI ghi ghu giu ghU ghu ghe ghe gho gho Prakrta Exercise Book xvil

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na ma fini ruhu ne no cA l`y l`w ra ci ci ca 2 2 4 cha . cha cha - chA cha chi chi chI chi chu chu chU chu che che cho cho | ja ja jA ja ji ji jI ji ju ju jU ju je je jo jo jha jha jhA jha jhi jhi jhI jhi jhu jhu jhU jhu jhe jhe jho jho xviii Praksta Exercise Book

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na ya Ja JA ji jI ju ne jo na ni Ta TA t Ti TI Tu TU Te To - tha ThaThA Thi tha tha thi ThI thi Thu thu ThU thu The the Tho tho Da da DA da Di di DI di Du du DU du De de Do do dha __ Dha DhA DhiDhI dha dha dhi dhi du dhu dU Dhe dhu' dhe Dho dho Praksta Exercise Book xix

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Na na ta ta 65 tha tha da dha dha XX Na na ta ta tha da da dha dha NA na tA ta thA tha dA da waa dha Ni va ni thi thi di di $ dhi dhi ni ti ti t n tI thI thi di dhI dhi Nu NU nu nu tu tu thu thu du du (15) dhu tU tu khw thU thu dU du dhU dhu Ne ne naTa te the the de de dhe No no to to tho tho do do dho dho Prakrta Exercise Book .

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na na na nA na ni ni nI ni nu nu nU nu ne ne no no pa pa pa pA pa pi pi pI pi pu pu pU pu pe pe po po pha phaphA pha phi phi phi phI phi phu phu phU phu phe phe pho pho Ba ba ba bA ba bi bi bI bi bu bu bU - be bu be bo bo Bha bha bhAbhi bhabha bhi bhI bhi bhu bhu bhU bhu bhe bhe bho bho Ma Ma ma mA ma ma mi mi mI mu mU me mo mi mu mu me mo Praksta Exercise Book xxi

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ya ya yA ya yi yI yiyi yu yu yU yu ye ye yo yo ra rArirI ru rU re ro ra re ri ru ru ru re ro lA li lI l`w la le lo = va . vA vU vi vI vi vu vu ve ve va . 1. sa sa sA sa si si sI s i su su sU su se. se so so ha Ha ha ha hi hi hu hu ho ho xxii Prakrta Exercise Book

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Exercise 1 (A) Translate the following sentences into Praksta. Write all the alternatives of the inflected Personal Pronouns and the Verbal forms. 1. He laughs. 2. They both dance. 3. You hide. 4. I sulk. 5. They both wake up. 6. We all sleep. 7. You all live. 8. They all stay. 9. I bathe. 10. She becomes. 11. You both laugh. 12. We all dance. 13. They all hide. 14. You sulk. 15. I wake up. 16. He sleeps. 17. They all live. 18. I stay. 19. They bathe. 20. You all become. 21. You dance. 22. They all laugh. 23. She hides. 24. They all sulk. 25. You wake up. 26. You all sleep. 27. I live. 28. We all stay. 29. She bathes. 30. They both become. 31. I laugh. 32. You all dance. 33. We hide. 34. She sulks. 35. We all wake up. 36. I sleep. 37. She lives. 38. You stay. 39. We both bathe. 40. I become. 41. You laugh. 42. He dances. 43. I hide. 44. We all sulk. 45. You both wake up. 46. They all sleep. 47. We both live. 48. She stays. 49. You all stay. 50. You bathe. 51. We laugh. 52. I dance. 53. You both hide. 54. You all sulk. 55. She wakes up. 56. you sleep. 57. You live. 58. You both stay. 59. You both bathe. 60. We all become. Examples :1. He laughs - So Hasai/Hasae/Hasadi/ Hasade/Hasei/Hasedi. 8. They all stay = (i) Ta/Tau/ Thanti-Thanti/ Tao Thante + Thante/Thaire. (ii) Te Thanti-Thanti/ Thante Thante/Thaire. 15.I wake up = Aham/Ham/ Jaggami/Jaggami/ Ammi Jaggemi. Note : In order to solve the above exercise 1, study lessons 1 to 8 of "Praksta Grammar and Composition". Prakrta Exercise Book

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39. We both bathe - Amhe/Vayam 56. You sleep = Tumam/Tum/ Nhamo/Nhamu/ Nhama. Sayasi/Sayase/ Sayesi. Thaha/Thadha/ Thaittha. Tuha 58. You both stay - Tumhe/Tujjhel Tubbhe (B) Translate the following sentences into Praksta according to the rules given in the footnotes of the lessons 1 to 8 of "Prakta Grammar and Composition". Lesson . 1 Rule (3) (a-ending Verb) 1. I sulk. 2. I wake up. 3. I live. 4. I sleep. 5. I dance. Lesson - 2 Rule (1) (ii) 6. You hide. 7. You dance. 8. You sulk. 9. You sleep. 10. You bathe. Lesson - 3 Rule (1) (ii, iii), Rule (2) (iii) 11. He sleeps. 12. He becomes. 13. He dances. 14. He lives. 15. He laughs. Lesson - 8 Rule (6) (i, ii, iii) 16. We all dance. 17. I bathe. 18. She lives. 19. They all stay. 20. You both laugh. 21. You sulk. 22. You all live. 23. She becomes. 24. They all sulk. 25. She bathes. Examples : - 1. Isulk - Aham/Ham/ Ammi Rusam. 6. You hide : Tumas/Tum/Tume Lukkasi/Lukkase/Lukkesi. 11. He sleeps - Sa/Se Sayati/Sayeti. 16. We all dance - Amhe/Vayam Naccejja/Naccejja. 19. They all stay : (i) Ta/Tau/Tao Thajja/Thajja/Thaeja/Thieja. (ii) Te Thajja/Thajja/Thaejja/Thaejja. 23. She becomes - Sa Hojja/Hojja/Hoejja/Hoejja. Prakyta Exercise Book

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(C) Write the inflected Personal Pronouns in agreement with the Number of the following Verbal forms. Naccanti 2. Jaggemi 4. Rusai 5. Thami 7. Lukkadha 8. Nhama 10. Jaggasi 11. Sayae 13. Naccamo 14. Rusaha 16. Nhamo 17. Sayam 19. Lukketi 20. Thai 22. ...... Jivittha 23. 25. Naccam 26. 28. Jivedi 29. 31. Jaggire 32. 34. Lukkesi 35. 37. Jaggemo 38. 40. ...... Hasante 41. 43. Homa 44. 46. Nhaha 47. 49. Lukkamu 50. 52. Hodi 53. 55. Sayeti 56. 58. Sayante 59. 61. Naccemi 62. 64. Sayami 65. 67. Hoejja 68. Examples: . 1. ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ****** ...... ...... ****** ****** 1. Ta/Te 2. Aham/Ham/Ammi 3. Amhe/Vayam Prakrta Exercise Book ...... 3. 6. 9. 12. 15. 18. 21. Jaggante 24. Rusesi 27. Hoha 30. Rusemi 33. Naccase 36. Sayade Rusedha 39. Jivamu ........ Lukkeittha 42. Thasi Rusejja 45. Jiventi Naccati 48. Hasae Sayaha 51. Jagganti Naccante 54. Nhaejja Nhaittha 57. Rusenti Thadi 60. Jivam Rusase 63. Naccai Sayei 66. Jivaha Sayamo 69. Sayenti ...... ................ ...... ****** ****** ...... ****** ...... ****** ****** Naccanti. Jaggemi. Sayama. ****** ****** ****** ...... ****** ****** ****** ****** ****** ...... ****** ...... Sayama Hasase Lukkam Homi Lukkanti Jivase Hasamu Nhamu Sayadi Sayejja Hasadha ****** 3

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(D) Write all the alternative forms of the Present Tense of Verbs given in brackets in agreement with the following Personal Pronouns. 1. Amhe (Hasa) 2. Tumam (Saya) 3. So (Nacca) 4. Aham (Rusa) 5. Tumhe (Lukka) 6. Te (Jagga) 7. Vayam (Jiva) 8. Sa (Nha) 9. Ta (Tha) 10. Tujjhe (Ho) 11. Amhe (Lukka) 12. Tao (Rusa) 13. Ham (sacca) 14. So (Jagga) 15. Tuha (Jiva) 16. Amhe (wha) 17. Ta (Ho) 18. Tubbhe (Saya) 19. Tume (Lukka) 20. Tumhe (Rusa) 21. Vayam (Nacca) 22. Ammi (Jagga) 23. So (Jiva) 24. Tum (Nha) 25. Tubbhe (Ho) 26. Tau (Tha) 27. Tujjhe (Hasa) 28. Tume (Tha) 29. Te (Saya) 30. Sa (Hasa) Example: 1. Amhe Hasamo/Hasamu/Hasama. (E) Point out the Person, Number, Original Verb and the Suffixes in the following Verbal forms of the Present Tense. 1. Naccanti 2. Sayasi 3. Rusai 4. Jaggam 5. Sayittha 6. Naccati 7. Rusami 8. Lukkanti 9. Hasase 10. Thadi 11. Nhamu 12. Sayase 13. Jivaha 14. Rusante 15. Jaggesi 16. Jivase 17. Lukkami 18. Hasedi Prakrta Exercise Book

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19. Homa 22. Nhami 25. Naccasi 28. Hosi 31. Jivae 34. Ruseti Examples. 20. Naccam 23. Hasadha 26. Hoittha 29. Thamu 32. Naccae 35. Lukkam Person 1. Naccanti Third Person 4. Jaggam First Person Number Prakrta Exercise Book Plural Singular 21. Jivati 24. Hasante 27. Lukkire 30. Jaggemi 33. Jivade 36. Hasati Original Verb Nacca Jagga Example - 1. First Person Nominative Plural Amhe/Vayam (F) Write forms of the Personal Pronoun expressed by the following. 1. First Person Nominative Plural 2. Second Person Nominative Plural 3. Third Person Nominative Plural (Masculine) 4. First Person Nominative Singular 5. Third Person Nominative Singular (Masculine) 6. Second Person Nominative Singular 7. Third Person Nominative Plural (Feminine) 8. Third Person Nominative Singular (Feminine) Suffix nti 5

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(G) Point out the Person, Case, Number and Gender in the following Personal Pronouns. 1. Amhe 2. Te 4. Vayam 5. Tumam 7. Aham 8. Tujjhe 10. Sa Example - 1. Amhe 6 11. Ham 3. Tubbhe 6. So 9. Tao 12. Tuha Person Case Number First Person Nominative Plural Gender All the three Genders Prakrta Exercise Book

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Exercise 2 (A) Translate the following sentences into Prakrta. Write all the alternatives of the inflected Personal Pronouns and the Verbal forms. 1. They both should/may dance. 2. We all should/may sleep. 3. He should/may laugh. 4. You all should/may live. 5.I should/ may sulk. 6. You should/may hide. 7. They both should/may wake up. 8. They all should/may stay. 9. He/ She should/may become. 10. You both should/may laugh. 11. We all should/may dance. 12. I should/may bathe. 13. You should/may sulk. 14. They all should/may hide. 15. He should/may sleep. 16. I should/may wake up. 17. They all should/may live. 18. He should/may bathe. 19. I should/may stay. 20. You all should/may become. 21. They all should/may laugh. 22. You should/may dance. 23. He should/ may hide. 24. You should/may wake up. 25. They all should/may sulk. 26. I should/may live. 27. You all should/may sleep. 28. We all should/may stay. 29. They all should/may become. 30. They both should/may stay. 31. I should/may laugh. 32. You both should/may dance. 33. We all should/may hide. 34. She should/may sulk. 35. We all should/may wake up. 36. I should/ may sleep. 37. She should/may live. 38. You should/may stay. 39. We all should/may bathe. 40. I should/may become. 41. He should/may dance. 42. You should/may laugh. 43. I should/may hide. 44. They all should/may sleep. 45. We all should/may laugh. 46. You both should/may wake up. 47. They all should/may sulk. 48. She should/may stay. 49. You all should/may stay. 50. You should/may bathe. 51. We both should/may sulk. 52. You all should/may hide. 53. I should/may dance. 54. You all should/ may sulk. 55. He should/may wake up 56. You should/may sleep. 57. You should/may live. 58. You both should/may stay. 59. You all should/may bathe. 60. We all should/may become. Note : In order to solve the above exercise 2, study lessons 9 to 16 of "Prakrta Grammar and Composition". Prakrta Exercise Book 7

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Examples :1. They both should/ =Te/Ta Naccantu/Naccentu. may dance 9. He/She should/ - So/Sa Hou/Hodu. may become 22. You should/ - Tumam/ Naccahi/Naccasu/Naccadhi/ may dance Tus/ Naccehi/Naccesu/Naccedhi/ Tuha Nacca/Naccejjasu/Naccejjahi/ Naccejje. 31. I should/ = Aham/ Hasamu/Hasamu/ may laugh Ham) Hasimu/Hasemu. Ammi 49. You all should/ - Tumhel Thaha/ may stay Tujjhel Thadha. Tubbhe 60. We all should/ - Amhel Homo. may become Vayam (B) Translate the following sentences into Praketa according to the rules given in the footnotes of the lessons 9 to 16 of "Praksta Grammar and Composition". Lesson - 9 Rule (3) (ii) 1. I should live. 2. I should laugh. 3. I should hide. 4. I should wake up. 5. I should dance. Lesson - 10 Rule (2) (iii) 6. You should wake up. 7. You should sulk. 8. You should hide. 9. You should sleep. 10. You should live. Lesson * 11 Rule (2) (ii) 11. He should sleep. 12. He should sulk. 13. She should hide. 14. She should wake up. 15. He should live. Prakrta Exercise Book

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Lesson - 12 Rule (2) (i) 16. I should stay. 17. You should become. 18. He should bathe. 19. You should stay. 20. She should become. Lesson - 13 Rule (2) (ii) 21. We both should live. 22. We all should hide. 23. We both should dance. 24. We all should wake up. 25. We both should sulk. Lesson - 14. Rule (2) (ii) 26. You both should hide. 27. You all should sulk. 28. You both should wake up. 29. You all should live. 30. You all should dance. Lesson - 15 Rule (2) (ii) 31. They both should wake up. 32. They all should live. 33. They both should dance. 34. They all should sleep. 35. They both should laugh. Lesson - 16 Rule (6) (i) 36. We all should stay. 37. You all should become. 38. They all should bathe. 39. We all should become. 40. They all should stay. Examples : - 1. I should live : Jivejja/Jivejjami. Aham/Ham/ Ammi 6. You should wake up : Tumam/Tur/ Jaggejja/Jaggejjasi/ Tume Jaggejjahi. 11. He should sleep - So Saye/Sayejja. 16. I should stay = Aham/Ham/ Thaejja/Thaejjami. Ammi 21. We both should live - Amhe/Vayam Jivejjama. 26. You both Tubbhel Lukkejjaha. should hide - Tumhe/Tujjhe 31. They both should Te/Ta Jaggejja. wake up = 36. We all should stay - Amhe/Vayam Thaejjama. Prakrta Exercise Book

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(C) Write the inflected Personal Pronouns in agreement with the Number of the following Verbal forms. 1. ...... Hasadhi 2. ...... Jaggeu ...... Hodu 4...... Sayamu 5. ...... Naccamo ...... Rusaha 7. ...... Jivantu 8. ...... Hasemu ...... Lukkeha 10. ...... Jaggejja 11. ...... Thamu 12. ...... Naccesu ....... Sayentu 14. ...... Nhaejjaha ...... Hasamo 16. ......Rusahi 17. ...... Jivadha 18. ...... Ho Hojjama 19....... Lukkemo 20...... Nhamu ...... Jaggejjasu 22. ...... Sayemu 23. ...... Jivehi ...... Lukkau 25. ...... Ruse 26....... Thadu ...... Jaggemo 28. ...... Sayaha 29.... Naccantu ...... Hojjaha 31. ...... Sayamo 32........ Thaha ..... Lukkedha 34. ...... Nhahi 35. .... Thau ...... Rusamu 37 ....... Hosu 38. ..... Naccedu 39. ...... Jaggantu 40....... Nhantu . 41. ..... Sayejjami ...... Hasaha 43. ...... Nhaha 44. ...... Jivadha ...... Lukkemu 46. ...... Homu 47. ..... Thamo ...... Naccejjahi 49. ...... Jaggejjasi 50...... Sayeu ...... Jivejja 52. ...... Hasasu 53. ..... Nhau 54. ...... Rusentu 55. ...... Lukkedhi 56. ..... Thahi Thamu ...... Rusa ...... Hojja ...... Sayejjahi 61. ...... Jaggau 62. ..... Hosu ...... Nahadhi 64....... Sayesu 65...... Homo 66. ...... Rusamo 67....... Jaggimu 68. ..... Sayahi 69. ...... Hontu lg p S d Examples : - 1. Tumam/Tum/Tuha 2. So/Sa 3. So/Sa Hasadhi. Jaggeu. Hodu. (D) Write all the alternative forms of the Imperative of Verbs given in brackets in agreement with the following Personal Pronouns. 1. Tuha (Saya) 2. Ham (Rusa) 3. Tumhe (Lukka) 10 Praksta Exercise Book

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4. Amhe (Hasa) 7. Te (Jagga) 10. Tao (Tha) 13. Tur (Saya) 16. So (Jagga) 19. Ta (Nacca) 22. Amhe (Nacca) 25. So (Jiva) 28. Te (Thao 5. So (Nacca) 6. Vayar (Jiva). 8. Sa (Nha) 9. Tubbhe (Ho) 11. Tujjhe (Hasa) 12. Amhe (Lukka) 14. Ahar (Nacca) 15. Ta (Rusa) 17. Tumam (Jiva) 18. Ammi (Nha) 20. Tumam (Saya) 21. Te (Lukka) 23. Tujjhe (Rusa) 24. Ham (Jagga) 26. Tuha (Nha) 27. Amhe (Ho) 29. Tubbhe (Hasa) 30. Tau (Nacca) Example: 1. Tuha: Sayahi/Sayasu/Sayadhi/Saya/ Sayejjasu/Sayejjahi/Sayejje. (E) Point out the Person, Number, Original Verb and Suffixes in the following Verbal forms of the Imperative. 1. Jivemu 4. Rusamo 7. Lukkentu 10. Nhasu 13. Lukka 16. Hou 19. Sayedha 22. Hojjama 25. Hoha 28. Sayejjasu 31. Homu 34. Hosu 2. Jaggau 3. Sayahi 5. Thahi 6. Naccaha 8. Hojjaha 9. Hasejja 11. Jaggamo 12. Sayeu 14. Naccemo 15. Rusejjahi 17. Hasantu 18. Jivadu 20. Rusentu 21. Lukkejjasi 2 3. Thamo 24. Naccehi 26. Nhadhi 27. Hasamu 29. Thantu-Thantu 30. Jaggejje 32. Hasahi 33. Rusesu 35. Lukkeha 36. Nhaejjami Example: - Person Number Suffix Original Verb Jiva 1. Jivemu First Person Singular Mu Praksta Exercise Book 11

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Exercise 3 (A) Translate the following sentences into Praksta. Write all the alternatives of the inflected Personal Pronouns and the Verbal forms. 1. He laughed. 2. They both danced. 3. You hid. 4. I sulked. 5. They both woke up. 6. We all slept. 7. You all lived. 8. They all stayed. 9. 1 bathed. 10. She became. 11. You both laughed. 12. We all danced. 13. They all hid. 14. You sulked. 15. I woke up. 16. He slept. 17. They all lived. 18. I stayed. 19. They (Fem.) all bathed. 20. You all became. 21. You danced. 22. They all laughed. 23. She hid. 24. They all sulked. 25. You woke up. 26. You all slept. 27. I lived. 28. We all stayed. 29. She bathed. 30. They (Fem.) both became. 31. I laughed. 32. You all slept. 33. We all hid. 34. She sulked. 35. We all woke up. 36. I slept. 37. She lived. 38. You stayed. 39. We both bathed. 40. I (Fem.) became. 41. You laughed. 42. He danced. 43. I hid. 44. We all sulked. 45. You both woke up. 46. Thye (Fem.) all slept. 47. We both lived. 48. She stayed. 49. You all stayed. 50. You bathed. 51. We all laughed. 52. I danced. 53. You both hid. 54. You all sulked. 55. She woke up. 56. You slept. 57. You lived. 58. You both stayed. 59. You both bathed. 60. You all became. Examples :1. He laughed - 8. They all stayed : 27. I lived - So Hasia. (i) Ta/Tau/Tao Thasi/Thahi/Thahia. (ii) Te Thasi/Thihi/Thahia. Aham/Ham/ Jivia. Ammi Amhe/Vayam Nhasi/Nhahi/ Nhahia. Tumam/Tum/ Sayia. Tuha 39. We both bathed : 56. You slept - Note : In order to solve the above exercise 3, study lessons 17 to 18 of "Prak'ta Grammar and Composition". 12 Prakrta Exercise Book

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(B) Translate the following sentences into Prakrta according to the rules given in the footnote of the lessons 17 to 18 of "Prakrta Grammar and Composition". Lesson 17 Rule (4) 1. I laughed. 2. You laughed. 3. He laughed. 4. We all hid. 5. You all lived. 6. Thye all sulked. 7. She woke up. 8. They all danced. 9. I slept. 10. I danced. Lesson 18 Rule (4) (i) - 11. I stayed. 12. We all became. 13. You bathed. 14. You all stayed. 15. They all bathed. * Examples: - 1. I laughed = 11.I stayed ...... 1. 4. 7. Sayittha 10. Nhahi 13. Hoimsu 16. Sayia Naccia ...... Lukkittha ...... (C) Write the Personal Pronouns according to the number of the following Verbal forms. 2. = Example : - Aham/Ham/ Ammi Aham/Ham/ Ammi 1. Amhe (Hasa) 4. Aham (Rusa) 7. Vayam (Jiva) Prakrta Exercise Book 5....... 8....... 11. 14. 17. ...... 1. Aham/Amhe/Tumam/Tumhe/So/Te Rusia Jaggia Thahia Nhasi Nhahia Hohia Hasittha/Hasimsu. Thaittha/Thaimsu. 2. Tumam (Saya) 5. Tumhe (Lukka) 8. Sa (Nha) 3....... 6.... 9. 12. 15. 18. (D) Write all the alternatives of the Verbal forms of the Past Tense to be formed from the Verbs given in brackets according to the following Personal Pronouns. Jivia Thasi Hosi Hohi Hasia ...... Lukkia Naccia. 3. So (Nacca) 6. Te (Jagga) 9. Ta (Tha) 13

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10. Tubbhe (Ho) 13. Ta (Nacca) 16. Tuha (Jiva) 19. Ammi (Lukka) 22. Ahar (Jagga) 25. Vayam (Ho) 28. Te (Saya) 11. Tum (Lukka) 14. Sa (Jagga) 17. Te (Ho) 20. Tumhe (Rusa) 23. So (Jiva) 26. Ta (Tha) 29. Ammi (Lukka) 12. Ham (Rusa) 15. Ammi (Nha) 18. Tujjhe (Saya) 21. Amhe (Nacca) 24. Tuha (Nha) 27. Tubbhe (Hasa) 30. Tumam (Rusa) Examples :. 1. Amhe Hasia/Hasittha/ Hasinsu. Nhasi/Nhahi/Nhahia/Nhaittha/Nhaissu. (E) Point out the Person, Number, Original Verb and Suffix in each of the following Verbs representing the Past Tense. 1. Naccia 4. Rusia 7. Nhahia 10. Jivimsu 13. Sayia 16. Hasia 19. Jivia 2. Thahi 5. Hohi 8. Jagginsu 11. Thasi 14. Nhahi 17. Jaggia 20. Thahia 3. Hasittha 6. Lukkia 9. Hoittha 12. Thaittha 15. Nhai su 18. Hosi 21. Nhasi Example - Person Number Suffix Original Verb Nacca - 1. Naccia ia First Person Second Person Third Person Singular Plural 14 Prakrta Exercise Book

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Exercise 4 (A) Translate the following sentences into Praksta. Write all the alternatives of the inflected Personal Pronouns and the Verbal forms. 1. You all will live. 2. They both will dance. 3. We all shall sleep. 4. He will laugh. 5. I shall sulk. 6. You will hide. 7. They both will wake up. 8. They all will stay. 9. He will become. 10. You both will laugh. 11. We all will dance. 12. I shall bathe. 13. You will sulk. 14. They all will hide. 15. He will sleep. 16. I shall wake up. 17. They all will live. 18. He will bathe. 19. I shall stay. 20. You all will become. 21. They all will laugh. 22. You will dance. 23. He will hide. 24. You will wake up. 25. They all will sulk. 26. I shall live. 27. You all will sleep. 28. We both shall stay. 29. They all will become. 30. They both will stay. 31. I shall laugh. 32. You both will dance. 33. We all shall hide. 34. He will sulk. 35. We all shall wake up. 36. I shall sleep. 37. He will live. 38. You will stay. 39. I shall become. 40. He will wake up. 41. You will laugh. 42.1 shall hide. 43. We all shall bathe. 44. They all will sleep. 45. We all shall laugh. 46. You both will wake up. 47. They all will sulk. 48. He will stay. 49. You all will stay. 50. You will bathe. 51. We both shall sulk. 52. You all will hide. 53. I shall dance. 54. You all will sulk. 55. He will dance. 56. You will sleep. 57. You will live. 58. You will become. 59. You all will bathe. 60. We all shall live. Examples :1. You all will live - Tubbhe/Tumhe/ Tujjhe Jivihiha/Jivihidha/Jivihittha/ Jivissaha/Jivissadha/Jivissaittha/ Jivissiha/Jivissidha/Jivissiittha. Note : In order to solve the above exercise 4, study lessons 19 to 26 of "Praksta Grammar and Composition". Prakrta Exercise Book 15

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8. They all will stay = (i) Ta/Tao/ Tau (ii) Te Thahinti/Thahinte/Thahire Or Thahiire/Thassanti/Thassante/ Thassaire/Thassinti/Thassintel Thassiire. 18. He will bathe : So Nhihii/Nhahidi/Nhassai/ Nhassadi/Nhassidi. 22. You will dance : Tumam/Tur/ Tuha Naccihisi/Naccihise/Naccissasi/ Naccissase/Naccissisi/Naccissise. 39.1 shall become : Aham/Ham/ Ammi Hohimi/Hohami/Hossami/ Hossimi/Hossam. 51. We both shall sulk = Amhe/Vayam Rusihimo/Rusihimu/Rusihima/ Rusissamo/Rusissamu/Rusissama/ Rusissimo/Rusissimu/Rusissima/ Rusihamo/Rusihamu/Rusihama. (B) Translate the following sentences into Praklta according to the rules given in the footnotes of lessons 19 to 26 of "Praksta Grammar and Composition". Lesson * 19 Rule (2) (iv) 1. I shall weep. 2. We shall weep. 3. You will weep. 4. You all will weep. 5. He/She will weep. 6. They will weep. Lesson - 19 Rule (2) (v) 1. I shall weep. 2. We shall weep. 3. You will weep. 4. You all will weep. 5. He/She will weep. 6. They will weep. 16 Prakrta Exercise Book

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wwwNNN money (C) Write all the alternatives of the inflected Personal Pronouns in agreement with the following Verbal forms. 1........ Jivissanti 2....... Hasihisi 3. ...... Sayissimu 4. ...... Jaggihise 5. ..... Rusissisi 6. ...... Sayissante 7. ....... Lukkihamo 8. ...... Sayissamu 9. ...... Rusihimo ...... Naccissinti 11...... Thassam 12. ...... Lukkissadha ...... Nhassama 14. ... Jivissami 15. ...... Jaggissisi Sayissidi 17. ...... Hohami 18. ...... Naccihamo 19. ...... Rusissaha 20. ...... Lukkissanti 21. ...... Nhahimo Jivissase 23. ....... Lukkissai 24. ...... Thassidi 25. ...... Hasihimu 26. Jivissaittha 27. ...... Jaggissante Nhahamu 29. ...... Naccissam 30. ...... Rusissasi .... Sayissadi 32. ...... Jivissade ...... Hossaha Sayihamo 35. ...... Jaggissiire 36. ...... Rusihami ...... Hasissadha 38. ..... Lukkissasi ...... Naccissase Sayisside 41. ..... Jaggissima 42. ... Rusihidha ...... Jivissamu 44. ..... Hasihinte 45. ...... Lukkissiittha 46. ...... Thassasi 47. ..... Hossima 48. ..... Rusihise 49.... Jivissanti 50. Nhassaba 51... Naccissai 52. ...... Hasissae 53. ..... Lukkissimu 54. ...... Sayissiha 55. ...... Jaggissinti 56. ..... Hohidi 57. ...... Naccihinte 58. ...... Nhahiha 59. ..... Thassadi 60. ...... Jivissai Examples: - 1. Te/Ta 2. Tumam/Tum/Tuha 3. Amhe/Vayam Jivissanti. Hasihisi. Sayissimu. (D) Write all the alternatives of the Verbal forms of the Future Tense to be formed from the Verbs given in brackets according to the following Personal Pronouns. 1. Amhe (Hasa) 2. Tumam (Saya) 3. So (Nacca) 4. Aham (Rusa) 5. Tumhe (Lukka) 6. Te (Jagga) 7. Vayam (Jiva) 8. Sa (Nha) 9. Ta (Tha) 10. Amhe (Lukka) 11. Ham (Nacca) 12. Tuha (Jiva) Prakrta Exercise Book 17

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13. Ta (Ho) 16. So (Jiva) 19. Te (Saya) 22. So (Jagga) 25. Tumhe (Rusa) 28. Tau (Tha) Example: . 1. Amhe 1. Naccissinti 4. Jaggissami 7. Rusessam 10. Thassadi 13. Jivissiha 16. Jivissise 19. Hossima 22. Nhassam 25. Naccissasi 28. Hohisi (E) Point out the Person, Number, Original Verb and Suffix in the following Verbal forms of the Future Tense. Example - 14. Te (Lukka) 17. Tubbhe (Ho) 20. Tujjhe (Ho) 23. Amhe (Nha) 26. Ammi (Jagga) 29. Te (Tha) 18 Hasihimo/Hasihimu/Hasihima/Hasissamo/ Hasissamu/Hasissama/Hasissimo/Hasissimu/ Hasissima/Hasihamo/Hasihamu/Hasihama. 2. Sayihisi 5. Sayissaittha 8. Lukkihinti 11. Nhahamu 14. Lukkissamo 17. Lukkissama 20. Naccissae 23. Hasissadha 26. Hossiittha 29. Thahamu Person 15. Vayam (Nacca) 18. Tujjhe (Hasa) 21. Tao (Rusa) 24. Tubbhe (Saya) 27. Tum (Nha) 30. Tumhe (Hasa) Number 1. Naccissinti Third Person Plural 3. Rusissai 6. Jivissae 9. Hasissase 12. Sayissase 15. Jaggissasi 18. Hasissadi 21. Jivissade 24. Rusissante 27. Lukkissaire 30. Hasissinti Original Suffix Verb Nacca ssi+nti Prakrta Exercise Book

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n, Exercise 5 (A) Translate the following sentences into Prakrta. Write all the alternatives of the inflected Personal Pronouns and the Verbal forms. 1. I endeavour. 2. He quarrels. 3. You tire. 4. They flounder. 5. You all embarrass. 6. We all fall. 7. They both weep. 8. You both fear. 9. We both tremble. 10. I die. 11. They fight. 12. He faints. 13. You jump. 14. We all endeavour. 15. They both play. 16. You all wake up. 17. We both go round. 18. They all leap. 19. You (Fem.) all rejoice. 20. She sits. 21. I tire. 22. They all fight. 23. We all fear. 24. You tremble. 25. They (Fem.) both embarrass. 26. You both endeavour. 27. We both sit. 28. You all quarrel. 29. We all faint. 30. 1 (Fem.) flounder. 31. You should embarrass. 32. I should sit. 33. He should/may fear. 34. You both should/may leap. 35. We both should/may play. 36. They both should/may get up. 37. You all should/may leap. 38. We all should/may go round. 39. They all should/may jump. 40. You should/may endeavour. 41. He should/may tire. 42. I should/may fall. 43. You all should/may flounder. 44. We both should/may endeavour. 45. They all should/may rejoice. 46. You both should/ may faint. 47. They both should/may tremble. 48. We all should/ may die. 49. He should/may play. 50. You all should/may fight. 51. He should/may sit. 52. You both should/may get up. 53. I should/may jump. 54. We all should/may rejoice. 55. You all should/may endeavour. 56. They both should/may leap. 57. We both should/may get up. 58. You both should/may embarrass. 59. They all should/may fear. 60. He should/may go round. Examples: - 1. I endeavour = Aham/Ham/ Ammi Prakrta Exercise Book Ujjamami/Ujjamami/ Ujjamemi. Note : In order to solve the above exercise 5, study lesson 27 of "Prakrta Grammar and Composition". 19

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15. They both play = Te Khelanti/Khelante/Khelire/Khelenti. 28. You all quarrel = Tubbhe/Tumhe/ Kalahaha/Kalahadha/ Tujjhe Kalahittha/Kalaheha/ Kalahedha/Kalaheittha. 31. You should embarrass = Tumam/Tum/Tuha Lajjahi/Lajjasu/Lajjadhi/ Lajja/Lajjehi/Lajjesu/ Lajjedhi/Lajjejjasu/ Lajjejjahi/Lajjejje. 41. He should/may tire : So/Sa Thakkau/Thakkeu/ Thakkadu/Thakkedu. 54. We all should/may rejoice = Amhe/Vayam Vllasamo/Ullasamo/ Ullasemo. (B) Translate the following sentences in Praketa in agreement with the rules given in footnotes of lessons 1 to 26 of "Prakrta Grammar and Composition". 1. I laugh. 2. You wake up. 3. He stays. 4. We all live. 5. You all sulk. 6. They all wake up. 7. I should wake up. 8. You should sleep. 9. He should hide. 10. We all should dance. 11. You all should stay. 12. They all should live. 13. I woke up. 14. You laughed. 15. He hid. 16. We all should live. 17. You all hid. 18. They all slept. 19. They all will wake up. 20. I become. 21. You bathe. 22. We all become. 23. You all stay. 24. They all bathe. 25. We all should stay. 26. You all should bathe. 27. I stayed. 28. You became. 29. He bathed. Examples : - 1. I laugh : Aham/Ham/ Ammi Hasam. 8. You should : Tumam/Tus/ Sayejja/Sayejjasi/ sleep Tume Sayejjahi. 20 Prakrta Exercise Book

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15. He hid - So 23. You all stay - Tubbhe/Tumhel Tujjhe 28. You became = Tumam/Tum/ Tume Lukkittha/Lukkimsu. Thajja/Thajja/ Thiejja/Thaejja. Hoittha/Hoinsu/ Hottha. 6. (C) Write the inflected Personal Pronouns in agreement with the Number of the following Verbal forms. 1. ...... Lajjamu 2...... Ruvittha 3. ...... Darante 4. ...... Kalahai 5. ...... Thakkadu ...... Acchire 7. ...... Padamu 8. ...... Utthadha ...... Tadaphadasi 10. ...... Ghumei 11. ...... Nhasi ...... Ucchalanti 13. ...... Ujjamamu 14. ...... Ullasadi 15....... Kampae 16. ...... Maremi 17. ...... Khelante 18. ...... Kullamo 19. ...... Jujjhase 20....... Mucchesi 21. ...... Lajjadhi 22. ...... Acchedhi 23. ...... Thakkittha 24....... Ruvami 25...... Kalahahi 26....... Daredi 27....... Padama 28. ...... Utthanti 29....... Tadaphadami 30....... Ghumeha 31. ....... Mucchamu 32. ...... Jujjhejjahi 33....... Kullade 34. ...... Khelamo 35. ...... Maredha 36. ...... Kampantu 37 ....... Ullasemu 38. ...... Ujjamejje ...... Ucchalau ....... Thadi 41....... Ghumeha 42....... Tadaphadentu . Uzthejjasu 44. ...... Padamu 45. ...... Acchedu 46. ....... Thakkejje 47........ Kalahaha ...... Darantu 49. ...... Ruvemo 50. ...... Lajjahi 51. ...... Homi 52. ...... Kalaheu 53. ...... Jujjheha 54. ...... Ullasentu 55. ...... Khelehi 56...... Daramo 57....... Ghumasu 58. ...... Lajjaha 59....... Daresu 60....... Tadaphadimu 43. ...... Examples :1. Aham/Ham/Ammi 2. Tubbhe/Tumhe/Tujjhe 3. TelTa Lajjamu. Ruvittha. Darante. 21 Praksta Exercise Book

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(D) Write all the alternative forms of the Present Tense and the Imperative of Verbs given in brackets in agreement with the following Personal Pronouns. Present Tense Imperative 1. Amhe (Jujjha) 16. Amhe (Tadaphada) 2. Tuha (Ucchala) 17. Tau (Kalaha) 3. So (Kulla) 18. Tujjhe (Ghuma) 4. Ham (Ruva) 19. Te (Dara) 5. Tumhe (Khela) 20. Tum (Ujjama) 6. Te (Dara) 21. Sa (Ujjama) 7. Vayam (Lajja) 22. Aham (Ullasa) 8. Sa (Kalaha) 23. Tujjhe (Kampa) 9. Ta (Pada) 24. Ammi (Kampa) 10. Tubbhe (Thakka) 25. Aham (Pada) 11. Tao (Tadaphada) 26. Tao (Muccha) 12. Ta (Accha) 27. Ammi (Khela) 13. Ham (Kampa) 28. Tau (Kulla) 14. So (Uttha) 29. Tubbhe (Ucchala) 15. Tuha (Mara) 30. Tumam (Ullasa) Examples: 1. Amhe Jujjhamo/Jujjhamo/Jujjhimo/Jujjhemo/ Jujjhamu/Jujjhamu/Jujjhimu/Jujjhemu/ Jujjhama/Jujjhama/Jujjhima/Jujjhema. 16. Amhe Tadaphaoamo/Tadaphadamo/Tadaphademo. 22 Prakrta Exercise Book

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(E) Point out the Person, Number, Original Verb, Suffix and Tense (Present Tense or Imperative) in each of the following Verbal forms. 1. Darahi 4. Acchedha 7. Ucchalasi 10. Khelaha 13. Mucchesi 16. Ghumantu 19. Lajjase Example: 1. Darahi Person Second Person Prakrta Exercise Book 2. Kalahaha 5. Tadaphadau 8. Ullasamo 11. Kullami 14. Lajjamu 17. Padamu 20. Kullade 3. Thakkai 6. Marami 9. Kampedu 12. Jujjhanti 15. Ruvadi 18. Ujjamadhi Number Original Suffix Tense Verb Singular Dara hi Imperative 23

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Exercise 6 (A) Translate the following sentences into Prakrta. Write all the alternatives of the inflected Personal Pronouns and the Verbal forms. 1. You both should/may rejoice. 2. They all weep. 3. I sit. 4. We both fear. 5. He laughs. 6. You all should/may sleep. 7. They all embarrass. 8. You flounder. 9.1 (Fem.) wake up. 10. We all should/ may stay. 11. She trembles. 12. You should/may bathe. 13. You all should/may dance. 14. They both die. 15. We both die. 16. You should/may go round. 17. He stays. 18. I sulk. 19. We all should/may endeavour. 20. You all should/may play. 21. He should/may hide. 22. They all live. 23. You jump. 24. I should/ may leap. 25We all should/may sleep. 26. You both tire. 27. He should/may get up. 28. They both quarrel. 29. I (Fem.) fight. 30. We both faint. 31. He quarrels. 32. We all should/may stay. 33. You all weep. 34. They all should/may sit. 35. We both should/may wake up. 36. They all fear. 37. I should/may laugh. 38. He falls. 39. You embarrass. 40. You should/may jump. 41. They both flounder. 42. I bathe. 43. You all endeavour. 44. You all should/may laugh. 45. She dies. 46. They all should/ may become. 47. She dances. 48. I go round. 49. You should/ may endeavour. 50. She plays. 51. You all should/may hide. 52. They all faint. 53. He/She should/may rejoice. 54. You all should/may get up. 55. I should/may jump. 56. They all quarrel. 57. We both should/may live. 58. You all should/may sit. 59. We all rejoice. 60. They all should/may go round. Note : In order to solve the above exercise 6, study lessons 1 to 16of "Prakrta Grammar and Composition". 24 Prakrta Exercise Book

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Examples: - 1. You both should/may rejoice - Tubbhe/Tumhe/Tujjhe Ullasaha/Ullaseha/ Ullasadha/Ullasedha/ Ullasejjaha. 9. I wake up - Aham/Ham/Ammi Jaggami/Jaggami/Jaggemi/ Jaggam/Jaggejja/Jaggejja. 19. We all should/may endeavour : Amhe/Vayam Ujjamamo/Ujjamamo/ Ujjamemo/Ujjamejjama. 40. You should/may jump = Tumam/Tum/Tuha Kullahi/Kullasu/ Kulladhi/Kulla/ Kullehi/Kullesu/ Kulledhi/Kullejjasu/ Kullejjahi/Kullejje. 53. He/She should/may rejoice : So/Sa Ullasau/Ullasadu/Ullaseu/ Ullasedu/Ullase/Ullasejja. 60. They all should/may go round - Te/Ta/Tau/Tao Ghumantu/Ghumentul Ghumejja. (B) Translate the following sentences into Praksta in agreement with the rules given in footnotes of lessons 1 to 16 of "Praksta Grammar and Composition". 1. You hide. 2. I wake up. 3. He laughs. 4. We all stay. 5. You all bathe. 6. They all become. 7. I should laugh. 8. You should wake up. 9. He should sulk. 10. We all should hide. 11. They all should become. Praksta Exercise Book 25

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Example : 1. You hide = (C) Write the Personal Pronouns in agreement with the following Verbal forms. 1. Hasamo 4. Lajjaha 7. Khelai 10. Jivasi 13. Darami 16. 19. 22. 25. 28. 31. 34. 37. 40. 43. 46. 49. 52. 55. 58. Thadu ****** 26 ...... ****** ...... ...... ...... ****** ***** 2. ....... Kullahi 5. 8. 11. 14. Jaggittha 17. Ucchalami 20. Tumam/Tum/Tume Lukkasi/Lukkase/Lukkesi. Kampei Sayesu Thai Kalahanti Sayamu Jujjhadha 23. Ujjamentu Thakkamo 26. Pademi 29. Rusasu 32. Kulleu 35. ....... Jaggamu 38. Utthaha 41. Padae 44. 47. 50. Lukkamu 53. Ghumemo 56. 59. Lajjadi Khela Ullasami Jujjhire Nhami ...... ...... Utthentu Ullaseha Homa Nhahi ...... Examples: - 1. Amhe/Vayam Hasamo. 2. Tumam/Tum/Tuha Kullahi. 3. Aham/Ham/Ammi Naccamu. 3. Naccamu 6. Thamu 9. Ruvau 12. Acchade 15. Mucchanti 18. Ghuma 21. Lukkaha 24. Tadaphadase 27. ****** ...... Marasi 30... Marante 33. Hasemu 36. Naccejjasu 39. Hou 42. Acchantu Tadaphadei 45. Kampaha Ujjama 48. Ullasadu Ucchaledu 51. Thakkahi 54. Mucchasi 57. Hasesu 60. ****** ...... ...... Jivaha Darentu Kalahadha Rusemo Prakrta Exercise Book

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(D) Write all the alternative forms of the Present Tense (Pre.) and the Imperative (Imp.) of Verbs given in brackets as directed in agreement with the following Personal Pronouns. Present Tense Imperative 1. Amhe (Hasa) 16. So (Ruva) 2. So (Kulla) 17. Aham (Lukka) 3. Tuha (Ujjama) 18. Tujjhe (Ho) 4. Te (Ullasa) 19. Amhe (Khela) 5. Ham (Kampa) 20. Tuha (Nha) 6. Tumhe (Jiva) 21. Te (Ghuma) 7. Tubbhe (Tha) 22. Tao (Rusa) 8. Sa (Nacca) 23. So (Mara) 9. Amhe (Ullasa) 24. Vayam (Jagga) 10. Ta (Lajja) 25. Tau (para) 11. So (Tadaphada) 26. Tumam (Thakka) 12. Tum (Saya) 27. Te (Accha) 13. Tujjhe (Kalaha) 28. Tumhe (Pada) 14. Te (Ucchala) 29. Ammi (Jujjha) 15. Sa (Uttha) 30. Tum (Muccha) Examples: - 1. Amhe Hasamo/Hasamu/Hasama. 16. So Ruvau/Ruveu/Ruvadu/Ruvedu. (E) Point out the Person, Number, Original Verb, Suffix and Tense (Present (Pre.)Or Imperative (Imp.) ) in each of the following Verbal forms. 1. Hasaha 2. Acchahi 3. Lajjai 4. Ghumami 5. Uttha 6. Kheladha Praksta Exercise Book 27

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9. Lukkasu 12. Jaggadu 15. Rusemi 18. Sayeha 7. Ullasentu 10. Jivasu 13. Jujjhadi 16. Kampasi 19. Ujjamemu 22. Ucchalittha 26. Homa 28. Tadaphadeha 8. Lajjamo 11. Padami 14. Thasu 17. Tadaphadae 20. Mucchesi 23. Naccanti 26. Ruvante 29. Naccamu 21. Kullemo 24. Nhaire 27. Lukkadhi 30. Lajjau. Example : Person Number Original Suffix Tense Verb Plural Hasa ha Imp. 1. Hasaha Second Person 28 Prakrta Exercise Book

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(A) Translate the following sentences into Prakrta. Write all the alternatives of the inflected Personal Pronouns and the Verbal forms. 1. You will dance. 2. He will stay. 3. You all will sleep. 4. She will laugh. 5. We all shall wake up. 6. I shall live. 7. They (Fem.) all will stay. 8. You all will become. 9. You will sulk. 10. We all shall bathe. 11. You both will live. 12. We all shall sleep. 13. They all will laugh. 14. He will wake up. 15. We shall embarrass. 16. They will fight. 17. You will play. 18. She will get up. 19. They all will rejoice. 20. She will go round. 21. He will flounder. 22. They all will weep. 23. They both will tremble. 24. He will die. 25. You will sit. 26. You all will fall. 27. They all will jump. 28. He will rejoice. 29. You all will endeavour. 30. He will hide. Example: - 1. You will dance = Tumam/Tum/Tuha Exercise 7 10. We all shall bathe = Amhe/ Vayam Naccihisi/Naccihise/ Naccissasi/Naccissase/ Naccissisi/Naccissise. Nhahimo/Nhahimu/Nhahima/ Nhassamo/Nhassamu/Nhassama/ Nhassimo/Nhassimu/Nhassima/ Nhahamo/Nhahamu/Nhahama. Note : In order to solve the above exercise 7, study lessons 19 to 26 of Prakrta Grammar and Composition". Prakrta Exercise Book 29

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22. They all will weep : Te Ruvihinti/Ruvihinte/Ruvihiire/ Ruvissanti/Ruvissante/Ruvissaire/ Ruvissinti/Ruvissinte/Ruvissiire. (B) Write all the alternatives of the Personal Pronouns in agreement with the Number of the following Verbal forms. 5. ...... Nhas 1. ...... Hasissasi 2........ Lajjissima 3. ...... Khelissidi 4. ..... Jivissami 5. ....... Darissaha 6. ...... Jaggissante 7. ...... Ucchalissise 8. ...... Jujjhissamo 9. ...... Thakkisside ...... Kampihimi 11. ...... Sayissiha 12. ...... Thassanti 13. ...... Lajjihisi 14. ...... Khelissamu 15. ...... Hasihinti ...... Jujjhihami 17. ..... Nhassidi 18. ...... Lukkissiire ... Ghumihise 20. ...... Ullassisami 21. ...... Kullihidi Utthissimi 23. ...... Ullasissiittha 24. ...... Hohinte Nhassisi 26. ...... Kalahihimu 27. ...... Sayissai 28. ..... Ujjamissam 29. ...... Padissidha 30.. ...... Rusihinti Kullissisi 32. ...... Jaggissasi 33. ...... Utthihamo Padissae 35. ... Tadaphadissimi 36. ...... Ujjamissam 37 .... Ucchalissai 38. ...... Thakkihise 39. ...... Mucchissima 40... Hasihinti 41. .... Naccihiha 42. ...... Thahisi 43. ... Ruvihimo 44. ...... Acchihii 45. ...... Mucchissimu Ghumissidha 47. ...Tadaphadissise 48. ...... Marihina . Marihimu ...... Naccissami Hohinti 53. ...... Acchissaittha 54. ...... Kampissasi Ullasihima 56. ...... Jivihide 57. ...... Darihami ...... Kalahissai 59. ...... Rusihinti 60. ...... Nhassami WWWNNN Anoman Oromoo woo u un um Examples : - 1. Tumam/Tum/Tuha Hasissasi. Lajjissima. 2. Amhe/Vayam 3. So/Sa Khelissidi 30 Prakrta Exercise Book

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(C) Write all the alternative forms of the Future Tense of Verbs given in brackets in agreement with the following Personal Pronouns. 1. Amhe (Hasa) 3. Tuha (Ujjama) 5. Ham (Kampa) 7. Tumhe (Tha) 9. Vayam (Ullasa) 11. So (Tadaphada) 13. Tujjhe (Kalaha) 15. Sa (Uttha) 17. Aham (Lukka) 19. Amhe (Khela) 21. Te (Ghuma) 23. So (Mara) 25. Sa (Dara) 27. Te (Accha) 29. Ammi (Jujjha) Example: - 1. Amhe 1. Ghumissami 4. Hasissamu 7. Lukkissasi 2. So (Kulla) 4. Te (Lajja) 6. Tubbhe (Jiva) 8. Sa (Nacca) 10. Tao (Lajja) 12. Turn (Saya) 14. Te (Ucchala) 16. So (Ruva) 18. Tumhe (Ho) 20. Tumam (Nha) Prakrta Exercise Book 22. Tau (Rusa) 24. Amhe (Jagga) 26. Tuha (Thakka) Hasihimo/Hasihimu/Hasihima/Hasissamo/ Hasissamu/Hasissama/Hasissimo/Hasissimu/ Hasissima/Hasihamo/Hasihamu/Hasihama. (D) Pick out the Person, Number, Original Verb and Suffix in the following Verbal forms. 28. Tujjhe (Pada) 30. Tumam (Muccha) 2. Lajjissai 5. Acchissisi 8. Khelissam 3. Ullasissanti 6. Utthissaha 9. Jivissae 31

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10. Padihimi 13. Thassasi 16. Tadaphadihie 19. Mucchihiha 22. Naccissinti 25. Ruvihimo 28. Kalahihisi Example: . 11. Jaggissadha 14. Rusissamo 32 17. Sayissaittha 20. Kullihami 23. Nhassaha 26. Lukkihittha 29. Nhassami Person 1. Ghumissami "First Person 12. Jujjhihinti 15. Kampissinte 18. Ujjamissimu 21. Ucchalihittha 24. Hossami 27. Darihima 30. Thahii Number Original Suffix Verb Singular Ghuma ssa + mi Prakrta Exercise Book

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Exercise 8 (A) Translate the following sentences into Prakrta. Write all the alternatives of the inflected Personal Pronouns and the Verbal forms. 1. I should/may laugh. 2. 1 jump. 3. I shall endeavour. 4. You both should/may sit. 5. You all should/may tremble. 6. You all will live. 7. He stays. 8. She dances. 9. He will rejoice. 10. We all should/may sleep. 11. We all embarrass. 12. We all shall hide. 13. You should/may leap. 14. You flounder. 15. You tremble. 16. They all should/may get up. 17. They all weep. 18. They all will become. 19. I played. 20. I bathe. 21. I shall go round. 22. You all should/may wake up. 23. You all sulk. 24. You all will die. 25. He woke up. 26. She fears. 27. He tired. 28. We all sat. 29. We all fall. 30. We all faint. 31. I shall laugh. 32. I should/ may jump. 33. You all will sit. 34. They all tremble. 35. He should/ may live. 36. You should/may stay. 37. They all should/may dance. 38. You all should/may rejoice. 39. We all shall sleep. 40. They all will embarrass. 41. I should/may hide. 42. He flounders. 43. They both quarrel. 44. You should/may get up. 45. She weeps. 46. We all shall become. 47. You all should/may play. 48. They all should/may bathe. 49. I should/may go round. 50. You wake up. 51. She sulked. 52. They both die. 53. I shall sit. 54. You all tire. 55. I shall fear. 56. They all fell. 57. She faints. 58. You endeavour. 59. He will dance. 60. We both shall endeavour. Examples: . 1. I should/may laugh Aham/Ham/ Ammi Prakrta Exercise Book Hasamu/Hasamu/ Hasimu/Hasemu. Note : In order to solve the above exercise 8, study lessons 1 to 27 of "Prakrta Grammar and Composition". 33

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12. We all shall hide - Amhel Vayam Lukkihimo/Lukkihimu/ Lukkihima/Lukkissamo/ Lukkissamu/Lukkissama/ Lukkihamo/Lukkihamu/ Lukkihama/Lukkissimo/ Lukkissimu/Lukkissima. 25.He woke up: So Jaggia. 36. You should/ : may stay Tumam/Tur/ Thahi/Thasu/ Tuha Thadhi. Te 43. They both quarrel Kalahanti/Kalahante/ Kalahire/Kalahenti. 54. You all tire - Tubbhel Tumhel Tujjhe Thakkaha/Thakkadha/ Thakkittha/Thakkehal Thakkedha/Thakkeittha. (B) Write all the alternatives of the Personal Pronouns in agreement with the number of the following Verbal forms. 1. ...... Hossanti 2. ...... Kalahase 3. ..... Lukkissimo 4. ...... Ullasissai 5. ....... Jivissiha 6. ...... Ujjamissami Ruvanti 8. ...... Tadaphadasi 9. ...... Lajjamo Naccam 11. ...... Kampaha 12. ...... Kulledi ...... Utthantu 14. ...... Ucchalejjama 15. ..... Sayamo 16. ...... Thau 17. ...... Acchai 18. ...... Hasamu ...... Ullaseha 20. ...... Naccentu 21. ..... Thahia 22. ...... Jiveu 23. ...... Kampanti 24. ...... Acchissadha 5. ....... Kullejjami 26. ...... Hasissami 27..... Mucchamo 28. ...... Thakkissae 29. ...... Marissaittha 30. ...... Ghumejjahi 31. ...... Padissama 32. ...... Darei. 33. ...... Rusittha 34. ...... Nhami 35. ..... Acchejja 36. ..... Jaggeu 34 Prakrta Exercise Book

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37. ...... Jaggia Naccihii ....... Padante .... Darejjasi ...... Ghumamu Hoejja Uttheti 58. ...... Lukkemu 61. ... Hohima 67. ...... Nhantu 38. ...... Khelamu 41. ...... Mucchae 44. ...... Acchihimi 47. ...... Marire 50. ...... Nhaejjaha 53. ...... Ruvei 56. ...... Kalahante 59. ...... Lajjissanti 65. ...... Darihima 68. ...... Ucchala 39. ...... Ujjamissamo 42. ...... Ujjamejjasu 45. Thakkittha 48. ...... Rusae 51. Khelaha 54. Ujjamedhi 57. Tadaphadae 60. ...... Sayissima ..... Ghumissam 69. ...... Kullemu Examples: - . 1. Te/Ta Hossanti. 2. Tumam/Tum/Tume Kalahase. 3. Amhe/Vayam Lukkissimo. (C) Write all the alternative forms of the Present Tense (Pre.), the Past Tense (P.) the Imperative (Imp.) and the Future Tense (Fu.) of Verbs given in brackets as directed in agreement with the following Personal Pronouns. 1. Amhe (Hasa) (Pre.) 2. Tumam (Muccha) (Fu.) 3. Ham (Jujjha) (Imp.) 4. Tubbhe (Pada) (Imp.) 5. Te (Accha) (Imp.) 6. Tum (Thakka) (Fu.) 7. Sa (Dara) (Pre.) 8. Amhe (Jagga) (Imp.) 9. So (Mara) (P.) 10. Tao (Rusa) (Pre.) 11. Te (Ghuma) (Imp.) 12. Tuha (Nha) (P.) 13. Amhe (Kalaha) (Pre.) 14. Tumhe (Ho) (Imp.) 15. Aham (Lukka) (Fu.) 16. So (Ruva) (Pre.) 17. Sa (Uttha) (Imp.) 18. Tau (Ucchala) (Fu.) 19. Tumhe (Khela) (Pre.) 20. Tuha (Saya) (Imp.) 21. So (Tadaphada) (Fu.) 22. Tau (Lajja) (Pre.) 23. Vayam (Ullasa) (Imp.) 24. Ta (Nacca) (Fu.) Prakyta Exercise Book 35

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25. Tujjhe (Tha) (Pre.) 27. Ammi (Kampa) (Fu.) 29. Tuha (Ujjama) (Imp.) Example: - 1. Amhe (D) Point out the Person, Number, Original Verb, Suffix and Tense in each of the following Verbal forms. 1. Kullamo 4. Sayeha 7. Rusemi Hasamo/Hasamu/Hasama. 10. Jaggissadha 13. Lukkehi 16. Utthejjasi 19. Hoejja 22. Lajjau 25. Hohi 28. Tadaphadei 31. Padami 34. Acchasi 36 1. Kullamo Example: - 26. Tumhe (Jiva) (Imp.) 28. Ham (Nha) (P.) 30. So (Kulla) (Fu.) 2. Mucchesi 5. Tadaphadae 8. Thasi 11. Padejjahi 14. Lajjamo 17. Khelaha 20. Lajjia 23. Naccanti 26. Ruvante 29. Naccihinti 32. Uttha 35. Jujjhissamo Person First Person Plural 3. Ujjamissasi 6. Kampissiha 9. Nhaejjaha 12. Jivissai 15. Ullasissase 18. Ghumissami 21. Hasissanti 24. Nhahiha 27. Lukkihamo 30. Lajjase 33. Kullejjami 36. Hasejjama Number Original Suffix Tense Verb Kulla mo Present Prakrta Exercise Book

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Exercise 9 (A) Correct the following sentences of the Present Tense in two ways. (i) Write the correct Verbal form according to the Personal Pronoun. (ii) Write the correct Personal Pronoun according to the Verbal form. 1. Aham Lukkasi. 2. Tumam Naccami. 3. So Hasesi. 4. Amhe Hasadi. 5. Tumhe Thakkanti. 6. Te Lajjamo. 7. Ta Padadha. 8. Tubbhe Ghumanti. 9. Vayam Thai. 10. Te Marai. 11. So Khelanti. 12. Tuha Padittha. 13. Tujjhe Ucchalade. 14. Ham Kampittha. 15. Ammi Kullanti. 16. Tuha Mucchei. 17. Tumhe Nhamu. 18. Amhe Hosi. 19. Ta Utthai. 20. Tuha Marante. Example: - 1. Aham Lukkasi : (i) Aham (ii) Tumam/Tum/Tuha Lukkami/Lukkami/Lukkemi. Lukkasi/Lukkase/Lukkesi. (B) Correct the following sentences of the Imperative in two ways. (i) Write the correct Verbal form according to the Personal Pronoun. (ii) Write the correct Personal Pronoun according to the Verbal form. 1. Ham Padau. 2. Tuha Ruvamo. 3. So Thakkadhi. 4. Amhe Darantu. 5. Tumhe Kampamu. 6. Tum Mucchadu. 7. Sa Kullaha. 8. Aham Jujjhentu. 9. Tubbhe Daramo. 10. Ham Tadaphada. Note : In order to solve the above exercise 9 study lessons 1 to 27 of "Praksta Grammar and Composition". Prakyta Exercise Book 37

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11. Te Acchau. 12. So Utthaha. 13. Ta Kheladha. 14. Har Nhadhi. 15. Tumam Kulladu. 16. Te Ruvau. 17. Ammi Ullasa. 18. So Kalahasu. 19, Tubbhe Acchejjasu. 20. Ammi Lajjasu. Example: - 1. Ham Padau = (i) Ham Padamu/Padamu/Paaimu/Panemu. (ii) So/Sa Padau. (C) Correct the following sentences of the Future Tense in two ways. (i) Write the correct Verbal form according to the Personal Pronoun. (ii) Write the correct Personal Pronoun according to the Verbal form. 1. Tuha Utthissam. 2. Ham Padihisi. 3. Sa Kampihimi. 4. Aham Lajjissimo. 5. Tum Hasihiha. 6. Tumhe Darihimu. 7. Amhe Khelissadha. 8. Tubbhe Mucchissade. 9. Ta Nhahidi. 10. Tumam Marihima. 11. Tum Kullissimo. 12. Ammi Jujjhissaittha. 13. Ham Khelihiha. 14. Tao Nhahidha. 15. Tau Ujjamihidha. 16. Vayam Jaggissiha. 17. So Rusissiire. 18. Te Nhahimi. 19. Tujjhe Mucchihinti. 20. Has Ghumissimu. Example: - 1. Tuha Utthissam = (i) Tuha Utthihisi/Utthihise/Utthissasi/ Utthissase/Utthissisi/Utthissise. (ii) Aham/Ham/Ammi Utthissam. (D) Write all the alternatives of the Personal Pronouns in agreement with the number of the following Verbal forms. 1. ...... Thakkami 4. ...... Utha 2. ...... Daramo 5. ...... Kalahase 3. ...... Padamu 6. ...... Mucchahi 38 Prakrta Exercise Book

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7. ...... Acchadha 8. ...... Mucchihiha 9. ..... Homu 10. ..... Kullau 11. ...... Jujjhadu 12. ...... Ujjamantu Kampasi 14. ...... Ullasei 15. ...... Ucchalae Lajjia 17. ...... Marihimi ...... Jujjhisside 19. ...... Jaggissadha 20. ...... Thahidha 21. ..... Ullasa Jaggahi 23. ...... Nhadi 24. ...... Mucchihinti 25. ...... Nhahi 26. ..... Khelissisi 27. .... Utthihimo 28. ...... Sayantu 29. ...... Lajjissaittha 30. ...... Ujjamejjasu Examples: - 1. Aham/Ham/Ammi 2. Amhe/Vayam 3. Aham/Ham/Ammi Thakkami. Daramo. Padamu. WLAN (E) Write all the alternative forms of the Present Tense (Pre.), the Past Tense (P.), the Imperative (Imp.) and the Future Tense (Fu.) of Verbs given in brackets as directed in agreement with the following Personal Pronouns. 1. Ham (Kulla) (Pre.). 2. Amhe (Khela) (Fu.) 3. Tumhe (Uttha) (Imp.) 4. Aham (Accha) (Past.) 5. Tubbhe (Muccha) (Past.). 6. Tujjhe (Hasa) (Fu.) 7. Sa (Lajja) (Past.) 8. Ammi (Dara) (Fu.) 9. Aham (Ullasa) (Pre.) 10. Te (Jujjha) (Fu.) Example: - 1. Ham Kullami/Kullami/Kullemi. Prakrta Exercise Book 39

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Exercise 10 (A) Translate the following sentences into Prakata. Write all the alternatives of the inflected Personal Pronouns, Absolutives and the Verbal forms. 1. Having wept, he sleeps. 2. Having leaped, you jump. 3. Having played, I shall rejoice. 4. Having quarrelled, they hide. 5. Having danced, she tires. 6. Having feared, we weep. 7. Having trembled, they all die. 8. Having fallen, you get up. 9. Having laughed, I live. 10. Having floundered, she died. 11. Having jumped, they both die. 12. Having quarrelled, you both weep. 13. Having embarrassed, she dances. 14. Having gone round, you should sleep. 15. Having tired, we all should sleep. 16. Having endeavoured, they will leap. 17. Having slept, I shall get up. 18. Having quarrelled, he falls. 19. Having rejoiced, you all should play. 20. Having wept, she faints. 21. Having sat, they both will get up. 22. Having rejoiced, I shall go round. 23. Having fainted, she dies. 24. Having stayed, you sit. 25. Having lived, they all rejoice. 26. Having bathed, he/she should sleep. 27. Having rejoiced, you may play. 28. Having hid, she weeps. 29. Having laughed, you should live. 30. Having endeavoured, he dances. Examples: - 1. Having wept, - So Ruviuna/Ruviunam/ Sayai/Sayael he sleeps Ruviduna/Ruvidunam/ Sayadi/Sayade. Ruvia/Ruviya/Ruvium/ Ruvitta/Ruvea/Ruveum/ Ruveuna/Ruvetta/ Ruveunam/Ruveduna/ Ruvedunam/Ruveya Note : In order to solve the above exercise 10, study lesson 28 of "Praksta Grammar and Composition". 40 Prakrta Exercise Book

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26. Having bathed, - Sol he/she should Sa sleep Sayau/Sayeu/ Sayadu/Sayedu. Nhauna/Nhaunam Nhaduna/Nhadusar Nhaa/Nhaya/Nhaum/ Nhatta- Nhatta (B) Translate the following sentences into Praketa according to the following rule given in the footnote of the lesson 28 of "Prakyta Grammar and Composition". Rule (6) 1. Having tired, he slept. 2. Having fought, he fell. 3. Having slept, I got up. 4. Having played, you all will tire. 5. Having lived, we all rejoice. Example: - 1. Having tired, he slept : So Thakkittana/Thakkittanam/Thakkettana/ Thakkettanam/Thakkaya/Thakkael Thakkiyana/ Thakkiyanam/Thakkittu/ Thakkettu Sayia. (C) Make sentences in Praksta by using the following Absolutives. By using your desired Personal Pronoun write all the alternatives of Verbal forms given in brackets in accordance with the Tenses as directed. 1. Hasiuna (Jiva) Pre. .. 2. Utthiduna (Khela) Imp. 3. Jujjhiunam (Mara) Fu. 4. Ucchalia (Kulla) Imp. 5. Lukkium (Ruva) Pre. 6. Ujjamitta (Ucchala) Fu. 7. Ghumiuna (Saya) Imp. 8. Kalahiduna (Lukka) Pre. 9. Daria (Ruva) Pre. 10. Ullasitta (Khela) Imp. 11. Sayidunam (Uttha) Fu. 12. Nhaum (Saya) Imp. 13. Ruvitta (Muccha) Fu. 14. Thaduna (Accha) Imp. 15. Kheliuna (Ullasa) Pre. 16. Padia (Ruva) Pre. 17. Tadaphaaiuna (Mara) Fu. 18. Thakkium (Saya) Imp. 19. Jivitta (Ullas) Pre. 20. Lajjiunam (Nacca) Pre. Prakrta Exercise Book , 4

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21. Hoduna (Ruva) Fu. 22. Jaggeuna (Uttha) Imp. 23. Kulledunam (Mara) Pre. 24. Mucchitta (Pada) Pre. 25. Naccium (Ullasa) Fu. 26. Rusia (Saya) Pre. 27. Ullasiunam (Accha) Imp. 28. Kampiya (Pada) Pre. 29. Lajjium (Hasa) Pre. 30. Daria (Jagga) Pre. Example: - 1. Aham/Ham/Ammi Hasiuna Jivami/Jivami/Jivemi, (D) (i) From the Verbs given in brackets choose any one Verb for adding the suffixes of Absolutive to it. And make sentences by including the Absolutive and by adding the suffixes of the Present Tense or the Past Tense to the other Verb in accordance with the given Personal Pronoun. Write all the alternatives. 1. So (Dara, Ruva) 2. Ham (Hasa, Jiva) 3. Te (Tadaphada, Mara) 4. Sa (Jujjha, Pada) 5. Amhe (Jiva, Ullasa) 6. Tumhe (Ucchala, Ruva) 7. Tuha (Pada, Uttha) 8. Sa (Muccha, Mara) 9. Ta (Lajja, Nacca) 10. So (Nacca, Thakka) Example: - 1. So Dariuna/Dariunam/Dariduna/ Daridunam/Dariya/Darium/ Daritta Ruvai/Ruvae/ Ruvadi/Ruvade. (D) (ii) From the Verbs given in brackets choose any one Verb for adding the suffixes of Absolutive to it. And make sentences by including the Absolutive and by adding the suffixes of the Imperative to the other Verb in accordance with the given Personal Pronoun. Write all the alternatives. 1. Tumam (Ucchala, Kulla) 3. Ammi (Tha, Accha) 2. Tujjhe (Ullasa, Khela) 4. Sa (Nha, Saya) 42 Prakrta Exercise Book

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5. Tum (Ghuma, Saya) 7. Ham (Khela, Saya) 9. Tubbhe (Khela, Accha) Example: - Ucchaliuna/Ucchaliunam/ Tumam Ucchaliduna/Ucchalidunam/ Kullahi/Kullasu/Kulladhi/ Kulla/Kullehi/Kullesu/ Ucchaliya/Ucchalium/Ucchalitta Kulledhi/Kullejjasu/ Kullejjahi/Kullejje. (D) (iii) From the Verbs given in brackets choose any one Verb for adding the suffixes of Absolutive to it. And make sentences by including the Absolutive and by adding the suffixes of the Future Tense to the other Verb in accordance with the given Personal Pronoun. Write all the alternatives 1. Ammi (Khela, Ullasa) 3. Tau (Lajja, Nacca) 5. So (Muccha, Mara) 7. Aham (Saya, Uttha) 9. Te (Ujjama, Khela) Example: - 1. Ammi 6. Te (Ujjama, Kulla) 8. Tao (Ullasa, Jiva) 10. So (Ujjama, Khela) 1. Lajjium 4. Dareuna Kheliuna/Kheliunam/ 2. Te (Ujjama, Ucchala) 4. Vayam (Accha, Uttha) 6. Tumhe (Ghuma, Ullasa) 8. Sa (Hasa, Nacca) 10. Tuha (Ucchala, Kulla) Khelitta Kheliduna/Khelidunam/Ullasihami/Ullasissimi/ Kheliya/Khelium/ Prakrta Exercise Book Ullasihimi/Ullasissami/ (E) Point out the Original Verb and Suffix in each of the following Absolutives. 2. Ghumitta 5. Kalahia Ullasehimi/Ullasessami/ Ullasehami/Ullasissam/ Ullasessam. 3. Accheduna 6. Thakkiduna 43

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7. Urtheuna 10. Jaggittu 13. Sayedunam 16. Thaduna 19. Padiuna 22. Ullasiunam 25. Lukkittana 28. Houna 31. Lukkitta 34. Rusaya 8. Khelitta 11. Kullius 14. Jivitta 17. Tadaphaditta 20. Ullaseunam 23. Nccium 26. Jivium 29. Marium 32. Kampiuna 35. Jaggiya 9. Hasitta 12. Ucchalium 15. Kampiyanam 18. Ruvitta 21. Ujjameduna 24. Rusittanam 27. Nhaitta 30. Thadunan 33. Ullasiyanam 36. Ucchalettana Examples : Suffix 1. 27. um Original Verb lajja nhaa Lajjium Nhaitta tta 44 Prakrta Exercise Book

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(A) Translate the following sentences into Prakrta. Write all the alternatives of the inflected Personal Pronouns, Infinitives and the Verbal forms. 1. They all live for rejoicing. 2. You should endeavour to wake up. 3. We all shall tire for sleeping. 4. She got up for dancing. 5. He jumps for dying. 6. You should endeavour to leap. 7. They both go round for tiring. 8. He flounders for dying. 9. You both should get up for dancing. 10. She stayed for quarrelling. 11. They all should get up to sleep. 12. They all endeavour for waking up. 13. He hides to weep. 14. You should endeavour for playing. 15. We shall go round for rejoicing. 16. He stayed for quarrelling. 17. You should go round for tiring. 18. They all will rejoice for going round. 19. You all should live for rejoicing. 20. You should get up to jump. 21. She sulks for playing. 22. You should dance for laughing. 23. He will stay for bathing. 24. They all will endeavour to dance. 25. You all should stay to sit. 26. We all shall live for rejoicing. 27. They hid for quarrelling. 28. They both will rejoice to play. 29. He should stay for jumping. 30. They weep to sleep. Exercise 11 Examples: - 1. They all live = Te Ullasium/Ullasidum/ Jivanti/Jiventi/ for rejoicing Ullaseum/Ullasedum Jivante/Jivire. 23. He will stay for bathing = So Nhaum/Nhadum Thahii/Thahidi/ Thassai/Thassadi/ Note : In order to solve the above exercise 11, study lesson 29 of "Prakrta Grammar and Composition". Prakrta Exercise Book Thassidi. 45

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(B) Translate the following sentences into Prakrta according to the following rule given in the footnote of the lesson 29 of "Prakrta Grammar and Composition". Rule (5) 1. He gets up to dance. 2. She falls to sit. 3. You all will play for rejoicing. 4. He should endeavour to wake up. 5. He wept for sleeping. Example : 1. He gets up to dance = So Naccittae/Naccettae (C) Make sentences by using the following Infinitives. By using your desired Personal Pronoun write all the alternative forms of Verbs given in brackets in accordance with the Tenses as directed. 1. Khelium (Rusa) Pre. 3. Thakkeum (Ghuma) Fu. 5. Jaggeum (Ujjama) Imp. 7. Ucchalium (Ujjama) Imp. 9. Jujjhedum (Mara) Pre. 11. Ghumeur (Ullasa) Fu. 13. Naccium (Uttha) Imp. 15. Kullium (Tha) Imp. 17. Ruveum (Lukka) Pre. 19. Naccettae (Lajja) Fu. 21. Nhaum (Accha) Imp. 23. Lukkedum (Ujjama) Fu. 25. Jivittae (Ujjama) Pre. 27. Thakkedum (Nacca) Fu. 29. Thakkium (Nacca) Pre. 46 Utthai/Utthae/Utthadi/Utthade. 2. Kalahidum (Accha) Pre. 4. Ullasedum (Jiva) Pre. 6. Maredum (Kulla) Pre. 8. Ullasittae (Ghuma) Fu. 10. Sayeum (Uttha) Imp. 12. Padidum (Kulla) Pre. 14. Sayeum (Ruva) Pre. 16. Jivedum(Ullasa) Fu. 18. Sayidum (Tha) Imp. 20. Utthium (Ujjama) Pre. 22. Ullasium (Khela) Pre. 24. Thaum (Accha) Imp. 26. Jujjhium (Uttha) Pre. 28. Sayedum (Thakka) Imp. 30. Kulledum (Uttha) Fu. Prakrta Exercise Book

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Example: - 1. Aham/Ham/Ammi Kheliun Rusami/Rusami/Rusemi. - (D) (i) From the Verbs given in brackets choose any one Verb for adding the suffixes of Infinitive to it. And make sentences by including the Infinitive and by adding the suffixes of the Present Tense or the Past Tense to the other Verb in accordance with the given Personal Pronoun. Write all the alternatives of Verbal forms and Infinitive. 1. Amhe (Ullasa, Jiva) 3. Ta (Thakka, Ghuma) 5. Sa (Nacca, Uttha) 7. Tao (Khela, Rusa) 9. Sa (Uttha, Ujjama) 2: Te (Kalaha, Ghuma) 4. Ham (Jagga, Ujjama) 6. So (Mara, Kulla) 8. Tuha (Saya, Ruva) 10. Tumhe (Pada, Kulla) Example: - 1. Amhe Ullasium/Ullasidum/Ullaseus/ Ullasedum/Ullasittae/Ullasettae Jivia. (D) (ii) From the Verbs given in brackets choose any one Verb for adding the suffixes of Infinitive to it. And make sentences by including the Infinitive and by adding the suffixes of the Imperative to the other Verb in accordance with the given Personal Pronoun. Write all the alternatives of Verbal forms and Infinitive. 1. Te (Ghuma, Ullasa) 3. Amhe (Jiva, Vllasa) 5. Sa (Thakka, Nacca) 7. So (Kulla, Uttha) 9. Tao (Ullasa, Ghuma) 2. Tuman (Nha, Tha) 4. Tau (Thakka, Ghuma) 6. Tumhe (Lukka, Ullasa) 8. Ta (Nacca, Lajja) 10. Aham (Khela, Tha) Prakrta Exercise Book 47

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Ullasantu/Ullasentu. Example: - 1. Te Ghumium/Ghumidum/ Ghumeum/ Ghumedum/ Ghumittae/Ghumettae (D) (iii) From the Verbs given in brackets choose any one Verb for adding the suffixes of Infinitive to it. And make sentences by including the Infinitive and by adding the suffixes of the Future Tense to the other Verb in accordance with the given Personal Pronoun. Write all the alternatives of Verbal forms and Infinitive. 1. Te (Jaggar Ujjama) . 2. Tubbhe (Saya, Uttha) 3. Tumam (Kulla, Tha) 4. So (Nha, Accha) 5. Sa (Nacca, Uttha) 6. Ta (Ullasa, Jiva) 7. Tumhe (Hasa, Nacca) 8. Vayam (Accha, Tha) 9. Tur (Saya, Thakka) 10. Ammi (Ucchala, Ujjama) Example: - 1. Te Jaggium/Jaggidur Jaggeus/Jaggedur/ Jaggittae/Jaggettae Ujjamihinti/Ujjamihinte/ Ujjamihiire/Ujjamissanti/ Ujjamissante/Ujjamissaire/ Ujjamissinti/Ujjamissinte/ Ujjamissiire. (E) Pick out the Original Verb and the Suffix in each of the following Infinitives. 1. Hasium 4. Ruvium 7. Utthium 10. Mucchidur 13. Ucchalidur 2. Lajjidum 5. Tadaphadeum 8. Accheum 11. Ullasium 14. Sayedur 3. Ghumedum 6. Kalahidum 9. Padedum 12. Jujjheum 15. Kulleur 48 Prakrta Exercise Book

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16. Ujjamittae 19. Ullasidum 22. Kampium 25. Rusedur 28. Jiveur 31. Ujjamium 17. Kheleur 20. Maredum 23. Lukkettae 26. Jaggium 29. Hour 32. Lukkidum 18. Naccidum 21. Jiveum 24. Thadur 27. Nhaurn 30. Sayidur 33. Hodum Example: - Suffix Original Verb Hasa Hasium um Prakrta Exercise Book 49

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Exercise 12 (A) Translate the following sentences into PrakTta. Write all the alternatives of the inflected Personal Pronouns, Absolutives, Infinitives and the Verbal forms. 1. Having rejoiced, you should live. 2. She gets up to dance. 3. They all will endeavour for jumping. 4. Having gone round, you tire. 5. He jumps to die. 6. Having laughed, you all should play. 7. Having waken up, we all get up. 8. Having played, I rejoice. 9. She will embarrass for dancing. 10. Having stayed, you all should bathe. 11. I shall get up for going round. 12. Having trembled, he faints. 13. Having quarrelled, they both will die. 14. You should stay to sit. 15. Having quarrelled, they both flounder. 16. Having laughed, I shall live. 17. Having embarrassed, she will dance. 18. Having sulked, you sleep. 19. They should endeavour to wake up. 20. They will rejoice for going round. 21. You should stay for getting up. 22. Having wept, she will sleep. 23. We shall go round for rejoicing. 24. They all hide to quarrel. 25. Having bathed, you should sleep. 26. Having danced, you tire. 27. Having sat, they all should play. 28. You wake up for getting up. 29. I get up to sleep. 30. Having rejoiced, she will go round. Examples: - 1. Having - rejoiced, you should live Tumam/Tur/ Ullasiuna/Ullasiunam/ Jivahi/Jivasu/ Tuha Ullasiduna/Ullasidunam/Jivadhi/Jiva/ Ullasium/Ullasiyal Jivehi/Jivesu/ Ullasitta Jivedhi/Jivejjasu/ Jivejjahi/Jivejje. Note : In order to solve the above exercise 12, study lessons 28 to 29 of "Praksta Grammar and Composition". 50 Prakrta Exercise Book

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24. They all hide - Te to quarrel Jujjhium/Jujjheum Lukkanti/Lukkante/ Jujjhidum/Jujjhedum/ Lukkire. Jujjhittae/Jujjhettae (B) Make sentences in Praksta by using the following Participles (Absolutive and Infinitive). By using your desired Personal Pronoun write all the alternative forms of Verbs given in brackets according to the Tenses as directed. 1. Ullasitta (Jiva) Imp. 2. Naccidum (Lajja) Fu. 3. Kampiduna(Muccha) Pre. 4. Hasittanam (Khela) imp. 5. Ghumium (Ullasa) Fu. 6. Nhaittana (Saya) Imp. 7. Hasium (Uttha) Pre. 8. Kheliuna (Ullasa) Pre. 9. Ullasettu (Ghuma) Fu. 10. Acchaya (Khela) Imp. 11. Sayittu (Uttha) Pre. 12. Ruve (Saya) Fu. 13. Utthittae (Jagga) Imp. 14. Marettana (Kulia) Pre. 15. Thaittu (Nha) Imp. 16. Ucchalaya (Ujjama) Fu. 17. Jaggium (Uttha) Pre. 18. Utthidum (Tha) Imp. 19. Lajjiyanam (Nacca) Pre. 20. Jujjhidunam (Mara) Fu. 21. Ujjamettu (Uttha) Imp. 22. Ghumitta (Tha) Fu. 23. Jivium (Ujjama) Fu. 24. Kalahittana (Ruva) Pre. 25. Lukke (Accha) Imp. 26. Kheliyana(Rusa) Pre. 27. Thakkiduna(Ghuma)Fu. 28. Padeuna (Ruva) Pre. 29. Tadaphaaittae (Mara) Fu. 30. Ullasettana (Nacca) Imp. - Example : - 1. Aham/Ham/ Ammi Ullasitta Jivamu/Jivamu/ Jivimu/Jivemu. (C) (i) From the Verbs given in brackets choose any one Verb for adding the suffixes of Absolutive or Infinitive to it. And make sentences by including the Absolutive or the Infinitive and by adding the suffixes of the Present Tense or the Past Tense to the other Verb in accordance with the given Personal Pronoun. Write all the alternatives. Prakyta Exercise Book 51

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1. So (Lajja, Nacca) 2. Sa (Jujjha, Mara) 3. Ham (Khela, Ullasa) 4. Tuha (Saya, Uttha) 5. Te (Mara, Kulla) 6. Amhe (Khela, Accha) 7. Tumhe (Ullasa, Ghuma) 8. Ta (Kampa, Mara) 9. So (Kalaha, Ruva) 10. Tumam (Pada, Ruva) Naccai/Naccael Naccadi/Naccade. Example: - 1. So Lajjiuna/Lajjiunam/ Lajjiduna/Lajjidunam/Lajjiya/ Lajjium/Lajjitta/Lajjittana/ Lajjittanas/Lajjaya/ Lajjae/Lajjiyana/ Lajjiyanam/Lajjittu (C) (ii) From the Verbs given in brackets choose any one Verb for adding the suffixes of Absolutive or Infinitive to it. And make sentences by including the Absolutive or the Infinitive and by adding the suffixes of the Imperative to the other Verb in accordance with the given Personal Pronoun. Write all the alternatives. 1. So (Khela, Ujjama) 2. Tuha (Thi, Accha) 3. Ham (Khela, Saya) 4. Ta (Ullasa, Jiva) 5. Te (Kulla, Ujjama) 6. Amhe (Jagga, Ujjama) 7. Tubbhe (Nha, Saya) 8. Tum (Uttha, Jagga) 9. Sa (Accha, Khela) 10. Tumhe (Hasa, Khela) Example: - 1. So Khelium/Khelidum/ Ujjamau/Ujjameu/ Kheleum/Kheledum, Ujjamadu/Ujjamedu. Khelittae/Khelettae (C) (iii) From the Verbs given in brackets choose any one Verb for adding the suffixes of Absolutive or Infinitive to it. And make sentences by including the Absolutive or the Infinitive and by adding the suffixes of the Future Tense to the other 52 Prakrta Exercise Book

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Verb in accordance with the given Personal Pronoun. Write all the alternatives. 1. Te (Ucchala, Ujjama) 2. Ammi (Khela, Vllasa) 3. Vayas (Ullasa, Ghuma) 4. Sa (Nacca, Lajja) 5. Tuha (Ucchala, Kulla) 6. Ta (Saya, Uttha) 7. Tujjhe (Nha, Saya) 8. Ham (Hasa, Jiva) 9. So (Muccha, Mara) 10. Sa (Ullasa, Nacca) Example: - 1. Te Ucchalium/Ucchalidum/ Ucchaleum/Ucchaledum/ Ucchalittae/Ucchalettae Ujjamihinti/Ujjamihintel Ujjamihiire/Ujjamissanti/ Ujjamissante/ Ujjamissaire/Ujjamissinti/ Ujjamissinte/Ujjamissiire. (D) Point out the Original Verb and the suffix in each of the following Participles. Mention their names. 1. Hasitta 4. Sayiuna 7. Jujjhae 10. Kullia 13. Kheleduna 16. Acchiyanan 19. Jaggettae 22. Ullaske 25. Ujjamitta 28. Ucchaleu 2. Ghumiduna 5. Thaaya 8. Naccidum 11. Ruvittae 14. Lukkeum 17. Kampettu 20. Nhaittana 23. Darium 26. Hoittana 29. Maritta 3. Mucchiyana 6. Tadaphadium 9. Utthidunam 12. Padittana 15. Maridum 18. Thakkiuna 21. Kalahiyana 24. Jiveuna 27. Ruvittu 30. Lajjittana Example :: Suffix Participle Original Verb Hasa Hasitta tta Absolutive Praksta Exercise Book 53

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Exercise 13 (A) Translate the following sentences into Praksta. Write all the alternatives of the Noun-forms, Participles and Verbal forms. 1. The dog barks. 2. The camel dances. 3. The son should rejoice. 4. The Human being grows old. 5. The ocean will dry up. 6. The maternal uncle should get up. 7. Fire burned. 8. The demon should die. 9.The cloth dries up. 10. The world will disappear. 11. The book should shine. 12. Pride vanishes. 13. The father-in-law should sit. 14. The friend will rejoice. 15. The sun rose. 16. The jewel shines. 17. Suffering should disappear. 18. The lion sits. 19. The house will fall. 20. The vow breaks. 21. The ocean should spread. 22. The grandfather will tire. 23. The grandson should go round. 24. Pride should disappear. 25. Rama rejoices. 26. The child sulked. 21. Disgrace spreads. 28. The book falls. 29. The father gets up. 30. The husband's younger brother should go round. 31. God should shines. 32. The well will dry up. 33. The king should live. 34. The king laughs. 35. Hanumana Jumps. 36. Death becomes. 37. Air spreads. 38. Water will drop. 39. The father should live. 40. Having dropped, the water spreads. 41. Having feared, the man dies. 42. The grandfather should rejoice for living. 43. The child weeps to sleep. 44. Having risen, the sun will shine. 45. Having rejoiced, the maternal uncle should sit. 46. Having flied, the serpent will fall. 47. The grandson should get up to dance. 48. Having quarreled, the son will embarrass. 49. The camel will dance for tiring. 50. The husband's younger brother should get up for going round. 51. Having fallen, the jewel breaks. 52. Having waken up, the father sits. 53. Having fallen, the house will disappear. 54. Having burnt, the small bundle disappears. 55. Having barked, the dog sits. 57. The demon jumped for dying. 58. Having spread, the water will dry up. Note : In order to solve the above exercise 13, study lessons 30 to 31 of "Praksta Grammar and Composition". Also make use of the rule 7 given in the footnote of lesson 31. 54 Praksta Exercise Book

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Examples: - 1. The dog barks 11. The book should shine 26. The child sulked 37. Air spreads 57. The demon Jumped for dying. = Prakrta Exercise Book = = Kukkuro/ Kukkure = Gantho/ Ganthe = Balao/Balae Rusia. Maruo/ Marue Rakkhaso/ Rakkhase 1. Narinda (Hasa) Pre. 3. Sayara (Sukkha) Fu. 5. Sasura (Cittha) Imp. 7. Avayasa (Pasara) Pre. 9. Balaa (Kanda) Fu. 11. Maula (Uttha) Imp. 13. Pada (Sukkha) Pre. 15. Divayara (Uga) Past. Bukkai/Bukkae/Bukkadi/ Bukkade/Bukkati/Bukketi/ Bukkate/Bukkete. Sohau/Soheu/ Sohadu/Sohedu. Pasarai/Pasarae/Pasaradi/ Pasarade/Pasaredi/ Pasarati/Pasareti. (B) In the following a-ending Masculine Nouns and Verbs in brackets are given. Form sentences by using a-ending Masculine Nouns in Nominative case Singular Number according to the Tense as directed. Write all the alternatives. Marium/ Maridum/ Mareum/ Maredum Kullia. 2. Putta (Harisa) Imp. 4. Gavva (Gala) Pre. 6. Mitta (Ullasa) Fu. 8. Diara (Ghuma) Imp. 10. Nara (Jara) Pre. 12. Ghara (Pada) Fu. 14. Piamaha (Vala) Past. 16. Vaya (Tutta) Pre. 55

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17. Paramesara (Harisa) Imp. 18. Karaha (Pala) Past. 19. Kukkura (Bukka) Pre. 20. Gantha (Soha) Past. 21. Kayanta (Saya) Fu. 22. Potta (Khela) Past. 23. Agama (Soha) Imp. 24. Rahunandana (Harisa) Pre. 25. Sappa (Udda) Pre. 26. Bhava (Khaya) Pre. 27. Kuva (Sukkha) Fu. 28. Rayana (Uppajja) Pre. 29. Raya (Ujjama) Imp. 30. Hanuvanta (Kulla) Pre. 31. Huavaha (Jala) Fu. 32. Marua (Dula) Pre. 33. Kayanta (Ho) Past. 34. Siha (Cittha) Pre. 35. Duha (Nassa) Imp. 36. Bappa (Jiva) Pre. 37. Salila (Nijjhara) Fu. 38. Gavva (Gala) Past. 39. Rakkhasa (Mara) Fu. 40. Salila (Ludha) Pre. Example: - 1. Narindo Hasai/Hasae/Hasadi/Hasade/Hasati/Hasate. (C) (i) In the following a-ending Masculine Nouns and two Verbs in brackets are given. For making sentences, use a-ending Masculine Nouns in the Nominative case Singular Number, choose any one Verb for adding the suffixes of the Absolutive or Infinitive to it, and add the suffixes of the Present Tense or the Past Tense to the other Verb. Write all the alternatives of Noun forms, Verbal forms and Participles. 1. Kukkura (Bukka, Cittha) 2. Piamaha (Ghuma, Uttha) 3. Rayana (Pada, Tutta) 4. Janera (Jagga, Kulla) 5. Potta (Thakka, Ghuma) 6. Ghara (Jala, Pala) 7. Vaya (Gala, Nassa) 8. Rahunandana (Harisa, Cittha) 9. Pada (Jala, Khaya) 10. Divayara (Soha, Uga) 56 Prakrta Exercise Book

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Citthia. Example: - 1. Kukkuro Bukkiuna/Bukkiunam/Bukkiduna/ Bukkidunam/Bukkiya/Bukkium/ Bukkitta (C) (ii) In the following a-ending Masculine Nouns and two Verbs in brackets are given. For making sentences, use a-ending Masculine Nouns in the Nominative case Singular Number, choose any one Verb for adding the suffixes of the Absolutive or Infinitive to it, and add the suffixes of the Imperative to the other Verb. Write all the alternatives of Noun forms, Verbal forms and Participles. 1. Nara (Jiva, Harisa) 3. Diara (Ghuma, Uttha) 5. Rayana (Soha, Uppajja) 7. Maula (Kulla, Ujjama) 9. Balaa (Nacca, Vrtha) 2. Karaha (Thakka, Nacca) 4. Janera (Harisa, Accha) 6. Salila (Sukkha, Nijjhara) 8. Narinda (Harisa, Citsha) 10. Potta (Khela, Ujjama) Example: 1. Naro Jivium/Jiveum/ Jividum/Jivedum Harisau/Hariseu/ Harisadu/Harisedu. (C) (iii) In the following a-ending Masculine Nouns and two Verbs in brackets are given. For making sentences, use a-ending Masculine Nouns in the Nominative case Singular Number, choose any one Verb for adding the suffixes of the Absolutive or Infinitive to it, and add the suffixes of the Future Tense to the other Verb. Write all the alternatives of Noun forms, Verbal forms and Participles. 1. Gavva (Gala, Khaya) 3. Rakkhasa (Kulla, Mara) 2. Putta (Kalaha, Lajja) 4. Sappa (Udda, Pala) Prakrta Exercise Book 57

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5. Salila (Pasara, Sukkha) 6. Divayara (Soha, Uga) 7. Pada (Jala, Nassa) . 8. Marua (Pasara, Pada) 8. Dukkha (Uppajja, Khaya) 10. Balaa (Ruva, Saya) Example: - 1. Gavvo Galiuna/Galiunas/ Galiduna/Galidunam/ Galiya/Galium/Galitta Khayihii/Khayihie/Khayihidi/ Khayihide/Khayissai/ Khayissae/Khayissadi/ Khayissade/Khayissidi/ Khayisside. (D) In the following a-ending Nouns are given alongwith Case endings. Point out the Person, Number, Original Noun, Gender and Case-ending in each of following Nouns. 1. Narindo 4. Potto 7. Mitto 10. Naro 13. Sayaro 16. Siho 19. Agamo 2 2. Rakkhaso 25. Gamo 28. Gharo 2. Karaho 5. Kukkuro 8. Balao 11. Sappo 14. Huavaho 17. Rayano 20. Maruo 23. Dukkho 26. Rayo 29. Vayo 3. Hanuvanto 6. Gavvo 9. Piamaho 12. Bhavo 15. Pado 18. Diaro 21. Kayanto 24. Bappo 27. Avayaso 30. Maulo Example Person Number Original Gender Case Noun ending Singular Narinda Mascu. O 1. Narindo Third Person 58 Praksta Exercise Book

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Exercise 14 (A) Translate the following sentences into Praksta. Write all the alternatives of the Noun-forms, Participles and Verbal forms. 1. Dogs bark. 2. Camels dance. 3. Sons should rejoice. 4. Human beings grow old. 5. Oceans will dry up. 6. Clouds thunder. 7. Demons should die. 8.Cloths dry up. 9. Books should shine. 10. Friends will rejoice. 11. Jewels shine. 12. Lions will sit. 13. Houses fall. 14. Grandsons should go round. 15. Children will sulk. 16. Sufferings disappear. 17. Books fall. 18. Wells dried up. 19. Kings laugh. 20. Vows shine. 21. Demons fear. 22. Sons should live. 23. Serpents flied. 24. Maternal uncles should get up. 25. Demons will faint. 26. Human beings should endeavour. 27. Children weep. 28. Kings should rejoice. 29. Clouds will spread. 30. Houses will burn. 31. Sons tremble. 32. Vows break. 33. Demons will run away. 34. Dogs quarrel. 35. Kings faint. 36. Children jump. 37. Grnadsons should leap. 38. Human beings quarrel. 39. Children weep to sleep. 40. Having rejoiced, the maternal uncles should sit. 41. Having flied, serpents will fall. 42. Having quarreled, the sons embarrasseet. 43. Grandsons should get up to dance. 44. Having danced, the camels will tire. 45. Having fallen, the jewels break. 46. Having burnt, the houses will fall. 47. Having barked, the dogs quarrel 48. Demons will jump to die. 49. Having rejoiced, the sons should live. 50. Having endeavoured, the human beings shine. 51. Having leaped, the children should jump. 52. Grandsons should endeavour to dance. 53. Having rejoiced, the kings should sit. 54. Having fainted, the demons will die. 55. Having run away, the children should play. 156. Having danced, the sons tire. Note : In order to solve the above exercise 14, study lesson 32 of "Prakrta Grammar and Composition". Prakyta Exercise Book 59

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Examples : - 1. Dogs bark - Kukkura Bukkanti/Bukkenti/ Bukkire/Bukkante. Potta Ghumantu/Ghumentu. 14. Grandsons should : go round 23.Serpents flied - Sappa Uddia. Meha Pasarihinti/Pasarihintel 29. Clouds will spread = Pasarihiire/Pasarissanti/ Pasarissante/Pasarissaire/ Pasarissinti/Pasarissinte/ Pasarissiire. 42. Having quarreled, - Putta the sons embarrassed Kalahiuna/Kalahiunam! Lajjia. Kalahiduna/Kalahidunam/ Kalahium/Kalahiya/Kalahitta (B) In the following a-ending Masculine Nouns and Verbs in brackets are given. Form sentences by using a-ending Masculine Nouns in Nominative case Plural Number according to the Tenses as directed. Write all the alternatives. 1. Narinda (Hasa) Pre. 3. Sayara (Sukkha) Fu. 5. Mitta (Ullasa) Fu. 7. Balaa (Kanda) Fu. 9. Maula (Uttha) Imp. 11. Pada (Sukkha) Pre. 13. Karaha (Pala) Past. 15. Gantha (Soha) Pre. 17. Potta (Khela) Imp. 2. Putta (Harisa) Imp. 4. Gavva (Gala) Imp. 6. Diara (Ghuma) Pre. 8. Nara (Jara) Pre. 10. Ghara (Pada) Fu. 12. Vaya (Tutta) Pre. 14. Kukkura (Bukka) Pre. 16. Maula (Saya) Fut. 18. Agama (Soha) Imp. 60 Praksta Exercise Book

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19. Sappa (Uada) Pre. 21. Rayana (Uppajja) Pre. 23. Siha (Accha) Pre. 25. Huavaha (Jala) Pre. 27. Karaha (Nacca) Pre. 29. Nara (Ujjama) Imp. 31. Putta (Kampa) Pre. 33. Duha (Gala) Fu. 35. Sappa (Vala) Fu. 37. Putta (Ucchala) Int. 39. Maula (Dara) Pre. 20. Kuva (Sukkha) Pre. 22. Raya (Ujjama) Imp. 24. Duha (Nassa) Past. 26. Rakkhasa (Mara) Fu. 28. Rayana (Soha) Fu. 30. Dukkha (Nassa) Fu. 32. Raya (Harisa) Imp. 34. Ghara (Jala) Pre. 36. Potta (Kulla) Imp. 38. Mitta (Uttha) Imp. 40. Rakkhasa (Muccha) Fu. Example :1. Narinda Hasanti/Hasenti/Hasire/Hasante. (C) (i) In the following a-ending Masculine Nouns and two Verbs in brackets are given. For making sentences, use a-ending Masculine Nouns in the Nominative case Plural Number, choose any one Verb for adding the suffixes of the Absolutive or Infinitive to it, and add the suffixes of the Present Tense or the Past Tense to the other Verb. Write all the alternatives of Noun forms, Verbal forms and Participles. 1. Kukkura (Bukka, Accha) 2. Rayana (Pala, Tutta) 3. Ghara (Jala, Pada) 4. Potta (Thakka, Ghuma) 5. Vaya (Gala, Nassa) 6. Pada (Jala, Khaya) 7. Balaa (Saya, Kanda) 8. Nara (Uppajja, Mara) 9. Putta (Nacca, Thakka) 10. Rakkhasa (Mara, Kulla) Prakyta Exercise Book 61

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Acchanti/Acchante/ Acchire/Acchenti. Example: - 1. Kukkura Bukkiuna/Bukkiunam/ Bukkiduna/Bukkidunam/ Bukkiya/Bukkium/Bukkitta/ Bukkaya/Bukkael Bukkiyana/Bukkiyanan (C) (ii) In the following a-ending Masculine Nouns and two Verbs in brackets are given. For making sentences, use a-ending Masculine Nouns in the Nominative case Plural Number, choose any one Verb for adding the suffixes of the Absolutive or Infinitive to it, and add the suffixes of the Imperative to the other Verb. Write all the alternatives of Noun forms, Verbal forms and Participles. 1. Nara (Jiva, Harisa) 2. Karaha (Thakka, Nacca) 3. Diara (Ghuma, Uttha) 4. Rayana (Soha, Uppajja) 5. Potta (Nacca, Uttha) 6. Maula (Kulla, Ujjama) 7. Narinda(Harisa, Cittha) 8. Balaa (Nacca, Uttha) 9. Potta (Khela, Ujjama) 10. Balaa (Pala, Khela) Example: - 1. Nara Jivium/Jiveum/Jividum/ Jivedum/Jivittae/Jivettae Harisantu/ Harisentu. (C) (111) In the following a-ending Masculine Nouns and two Verbs in brackets are given. For making sentences, use a-ending Masculine Nouns in the Nominative case Plural Number, choose any one Verb for adding the suffixes of the Absolutive or Infinitive to it, and add the suffixes of the Future Tense to the other Verb. Write all the alternatives of Noun forms, Verbal forms and Participles. 62 Prakrta Exercise Book

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1. Meha (Nijjhara, Sukkha) 2. Putta (Kalaha, Lajja) 3. Rakkhasa (Kulla, Mara) 4. Sappa (Udda, Pada) 5. Pada (Jala, Nassa) 6. Dukkha (Uppajja, Khaya) 7. Balaa (Ruva, Saya) 7. Karaha (Nacca, Thakka) 9. Rayana (Pala, Tutta) 10. Balaa (Pala, Khela) Example : - 1. Meha Nijjhariuna/Nijjhariunas/ Sukkhihinti/Sukkhihintel Nijjhariduna/Nijjharidunam/Sukkhihiire/Sukkhissanti/ Nijjharium/Nijjhariya/ Sukkhissante/Sukkhissaire/ Nijjharitta Sukkhissinti/Sukkhissintel Sukkhissiire. (D) In the following a-ending Nouns are given alongwith Case. endings. Point out the Person, Number, Original Noun, Gender and Case-ending in each of following Nouns. 1. Narinda 4. Kukkura 7. Balaa 10. Sappa 13. Huavaha 16. Hanuvanta 19. Agama 22. Rakkhasa 25. Gama 28. Ghara 2. Karaha 5. Gavva 8. Piamaha. 11. Bhava 14. Pada 17. Rayana 20. Marua 23. Dukkha 26. Raya 29. Vaya 3. Potta 6. Mitta 9. Nara 12. Sayara 15. Siha 18. Diara 21. Kayanta 24. Bappa 27. Avayasa 30. Maula Example: - Person Number Original Gender Noun 1. Narinda Third Plural Narinda Masculine Person Case ending 0-a 63 Prakrta Exercise Book

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Exercise 15 (A) Translate the following sentences into Prakrta. Write all the alternatives of inflected a-ending Neuter Nouns, Verbal forms and Participles. 1. Wealth increases. 2. Rice will grow. 3. Wine should separate. 4. The government will spread. 5. Addictions should disappear. 6. The small bundle falls down. 7. Pleasure should increase. 8. Milk will drop. 9. Suffering should disappear. 10. States should endeavour. 11. Youth blooms. 12. Moral conduct should shine. 13. The sky roars. 14. Detachement increased. 15. The citizen will sleep. 16. The aircraft should fly. 17. The paper dries up. 18. The state mistakes. 19. The truth should bloom. 20. Wood will burn. 21. Water dropped. 22. The song should shine. 23. Gambling should vanish. 24. Grass grows. 25. Water drops. 26. Food increases. 27. Fear disappears. 28. Blood drops. 29. The field burns. 30. The cloth will dry up. 31. Wood burns. 32. Food will increase. 33. Clarified butter trickles. 34. The head aches. 35. Rice should grow. 36. The forest disappears. 37. Moral conduct shines. 38. The cloth will burn. 39. Water will drop. 40. Having bloomed, beauty appears. 41. Having vanished, the thread breaks. 42. The citizen should endeavour to wake up. 43. Having stayed, the aircraft will fly. 44. The state quarrels to spread. 45. Having stayed, the citizen will appear. 46. Having shined, the song will appear. 47. The citizen should endeavour for jumping. 48. The government enthuses for endeavouring. 49. Having increased, the knowledge should appear. 50. The citizen will endeavour to wake up. 51. Having grown, the rice increases. 52. The mind should calm down. 53. Wealth exists for quarrelling. 54. Having broken, the thread will disappear. 55. Having dropped, the milk spreads. 56. The debt disappears. 57. The citizen plays for rejoicing. Note : In order to solve the above exercise 15 study lessons 34 to 35 of "Prakrta Grammar and Composition". 64 Prakrta Exercise Book

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Examples :: 1. Wealth : Dhanam Vaddhai/Vaddhei/Vaddhael increases Vaddhadi/Vaddhade/Vaddhati/ Vaddhate. 8. Milk will drop - Khiram Cuihii/Cuihie/Cuihidi/Cuihide/ Cuissai/Cuissae/Cuissadi/Cuissade/ Cuissidi/Cuisside. 21. Water dropped = Udagam Cuia. 28. Blood drops - Rattan Cuai/Cuae/Cuadi/Cuade/Cuei/ Cuedi/Cuati/Cueti/Cuate. (B) In the following a-ending Neuter Nouns and Verbs in brackets are given. Form sentences by using a-ending Neuter Nouns in Nominative case Singular Number according to the Tenses as directed. Write all the alternatives of Noun forms and Verbal forms. 1. Patta (Sukkha) Pre.. 2. Sila (Soha) Imp. 3. Sasana (Pasara) Fu. 4. Dhana (Vaddha) Pre. 5. Majja (Chutta) Imp. 6. Khira (Cua) Fu. 7. Jovvana (Viasa) Pre. 8. Veragga (Vaddha) Imp. 9. Nayarajana (Saya) Fu. 10. Chikka (Phura) Pre. 11. Vimana (Udda) Imp. 12. Dhanna (Uga) Fu. 13. Naha (Gunja) Pre. 14. Rajja (Ujjama) Past. 15. Sokkha (Vaddha) Imp. 16. Pottala (Luaha) Pre. 17. Rajja (Cukka) Pre. 18. Vattha (Sukkha) Fu. 19. Vasana (Nassa) Imp. 20. Lakkuda (Jala) Fu. 21. Tina (Uga) Pre. 22. Bhaya (Khaya) Imp. 23. Sasana (Chutta) Fu. 24. Ratta (Cua) Pre. 25. Jua (Chutta) Imp. 26. Vattha (Sukkha) Pre. 27. Bhoyana (Vaddha) Fu. 28. Gana (Gunja) Imp. Prakrta Exercise Book 65

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29. Marana (Sijjha) Pre. 30. Kattha (Jala) Pre. 31. Ghaya (Tava) Imp. 32. Dhanna (Uga) Imp. 33. Vattha (Jala) Fu. 34. Khetta (Nassa) Pre. 35. Vana (Jala) Pre. 36. Udaga (Cua) Pre. 37. Pottala (Ludha) Fu. 38. Vimana (Udda) Pre. 39. Sokkha (Vaddha) Past. 40. Nayarajana (Harisa) Pre. Example: - 1. Pattam Sukkhai/Sukkhei/Sukkhae/Sukkhadi/ Sukkhade/Sukkhati/Sukkhate. (C) (i) In the following a-ending Neuter Nouns and two Verbs in brackets are given. For making sentences, use a-ending Neuter Nouns in the Nominative case Singular Number, choose any one Verb for adding the suffixes of the Absolutive or Infinitive to it, and add the suffixes of the Present Tense or the Past Tense to the other Verb. Write all the alternatives of Noun forms, Verbal forms and Participles. 1. Sutta (Gala, Tutta) 2. Ruva (Viasa, Phura) 3. Mana (Kila, Harisa) 4. Dhanna (Uga, Vaddha) 5. Dhana (Tava, Hava) 6. Khira (Cua, Pasara) 7. Rina(Chutta, Nassa) 8. Sasana (Cettha, Ucchaha) 9. Nayarajana (Harisa, Khela) 10. Puppha (Vaodha, Viasa) Example: - 1. Suttam Galiduna/Galiunam) Tuttai/Tuttei/ Galiduna/Galidunam! Tuttae/Tutsade/ Galium/Galiya/Galitta Tuttadi/Tuttati/Tuttate 66 Prakrta Exercise Book

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(C) (ii) In the following a-ending Neuter Nouns and two Verbs in brackets are given. For making sentences, use a-ending Neuter Nouns in the Nominative case Singular Number, choose any one Verb for adding the suffixes of the Absolutive or Infinitive to it, and add the suffixes of the Imperative to the other Verb. Write all the alternatives of Noun forms, Verbal forms and Participles. 1. Nayarajana (Jagara, Cettha) 2. Nana (Vaddha, Phura) 3. Mana (Khela, Rama) 4. Sasana (Vaddha, Pasara) 6. Majja (Chutta, Nassa) 8. Nayarajana (Tha, Vijja) 10. Khira (Cua, Pasara) 5. Dhanna (Uga, Soha) 7. Sacca (Phura, Soha) 9. Kamma (Tava, Sijjha) Example: - 1. Nayarajanam Jagarium/Jagareum/ Cetthau/Cettheu/ Jagaridum/Jagaredum/ Cetthadu/Cetthedu. Jagarittae/Jagarettae (C) (iii) In the following a-ending Neuter Nouns and two Verbs in brackets are given. For making sentences, use a-ending Neuter Nouns in the Nominative case Singular Number, choose any one Verb for adding the suffixes of the Absolutive or Infinitive to it, and add the suffixes of the Future Tense to the other Verb. Write all the alternatives of Noun forms, Verbal forms and Participles. 1. Vimana (Cittha, Vaddha) 2. Nayarajana (Jagara, Ujjama) 3. Sutta (Tutta, Nassa) 4. Gana (Gunja, Phura) 5. Nayarajana (Vijja, Cittha) 6. Vana (Jala, Khaya) 7. Tina (Uga, Vaddha) 8. Udaga (Cua, Pasara) 9. Sila (Phura, Soha) 10. Rajja (Pasara, Vaddha) Prakrta Exercise Book 67

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Example: 1. Vimanam Citthius/Cittheus/ Vaddhihii/Vaddhihiel Citthidum/Citthedum/ Vaddhihidi/Vaddhihidel Citthittae/Citthettae Vaddhissai/Vaddhissael Vaddhissadi/Vaddhissade/ Vaddhissidi/Vaddhisside. (D) In the following a-ending Nouns are given alongwith Case endings. Point out the Person, Number, Original Noun, Gender and Case-ending in each of following Nouns. 2. Manam . Khetta - 1. Dhanan . 4. Sasanam 7. Silam 10. Veraggam * 13. Khiram 16. Chikka 19. Tinan 22. Jovvanam 25. Asanan 5. Pattam 8. Nayarajanam 11. Rattan 14. Vimanam 17. Lakkuda 20. Bhoyanam 6. Sokkham 9. Bhayam 12. Majjan 15. Rajjar 18. Udagam 21. Suha 24. Nanam 27. Kattham 30. Sirai 23. Kammam 26. Vatthai 29. Rinam 28. Biam Example : Person Number Original Gender Case Noun ending Singular Dhana Neuterscom 1. Dhanam Third Person 68 Prakrta Exercise Book

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Exercise 16 (A) Translate the following sentences into Prakrta. Write all the alternatives of inflected Nouns, Verbal forms and Participles. 1.Wealths should increase. 2. Addictions disappear. 3. Small bundles fall down. 4. Papers burn. 5. States endeavour. 6. Citizens will sleep. 7. Aircrafts may fly. 8. Papers dry up. 9. Woods will burn. 10. Citizens grieve. 11. Songs will shine. 1 2. States mistake. 13. Papers may dry up. 14. Forests disappear. 15. Threads burn. 16. Fears disappeared. 17. Seeds grow. 18. Addictions should disappear. 19. Songs shine. 20. The small bundle may fall down. 21. Forest will grow. 2 2. The citizen should endeavour. 23. Woods burned. 24. Forests bloom. 25. Small bundles will fall down. 26. Rice may grow. 27. Forests will disappear. 28. Fears should disappear. 29. Aircrafts fall. 30. Citizens should run away. 31. The goverment should spread. 32. Aircrafts will fly. 33. Threads break. 34. Cloths burn. 35. Citizens jump. 36. Fields disappear. 37. States should shine. 38. Seeds grow. 39. Having burnt, the threads will disappear. 40. Having mistaken, the citizens grieve. 41. Seeds will grow to increase. 42. Having grown, the rice increases. 43. Citizens enthuse to wake up. 44. Having burnt, the woods disappear. 45. Having thundered, the clouds appear. 46. Debts will disappear. 47. Having tumbled down, the small bundles fall. 48. Having enthused, the states endeavour. 49. Citizens get up to dance. 50. States quarrel to spread. 51. Having slept, the citizens will rejoice. 52. Having fallen, the aircrafts disappear. 53. Having endeavoured, the citizens should play. 54. Having stayed, the aircrafts will fly. 55. Having grown, the seeds increase. 56. Having burnt, the woods disappear. 57. Having jumped, the citizens ran away. 58. Having dried up, the cloths burn. Note : In order to solve the above exercise 16, study lesson 36 of "Prakrta Grammar and Composition". Prakrta Exercise Book 69

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Examples :: 1. Wealths should increase Dhanaim/Dhanaim/ Vaddhantu/ Dhanani Vaddhentu. 10. Citizens grieve 23. Woods burned - Nayarajanaim/ Khijjanti/Khijjantel Nayarajan.is/ Khijjire/Khijjenti. Nayarajanani = Lakkudaim Jalia. Lakkudain/ Lakkudani = Postalaim/ Ludhiuna/ Padanti/ Pottalain/ Ludhiunam/ Padante/ Pottalani Ludhiduna/ Padire! Ludhidunam Padenti. Ludhiya/ Ludhium/Ludhitta 47. Having tumbled down, the small bundles fall (B) In the following a-ending Neuter Nouns and Verbs in brackets are given. Form sentences by using a-ending Neuter Nouns in Nominative case Plural Number according to the Tenses as directed. Write all the alternatives of Noun forms and Verbal forms. 1. Vimana (Udda) Imp. 3. Dhana (Vaddha) Imp. 5. Rajja (Cettha) Imp. 7. Lakkuda (Jala) Fu. 9. Patta (Sukkha) Imp. 11. Gana (Gunja) Fu. 13. Dhanna (Uga) Pre. 15. Vasana (Nassa) Imp. 2. Vasana (Nassa) Pre. 4. Pottala (Ludha) Pre. 6. Nayarajana (Lotta) Imp. 8. Nayarajana (Khijja) Pre. 10. Chikka (Chutta) Pre. 12. Khira (Cua) Imp. 14. Khetta (Jala) Past. 16. Gana (Gunja) Pre. 70 * Prakrta Exercise Book

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17. Pottala (Ludha) Imp. 19. Bhaya (Khaya) Fu. 21. Rajja (Cukka) Pre. 23. Dhanna (Uga) Fu. 25. Lakkuda (Jala) Pre. 27. Pottala (Ludha) Fu. 29. Vana (Khaya) Past. 31. Vimana (Udda) Pre. 33. Nayarajana (Pala) Imp. 35. Sutta (Tutta) Pre. 37. Nayarajana (Kulla) Imp. 39. Majja (Nassa) Imp. Example : - 1. Vimanaim/Vimanaim/Vimanani Uddantu/Uddentu. (C) (i) In the following a-ending Neuter Nouns and two Verbs in brackets are given. For making sentences, use a-ending Neuter Nouns in the Nominative case Plural Number, choose any one Verb for adding the suffixes of the Absolutive or Infinitive to it, and add the suffixes of the Present Tense or the Past Tense to the other Verb. Write all the alternatives of Noun forms, Verbal forms and Participles. 1. Dhanna (Uga, Vaddha) 3. Gana (Gunja, Phura) 5. Rajja (Pasara, Jujjha) 7. Bia (Uga, Vaddha) 9. Vattha (Gala, Khaya) 18. Patta (Sukkha) Pre. 20. Nayarajana (Khijja) Fu. 22. Sokkha (Vaddha) Imp. 24. Nayarajana (Cettha) Pre. 26. Vana (Soha) Fu. 28. Dhanna (Uga) Imp. 30. Bhaya (Nassa) Imp. 32. Sasana (Pasara) Imp. 34. Vimana (Udda) Fu. 36. Vattha (Jala) Pre. 38. Khetta (Nassa) Pre. 40. Bia (Uga) Fu. Prakrta Exercise Book 2. Nayarajana (Cukka, Khijja) 4. Pottala (Ludha, Pada) 6. Vimana (Pada, Nassa) 8. Nayarajana (Kudda, Pala) 10. Nayarajana (Harisa, Vijja) 71

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Example: - 1. Dhannaim/ Dhannais/ Dhannani Ugiuna/Ugiunas/ Ugiduna/Ugidunam/ Ugium/Ugiya/Ugitta Vaddhia. (C) (ii) In the following a-ending Neuter Nouns and two Verbs in brackets are given. For making sentences, use a-ending Neuter Nouns in the Nominative case Plural Number, choose any one Verb for adding the suffixes of the Absolutive or Infinitive to it, and add the suffixes of the Imperative to the other Verb. Write all the alternatives of Noun forms, Verbal forms and Participles. 1. Nayarajana (Nacca, Uttha) 2. Vasana (Chutta, Nassa) 3. Bhaya (Nassa, Pala) . 4. Gana (Gunja, Pasara) 5. Vimana (Chittha, Vada) 6. Nayarajana (Jagara, Cettha) 7. Sasana (Vaddha, Pasara) 8. Dhanna (Uga, Soha) 9. Veragga (Vasa, Pasara) 10. Khira (Cua, Pasara) Example: - 1. Nayarajanaim/ Naccius/Nacceum/ Nayarajanain/ Naccidum/Naccedum/ Utthantu/Utthentu. Nayarajanani Naccittae/Naccettae (C) (iii) In the following a-ending Neuter Nouns and two Verbs in brackets are given. For making sentences, use a-ending Neuter Nouns in the Nominative case Plural Number, choose any one Verb for adding the suffixes of the Absolutive or Infinitive to it, and add the suffixes of the Future Tense to the other Verb. Write all the alternatives of Noun forms, Verbal forms and Participles. 1. Vimana (Cittha, Udda) 3. Gana (Gunja, Phura) 2. Nayarajana (Tha, Vijja) 4. Rina (Chusta, Nassa) 72 Praksta Exercise Book

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5. Sutta (Gala, Tutta) 6. Bia (Vaddha, Uga) 7. Lakkuda (Jala, Nassa) 8. Gama (Soha, Pasara) 9. Nayarajana (Jagara, Cettha) 10. Vasana (Chutta, Nassa) Example: - Vimanaim/ Vimanaim/ Vimanani Example: - Citthiuna/Citthiunam/ Uddihinti/Uddihinte/ Citthiduna/Citthium/ Uddihiire/Uddissanti/ Citthidunam/Citthiya/ Uddissante/Uddissaire/ Uddissinti/Uddissinte/ (D) In the following a-ending Nouns are given alongwith Caseendings. Point out the Person, Number, Original Noun, Gender and Case-ending in each of following Nouns. 1. Dhanaim 4. Pattaim 7. Nayarajanaim 10. Vasanaim 13. Bhoyanaim 16. Biaim 19. Pottalaim 22. Vatthaim 25. Dhanaim 28. Pottalani 1. Dhanaim Citthitta Prakrta Exercise Book 2. Khettani 5. Lakkudani 8. Rajjaim 11. Rattani 14. Khirani 17. Sasanaim 20. Chikkani 23. Kammani 26. Sasanaim 29. Chikkaim Uddissiire. Third Person Person Number Original Noun Plural Dhana 3. Sasanaim 6. Sokkhaim 12. Tinaim 15.-Suttaim 18. Ganaim 21. Dhannaim 24. Nayarajanani 27. Rajjaim 30. Vatthaim 9. Bhayaim Gender Case ending Neuter im-aim 73

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Exercise 17 (A) Translate the following sentences into Prakrta. Write all the alternatives of inflected Nouns, Verbal forms and Participles. 1. The mother rejoices. 2. Faith should increase. 3. Education will spread. 4. The sister deteriorates. 5. Hunger should calm down. 6. Speech tires. 7. Wine should separate. 8. Thirst will occur. 9. The order appears. 10. The daughter should rejoice. 11. The river will dry up. 12. Wealth disappears. 13. Wisdom should succeed. 14. Desire will calm down. 15. The cave will disappear. 16. The wife fears. 17. Speech should appear. 18. Compassion separates. 19. The Ganges spreads. 20. Reputation should increase. 21. Examination occured. 22. Thirst calms down. 23. The woman should enthuse. 24. The girl will delay. 25. The sleep should occur. 26. The woman should mortify. 27. The daughter coughs. 28. Praise will spread. 29. The pit increases. 30. The Yamuna will dry up. 31. Intelligence should bloom. 32. The daughter endeavours. 33. The girl will rejoice. 34. The daugher comes down. 35. Desire should vanish. 36. The night occurs to sleep. 37. The Narmada will spread. 38. Splendour should increase. 39. The daughter should breathe. 40. Sita shines. 41. Spleandour disappears. 42. Having feared, the daughter sleeps. 43. Having calmed down, the sister should sit. 44. The husband's sister will stop to go round. 45. Having whined, the daugher weeps. 46. Having increased, the education should spread. 47. Having delayed, the girl comes down. 48. Having stayed, the wife should sleep. 49. Having enthused, the woman should endeavour. 50. Desire should calm down. 51. Having deteriorated, the husband's sister sits. 52. The daugher should stop for sitting. 53. Having increased, the wealth shines. 54. Having wept, the girl delays. 55. The daughter will rejoice to play. 56. Having rejoiced, the sister will go round. 57. The girl should get up for sleeping. 58. Having coughed, the sister sleeps. Note : In order to solve the above exercise 17, study lessons 38 to 39 of "Prakrta Grammar and Composition". 74 Prakrta Exercise Book

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Examples: 1. The mother rejoices - Maya Harisai/Harisei/Harisael Harisadi/Harisedi/Harisade. Sijjhau/Sijjheu/ Sijjhadu/Sijjhedu. = Panna 13. Wisdom should Succeed = Parikkha Hosi/Hohi/Hohia. 21. Examination occurred 35.Desire should Vanish = Tanha Khayau/Khayadu/ Khayeu/Khayedu. (B) In the following a-ending Feminine Nouns and Verbs in brackets are given. Form sentences by using a-ending Feminine Nouns in Nominative case Singular Number according to the Tenses as directed. Write all the alternatives. 1. Ganga (Pasara) Pre. 2. Jaa (Biha) Pre. 3. Saddha (Vaddha) Imp. 4. Sikkha (Pasara) Fu. 5. Vaya (Thakka) Pre. 6. Panna (Sijjha) Imp. 7. Karuna (Phura) Fu. 8. Kamala (Ho) Pre. 9. Dhua (Harisa) Imp. 10. Sasa (Chajja) Pre. 11. Iccha (Uvasama) Fu. 12. Maya (Ullasa) Past. 13. Vaya (Phura) Imp. 14. Parikkha (Hava) Fut. 15. Dhua (Chubbha) Pre. 16. Mahila (Ucchaha) Imp. 17. Kanna (Cirava) Fu. 18. Nidda (Vaddha) Imp. 19. Suya (Khasa) Pre. 20. Mahila (Cettha) Imp. 21. Saria (Sukkha) Past. 22. Gadda (Vaddha) Pre. 23. Meha (Viasa) Imp. 24. Tanaya (Biha) Pre. 25. Nananda (Gadayada) Fu. 26. Tanha (Hu) Imp. 27. Dhua (Uvarama) Pre. 28. Suya (Ussasa) Imp. Prakrta Exercise Book 75

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29. Guha (Nassa) Fu. 31. Maira (Chusta) Imp. 33. Siya (Sijjha) Pre. 35. Jara (Vaddha) Pre. 37. Kaha (Hava) Fu. 39. Sanjha (Ho) Fu. 30. Soha (Khaya) Pre. 32. Paittha (Vaddha) Imp. 34. Ana (Phura) Pre. 36. Jauna (Sukkha) Fu. 38. Kalasiya (Cua) Pre. 40. Nisa (Hava) Pre. Example: - 1. Ganga Pasarai/Pasarei/Pasarael Pasaradi/Pasarade/Pasaredi. (C) (i) In the following a-ending Feminine Nouns and two Verbs in brackets are given. For making sentences, use a-ending Feminine Nouns in the Nominative case Singular Number, choose any one Verb for adding the suffixes of the Absolutive or Infinitive to it, and add the suffixes of the Present Tense or the Past Tense to the other Verb. Write all the alternatives of Noun forms, Verbal forms and Participles. 1. Suya (Biha, Lotta) 2. Nananda (Gadayada, Ruva) 3. Kanna (Cirava, Kimsa) 4. Dhua (Ruva, Khanja) 5. Maya (Gadayada, Uavasama) 6. Kanna (Uvasama, Uvavisa) 7. Sasa (Khasa, Uvarama) 8. Mahila (Chajja, Kudda) 9. Jaa (Ussasa, Thambha) 10. Jhumpana (Vasa, Ho) Example: 1. Suya Lottia. Bihiuna/Bihiunam/Bihium/Bihiya/ Bihiduna/Bihidunam/Bihitta (C) (ii) In the following a-ending Feminine Nouns and two Verbs in brackets are given. For making sentences, use a-ending Feminine Nouns in the Nominative case Singular Number, choose any one Verb for adding the suffixes of the Absolutive 76 Prakrta Exercise Book

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or Infinitive to it, and add the suffixes of the Imperative to the other Verb. Write all the alternatives of Noun forms, Verbal forms and Participles. 1. Sasa (Uvasama, Uvavisa) 2. Sikkha (Vaddha, Pasara) 4. Mahila (Ucchaha, Cettha) 3. Jaa (Cittha, Lotta) 5. Tanha (Jagga, Uvasama) 6. Tanaya (Uvavisa, Thambha) 7. Kanna (Lotta, Uttha) 9. Sasa (Harisa, Uttara) 8. Kamala (Vaddha, Soha) 10. Dhua (Thambha, Kila) Example: 1. Sasa Uvasamium/Uvasameum/ Uvasamidum/Uvasamedum (C) (iii) In the following a-ending Feminine Nouns and two Verbs in brackets are given. For making sentences, use a-ending Feminine Nouns in the Nominative case Singular Number, choose any one Verb for adding the suffixes of the Absolutive or Infinitive to it, and add the suffixes of the Future Tense to the other Verb. Write all the alternatives of Noun forms, Verbal forms and Participles. 1. Dhua (Thambha, Cittha) 2. Suya (Kila, Harisa) 3. Jaa (Biha, Pala) 5. Sasa (Harisa, Ghuma) 7. Kanna (Cirava, Cittha) 9. Karuna (Soha, Phura) Example: - 1. Dhua Thambhiuna/Thambhiunam/ Thambhium/Thambhiya/ Thambhitta/Thambhiduna/ Thambhidunam Uvavisau/Uvavisadu/ Uvaviseu/Uvavisedu. Prakrta Exercise Book 4. Mahila (Cukka, Khijja) 6. Nananda (Khanja, Kudda) 8. Jhumpada (Vasa, Ho) 10. Maya (Lotta, Cettha) Citthihii/Citthihie/ Citthihidi/Citthihide/ Citthissai/Citthissae/ Citthissadi/Citthissade/ Citthissidi/Citthisside. 77

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(D) In the following a-ending Nouns are given alongwith Case endings. Point out their Person, Number, Original Noun, Gender and Case-ending in each of the following Nouns. 2. Sasa 5. Vata 8. Bhukkha 11. Maira 1. Parikkha 4. Karuna 7. Nammaya 10. Guha 13. Mahila 16. Kaha 19. Tanha 22. Saria 14. Tisa 17. Ganga 20. Soha 23. Nananda 26. Nidda. 29. Saddha 3. Maya 6. Ana 9. Kalasiya 12. Dhua 15. Nisa 18. Iccha 21. Jhumpada 24. Siya 27. Pasamsa 30. Meha 25. Jara 28. Jaa Example Person Number Original Gender Case Noun ending Singular Parikkha Feminine 0 1. Parikkha Third Person 78 Prakrta Exercise Book

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Exercise 18 (A) Translate the following sentences into Praketa. Write all the alternatives of inflected Nouns, Verbal forms and Participles. 1. Mothers rejoice. 2. Educations will spread. 3. Sisters deteriorate. 4. Desires will calm down. 5. Daughters should rejoice. 6. Caves will disappear. 7. Wives fear. 8. Examinations will occur. 9. Women should enthuse. 10. Girls will delay. 11. Daughters cough. 12. Women should mortify. 13. Ditches increase. 14. Daughters sleep. 15. Daughters will rejoice. 16. Husband's sisters come down. 17. Daughters should breathe. 18. Mothers sit. 19. Speeches succeed. 20. Huts shine. 21. Examinations occur. 2 2. Daughters sit. 23. Rivers dry up. 24. Women endeavour. 25. Speeches should manifest. 26. Sisters will stay. 27. Having played, the daughters will rejoice. 28. Sisters quarreled for playing. 29. Having run away, the girls tire. 30. Having rejoiced, the mothers should live. 31. Having tired, the women should sleep. 32. Having danced, the daughters will tire. 33. Having calmed down, the sisters should sit. 34. Having rejoiced, the daughters will stay. 35. Having increased, the education should spread. 36. Having feared, the girls come down. 37. Having tired, the daughters weep. 38. Having slept, the mothers calm down. 39. Wives should stay to sleep. 40. Having enthused, the women should endeavour. 41. Desires should calm down. 42. Having feared, the daughters sleep. 43. Husband's sisters will get up to go round. 44. Having stoped, the daughters should sit. 45. Having wept, the girls delay. 46. Having coughed, the sisters sit. 47. Daughters weep to sleep. 48. Mothers should endeavour to live. 49. Daughters will rejoice to play. 50. Having danced, the daughters tire. 51. Having calmed down, the mothers should sit. 52. Having slept, the sisters should get up. 53. Husband's sisters should go round to tire. 54. Sisters should endeavour for waking up. 55. Girls will get up to sleep. 56. Daughters endeavour for danceing. 57. Having rejoiced, the Note : In order to solve the above exercise 18, study lesson 40 of "Praklta Grammar and Composition". Prakrta Exercise Book 79

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sisters will go round. 58. Daughters will jump for playing. 59. Having fainted, the demons die. 60. Sisters should stop to go round. Examples: 1. Mothers rejoice = Maya/Mayao/ Mayau Jaya/Jayau/ Jayao 12. Women should = mortify 28. Sisters quarreled - Sasa/Sasau/ for playing Sasao 40. Having enthused, the women should endeavour = Itthi/ Itthia/ Ucchahiuna/Ucchahiunam/ Ucchahiduna/Ucchahidunam/ Itthiu/Itthio Ucchahiya/Ucchahium/ 80 Ucchahitta 1. Dhua (Jambha) Pre. 3. Sikkha (Pasara) Fu. 5. Suya (Joha) Imp. 7. Parikkha (Hava) Fu. 9. Sasa (Thambha) Fu. 11. Kanna (Pala) Past. 13. Maya (Uvasama) Pre. 15. Jaa (Uvavisa) Imp. 17. Saria (Sukkha) Fu. Harisanti/Harisenti/ Harisante/Harisire. Tavantu/Taventu. Khelium/Khelidum/ Jujjhia. Kheleum/Kheledum/ Khelittae/Khelettae (B) In the following a-ending Feminine Nouns and Verbs in brackets are given. Form sentences by using a-ending Feminine Nouns in Nominative case Plural Number according to the Tenses as directed. Write all the alternatives of Noun forms and Verbal forms. Cetthantu/ Cetthentu. 2. Mahila (Harisa) Imp. 4. Maya (Harisa) Pre. 6. Jhumpada (Soha) Pre. 8. Tanaya (Khasa) Pre. 10. Nananda (Ussasa) Fu. 12. Vaya (Phura) Imp. 14. Guha (Khaya) Fu. 16. Vaya (Sijjha) Pre. 18. Iccha (Uvasama) Imp. Prakrta Exercise Book

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19. Suya (Gadayala) Pre. 20. Kalasiya (Ludha) Pre. 21. Maya (Cettha) Imp. 22. Sasa (Jujjha) Fu. 23. Jaa (Jagara) Imp. 24. Kanna (Chajja) Past. 25. Nananda (Cirava) Fu. 26. Parikkha (Hava) Pre. 27. Kanna (Uvavisa) Fu. 28. Suya (Biha) Fu. 29. Maya (Khijja) Pre. 30. Dhua (Kanda) Pre. 31. Tanaya (Khanja) Imp. 32. Saria (Sukkha) Pre. 33. Iccha (Vaddha) Pre. 34. Kalasiya (Tutta) Fu. 35. Sasa (Harisa) Imp. 36. Suya (Thambha) Imp. 37. Mahila (Vijja) Fu. 38. Kanna (Khimsa) Pre. 39. Nananda (Cukka) Pre. 40. Dhua (Ucchaha) Imp. Example: - 1. Dhua/Dhuau/Dhuao Jambhanti/ Jambhantel Jambhaire. (C) (i) In the following a-ending Feminine Nouns and two Verbs in brackets are given. For making sentences, use a-ending Feminine Nouns in the Nominative case Plural Number, choose any one Verb for adding the suffixes of the Absolutive or Infinitive to it, and add the suffixes of the Present Tense or the Past Tense to the other Verb. Write all the alternatives of Noun forms, Verbal forms and Participles. 1. Sasa (Kila, Tha) 2. Kanna (Biha, Cittha) 3. Dhua (Jujjha, Kanda) 4. Maya (Ruva, Uvasama) 5. Suya (Biha, Lotta) 6. Nananda (Chajja, Kanda) 7. Tanaya (Kanda, Cirava) 8. Mahila (Thambha, Uvavisa) 9. Jhumpada (Vasa, Ho) 10. Kanna (Nacca, Thakka) Example :1. Sasa/Sasko/Sasku Kilium/Kileum/ Thahi/Thahia/ Kilidum/Kiledur Thasi. Prakrta Exercise Book 81

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(C) (ii) In the following a-ending Feminine Nouns and two Verbs in brackets are given. For making sentences, use a-ending Feminine Nouns in the Nominative case Plural Number, choose any one Verb for adding the suffixes of the Absolutive or Infinitive to it, and add the suffixes of the Imperative to the other Verb. Write all the alternatives of Noun forms, Verbal forms and Participles. 1. Maya (Harisa, Jiva) 2. Jaa (Lotta, Cittha) 3. Sasa (Jagara, Cettha) 4. Nananda (Thakka, Ghuma) 5. Suya (Thambha, Uvavisa) 6. Tanha (Chutta, Uvasama) 7. Sikkha (Vaddha, Pasara) 8. Maya (Ucchaha, Cettha) 9. Sasa (Uvasama, Uvavisa) 10. Dhua (Rama, Kila) Example: -- 1. Maya/Mayao/ Mayau Jivantu/ Jiventu. Harisiuna/Harisiunam/ Harisiduna/Harisidunam/ Harisium/Harisiya/ Harisitta (C) (iii) In the following a-ending Feminine Nouns and two Verbs in brackets are given. For making sentences, use a-ending Feminine Nouns in the Nominative case Plural Number, choose any one Verb for adding the suffixes of the Absolutive or Infinitive to it, and add the suffixes of the Future Tense to the other Verb. Write all the alternatives of Noun forms, Verbal forms and Participles. 1. Kanna (Lotta, Vttha) 3. Dhua (Kila, Rama) 5. Guha (Jala, Nassa) 7. Jaa (Biha, Pala) 9. Jhumpada (Vasa, Ho} 2. Sasa (Harisa, Ghuma) 4. Sikkha (Vaddha, Pasara) 6. Suya (Kanda, Cittha) 8. Mahila (Jagara, Uttha) 10. Nananda (Joha, Kanda) 82 Prakrta Exercise Book

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Example: Kanna/Kannao/ Lottiuna/Lottiunam/ Utthihinti/Utthihintel Kannau Lottiduna/Lottidunam/ Utthihiire/Utthissanti/ Lottium/Lottiya/ Utthissante/Utthissaire/ Lottitta Utthissinti/Utthissintel Utthissiire. (D) In the following a-ending Nouns are given alongwith Case endings. Point out the Person, Number, Original Noun, Gender and Case -ending in each of the following Nouns. 1. Siya 2. Parikkha 3. Mayao 4. Kahau 5. Tanayao 6. Iccha 7. Gangao 8. Nanandau 9. Mahilao 10. Nisau 11. Saria 12. Sikkha 13. Jhumpadao 14. Kalasiya 15. Gaddau 16. Jaau 17. Guhao 18. Kannau 19. Pasamsao 20. Dhuao 21. Mahilau 22. Siyao 23. Jhumpala 24. Sasa 25. Suyao 26. Vayao 27. Sariau 28. Maya 29. Sikkhao 30. Nisao Example 1. Siya Person Number Original Gender Case Noun ending Third Singular/ Siya Feminine 0 Person Plural Prakrta Exercise Book 83

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(A) Translate the following sentences into Prakrta. Write all the alternatives of inflected Nouns, Verbal forms and Participles. Exercise 19 84 1. The camel sits. 2. The aircraft may fly. 3. Examination will occur. 4. The dog barks. 5. The government should spread. 6. Girls will dance. 7. Books shine. 8. Pleasure should increase. 9. The sister plays. 10. The king should rejoice. 11. The small bundle falls down. 12. The small earthen water pots break. 13. The grandson should rejoice. 14. Citizens will wake up. 15. Wealth increases. 16. Clouds thunder. 17. Detachment should increase. 18. Desires will calm down. 19. The cloth dries up. 20. Beauty will bloom. 21. Education will spread. 22. The maternal uncle should get up. 23. Water drops. 24. Rivers willdry up. 25. Disgrace spreads. 26. Suffering should vanish. 27. Caves disappeared. 28. Vows shine. 29. Knowledge should succeed. 30. Sisters will stay. 31. The son trembles. 32. Moral conduct shines. 33. Thirst will occur. 34. Demons should die. 35. Seeds will grow. 36. Women should enthuse. 37. Lions run away. 38. The truth should bloom. 39. Speech tires. 40. Having jumped, the demons die. 41. The citizen will endeavour to wake up. 42. The daughter rejoices. 43. Having wept, the children will sleep. 44. Having stayed, the aircraft will fly. 45. Desire should calm down. 46. Having risen, the sun shines. 47. Men should endeavour for living. 48. Daughters will rejoice for playing. 49. Having tired, the maternal uncles sit. 50. Having burnt, the thread disappears. 51. Having delayed, the girl comes down. 52. Having fallen, the jewel will break. 53. The state quarrels to spread. 54. Having stayed, the daughter will get up. 55. Having burnt, the books disappear. 56. Having endeavoured, the citizens should play. 57. Having rejoiced, the sister will go round. 58. Having feared, the serpents ran away. 59. Mothers should endeavour to live. Note : In order to solve the above exercise 19, study lessons 30 to 40 of "Prakrta Grammar and Composition". Prakrta Exercise Book

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Examples: 1. The camel sits 37. Lions run away 45. Desire should calm down = Karaho 17.Detachment should Veraggam increase 27. Caves disappeared = Guha/Guhau/ Guhao = Siha = Tanha Prakrta Exercise Book Acchai/Acchei/Acchae/ Acchadi/Acchade. Vaddhau/Vaddheu/ Vaddhadu/Vaddhedu. Nassia. 58. Having feared, the serpents ran away= Sappa Palanti/Palante/Palaire. Uvasamau/Uvasamadu/ Uvasameu/Uvasamedu. 1. Kukkura (Bukka) Pre. 3. Sikkha (Pasara) Fu. 5. Lakkuda (Jala) Imp. 7. Parikkha (Hava) Fu. 9. Putta (Kudda) Past. 11. Khira (Cua) Imp. 13. Ghara (Pada) Pre. 15. Meha (Viasa) Fu. 17. Rajja (Cettha) Imp. 19. Maula (Pala) Pre. 21. Kamala (Soha) Pre. 23. Veragga (Vaddha) Imp. Dariuna/Dariunam/Dariduna/ Palasi/Palahi/ Daridunam/Darium/ Palahia. Dariya/Daritta (B) In the following Nouns and Verbs in brackets are given. Form sentences in any Number by using Tense as directed. Write all the alternatives of Noun forms and Verbal forms. 2. Patta (Sukkha) Imp. 4. Potta (Nacca) Pre. 6. Iccha (Uvasama) Fu. 8. Vattha (Sukkha) Imp. 10. Maya (Thambha) Fu. 12. Vaya (Gala) Pre. 14. Sasana (Pasara) Imp. 16. Meha (Gajja) Pre. 18. Kanna (Cirava) Fu. 20. Jovvana (Viasa) Pre. 22. Dukkha (Gala) Imp. 24. Panna (Sijjha) Imp. 85

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25. Huavaha (Jala) Fu. 26. Rajja (Ucchaha) Fu. 27. Tisa (Uvasama) Fu. 28. Meha (Viasa) Pre. 29. Vimana (Udda) Past. 30. Agama (Soha) Imp. 31. Vaya (Sijjha) Pre. 32. Nayarajana (Cettha) Imp. 33. Mahila (Ucchaha) Imp. 34. Nara (Ujjama) Fu. 35. Bia (Uga) Fu. 36. Guha (Nassa) Fu. 37. Avayasa (Pasara) Pre. 38. Sila (Soha) Imp. 39. Sasa (Cittha) Fu.. 40. Karaha (Nacca) Pre. Example: - 1. Kukkuro Bukkai/Bukkae/Bukkadi/Bukkade. (C) (i) In the following Nouns and two Verbs in brackets are given. For making sentences use Nouns in the Nominative case Singular Number or Plural Number, choose any one Verb for adding the suffixes of the Absolutive or Infinitive to it, and add the suffixes of the Present Tense or the Past Tense to the other Verb. Write all the alternatives of Noun forms, Verbal forms and Participles. 1. Kukkura (Bukka, Uvavisa) 2. Salila (Cua, Pasara) 3. Sasa (Khasa, Uttha) 4. Nara (Uppajja, Mara) 5. Gana (Gunja, Phura) 6. Suya (Lotta, Kanda) 7. Diara (Vala, Uvavisa) 8. Nara (Uttha, Uvavisa) 9. Jhumpala (Vasa, Ho) 10. Vasana (Chutta, Nassa) Example: - Bukkiuna/Bukkiunam/ 1. Kukkura Bukkiduna/Bukkidunam/ Bukkiya/Bukkium/Bukkitta Uvavisia. 86 Prakrta Exercise Book

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(C) (ii) In the following Nouns and two Verbs in brackets are given. For making sentences use Nouns in the Nominative case Singular Number or Plural Number, choose any one Verb for adding the suffixes of the Absolutive or Infinitive to it, and add the suffixes of the Imperative to the other Verb. Write all the alternatives of Noun forms, Verbal forms and Participles. 1. Rahunandana (Harisa, Accha) 2. Rajja (Pasara, Soha) 3. Gana (Gunja, Phura) 4. Mahila (Ucchaha, Cettha) 5. Gama (Vasa, Pasara) 6. Vasana (Chutta, Nassa) 7. Bappa (Hasa, Jiva) . 8. Divayara (Soha, Uga) 9. Sasa (Uvasama, Uvavisa) 10. Sikkha (Vaddha, Pasara) Example : 1. Rahuoandano Harisiuna/Harisiunam/ Acchau/Accheu/ Harisiduna/Harisidunam/ Acchadu/Acchedu. Harisiya/Harisium/ Harisitta (C) (iii) In the following Nouns and two Verbs in brackets are given. For making sentences use Nouns in the Nominative case Singular Number or Plural Number, choose any one Verb for adding the suffixes of the Absolutive or Infinitive to it, and add the suffixes of the Future Tense to the other Verb. Write all the alternatives of Noun forms, Verbal forms and Participles. 1. Sutta (Gala, Tutta) 2. Rayana (Pala, Tutta) 3. Vimana (sha, Udda) 4. Dhua (Thambha, Cittha) 5. Suya (Khela, Rama) 6. Sasa (Harisa, Kila) 7. Ghara (Pada, Nassa) 8. Udaga (Sukkha, Nijjhara) 9. Gantha (Jala, Nassa) 10. Mahila (Ucchaha, Cettha) Prakrta Exercise Book 87

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Example: 1. Suttam (D) In the following Nouns are given alongwith Case-endings. Point out the Person, Number, Original Noun, Gender and Case-ending in each of the following Nouns. 1. Sokkhaim 4. Vimanani 7. Rajjaim 10. Lakkudam 13. Sasanaim 16. Chikkam 19. Vatthaim 22. Bhoyanam 25. Khettam 28. Udagam Example - 1. Sokkhaim 88 Galiuna/Galiunam/ Tuttihii/Tuttihie/ Galiduna/Galidunam/ Tuttihidi/Tuttihide/ Galiya/Galium/ Tuttissai/Tuttissae/ Tuttissadi/Tuttissade/ Tuttissidi/Tuttisside. Galitta 2. Sasao 5. Tanayau 8. Maya 11. Mehao 14. Parikkha 17. Suyao 20. Ana 23. Raya 26. Karunao 29. Sayara Person Third Person 3. Putto 6. Vaya 9. Sappo 12. Agamo 15. Paramesaro 18. Rayanaim 21. Avayaso 24. Saria 27. Bhavo 30. Dhanaim Number Original Gender Case Noun ending Plural Sokkha Neuter im aim Prakrta Exercise Book

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Exercise 20 (A-1) Change the following Verbs into the Past Participle. Afterwards, add the suffixes of the a-ending Masculine Nouns in Nominative Singular. 1. Hasa 4. Rusa 7. Jiva 2. Saya 5. Lukka 8. Kanda 3. Nacca 6. Jagga 9. Harisa Example Past According to a-ending Masculine Nouns Participle Nominative Singular Hasa Hasia/Hasiya Hasio/Hasiyo/ Hasita/Hasida Hasito/Hasido (A-2) Change the following Verbs into the Past Participle. Afterwards, add the suffixes of the a-ending Neuter Nouns in Nominative Singular. 1. Vaddha 2. Viasa 3. Gunja 4. Kudda 5. Jagara 6. Vijja 7. Chutta 8. Vasa 9. Cukka Example Past Vaddha Participle Vaddhial Vaddhiya/ Vaddhita/ Vallhida According to a-ending NeuterNouns Nominative Singular Vaddhiam/ Vaddhiyam/ Vaddhitam/ Vaddhidam Note : In order to solve the above exercise 20, study lesson 42 of "Prakrta Grammar and Composition". Prakrta Exercise Book 89

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(A-3) Change the following Verbs into the Past Participle. Afterwards, add the suffixes of the a-ending Masculine Nouns in Nominative Plural. 1. Nacca 4. Soha 7. Tha Example - Nacca Example - Viasa Past Participle Naccia/ 90 Nacciya/ Naccita/ Naccida 1. Viasa 4. Khasa 7. Uttara (A-4) Change the following Verbs into the Past Participle. Afterwards, add the suffixes of the a-ending Neuter Nouns in Nominative Plural. Past Participle Viasia 2. Khaya 5. Sukkha 8. Bukka 1. Uttha 4. Lajja 7. Mara According to a-ending Masculine Nouns Nominative Plural Naccia/ Nacciya/ Naccita/ Naccida 3. Jala 6. Pala 9. Uga 2. Ho 5. Uvasama 8. Tutta (A-5) Change the following Verbs into the Past Participle. Afterwards, change them into the Feminine by making them a-ending. Thereafter add the suffixes of a-ending Feminine Nouns in the Nominative Singular. 3. Uvavisa 6. Thambha 9. Udda According to a-ending Neuter Nouns Nominative Plural Viasiaim/Viasiaim/Viasiani 2. Tha 5. Accha 8. Khela 3. Hasa 6. Nijjhara 9. Kulla Prakrta Exercise Book

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Example - Past Participle Uttha Utthia/Utthiya Utthia/Utthiya/ Utthita/Utthida Utthita/Utthida 1. Jagga 4. Pasara 7. Hava (A-6) Change the following Verbs into the Past Participle. Afterwards, change them into the Feminine by making them a-ending. Thereafter add the suffixes of a-ending Feminine Nouns in the Nominative Plural. Example - Past Participle a-ending Form Jagga Jaggia/ Jaggiya/ Jaggita/ Jaggida 2. Chajja 5. Thambha 8. Ucchaha a-ending Form Jaggia/ Jaggiya/ Jaggita/ Jaggida According to a-ending Feminine Nouns Nominative Singular Utthia/Utthiya/ Utthita/Utthida 3. Biha 6. Ussasa 9. Cettha According to a-ending Feminine Nouns Nominative Plural Jaggia/Jaggiau/ Jaggiao/Jaggiya/ Jaggiyau/Jaggiyao/ Jaggita/Jaggitau/ Jaggitao/Jaggida/ Jaggidau/Jaggidao (B) Translate the following sentences into Prakrta. Make Past Participles and add the suffixes of a-ending Nouns (Mas. and Neu.) and those of a-ending Nouns (Fem.) in accordance with the Gender and Number of the subject (Noun and Personal Pronoun) Write all the alternatives. 1. The king laughed. 2. The son got up. 3. The vow disappeared. 4. The jewel fell. 5. Fire burned. 6. Disgrace spread. 7. The book shined. 8. The child wept. 9. Hanumana Jumped. 10. The demon Prakrta Exercise Book 91

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died. 11. Clouds thundered. 12. Kings laughed. 13. Sons got up. * 14. Vows disappeared. 15. Jewels fell. 16. Cloths dried up. 17. Villages shined. 18. Grandsons sat. 19. Aircrafts flied. 20. The government spread. 21. Kingdom increased. 22. The small bundle fell down. 23. Moral conduct appeared. 24. Beauty bloomed. 25. Wood burned. 26. The forest ended. 27. The head ached. 28. The truth bloomed. 29. Aircrafts flied. 30. Papers dried up. 31. Pleasures increased. 32. Kingdoms increased. 33. Woods burned. 34. Addictions separated. 35. Cloths dried up. 36. Threads broke. 37. Songs shined. 38. Fields shined. 39. Examination occurred. 40. The sister stoped. 41. The hut shined. 42. Education spread. 43. The river dried up. 44. The daughter slept. 45. The Yamuna spread. 46. The wife feared. 47. The daughter stayed. 48. Praise spread. 49. Daughters sat. 50. Examinations occurred. 51. Sisters stoped. 52. Education spread. 53. Daughters slept. 54. Daughters woke up. 55. Rivers dried up. 56. Desires increased. 57. Huts shined. 58. Caves disappeared. 59. I woke up. 60. He stayed. 61. You rejoiced. 62.1 (Fem) sat. 63. You slept. 64. She laughed. 65. I (Mas.) ran away. 66. He turned. 67. You got up. 68. He played. 69. We all woke up. 70. They all stayed. 71. You all rejoiced. 72. We both sat. 73. You all slept. 74. They all jumped. 75. We both ran away. 76. They both turned. 77. You both sat. 78. They all played. Examples - 1. The King laughed: Narindo Hasio/Hasiyo/ Hasito/Hasido. 23. Moral conduct - Sila appeared Phuriam/Phuriyam/ Phuritar/Phuridan. 41. The hut shined: Jhumpada Chajjia/Chajjiya/Chajjita/ Chajjida. 92 Praksta Exercise Book

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56.Desires increased= Iccha/ Icchau/ Icchao Vaddhia/Vaddhiau/ Vaddhiao/Vaddhiya/ Vaddhiyau/Vaddhiyao/ Vaddhita/Vaddhitau/ Vaddhitao/Vaddhida/ Vaddhidau/Vaddhidao. 69. We all woke up = Amhe/ Vayam Jaggia/Jaggiya/ Jaggita/Jaggida. (C-1) Use the following Masculine Nouns in the Nominative Singular or the Nominative Plural and change the verbs given in brackets into Past Participles, and then make sentences by adding any one suffix of the Absolutive or the Infinitive to the Verbs given in the middle. Write all the alternatives of inflected Nouns and Past Participles. 1. Kukkura, Bukka (Accha) 2. Putta, Biha (Kanda) 3. Gantha, Jala (Nassa) 4. Mitta, Harisa (Jiva) 5. Potta, Nacca (Uttha) 6. Rayana, Pada (Tutta) 7. Maula, Jagara (Dula) 8. Karaha, Thakka (Nacca) 9. Duha, Gala (Nassa) 10. Vaya, Tutta (Gala) Example 1. Kukkuro Bukkiuna Acchio/Acchiyo/ Acchito/Acchido. (C-2) Use the following Neuter Nouns in the Nominative Singular or the Nominative Plural and change the verbs given in brackets into Past Participles, and then make sentences by adding any one suffix of the Absolutive or the Infinitive to the Verbs given in the middle. Write all the alternatives of inflected Nouns and Past Participles. 1. Vimana, Udda(Thambha) 2. Sasana, Pasara (Vaddha) Prakrta Exercise Book 93

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3. Lakkuda, Nassa (Jala) 5. Sutta, Gala (Tutta) 7. Ghaya, Cua (Pasara) 9. Bia, Uga (Vaddha) Example - 1. Vimanam 94 Example. 1. Uddium (C-3) Use the following Feminine Nouns in the Nominative Singular or the Nominative Plural and change the verbs given in brackets into Past Participles, and then make sentences by adding any one suffix of the Absolutive or the Infinitive to the Verbs given in the middle. Write all the alternatives of inflected Nouns and Past Participles. 4. Nayarajana, Kudda (Pala) 6. Pottala, Ludha (Pada) 8. Bhaya, Khaya (Pala) 10. Rina, Chutta (Nassa) 1. Siya, Thakka (Lotta) 3. Sasa, Nacca (Thakka) 5. Tanaya, Jujjha (Ruva) 2. Dhua, Biha (Kanda) 4. Mahila, Dara (Pala) 6. Jaa, Uvasama (Uvavisa) 8. Jhumpada, Vasa (Hava) 7. Tanha, Chutta (Nassa) 9. Pasamsa, Vaddha (Pasara) 10. Kanna, Kudda (Cittha) Thambhiam. Siya Thakkiduna Lottia. (C-4) Use the following Personal Pronouns in the Nominative Singular or the Nominative Plural and change the verbs given in brackets into Past Participles, and then make sentences by adding any one suffix of the Absolutive or the Infinitive to the Verbs given in the middle. Write all the alternatives of inflected Pronouns and Past Participles. 1. Ta, Nacca (Thakka) 2. Amha, Dara (Pala) 3. Tumha, Ucchaha (Ujjama) 4. Ta, Khela (Saya) 5. Ta, Mara (Kulla) 6. Amha, Cirava (Uttara) Prakrta Exercise Book

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7. Tumha, Thakka (Ghuma) 9. Amha, Harisa (Kila) Example . 1. So (D) 1. Hasia 4. Thao 7. Dukkhiyam 10. Sukkhau 13. Galiani 16. Nacciam 19. Lukkiao 22. Hoaim 25. Jujjhiaim 28. Ujjamia Example . Nacciunam Point out the suffix, Number, Gender and Original Verb in each of the following Past Participles. 1. Hasia Prakyta Exercise Book 8. Ta, Kanda (Muccha) 10. Ta, Kalaha (Lajja) Thakkio/Thakkiyo/ Thakkito/Thakkido. 2. Viasiaim 5. Bihiao 8. Cukkia 11. Kheliaim 14. Nassiam 17. Jivio 20. Jaggiau 23. Sayio 26. Ghumiam 29. Lajjiao 3. Utthiau 6. Thambhiao 9. Kuddiao 12. Uvasamiao 15. Harisia 18. Acchiaim 21. Jagaria 24. Uttariao 27. Dariaim 30. Dukkhiani Original Gender Number Suffix Verb Hasa Plural a Masc. Feminine Singular/ Plural 95

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Exercise 21 (A-1) Change the following Verbs into the Present Participle. Afterwards, add the suffixes of a-ending Masculine Nouns in the Nominative Singular. 1. Hasa 2. Dara 3. Saya 4. Nacca 5. Rusa 6. Lajja Example Verb Present According to a-ending Participle Masculine Nouns Nominative Singular Hasa Hasanta) Hasanto/ Hasamana - Hasamano (A-2) Change the following Verbs into the Present Participle. Afterwards, add the suffixes of a-ending Masculine Nouns in the Nominative Plural. 1. Hasa 3. Khaya 2. Nacca 4. Jala 6. Uvasam 5. Soha Example Verb Present Participle According to a-ending Masculine Nouns Nominative Plural Hasanta/ Hasamana Hasa Hasanta/ Hasamana Note : In order to solve the above exercise 21, study lesson 43 of "Prakta Grammar and Composition". 96 Prakrta Exercise Book

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(A-3) Change the following Verbs into the Present Participle. Afterwards, add the suffixes of a-ending Neuter Nouns in the Nominative Singular. 1. Vaddha 2. Viasa 3. Gunja 4. Kudda 5. Jagara 6. Uttara Example Verb Present According to a-ending Participle Neuter Nouns Nominative Singular Vaddhantal Vaddhantam/ Vaddhamana Vaddhamanam Vaddha (A-4) Change the following Verbs into the Present Participle. Afterwards, add the suffixes of a-ending Neuter Nouns in the Nominative Plural. 1. Viasa 2. Ho 3. Thambha 4. Tutta 5. Udda 6. Dara Example Verb Present Participle According to a-ending Neuter Nouns Nominative Plural Viasantaim/Viasantaim/ Viasantani/Viasamanaim/ Viasamanain/Viasamanani Viasa Viasanta/ Viasamana (A-5) Change the following Verbs into the Present Participle. Afterwards, change them into the Feminine by making them a-ending. Thereafter add the suffixes of the a-ending Feminine Nouns in the Nominative Singular. Praksta Exercise Book 97

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1. Nacca 3. Lajja 5. Dula 2. Uztha 4. Hasa 6. Rusa Example Verb Present Participle a-ending Form According to a-ending Feminine Nouns Nominative Singular Naccanta/ Naccamana Nacca Naccanta/ Naccamana Naccanta/ Naccamana (A-6) Change the following Verbs into the Present Participle. Afterwards, change them into the Feminine by making them a-ending. Thereafter add the suffixes of the a. ending Feminine Nouns in the Nominative Plural. 1. Saya 3. Biha 5. Cettha 2. Jagga 4. Thambha 6. Harisa Example - Verb Present Participle a-ending Form Saya Sayanta/ Sayamana Sayanta/ Sayamana According to a-ending Feminine Nouns Nominative Plural Sayanta/Sayantau/ Sayantao/Sayamana/ Sayamanau/ Sayamanao (B) Translate the following sentences into Praksta. Make Present Participle and add the suffixes of a-ending Nouns (Mas. and Neu.) and those of a-ending Nouns (Fem.) in accordance with the Gender and Number of the subject (Noun and Personal Pronoun). Write all the alternatives. 1. The embarrassing son sits. 2. The barking dog runs away. 3. The trembling demons sit. 4. The fearing child weeps. 5. The 98 Prakrta Exercise Book

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burning fire vanishes. 6. Dancing camels tire. 7. Increasing moral conduct blossoms. 8. The burning wood disappears. 9. Increasing detachment shines. 10. The enthusing mother sits. 1 1. Increasing reputation shines. 12. The grieving women go round. 13. Increasing faith shines. 14. Vanishing Karmas separate. 15. Embarrassing, he hides. 16. Playing, I rejoice. 17. Dancing, you tire. 18. Weeping, you all quarrel. 19. Playing, we all rejoice. 20. Quarrelling, you all fight. 21. The Laughing man should live. 22. The rejoicing father should endeavour. 23. The enthusing child should play. 24. The enthusing women should endeavour. 25. The calming down girl sits. 26. Rejoicing, you should play. 27. Rejoicing, I should dance. 28. Laughing, you all sit. 29. Running away, we all should play. 30. The succeeding truth will shine. 31. Increasing education will spread. 32. Dancing girls will tire. 33. Falling jewels will break. 34. Endeavouring men will jump. 35. The sitting grandson will turn. 36. The jumping demons will die. 37. Laughing, I (Fem.) shall live. 38. Jumping, you will tire. 39. Rejoicing, she will dance. 40. Endeavouring, we all shall wake up. 41. Calming down, they all will sit. 42. Fearing, you all hide. 43. Dripping, clarified butter fell. 44. The endeavouring grandfather sat. 45. The endeavouring friend rejoiced. 46. The fighting grandsons trembled. 47. The whining son sat. 48. Dripping, the water dried up. 49. The floundering demon died. 50. The laughing citizen lived. 51. The rejoicing daughter got up. 52. Burning grass disappeared. 53. Playing, I rejoiced. 54. Fearing, she wept. 55. Grieving, we sat. 56. Stopping, they all came down. 57. Calming down, they all sat. 58. Jumping, we all tired. Examples. 1. The embarrassing Putto Lajjanto/ son sits Lajjamano Prakrta Exercise Book Acchai/Acchei/ Acchae/Acchadi/ Acchade. 99

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12. The grieving women go round = (i) Khijjanta/ Khijjantau/ Khijjantao Ghumire/ Khijjamana/ Ghumenti. Khijjamanau/ Khijjamanao Mahila/ Mahilau/ Mahilao (ii) 22. The rejoicing father should endeavour = Bappo 37. Laughing, I (Fem.) shall live = Aham/Ham/ Hasanta/ Ammi Hasamana 43. Dripping, clarified butter fell = Ghayam Ullasanto/ Ujjamau/Ujjameu/ Ullasamano Ujjamadu/Ujjamedu. 100 Ghumanti/ Ghumante/ 56. Stopping, they all came down = Te Jivihimi/Jivihami/ Jivissami/Jivissimi/ Jivehimi/Jivessami/ Jivehami/Jivissam/ Jivessam. Cuantam (i) Padia Cuamanam (ii) Padiam/Paditam/ Padidam/Padiyam. Thambhanta/ (i) Thambhamana (ii) (C-1) For making sentences use the following Nouns and Pronouns as subjects in the Nominative Singular or Plural Number, and choose any one Verb from the Verbs given in brackets for changing it to Present Participle and add suffixes of the Present Tense to the other Verb. Uttria/Uttaria Uttariya/Uttarita/ Uttarida. 1. Karaha (Nacca, Thakka) 2. Veragga (Vaddha, Soha) 3. Jhumpada (Pada, Nassa) 4. Ta (Dara, Pala) 5. Amha (Kila, Harisa) 6. Tumha (Ucchaha, Cettha) Prakrta Exercise Book

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Example * 1. Karaho Naccanto/ Naccamano Thakkai/Thakkei/ Thakkae/Thakkadi/ Thakkade. (C-2) For making sentences use the following Nouns and Pronouns as subjects in the Nominative Singular or Plural Number, and choose any one Verb from the Verbs given in brackets for changing it to Present Participle and add suffixes of the Imperative to the other Verb. 1. Rajja (Vaddha, Pasara) 2. Mahila (Ucchaha, Cettha) 3. Balaa (Ucchaha, Khela) 4. Tumha (Hasa, Accha) 5. Amha (Pala, Khela) 6. Ta (Uvasama, Uvavisa) Example 1. Rajjaim/ Rajjain/ Rajjani Vaddhantaim/ Vaddhantais/ Vaddhantani Pasarantu/ Pasarentu. (C-3) For making sentences use the following Nouns and Pronouns as subjects in the Nominative Singular or Plural Number, and choose any one Verb from the Verbs given in brackets for changing it to Present Participle and add suffixes of the Future Tense to the other Verb. 1. Sacca (Sijjha, Soha) 2. Rakkhasa (Kulla, Mara) 3. Kanna (Nacca, Thakka) 4. Ta (Uvasama, Accha) 5. Tumha (Dara, Lukka) 6. Amha (Cettha, Jagara) Example 1. Saccam Sijjhantam/ Sijjhamanam Sohihii/Sohihie/Sohihidi/ Sohihide/Sohissai/ Sohissae/Sohissadi/ Sohissade/Sohissidi/ Sohisside. Praksta Exercise Book 101

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(C-4) For making sentences use the following Nouns and Pronouns as subjects in the Nominative Singular or Plural Number, and choose any one Verb from the Verbs given in brackets for changing it to Present Participle and add suffixes of the Past Participle or the Past Tense to the other Verb for expressing the purport of the Past Tense. Example . (D) 1. Potta (Jujjha, Kampa) 3. Suya (Harisa, Uttha) 5. Tumaha (Khijja, Uvavisa) 102 Potto Jujjhanto/Jujjhamano Kampia/etc. or Potto Jujjhanto/Jujjhamano Kampio/etc. Point out the suffix, Number, Gender and Original Verb in each of the following Present Participles. 1. Hasanto 4. Kuddantau 7. Chitthanta 10. Chuttanto 13. Khasanta 16. Lajjamano 19. Utthanta Example - 1. Hasanto 2. Putta (Gadayada, Cittha) 4. Ta (Dara, Kanda) 6. Amha (Kudda, Thakka) 2. Viasamanani 5. Ramantao 8. Ciravamana 11. Jagarantaim 14. Phullantau 17. Daranto 20. Thakkantaim Original Gender Verb Hasa Masculine 1 3. Vaddhantaim 6. Gunjamanani 9. Phuranta 12. Chuttamano 15. Thambhamanaim 18. Gadayadamanaim Number Suffix Singular nta Prakrta Exercise Book

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Exercise 22 (A-1) Write the inflected forms of a-ending Masculine Nouns in the Instrumental Singular and Plural. 1. Narinda 2. Karaha 3. Divayara 4. Mitta 5. Paramesara 6. Gantha 7. Rakkhasa 8. Marua 9. Pada Example a-ending Masculine Noun Narinda Instrumental Singular Narindena/ Narindenam Instrumental Plural Narindehi/ Narindehim/ Narindehis (A-2) Write the inflected forms of a-ending Neuter Nouns in the Instrumental Singular and Plural. 1. Kamala 4. Khetta 7. Lakkuda 2. Rajja 5. Vattha. 8. Jivana 3. Postala 6. Kamma 9. Dhana Example a-ending Neuter Noun Kamala Instrumental Singular Kamalena/ Kamalena Instrumental Plural Kamalehi/ Kamalehim/ Kamalehin Note : In order to solve the above exercise 22, study lesson 45 of "Praketa Grammar and Composition". Praksta Exercise Book 103

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(A-3) Write the inflected forms of k-ending Feminine Nouns in the Instrumental Singular and Plural. 1. Sasa 2. Maya 3. Jara 4. Kaha 5. Kanna 6. Jhumpada 7. Mahila 8. Ganga 9. Sikkha Example - a-ending Feminine Noun Sasa Instrumental Singular Saske/Sasai/ Sasaa Instrumental Plural Sasahi/Sasahim/ Sasahis (A-4) Write the inflected forms of Personal Pronoun in the Instrumental Singular and Plural. 1. Amha 3. Ta 2. Tumha 4. Ta Example Personal Pronoun Amha Instrumental Singular Mai/Mael Me/Mamae Instrumental Plural Amhehi/ Amhahi (B) Change the following Verbs into Past Participles. Write their Nominative Neuter Singular forms. 1. Hasa 4. Pada 7. Khela 10. Saya 2. Lajja 5. Ghuma 8. Kulla 11. Biha 3. Thakka 6. Ucchala 9. Jujjha 12. Pasara Example - Verb Hasa Past Particile Hasia/Hasiya Hasita/Hasida Neuter Nominative Singular Hasiam/Hasiyam/ Hasitam/Hasidar 104 Prakrta Exercise Book

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(C) Translate the following sentences into Praksta. For making sentences use Insturmental Singular or Plural in accordance with the Number (Singular or Plural) of Nouns and Personal Pronouns. Use the Past Participle of the Neuter Gender in the Nominative Singular for expressing the purport of the Past Tense. 1. The king laughed. 2. The dog barked. 3. The citizen woke up. 4. The grandson danced. 5. The girl danced. 6. The friend rejoiced. 7. The demon died. 8. The examination occurred. 9. The daughter coughed. 10. The ocean dried up. 11. The aircraft flied. 12. The small bundle fell down. 13. The lion roared. 14. The mother rejoiced. 15. The wife feared. 16. The camel sat. 17. The son slept. 18. The cloth dried up. 19. He tired. 20. You delayed. 21. 1 sat. 22. Kings laughed. 23. Friends rejoiced. 24. Demons died. 25. Daughters coughed. 26. Lions roared. 27. Mothers rejoiced. 28. Camels sat. 29. Sons sat. 30. Dogs barked. 31. Citizens woke up. 32. Girls danced. 33. Oceans dried up. 34. Wells dried up. 35. Jewels shine. 36. States fought. 37. Women calmed down. 38. Aircrafts flied. 39. Girls hid. 40. Citizens grieved. 41. Maternal uncles rejoiced. 42. Kings appeared. 43. Children played. 44. You all feared. 45. They tired. 46. We sat. 47. You all dealyed. 48. They (women) slept. 49. We went round. Eaxmples 1. The King laughed = Narindena/Narindenam Hasiam/Hasiyam/ Hasitam/Hasidam. 8. The examination occurred : Parikkhaa/Parikkhai/ Parikkhae Hoam/Hoyam/ Hotam/Hodam. 20. You delayed - Tai/Tael Tume/Tumae Cirkvias/Ciraviyam/ Ciravitam/Ciravidar Praksta Exercise Book 105

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28. Camels sat : Karahehi/Karahehim/ Karahehin Citthias/Citthiyam/ Citthtiai/Citthidam. 40. Citizens grieved : Nayarajanehi/Nayarajanehim/ Nayarajanehis Khijjiar/Khijjiyam/ Khijjitam/Khijjidan. 48. They (Fem.) slept = Tahi/Tahim/Tahis/ Tihi/Tihim/Tihis Sayiai/Sayiyam/ Sayitam/Sayidarn. (D) Translate the following sentences into Praksta. For expressing the purport of the Past Tense use the Past Participle in Active Voice and Impersonal form. Write all the alternatives. Active Voice Impersonal form 1. The friend rejoiced. This form does not exist in English. 2. The king laughed. 3. Demons jumped. 4. The daughter coughed. 5. Grandsons jumped. 6. Mothers rejoiced. 7. The dog barked. 8. The wife feared. 9. The son slept. 10. Citizens woke up. 11. The camel sat. 12. Water dripped. 13. Disgrace spread. 14. Fire burned. 15. Reputation increased. 16. Pleasure vanished. 17. The aircraft flied. 106 Praksta Exercise Book

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18. The small bundel fell down. 19. The cloth dried up. 20. The book shined. 21. Girls danced. 22. Clouds thundered. 23. Oceans dried up. 24. Jewels shined. 25. The Woman calmed down. Eaxmples 1. Active Voice - The friend rejoiced = Impersonal Form - The friend rejoiced 4. Active Voice The daughter coughed= Impersonal Form The daughter coughed = 10. Active VoiceCitizens woke up = Prakrta Exercise Book = Mitto Mittena/ Mittenam Dhua Dhuaa/ Dhuai/ Dhuae Harisio/Harisiyo/ Harisito/Harisido. Harisiam/Harisiyam/ Harisitam/Harisidam. Khasia/Khasiya/ Khasita/Khasida. Khasiam/ Khasiyam/ Khasitam/Khasidam. Nayarajanaim/ Jaggiaim/Jaggiaim/ Nayarajanaim/ Jaggiani/Jaggitaim/ Nayarajanani Jaggitaim/Jaggitani/ Jaggidaim/ Jaggidaim/ Jaggidani. 107

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Impersonal Form - Citizens woke up = Nayarajanehi/ Nayarajanehim/ Nayarajanehim 12. Active Voice Water dripped = Impersonal Form Water dripped= 41. Active Voice - Girls danced = 108 Impersonal Form - Girls danced = Udagam Udagena/ Udagenam Kanna/Kannau Kannao Kannahi/Kannahim/ Kannahim Jaggiam/Jaggiyam/ Jaggitam/Jaggidam. Nijjhariam/ Nijjhariyam/ Nijjharitam/ Nijjharidam. Nijjhariam/ Nijjhariyam/ Nijjharitam/ Nijjharidam. Naccia/Nacciau/ Nacciao/Naccita/ Naccitau/Naccitao/ Naccida/Naccidau/ Naccidao. Nacciam/Nacciyam/ Naccitam/ Naccidam. Prakrta Exercise Book

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Exercise 23 (A) Translate the following sentences into Praksta. Write all the alternatives of Noun Forms, Pronoun Forms, Verbal Forms and Participle Forms. 1. The king laughs. 2. The king should laugh. 3. The king will laugh. 4. The King laughed. 5. The king laughed (Impersonal form). 6. Children sit. 7. Children sat. 8. Children will sit. 9. Children sat. 10. Children sat (Impersonal form). 11. The aircraft flies. 12. The aircraft should fly. 13. The aircraft will fly. 14. The aircraft flied. 15. The aircraft flied (Impersonal form). 16. Citizens appear. 17. Citizens should appear.18. Citizens will appear. 19. Citizens appeared. 20. Citizens appeared (Impersonal form). 21. The mother rejoices. 22. The mother should rejoice. 23. The mother will rejoice. 24. The mother rejoiced. 25. The mother rejoiced (Impersonal form). 26. Girls hide. 27. Girls should hide. 28. Girls will hide. 29. Girls hid. 30. Girls hid (Impersonal form). 31. He wakes up. 32. He should wake up. 33. He will wake up. 34. He woke up. 35. He woke up (Impersonal form). 36. You all stop. 37. You all should stop. 38. You all will stop. 39. You all stopped. 40. You all stopped (Impersonal form). 41. I stay. 42. I should stay, 43. I shall stay. 44. I stayed. 45. I stayed (Impersonal form). 46. They all wake up. 47. They all should wake up. 48. They all will wake up. 49. They all woke up. 50. They all woke up (Impersonal form). 51. Sita gets up to sleep. 52. Sita should get up to sleep. 53. Sita will get up to sleep. 54. Sita got up to sleep. 55. Sita got up to sleep (Impersonal form). 56. You get up to dance. 57. You should get up to dance. 58. You will get up to dance. 59. You got up to dance. 60. You got up to dance (Impersonal form). Note : In order to solve the above exercise 23, study lessons 1 to 45 of "Praksta Grammar and Composition". Praksta Exercise Book 109

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Eaxmples - 1. The King laughs - Narindo Hasai/Hasei/Hasael Hasadi/Hasade. 2. The king should - Narindo Hasau/Haseu/ laugh Hasadu/Hasedu. 3. The king will Narindo Hasihii/Hasihie/Hasihidi/ laugh Hasihide/Hasissai/ Hasissae/Hasissadi/ Hasissade/Hasissidi/ Hasisside. 4. The King - Narindo (i) Hasia (ii) Hasio/Hasiyo! laughed Hasito/Hasido. 5. The king laughed = Narindena/ Hasiam/Hasitas/ (Impersonal form) Narindenam Hasiyam/Hasidam. 41. I stay = Aham/Ham/ Thami. Ammi 42.I should stay = Aham/Ham) Thamu. Ammi 43. I shall stay Aham/Ham/ Thahimi/Thassami/ Ammi Thassimi/Thahami/ Thassam. 44. I (Fem.) stayed - Aham/Ham/ (i) Thasi/Thahi/Thahia Ammi (ii) Thaa/Thaya/Thada/ Thata. 45. I stayed Mai/Mael Thaam/Thayam/ (Impersonal form) Me/Mamae Thatam/Thadam. (B) Point out the Original word, Person, Number, Case and Gender in each of the following Noun forms and Personal Pronoun forms. Write the Suffixes of Noun forms. 1. Narindo 2. Pottehim 3. Narehim 4. Vimanam 5. Rajjaim 6. Veraggam 110 Prakrta Exercise Book

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7. Kamalau 10. Gangao 13. Divayara 16. Nayarajanani 19. Kammaim 22. Tena 25. Ham 28. Tume 8. Tanaye 11. Karaho 14. Kuva 17. Chikkani 20. Nanena 23. Tau 26. Tumhehim 29. Tahim 9. Sasahim 12. Ganthenam 15. Rahunandanehim 18. Bhoyanehin 21. So 24. Amhe 27. Ta 30. Vayam lau Number Case Gender Suffix Example Original Person Word Narindo Narinda Third Person Singular Nominative Mas. (C) In the following Participles point out Original Verb, suffix, and the name of the Participle. Wherever posible write Case, Number, and Gender of the Participle. 1. Hasio 2. Naccanta 4. Rusia 5. Lukkanto 7. Sayia 8. Lajjiaii 10. Acchanta 11. Padantau 13. Ghumantau 14. Ullasiau 16. Jalanto 19. Bukkamanaim 20. Kandanta 22. Sohiuna 23. Pasaredum 25. Tuttaya 26. ViaseuTM 28. Phureduna 29. Nacceum 3. Jivio 6. Jaggamano 9. Daramanaim 12. Vtthantao 15. Nijjharia 18. Pasaramana 21. Jalium 24. Kanditta 27. Hasidum 30. Jaggidun Example Original Suffix Verb Case Number Gender Name of the Participle Mas. Past Participle Hasio Hasa Nominative Singular 111 Prakrta Exercise Book

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(A-1) Change the following Verbs into the Impersonal form. Add the suffixes of the Third Person Singular Number to them in all the Tenses. (Present, Imperative, Past and Future) 1. Hasa 3. Lukka 5. Harisa Example. Impersonal form Hasa (i) Hasijja (ii) Hasia Exercise 24 112 Present Hasijjai/ Hasiai/ Hasijjae/ Hasiae/ 2. Nacca 4. Gala 6. Ullasa Imperative Hasijjau/ Hasiau/ Hasiaia Hasijjadi/Hasiadi/ Hasijjade/Hasiade Past Hasijjaia/ Hasijjadu (Hasijjia) Hasiadu (Hasiia) (B) Translate the following sentences into Prakrta. For making sentences use Nouns and the Personal Pronouns in the Instrumental Singular or Plural. For expressing the different Tenses add the suffixes of the Impersonal form to the Verbs and thereafter add the suffixes of the Third Person Singular Number concerning a particular Tense. Impersonal form (This form does not exist in English) 1. The king laughs. 2. The lotus blooms. 3. The sister wakes up. 4. I dance. 5. You jump. 6. He gets up. 7. She rejoices. 8. Kings rejoice. 9. Lotuses bloom. 10. Sisters wake up. 11. We dance. Future Note : In order to solve the above exercise 24, study lesson 47 of "Prakrta Grammar and Composition". Hasihii/ Hasihie/ Hasihidi/ Hasihide Prakrta Exercise Book

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12. You all jump. 13. He get up. 14. They (Fem.) rejoice. 15. The son should play. 16. The citizen should appear. 17. The mother should sit. 18. You endeavoured. 19. I should sleep. 20. He should jump. 21. She should hide. 22. Sons played. 23. The citizen should appear. 24. Mothers should sit. 25. We should sleep. 26. You both should endeavour. 27. They jumped. 28. They (Fem.) should jump. 29. The Dog should bark. 30. The aircraft will fly. 31. The girl will play. 32. He should leap. 33. She will grieve. 34. You will delay. 35. I shall rejoice. 36. Dogs will bark. 37. Aircrafts will fly. 38. Girls will hide. 39. They will leap. 40. We all will play. 41. They (Fem.) will grieve. 42. You all will delay. Examples Impersonal form : (This form does not exist in English) 1. The king laughs : Narindena/ Narindenam (i) Hasijjai/Hsijjae/ Hasijjadi/Hasijjade. Hasiai/Hasiae/Hasiadi/Hasiade. 11. We dance : Amhehi/Amhahi Naccijjai/Naccijjae/ Naccijjadi/Naccijjade. Nacciai/Nacciae/ Nacciadi/Nacciade. (ii) 18. You endeavoured : Tai/Tae/ Tume/Tumae (ii) Ujjamijjaia (Ujjamijjia) Ujjamiaia (Ujjamiia). 22.Sons played : Puttehi/Puttehim) Puttehis (i) (ii) Khelijjaia (Khelijjia) Kheliaia (Kheliia) Kheliaiya (Khelsiya). Prakrta Exercise Book 113

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28. They (Fem.) should jump : Tahi/Tahir/ (i) Kullijjau/Kullijjadu. Tahim (ii) Kulliau/Kulliadu. 37. Aircrafts will fly : Vimanehi/Vimanehim) Vimanehin Uddihii/Uddihiel Uddihidi/Uddihide. (C) In the following Nouns, Personal Pronouns and Verbs in brackets are given. Make sentences of Impersonal form in accordance with the Tenses as directed and use Nouns or Personal Pronouns in Singular and Plural Number. 1. Narinda (Hasa) Pre. 3. Mitta (Harisa) Imp. 5. Mahila (Accha) Imp. 7. Kamala (Viasa) Pre. 9. Rajja (Ujjama) Imp. 11. Siya (Hasa) Pre. 13. Maya (Harisa) Imp. 15. Amha (Kulla) Past. 17. Tumha (Harisa) Imp. 19. Ta (Uvavisa) Fut. 2. Kukkura (Bukka) Pre. 4. Siha (Gajja) Imp. 6. Divayara (Uga) Past. 8. Sila (Phura) Imp. 10. Vimana (Udda) Past. 12. Sasa (Jagga) Pre. 14. Mahila (Uvasama) Imp. 16. Amha (Khela) Pre. 18. Tumhe (Ujjama) Imp. 20. Ta (Nacca) Imp. Example - 1. The king : Narindena) laughs Narindenam (i) Hasijjai/Hasijjael Hasijjadi/Hasijjade. Hasiai/Hasiael Hasiadi/Hasiade. 114 Praksta Exercise Book

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(D) Pick out the Original Verb, Person, Number, Suffix and the Tense in each of the following Impersonal forms. 1. Hasijjai 3. Khayihii 5. Hasijjau 7. Kullijjae 9. Ruvijjae 2. Galijjai 4. Kilijjai 6. Vasihie 8. Acchijjau 10. Lottihii Example Impersonal Original Person Form Verb Number Suffix Tense Hasijjai Hasa Third Person Singular ijja Present Prakrta Exercise Book 115

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Exercise 2 5 (A) Make the obligatory and Potential Participles by adding the suffixes to the following Verbs. Write their inflected forms in Nominative Singular Neuter Gender. 1. Hasa 3. Kalaha 5. Ghuma 7. Uvasama 9. Kudda 2. Lajja 4. Accha 6. Uttha 8. Thambha 10. Jagara Example Obligatory and Verb Potential Participle Obligatory and Potential Participle -(Inflected form) Nominative Singular Neuter Gender Hasa Hasiavva/Hasitavva/ Hasiavvam/Hasitavvas/ Hasidavva/Haseavva/ Hasidavvar/Haseavvar/ Hasetavva/Hasedavva/ Hasetavvam/Hasedavvar/ Hasaniya Hasaniyam (B) Translate the following sentences into Prakrta. For making these sentences use Instrumental Singular or Plural Nouns and Personal Pronouns and for expressing the purport of the Imperative use the inflected forms of the Obligatory and Potential Participle in Nominative Singular Neuter Gender. Impersonal form : (This form does not exist in English) 1. The king should laugh. 2. The friend should rejoice. 3. The son should sleep. 4. Kings should laugh. 5. Friends should endeavour. 6. Sons should sleep. 7. The kingdom should fight. 8. The aircraft Note : In order to solve the above exercise 25, study lesson 49 of "Praketa Grammar and Composition". 116 Prakrta Exercise Book

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should fly. 9. Kingdoms should fight. 10. The mother should rejoice. 11. Aircrafts should fly. 12. The girl should hide. 13. Mothers should rejoice. 14. Girls should hide. 15. He should play. 16. You should laugh. 17. I should endeavour. 18. She should dance. 19. We should endeavour. 20. They all should rejoice. Examples :Impersonal form : (This form does not exist in English) 1. The king : Narindena/ should laugh Narindenam 9. Kingdoms - Rajjehi/Rajjehim/ should fight Rajjehis Hasiavvar/Hasitavvam/ Hasidavvam/Hasaniyam/ etc. Jujjhiavvas/Jujjhitavvam/ Jujjhidavvam/ Jujjheavvar/ Jujjhetavvam/Jujjhedavvam/ Jujjhaniyam. (C) In the following Nouns, Personal Pronouns and Verbs in brackets are given. Form sentences by adding the Inflected forms of Obligatory and Potential Participle to the Verbs. 1. Narinda (Hasa) 2. Kamala (Viasa) 3. Sasa (Khela) 4. Amha (Jagga) 5. Potta (Kulla) -6. Vimana (Udda) 7. Maya (Harisa) 8. Tumha (Ujjama) 9. Ta (Nacca) 10. Rajja (Jujjha) Example 1. Narindena/ Narindenam Hasiavvam/Hasitavvam/ Hasidavvam/Hasaniyam/ etc. Praksta Exercise Book 117

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(D) Point out the Original Verb, Number, Case and Suffix in each of the following Obligatory and Potential Participles. 1. Hasiavvam 4. Daraniyam 7. Padedavvam 10. Ucchaliavvam 13. Mariavvam 16. Jujjhedavvam 19. Rusiavvam Example - Obligatory and Original Potential Verb Participles Hasiavvam 118 Hasa 2. Lajjitavvam 3. Ruvidavvam 5. Thakkeavvam 6. Accheavvam 8. Utthaniyam 9. Ghumiavvam 11. Ujjamitavvam 12. Kampidavvam 14. Kheleavvam 15. Kulletavvam 17. Sayaniyam 18. Naccitavvam 20. Lukkidavvam Number Case Singular Nominative Suffix avva Prakrta Exercise Book

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Exercise 26 (A) Translate the following sentences into Praksta. Write all the alternatives of the suffixes of Noun forms, Verb forms, and Participle forms. For constructing the Impersonal form of the imperative, use both the imperative Verbal form and the obligatory and Potential Participle. Impersonal form The Impersonal form does not exist in English. Active Voice 1. Children play. 2. The child played. 3. Children should play. 4. Children will play. 5. The mother rejoices. 6. The mother rejoiced. 7. The mother should rejoice. 8. The mother will rejoice. 9. I sleep. 10. I slept 11. I should sleep. 12. I shall sleep. Example - Active Voice Children play: Balaa Khelanti/Khelante/Khelire. Impersonal Form Children play : (Ordinary Impersonal) Balaehi/ Khelijjai/ Balaehim/ Khelijjael Balaehin Khelijjadi/ Khelijjade. Note : In order to solve the above exercise 26, study lessons 42 to 49 of "Praksta Grammar and Composition". Prakrta Exercise Book 119

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11. Active Voice I should sleep = Aham/Ham! Ammi Sayamu/Sayamu/ Sayimu/Sayemu. Impersonal Form I should sleep = Mai/Mae/ Me/Mamae (Ordinary Impersonal) Sayijjau/Sayijjadu/ Sayiau/Sayiadu. (Obligatory and etc.) Sayiavvam/Sayiyavvam/ Sayitavvam/Sayidavvam/ Sayaniyam/Sayeavvam/ Sayeyavvam/Sayetavvam/ Sayedavvam. (B) In the following Nouns, Personal Pronouns and Verbs in brackets are given. Make sentences both in the Active Voice and the Impersonal form according to the Tenses as directed by using Nouns or Personal Pronouns in Singular or Plural Number. 1. Vimana (Udda) Pre. 3. Rajja (Jujjha) Fu. 5. Ta (Nacca) Past. 7. Maya (Harisa) Imp. 9. Ta (Nha) Past. 2. Kanna (Lukka) Past. 4. Kukkura (Bukka) Pre. 6. Saddha (Vaddha) Imp 8. Tumha (Thakka) Pre. 10. Suya (Khela) Imp. Example:(Active Voice) 1. Vimana Uodai/Uudae/Uddadi/Uddade. (Impersonal form) 2. Vimanena/ Vimanenam Uddijjai/Uddijjadi/ Uddiai/Uddiadi/etc. 120 Praksta Exercise Book

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(C) The following sentences are given in the Active Voice. Turn them from the Active Voice to the impersonal form. 1. Maulo 2. Mitta 3. Nara 4. Lakkudaim/Lakkudani 5. Vatthaim/Vatthaim/ Vatthani 6. Aham 7. Tum 8. So 9. Ham 10. Ta Example : 1. Impersonal Form 1. Kukkurena/ Kukkurenam 2. Pottehi/Pottehim/ Pottehim 3. Narehi/Narehim/ Narehim Maulena/ Maulenam Prakrta Exercise Book Utthau/Uttheu/ Utthadu/Utthedu. Harisantu/Harisentu. Ujjamihinti/Ujjamissanti/etc. Jalanti/Jalante/Jalire. Sukkhiaim/Sukkhiaim/ Sukkhiani. (D) The following sentences are given in the Impersonal form. Turn them from the Impersonal form to the Active Voice. Thami. Lukkasi/Lukkase/ Lukkesi. Nhai/Nhadi. Naccamu/Naccemu. Naccia/Nacciau/Nacciao. Utthijjau/Utthijjadu Utthiau/Utthiadu. Bukkijjai/Bukkijjae/ Bukkiyai/Bukkiyae. Sayijjai/Sayijjae/ Sayiyai/Sayiyae. Ujjamihii/Ujjamihidi. 121

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4. Mittehi/Mittehim/ Mittehim 5. Lakkudehi/Lakkudehim/ Jaliam. Lakkudehim 6. Mai 7. Tai/Tae 8. Tae/Tai 9. Tena/Tenam 10. Mai Example 122 1. Active Voice Harisiam. Kullijjai/Kullijjae/ Kulliyai/Kulliyae. Utthijjai/Utthijjae/ Utthiyai/Utthiyae. Naccijjau/Nacciyau. Uvasamijjau/Uvasamiyau. Lukkiam. Kukkuro Bukkai/Bukkei/Bukkae/ Bukkadi/Bukkade. Prakrta Exercise Book

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Exercise 27 (A-1) Change the following a-ending Masculine Nouns into the Accusative Singular and Plural. 1. Narinda. 2. Kukkura 3. Maula 4. Nara 5. Vaya 6. Meha 7. Rakkhasa 8. Salila 9. Divayara 10. Siha 11. Karaha 9. Janera Example Accusative Singular Narinda Accusative Plural Narinda/Narinde Narinda (A-2) Change the following a-ending Neuter Nouns into the Accusative Singular and Plural. 1. Bhoyana 2. Vimana 3. Kamma 4. Nana 5. Sutta 6. Vattha 7. Khetta 8. Suha 9. Nayarajana 10. Rajja 11. Dhana 12. Mana Example Accusative Singular Bhoyanar Accusative Plural Bhoyanaim/Bhoyanaim/ Bhoyanani Bhoyana Note : In order to solve the above exercise 27, study lessons 51-52 of "Prakst. Grammar and Composition". Prakrta Exercise Book 123

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(A-3) Change the following a-ending Feminine Nouns into the Accusative Singular and Plural. Example . Maya 1. Maya 2. Kamala 4. Kaha 5. Saria 7. Kanna 8. Pasamsa 10. Nananda 11. Mahila Amha Example - 124 Accusative Singular Mayam (A-4) Change the following Personal Pronouns into the Accusative Singular and Plural. 1. Amha 4. Ta (Neuter) 3. Nammaya 6. Guha 9. Nisa 12. Sikkha Accusative Plural Accusative Singular Mamam/Me/Mam Maya/Mayau/Mayao 2. Tumha 5. Ta (Feminine) 3. Ta (Masculine) (B) Translate the following sentences into Prakrta. Write all the alternatives of Inflected Nouns, Personal Pronouns and Verbs. Accusative Plural Amhe/Amha 1. The king salutes God. 2. The camel grazes grass. 3. The son salutes the mother. 4. You bring me up. 5. The father should protect the son. 6. The king should know the states. 7. The daughter should understand education. 8. You protect me. 9. The grandfather will nurture the grandson. 10. The Citizen will hear the song. 11. The mother will protect the daughter. 12. She brings him up. 13. Rama salutes Gods. 14. The government nurtures states. 15. Sisters hear stories. 16. She protects us. 17. The king should observe vows. 18. The son should understand pleasures. 19. The daughter should Prakrta Exercise Book

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understand education. 20. You should protect them. 21. She knows you. 22. Sita will observe vows. 23. They will protect human beings. 24. Camels will graze rice. 25. The Daughter will salute them. 26. The grandson will salute them. 27. They nurture us. 28. Hanumana salutes Rama. 29. Hanumana protects Sita. 30. The mother should protect daughters. 31. Rama understands Hanumana. 32. The father-in-law eats (differents kinds of) food. 33. The grandfather understands religious books. 34. Citizens should protect jewels. 35. The friend will listen to the story. 36. Grandfathers will nurture grandsons. 37. The king knows citizens. 38. The state protects the king. 39. Sita will listen to the story. 40. I salute you. 41. The king should salute the mother. 42. Gods should protect us. 43. The daughter will eat food. 44. Sita knows Hanumana. 45. Clouds nurture human beings. 46. You should know sufferings. 47.1 should salute them. 48. They know us. 49. The demon eats children. 50. You should protect them. Examples - me Tuha 1. The king - Narindo Paramesaram Panamai/Panamei/ salutes God Panamae/Panamadi/ Panamade. 8. You protect : Tumam/ Mamam/ Rakkhasi/ Tum/ Mam/ Rakkhasel Me Rakkhesi. 26. The grandson will salute them - Potto Tel Ta (Mas.) Panamihii/Panamihie/Panamihidi/ Ta/Tau/Tao Panamihide/Panamissai/ (Femi.) Panamissae/Panamissadi/ Panamissade/Panamissidi/ Panamisside/Panamehii/ Panamehie/Panamehidi/ Panamehide/Panamessai/ Panamessae/Panamessadi/ Panamessade. Praksta Exercise Book 125

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32. The father-in-law eats (differents kinds of) food - Sasuro Bhoyanaim/Bhoyanain/ Khai/Khadi. Bhoyanani 42. Gods should = Paramesara Amhe/Amha/ protect us Ne Rakkhantu/ Rakkhentu. (C) In the following Nouns, Personal Pronouns and Transitive Verbs in brackets are given. In the middle Nouns or Personal Pronouns are given. Make sentences by converting them into the Accusative Singular or Plural and use the Tenses as directed. Write all the alternatives of Inflected Nouns, Personal Pronouns and Verbs. 1. Karaha, Tina (Cara) Pre. 2. Siya, Hanuvanta (Jana) Pre. 3. Amha, Ta (Panama) Imp. 4. Nayarajana, Rayana (Rakkha) Imp. 5. Potta, Ta (Panama) Fu. 6. Mitta, Kaha (Suna) Fu. 7. Sasura, Bhoyana (Kha) Pre. 8. Ta, Amha (Jana) Pre. 9. Tumha, Dukkha (Jana) Imp. 10. Suya, Sikkha (Suna) Imp. 11. Maya, Vaya (Pala) Fu. 12. Tanaya, Bhoyana (Kha) Fu. 13. Ta, Nara (Rakkha) Fu. 14. Ta, Ta (Pala) Imp. 15. Amha, Tumha (Panam) Imp. 16. Narinda, Paramesara (Panama) Imp. 126 Prakrta Exercise Book

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17. Tumha, Amha (Jana) Fu. 18. Balaa, Gana (Suna) Fu. 19. Putta, Maya (Panama) Pre. 20. Maula, Putta (Rakkha) Imp. Eaxmple. 1. Karaho Tinam Carai/Carae/Caradi/Carade. (D) In the following Nouns and Personal Pronouns with Case endings are given. Point out the Original word, Gender, Number and Case in each of the following. Write the suffixes of inflected Nouns. 1. Maya 2. Narindo 4. Amhe 5. Tae 3. Bhoyanain 6. Vimanaim 9. Mamam 12. Icchao 8. Karaha 11. Maulo 7. Sasau 10. Sokkham 13. Tao 16. Rajjar 19. Ta 14. Taim 15. Potte 17. Kamala 18. Tam 20. Ham V AL Example Number Case Suffix Original Gender Word Maya Maya Feminine Singular Nominative 0 Prakrta Exercise Book 127

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(A) Translate the following sentences into Prakrta. Write all the alternatives of Inflected Nouns, Personal Pronouns and Verbs. Exercise 28 128 1. I worship God. 2. Moral conduct withholds disgrace. 3. You should taste milk. 4. The wife will wash cloths. 5. Girls uncover the small pitcher of water. 6. Hanumana helps Rama. 7. You should eat food. 8. Dogs uproot rice. 9. Human beings should renounce addictions. 10. Sisters will grind rice. 11. Desire withholds sleep. 12. Gambling stigmatises the human being. 13. He should pick seeds. 14. The husband's brother will see lions. 15. We thresh rice. 16. The grandfather calls grandsons. 17. You should call them. 18. They will cut the small bundle. 19. They both dig the field. 20. Women will observe vows. 21. Sisters should see daughters. 22. We shall worship the Ganges. 23. You both peel the wood. 24. They should renounce wine. 25. Daughters will wash cloths. 26. The husband's sisters partake of food. 27. Demons cheat children. 28. The child sees the lotus flower. 29. The Demon will cheat children. 30. Clarified butter oils food. 31. I eat clarified butter. 32. The sister should renounce sleep. 33. The father-inlaw blames the wife. 34. The king discovers jewels. 35. You should see clouds. 36. The daughter will break the thread. 37. The citizen cheats the child. 38. The maternal uncle touches books. 39. Praise touches the mind. 40. He should discover pleasure. 41. Children see the aircraft. 42. You should eat clarified butter. 43. Suffering withholds pleasure. 44. You should touch water. 45. I shall saw the forest. 46. You should partake of food. 47. Hunger withholds thirst. 48. We both should dig the pit. 49. The mother touches the son. 50. Wisdom uncovers knowledge. 51. He will tear the cloths. 52. The king should renounce pride. 53. The demon will stop the Note : In order to solve the above exercise 28, study lesson 53 of "Prakrta Grammar and Composition". Prakrta Exercise Book

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dog. 54. The son should saw grass. 55. The truth shall manifest moral conduct. 56. The son should renounce addiction. 57. You all should renounce wine. 58. He grinds seeds. 59. I call the daughter. 60. The woman covers the pit. Examples :1. I worship God - Aham/ Accami/ Ham/ Paramesaram Accami/ Ammi Accemi. 3. You should - Tumam/ Khiram taste milk Tur/ Tuha Cakkhahi/Cakkhehi/ Cakkhasu/Cakkhesu/ Cakkhadhi/Cakkhedhi/ Cakkha/Cakkhejjasu/ Cakkhejjahi/Cakkhejje. 25. Daughters : Suya/ will wash Suyau/ cloths Suyao/ Vatthaim/ Vatthain/ Vatthani Dhoihinti/Dhoihintel Dhoihiire/Dhoissanti/ Dhoissante/Dhoissaire/ Dhoissinti/Dhoissinte/ Dhoissiire. 30.Clarified butter- Ghayam Bhoyanam oils food Coppadai/Coppadael Coppadadi/Coppadade/ Coppadedi. 42. You should = Tumam/ Ghayam eat clarified Tum/ butter Tuha Khahi/Khasu/Khadhi/ Khaejja/Khaejjasi/ Khaejjahi. 50. Wisdom : Panna Nanam uncovers knowledge Ugghadai/Ugghadei/ Ugghadae/Ugghadadi/ Ugghadedi/Ugghadade. Prakrta Exercise Book 129

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Exercise 29 (A-1) Change the following i-ending and i-ending Masculine Nouns into the Nominative, the Accusative and the Instrumental Singular and Plural. 1. Sami 2. Muni 3. Kesari 4. Giri 5. Risi 6. Gamani Example Singular Sami Nominative : Sami Accusative : Samim Instrumental - Samina Plural Sami/Samau/Samao/ Sami/Samino Samihi/Samihim/Samihim (A-2) Change the following i-ending Neuter Nouns into the Nominative, the Accusative and the Instrumental Singular and Plural. 1. Dahi 2. Acchi 3. Atthi 4. Vari 5. Sali 6. Sappi Example Singular Dahi Nominative = Dahim Accusative = Dahim Plural Dahiim/Dahiin/ Dahini Dahiim/Dahiin/ Dahini Dahihi/Dahihim/ * Dahihim Instrumental - Dahina Note : In order to solve the above exercise 29, study lessons 55 to 610f "Praksta Grammar and Composition". 130 Prakrta Exercise Book

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(A-3) Change the following i-ending and i-ending Feminine Nouns into the Nominative, the Accusative and the Instrumental Singular and Plural. 1. Bhatti 2. Ratti 5. Samini Example . Singular Bhatti Nominative = Bhatti Accusative = Bhattim Instrumental = Bhattia/ Bhattia/ Bhattii/ Bhattie 1. Jantu 3. Maccu 5. Sayambhu Example . (A-4) Change the following u-ending and u-ending Masculine Nouns into the Nominative, the Accusative and the Instrumental Singular and Plural. Singular Jantu Nominative = Jantu Accusative = Jantum Instrumental= Jantuna 6. Mani 7. Paramesari 10. Nari Prakrta Exercise Book Plural Bhatti/Bhattiu/Bhattio Bhatti/Bhattiu/Bhattio Bhattihi/ Bhattihim/ Bhattihim 2. Bindu 4. Sattu 6. Khalapu Plural Jantu/Jantuno/Jantavo/ Jantao/Jantau Jantu/Jantuno Jantuhi/Jantuhim/Jantuhim (A-5) Change the following u-ending Neuter Nouns into the Nominative, the Accusative and the Instrumental Singular and Plural. 131

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1. Mahu 3. Vatthu 5. Au 2. Assu 4. Janu 6. Daru Example - Singular Mahu Nominative : Mahum Plural Mahuis/Mahuin/ Mahuni Mahuim/Mahuin Mahuni Mahuhi/Mahuhim/Mahuhim Accusative : Mahum Instrumental - Mahuna (A-6) Change the following u-ending and u-ending Feminine Nouns into the Nominative, the Accusative and the Instrumental Singular and Plural. 1. Dhenu 2. Sassu 3. Hanu 4. Bahu 5. Sasu 6. Camu Example Singular Dhenu Dhenu Nominative : Accusative : Dhenum Plural Dhenu/Dhenuu/ Dhenuo Dhenu/Dhenuu/ Dhenuo Dhenuhi/Dhenuhim/ Dhenuhin Instrumental : Dhenua/ Dhenua/ Dhenui/ Dhenue 132 Prakrta Exercise Book

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Exercise 30 (A) Translate the following sentences into Prakrta. Write all the alternatives of Inflected Nouns and Verbal forms. 1. The master rejoices. 2. Saints will sit. 3. The Secretary should endeavour. 4. The enemy fought. 5. The village headman sits. 6. Curd drips. 7. Eyes ached. 8. The bone will dry up. 9. Water should trickle. 10. Devotion should increase. 11. Satisfaction will occur. 12. Jewels fall. 13. Prosperity increased. 14. Daughters play. 15. Wealth should increase. 16. Women will endeavour. 17. The maternal aunt tired. 18. The sari dries up. 19. The sister danced. 20. The mother will tire. 21. The grandmother should sit. 22. Drops will fall. 23. Radiance should bloom. 24. The guru should rejoice. 25. The enemy fights. 26. The father laughed. 27. Honey drips. 28. Tears will drop down. 29. The knee tired. 30. Age should increase. 31. Things shine. 32. Cows run away. 33. Small spoon broke. 34. The mother-in-law should sit. 35. The daughter-in-law endeavours. Examples : 2. Saints will sit = Muni/Munau/ Munao/Munino = 6. Curd drips: Dahim Uvavisihinti/Uvavisihinte/Uvavisihiire/ Uvavisissanti/Uvavisissante/Uvavisissaire/ Uvavisissinti/Uvavisissinte/Uvavisissiire. Cuai/Cuae/Cuadi/Cuade/Cuei/Cuedi. Note : In order to solve the above exercise 30, study lessons 30 to 40 and 54 to 59 of "Prakrta Grammar and Composition". Prakrta Exercise Book 133

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7. Eyes ached = Acchiim/Acchiim/ (i) Dukkhia/(ii) Dukkhiaim/ Dukkhiaim/Dukkhiani. Acchini 13.Prosperity increased = Riddhi 32. Cows run away = - Dhenuu/Dhenuo/ Palanti Palanti/Palante - Palante/ Palaire. Dhenu (i) Vaddhia (ii) Vaddhia/Vaddhiya/ Vaddhita/Vaddhida. (B) Translate the following sentences into Prakrta. Write all the alternatives of Inflected Nouns and Verbal forms. 134 1. The master partakes of food. 2. The saint should drink water. 3. The poet will observe vows. 4. The village headman greets them. 5. Eyes see the human being. 6. I should eat curd. 7. The dog will eat bones. 8. Saints drink water. 9. Human beings should do devotion. 10. The earth will emanate jewel. 11. Mothers will wash Saris. 12. Sisters should worship God. 13. The human being should renounce prosperity. 14. The maternal aunt congratulates the daughter. 15. The father blames the son. 16. The Sadhu should renounce pride. 17. God will protect you. 18. Raghu helps us. 19. The Cleaner of granery digs the pit. 20. Svayambhu salutes Rama. 21. The son eats food. 22. The son should touch the knee. 23. You should withhold tears. 24. She will search things. 25. The cow breaks the tree of Jamuna. 26. The daughter-in-law will serve the mother-in-law. 27. The army will protect human beings. 28. The sister thieves the rope. 29. The son dirts the cloth. 30. The elephant will drink water. Examples : 1. The master partakes of food = Sami Bhoyanam Jemai/Jemae/ Jemadi/Jemade. Prakrta Exercise Book

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4. The village headman greets them = Gamani Te/Ta/ Tau/Tao Onandai/Onandae/ 13. The human being should renounce prosperity = Naro Riddhim Onandadi/ Onandade/ Onandedi. Prakrta Exercise Book 22. The son should touch the knee = Sunu Janum Cuau/Cueu/ Cuadu/Cuedu. 28. The sister thieves the rope = Bahini Rajjum Chuvau/Chuveu/ Chuvadu/Chuvedu. Coravai/Coravae/ Coravadi/Coravedi/ Coravade. 135

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(A) Translate the following sentences into Prakrta. 1. The master calls me. 2. I am called by the master. 3. The saint sees us. 4. We are seen by the saint. 5. The enemy will kill you. 6. You will be killed by the enemy. 7. The king should salute the saint. 8. The saint should be saluted by the king. 9. The mortifier will narrate the story. 10. The story will be narrated by the mortifier. 11. The brother forgets me. 12. I am forgotten by the brother. 13. The commander should salute the master. 14. The master should be saluted by the commander. 15. Mother will thresh rice. 16. Rice will be threshed by the mother. 17. You call me. 18. I am called by you. 19. We shall remember you. 20. You will be remembered by us. 21. He should renounce prosperity. 22. Prosperity should be renounced by him. 23. Mothers nurture sons. 24. Sons are nurtured by mothers. 25. The serpent stings the child. 26. The child is stung by the serpent. 27. The sister serves the woman saint. 28. The woman saint is served by the sister. 29. He prays them. 30. They are prayed by him. Exercise 31 Examples : 1. The master calls me = Sami Mamam = 2. I am called by the master Samina Aham/Ham/ Ammi 136 Kokkai/Kokkei/Kokkae/ Kokkadi/Kokkade. Kokkijjami/Kokkiami/ Note : In order to solve the above exercise 29, study lessons 53 and 54 of "Prakrta Grammar and Composition". Kokkiyami. Prakrta Exercise Book

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9. The mortifier will narrate the story : Tavassi/ Kaham Vakkhanihinti/Vakkhanihinte/ Tavassau/ Vakkhanihiire./Vakkhanissanti/ Tavassaol Vakkhanissante/Vakkhanissaire/ Tavassino Vakkhanissinti/Vakkhanissinte/ Vakkhanissiire. 10. The story will be narrated by the mortifier = Tavassihi/ Vakkhanihii/Vakkhanihiel Tavassihim/ Kah, Vakkhanihidi/ Tavassihin Vakkhanihide. 21. He should renounce prosperity : Riddhim Cuau/Cueu/Cuadu/Cuedu. So 22. Prosperity should be renounce by him = Tena/ Riddhi Cuijjau/Cuejjau/Cuijjadu/Cuejjadu/ Tenam Cuiau/Cuiadu/Cuiyau/Cuiyadu. (B) In the following Nouns and Personal Pronouns are given in the beginning. For making use of them as subjects change them to the Nominative Singular or Plural. In the middle also Nouns and Personal Pronouns are given. Change them to the Accusative Singular or Plural. In the brackets the Transitive Verbs are given. Make Sentences in the Active Voice and the Passive Voice according to the Tenses as directed. Write all the alternatives of inflected Nouns, Personal Pronouns and Verbs. 1. Bhai ....... Amha (Kokka) Pre. 2. Amha ....... Sahu (Nama) Fu. 3. Kai ....... Gana (Ga) Imp. 4. Manti ....... Naravai (Nama) Fu. 5. Tumha ....... Ta (Thuna) Imp. Prakrta Exercise Book 137

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6. Ari ....... Amha (Hana) Pre. 7. Amha ....... Tavassi (Sumara) Pre. 8. Jamau ....... Bhoyana (Kha) Fu. 9. Pahu ....... Amha (Peccha) Pre. Example : (Actvie Voice) 1. Bhai Mama Kokkai/Kokkei/Kokkae/Kokkadi/Kokkade. (Passive Voice) 2. Bhaina Aham/Ham/ Kokkijjami/Kokkiami/ Ammi Kokkiyami (C) In the following inflected Nouns are given. Point out the Original word, Gender, Number, Case and suffix in each of the following. 3. Variim . 1. Samina 4. Atthina 7. Lacchia 10. Pahu 13. Vatthuin 16. Sassuu 19. Vauna 2. Kaihim 5. Bhattiu 8. Sattuhim 11. Sahuna 6. Tatti 9. Bhattio 12. Mahuhim 14. Amsuhi 15. Puttii 18. Camuhim 17. Tanue 20. Bahinie. Example Original Gender Word Number Case Suffix Samina Sami Masculine Singular Instrumental na 138 Prakrta Exercise Book

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Exercise 32 (A-1) Translate the following sentences into Praksta. For expressing the purport of the Past Tense use the Past Participle. Write all the alternatives of Inflected Nouns, Personal Pronouns and Participles. 1. The commander was killed by the enemy. 2. Clothes were torn by the child. 3. Milk was drunk by brothers. 4. Karmas were bound by human beings. 5. Songs were sung by the poet. 6. The thread was cut by the master. 7. Education was held by the saint. 8. Wisdom was known by saints. 9. Food was eaten by the citizen. 10. Demons were killed by Rama. 11. Wealth was desired by the daughter. 12. The story was told by the saint. 13. Aircrafts were seen by me. 14. Detachment was desired by him. 15. Addictions were described by you. 16. Water was drunk by us. 17. Compassion was produced by them. 18. The order was obeyed by him. 19. The saint was prayed by the teacher. 20. The hut was seen by the son-in-law. Examples : The Commander was killed by the enemy : Sattuna Senavai Mario. Songs were sung by the poet : Kaina Ganaim/Ganais/ Ganani Gaaim/Gaain/ Gaani. 13. Aircrafts were seen by me : Mai/Mae/ Vimanaim/ Me/Mamae Vimanain/ Vimanani Pecchiaim/ Pecchiais/ Pecchiani. Note : In order to solve the above exercise 32 study lessons 57 to 62 of "Prakta Grammar and Composition". Prakrta Exercise Book 139

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20. The hut was seen by the son-in-law : Jamauna Jhumpada Pecchia/Pecchida/ Pecchita. (A-2) Translate the following sentences into Praksta. For expressing the purport of Imperative use the Obligatory and Potential Participle. Write all the alternatives of Inflected Nouns, Personal Pronouns and Participles. 1. The tree should be irrigated by the brother. 2. The saint should be called by Raghupati. 3. Songs should be sung by poets. 4. The lion should be killed by the elephant. 5. The sun should be saluted by the saint. 6. Curd should be eaten by me. 7. Water should be drunk by us. 8. Bones should be thrown by them. 9. Fields should be irrigated by you. 10. Age should be seen by him. 11. Prosperity should be obtained by you. 12. Satisfaction should be demanded by him. 13. Jewels should be carried by the earth. 14. Sadis should be bought by the maternal aunt. 15. Devotion should be done by the woman. 16. The rope should be braided by you. 17. The cow should be nurtured by him. 18. The tree of Jamuna should be irrigated by us. 19. Daughter-in-laws should be forgiven by mother-inlaws. 20. Grass should be burnt by you. Examples :The tree should be irrigated by the brother : Bhaina Taru Sinciavvo/Sincitavvo/ Sincidavvo/Sincaniyo. Curd should be eaten by me : Mai/ Dahim Asiavvam/Asidavvam/ Khaavvar/ Mael Asiyavvar/Asitavvam/ Khadavvam/ Me/ Aseavvam/ Or Khatavva/ Mamae Aseyavvam/Asedavvam/ Khayavvam. Asetavvar/Asaniyam 140 Prakrta Exercise Book

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16. The rope should be braided by you : Tai/ Rajju Gundhiavva/Gundhiyavva/Gundhidavva/ Tae/ Gundhitavva/Gundhaniya/Gundheavva/ Tumae Gundhedavva/Gundheyavva/Gundhetavva. 19. Daughter-in-laws should be forgiven by mother-in-laws: Sassuhi/ Bahu/ Khamiavva/Khamiavvau/ Sassuhim/ Bahuu/ Khamiavvao/Khameavva/ Sassuhin Bahuo Khameavvau/Khameavvao. (B-1) In the following Nouns and Transitive Verbs in brackets are given. Change the Nouns given in the middle into the Nominative Singular or Plural and make sentences in the Passive Voice representing the Past Tense. Write all the alternatives. 2. Simi, Bhayana (Kha) 1. Rahunandana, Rakkhasa (Hana) 3. Kai, Vaya (Pala) 4. Sasa, Tumha (Khama) 6. Bhai, Amha (Pukkara) 5. Mitta, Amha (Vaddhava) 7. Ta, Dhana (Magga) * 8. Amha, Ta(Nirakkha) 9. Tumha, Amha (Bandha) 10. Muni, Tumha (Pesa) 1. Example :Rahuoandanena/ Rahuoandanenam Rakkhaso Hanio. (B-2) In the following Nouns and Transitive Verbs in brackets are given. Change the Nouns given in the middle into the Nominative Singular or Plural and make sentences in the Passive Voice representing the Imperative. Write all the alternatives. 1. Rahuvai, Sahu (Kokka) 2. Ta, Lakkuda (Ranga) 4. Maheli, Paramesara (Thuna) 3. Amha, Dukkha (Uppada) Prakrta Exercise Book 141

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6. Tavassi, Amha (Sumara) 5. Jogi, Agama (Padha) 7. Tumha, Rajju (Gundha) 8. Ta, Amha (Khama) 9. Amha , Vari (Piba) 10. Risi, Divayara (Vanda) Example : 1. Rahuvaina Sahu Kokkijjau/Kokkijjadu/ Kokkiau/Kokkiadu. (C) In the following inflected Nouns and Participles are given. Pick out the Original word, Gender, Number, Case and Suffix and tell also the name of the Participle. 1. Kokkio 2. Dekkhia 3. Suniau 4. Kiniavvar 5. Rakkhitavvo 6. Labhidavvo 7. Jhaeavva 8. Pibiavva 9. Ganeavvaim 10. Peccheavva 11. Dhariaim 12. Paliau 13. Pesiao 14. Dhareavva 15. Bahuu 16. Manetavvo 17. Cakkhiavvao 18. Dhenao 19. Samina 20. Munihim 21. Gamanihin 22. Sahuna 23. Vimansim 24. Silena 25. Acchihim 26. Paviavvao 27. Putto 28. Bujjhiavva 29. Gaaidavvo 30. Guruhim Example - Original Gender Word Number Case Suffix Name of the Participle Kokkio Kokka Masculine Singular Nominative a Past 142 Prakrta Exercise Book

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Exercise 33 (A) Translate the following sentences into Prakrta. Write any one alternative of Inflected Nouns, Participles and Verbs. 1. Saluting Raghupati, the master gets up. 2. Serving the village headman, he will tire. 3. Tasting honey, they both sleep. 4. Bringing up the daughter, the mother will rejoice. 5. Singing the song, the daughter should dance. 6. Irrigating the field, the father will tire. 7. Praying God, you should salute him. 8. Beating the son, the mother grieves. 9. Sending the son, she weeps. 10. We should all get up for praying God. 11. You will endeavour for getting satisfaction. 12. The lion kills the child for eating. 13. The father enthuses to congratulate the daughter. 14. They should endeavour to tie the rope. 15. The woman gets up to see the cow. 16. She will go to purchase the thing. 17. The commander runs to kill the enemy. 18. The grandfather goes to congratulate the grandson. 19. You should get up to listen to the story. 20. I endeavour to chew food. 21. Having saluted Raghupati, the master rejoices. 22. Having greeted the teacher, the poet sits. 23. Having done devotion, you should live. 24. Having obtained satisfaction, you will rejoice. 25. Having seen the cows, they get up. 26. Having saluted God, saints meditate. 27. Having thieved the jewel, the brother runs away. 28. Having remembered God, the king should sleep. 29. Having oppressed the child, the demon jumps. 30. Having broken the rope into pieces, the son throws it. Examples: 1. Saluting Raghupati, the master gets up = Sami Rahuvaim Namanto Utthai. Note : In order to solve the above exercise 33 study lesson 64 of "Prakrta Grammar and Composition". Prakrta Exercise Book 143

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10. We should all get up for praying God : Amhe Paramesarassa Bhattin Karium Utthamo. 24. Having obtained satisfaction, you will rejoice : Tumam Tattim Labhiuna Ullasihisi. 144 Praksta Exercise Book

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Exercise 34 (A) Translate the following sentences into Praksta. Write all the alternatives of the Dative and Genitive Cases used in the following sentences. 1. My son desires pleasure. 2. The son of the king will salute Rama. 3. The pleasure of the son becomes the pleasure of the father. 4. Your mother should listen to the story. 5. My daughter will desire pleasure. 6. The brother of the master will salute God. 7. You should drink the water of the Narmada. 8. My teacher meditates God. 9. The enemies of kings think to fight. 10. My maternal aunts purchase Saris. 11. Their daughters rejoice. 12. My Husband's sister describes him. 13. He remembers the song of the poet. 14. The sister of the maternal uncle should listen to the story. 15. My friend should demand the small bundle for him. 16. The enemy of the brother will kill the son. 17. His eyes ache. 18. The son of the maternal aunt should purchase book for the sister. 19. The son of the king serves the mortifier. 20. The daughter of the brother should pray God. 21. The sister of the Commander will send honey for the maternal uncle. 22. The daughter of maternal uncle worships God to get prosperity. 23. Your son should endeavour for spiritual attainment. 24. You should purchase food for the saint. 25. The grandmother obtains things for the grandison. 26. His sister should hide. 27. The daughter of the husband's sisters will sleep. 28. The son of the maternal aunt will help him. 29. Your son should forgive my son. 30. Your brothers will count the saints. 31. God should protect your son. 32. The tree of Jamuna increases. 33. He digs the pit for the elephant. 34. The mother-in-law protects her daughter in law. 35. He partakes of food for satisfaction. 36. You should obtain the cloths for human beings. 37. The son of Note : In order to solve the above exercise 34 study lessons 66 to 69 of "Praketa Grammar and Composition". Prakrta Exercise Book 145

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the minister should salute the king. 38. The pleasure of Rama is my pleasure. 39. The mother of Sita will listen to the story. 40. The Government of the state will protect him. 41. The brothers of the masters salute him. 42. The teachers of poets see us. 43. His teacher partakes of food. 44. He reads his book for the examination. 45. My son will laugh for pleasure. 46. The son of the king should demand the small bundle for Rama. 47. He drinks the water of the Narmada for the body. 48. His mother will bring you up. 49. I shall listen to the story of the Ganges. 50. His son should go to the house. Examples : 1. My son desires pleasure : Mamam/Maham/Majjha Putto Sokkhar Icchadi etc. 6. The brother of the master will salute God : Samino! Bandhu Paramesaram Vandihii/Vandihie/ Samissa Vandihidi/Vandihide/ Vandissai/Vandissael Vandissadi/Vandissade/ Vandissii/Vandehii/ Vandehie/Vandessai/ Vandessae. 17.His eyes ache : Tasa/ Acchiim/ Tassa Acchiis/ Acchini Dukkhanti/ Dukkhante/ Dukkhire. 31. God should protect your son = Pahu Tujjha Puttam Rakkhau/Rakkheu/ Rakkhadu/Rakkhedu. 50. His son should go to the house : Tasa/ Putto Gharam Gacchau/Gaccheu/ Tassa Gacchadu/Gacchedu. 146 Prakrta Exercise Book

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Exercise 35 (A) Translate the following sentences into Praketa. Write all the alternatives of the Ablative Case used in the following sentences. (1) The child is afraid of the serpent (2) Food grows from the field. (3) He is afraid of the cow. (4) The Jamuna falls from the tree of Jamuna. (5) Having feared, the son will run away from the lion. 6. The child falls from the mountain. 7. The Ganges comes down from the mountain. 8. He should be afraid of me. 9. He will read the book from you. 10. The tree grows from the seed. 11. The son hides from the father. 1 2. We are afraid of fathers. 13. They hide from women. 14. They are afraid of the master. 15. You should learn through the saint. 16. You should be afraid of the king. 17. Children are afraid of the elephant. 18. The minister is afraid of the king. 19. Water drips from the small water pitcher. 20. The maternal uncle will be afraid of the serpent. Examples :1. The child is afraid of the serpent : Balao Sappatto/Sappao/Sappaul Sappahi/Sappahinto/Sappa Darai. 4. The Jamuna falls from the tree of Jamuna - Jambua/Jambua/Jambui/Jambuel Jambu Jambutto/Jambuo/Jambuu/Jambuhinto Padanti. 7. The Ganges comes down from the mountain = Girino/Giritto/Giriol Ganga Nisarai/Nisarae/ Giriu/Girihinto Nisaradi/Nisarade. Note : In order to solve the above exercise 35 study lessons 71 to 77 of "Praksta Grammar and Composition". Praksta Exercise Book 147

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13. They hide from women : Te Juvaitto/Juvaio/Juvaiu/ Juvaihinto/Juvaisunto Lukkanti. (B) Translate the following sentences into Prakyta. Write all the alternatives of the Locative Case used in the following sentences. 1. Clouds thunder in the sky. 2. The water will dry up in the Naramda. 3. Sita listens to the story in the house. 4. He sits on the small bundle. 5. The speech will tire in the old age. 6. The wealth increases in the kingdom of Rama. 7. His mother brings up the daughter in the house. 8. Having laughed, you danced in the house. 9. She faints in the examination. 10. You should tie the cow in the field. 11. Daughters will see the moon in the sky. 12. They throw things in the field. 13. You jumped in the ocean for bathing. 14. Thd dog digs the pit in the forest. 15. The serpent moves on the tree. 16. The father prays God in the house. 17. The maternal uncle salutes the (goddess of) wealth in the evening. 18. He bathes in the Yamuna. 19. Having burned, the things will disappear in the hut. 20. His mind engages in the house. Examples :1. Clouds thunder in the sky : Nahe/Nahammi Meha Gajjanti. 6. The wealth increases in the kingdom of Rama : Rahunandanassa Rajje/Rajjammi Lacchi Vaddhai. 10. You should tie the cow in the field : Tumas/Tum/Tuha Dhenui Khette/Khettami Bandhahi. 19. Having burned, the things will disappear in the hut : Vatthuim/ Jhumpadaa/ Vatthuin/ Jhumpadai/ Jaliuna Nassihinti. Vatthuni Jhumpadae 148 Praksta Exercise Book

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(C) Translate the following sentences into Praksta. Write all the alternatives of the Vocative Case used in the following sentences. (1) Oh master ! you should protect us. (2) Oh king ! there exists pleasure in your kingdom. (3) Oh friend ! you should come to my house. (4) Oh mother ! you should bring up children. (5) Oh sita ! suffering exists in the forest. (6) Oh son ! you should speak the truth. (7) Oh young woman ! you should laugh. (8) Children ! you all should read the book. (9) Friends ! you all should be afraid of the state. (10) Saints ! you should observe self-control. Examples :1. Oh master! you should protect us : Sami/Sami Tumhe Amhe/ Amha Rakkhaha. 10. Saints ! you should observe self-control : Sahau/Sahao/Sahavo/ Sarjamam Palaha/ Sahuno/Sahu Paradha. 149 Praksta Exercise Book

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Exercise 36 (A) Translate the following sentences into Praksta. Make sentences by changing the Verbs into Causative forms. 1. He causes the aircraft to fly in the sky. 2. The king should make the government spread in the state. 3. He causes the grass to grow. 4. The commander will cause the army to hide. 5. You should cause detachment to increase in old age. 6. The saint causes men to calm down. 7. The mother causes the daughter to stop for dancing. 8. She causes me to laugh. 9. I cause him to wake up. 10. You cause him to hide. 11. They cause them to dance. 12. Citizens cause rice to grow in the field. 13. The demon causes the child to die. 14. The maternal aunt causes the daughter to jump in the ocean. 15. The grandmother causes the grandson to bathe. 16. The maternal uncle causes the daughter to stay. 17. The father should cause the daughter to sleep. 18. Demons cause children to fear. 19. The grandmother makes children eat. 20. The king makes the saint sit. Examples : 1. He causes the aircraft to fly in the sky : So Nahel Vimanam Oddai/Oddei/ Nahammi Oddavai/Oddavei. 5. You should cause detachment to increase in old age : Tumam/ Jarka/ Vaddhasu/Vaddhesu/ Tum/ Jarai/ Veraggam Vaddhavasu/Vaddhavesu/ Tuha Jarae Vaddhahi/Vaddhehi/ Vaddhavahi/Vaddhavehi/ Vaddhejjasu/Vaddhejjahi. Note : In order to solve the above exercise 36 study lesson 78 of "Prakyta Grammar and Composition". 150 Prakrta Exercise Book

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15.The grandmother causes the grandson to bathe : Piamahi Pottas Nhaai/Nhaei/ Nhavai/Nhavei. (B) Translate the following sentences into Praksta. Make sentences by adding the causative suffixes of tha Passive Voice. 1. The aircraft is caused to fly by him in the sky. 2. The government is caused to spread by the king in the state. 3. Grass is made to grow by him. 4. The army is caused to hide by the commander. 5. Detachment should be caused to increase by you in old age. 6. The man is caused to calm down by the saint. 7. The daughter is made to stop by the mother for dancing. 8. I am made to laugh by him. 9. He is caused to wake up by me. 10. He is made to hide by you. 11. They are caused to dance by them. 12. Rice is caused to grow in the field by the citizen. 13. The child is made to die by the demon.14. The daughter is caused to stay by the maternal uncle. 15. The grandson is made to bathe by the grandfather. 16. The son is caused to partake of food by the father. 17. Children are made to fear by demons. 18. The child is made to partake of food by the grandfather. 19. The king is caused to sit by the saint. 20. He is caused to sink in the ocean by the enemy. Examples : 1. The aircraft is caused to fly by him in the sky = Tena Nahe Vimanam Uddavijjai/Uddaviai. 7. The daughter is made to stop by the mother for dancing = Mayaal Putti Naccavium) Rokkavijjai/ Magai/ Naccavidum Rokkaviai. Mayae Praksta Exercise Book 151

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(C) Translate the following sentences into Prakrta. Write any one alternative of the inflected Nouns, Personal Pronouns, Verbs and Participles. 1. He was made to laugh by me. 2. I was made to hide by you. 3. The son was caused to laugh by the father. 4. The daughter was caused to dance by the maternal aunt. 5. Things were made to purchase by us. 6. Causing him to laugh, he plays. 7. Causing the enemy to run away, you tire. 8. Causing me to fear, the son hides. 9. Causing him to weep, the child runs away. 10. Causing the mother to stay, the maternal uncle rejoices. 11. He should be made to laugh by you. 12. Education should be made to spread by the teacher. 13. The body should be mortified by the sister. 14. He should be caused to meditate by the ascetic. 15. The thing should be caused to hide by him. 16. Having caused him to laugh, you live. 17. Having caused the daughter to dance, the mother rejoices. 18. Having caused men to meditate, the saint sits. 19. Having caused him to wake up, she runs away. 20. Having caused him to partake of food, they rejoice. 21. He causes him to wake up for making him laugh. 22. He tells him for making him run away. 23. The ascetic sits for causing him to meditate. 24. The mother gets up for making daughter dance. 25. The grandmother endeavours for causing grandson to sleep. Examples : 1. He was made to laugh by me = So Mai Hasio. 8. Causing me to fear, the son hides = Daravanto Putto Lukkai. 12.Education should be made to spread by the teacher = Guruna Sikkha Pasaraviavva. 152 Prakrta Exercise Book

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Exercise 37 (A) Translate the following sentences into Praketa by adding the Retainer of Innate meaning suffixes (Svarthika Suffixes) to the Nouns. 1. The lotus blooms. 2. The human being rejoices. 3. The ascetic calls me. 4. The son will honour the father. 5. The commander should conquer the enemy. 6. The child tastes honey. 7. The soul enlightens the mind. 8. The king reproaches the minister. 9. The mother congratulates the son. 10. The father remembers the son. 11. The elephant will eat grass. 12. Men pray the teacher 13. Teachers salute God. 14. The son-in-law should partake of food. 15. The tree falls. 16. The bow shines. 17. The jewel breaks. 18. The house glitters. 19. The maternal aunt should sit. 20. The sister should get up. Examples : 1. The lotus blooms : Kamalaarn/Kamalillam/Kamalullam Viasai. 7. The soul enlightens the mind = Appao/Appaillo/Appaullo Cittam Joai. 13.Teachers salute God : Gurua/Guruilla/ Paramesaram Gurulla Vandanti/Vandantel Vandire 20.The sister should get up : Sasaa/Sasailla/ Sasaulla Utthau/Uttheu/ Utthadu/Usthedu. Note : In order to solve the above exercise 37 study lessons 79 to 81 of "Prakta Grammar and Composition". Praksta Exercise Book 153

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(B) Translate the following sentences into Praksta. Make sentences by using different Pronouns. 1. That man laughs. 2. These men laugh. 3. He reads this book. 4. They read these books. 5. I live for it. 6. She lives for these. 7. I observe this vow. 8. What do you do? 9. The man who tires, sleeps. 10. He who sleeps, laughs. 11. Whose body tires, his old age increases. 12. Whom I call, you are that. 13. The wood on which you sit, is mine. 14. Whose son is he? 15. Which work do you perform? 16. Who dances? 17. By what does he drink water? 18. For whom do you live? 19. Which kingdom do you protect? 20. In which house does he live? Examples : 1. That man laughs = Naro So Hasai. 3. He reads this book : So Etam Gantham Padhai/Padhae/Padhadi/Padhade. 12. Whom I call, you are that: Aham/Harn/Ammi Jam Kokkami So Tumar/Tum/Tuha Atthi. 20. In which house does he live? : Kammi Gharammi So Vasai. (C) Translate the following sentences into Praksta. Make sentences by using Indeclinables. 1. As long as you read, (for that time) I shall nurture you. 2. As long as you wake up, (for that time) I see the sky. 3. Where your village is, there is my house. 4. Wherever you will go, there you will rejoice. 5. The way in which he desires pleasure likewise I desire pleasure. 6. The way in which you play likewise I shall play. 7. Where does the minister live? 8. Where do they sleep? 9. I sleep here. 10. Today 154 Prakrta Exercise Book

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the saint will come here. 11. Do not jump. 12. The child does not get up. 13. The mother does not tire. 14. If you say then I go to the village. 15. If you will say, then I shall eat food. 16. The way in which you play by engaging mind, in the same way you also read. 17. The way in which the mother brings up the son, in the same way the king nurtures the state. 18. The way in which you sing, likewise you also dance. 19. Do not sit in this way. 20. You should not drink wine. 21. The enemy fought, so he died. 22. So long as he speaks the truth, (for that time) he rejoices. 23. You should not go home without the son. 24. You should dance, he will also dance. Examples: 1. As long as you read, (for that time) I shall nurture you = Java Tumam Padhihisi Tava Aham Tumam Palihimi. 7. Where does the minister live? = Kahim Manti 14.If you say then I go to the village = Jai Tumam Bhanasi Ta Aham Vasai/Vasae/Vasadi/Vasade/Vasedi? 21. The enemy fought, so he died = Sattu Jujjhio/Jujjhia Tam Prakrta Exercise Book Gamam Mario/Maria. Gacchami. 155

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Exercise 38 Verbal forms of Irregular Passive Voice : The Verbal form which is formed by adding ijja or ia/iya suffix to the Transitive Verbs in Praksta is known as the Regular Verbal form of the Passive Voice. As, kara + ijja = karijja, kara + iya/ia : kariya/ karia, are the Regular Verbal forms of the Passive Voice, since they are formed by adding ijja or ia/iya to the verb Kara. By adding the suffixes of Tense, Person and Number to the above constructed Verbal forms, the regular Passive Voice of that Tense, Person and Number will result, as, Karijjai or Kariyai/Kariai - Present Tense Third Person Singular Number. On the contrary, the Verbal form which is obtained without adding ijja or iya/ia to the Transitive Verbs and in which the suffixes of Tense, Person and Number are inherently present, is known as the Irregular Verbal form of the Passive Voice, as, 1. Kirai, Disai etc. - Verbal forms of the Irregular Passive Voice (Present Tense Third Person Singular Number) In these the Original form of the Verb cannot be separated. They are required to be known from the existing uses in literature. The following Verbal forms of the Irregular Passive Vocie are compiled. Present Tense Third Person Singular Number 1. Adhappai - Is begun. 8. Dajjhai - Is burnt. 2. Kirai = ls done, is observed. 9. Najjai : Is known. 3. Khammai - Is dug. 10. Navvai = Is known. 4. Gammai - Is gone. 11. Thuvvai - Is prayed. 5. Gheppai - Is adpoted. 12. Dubbhai : Is milked. 6. Chippai : Is touched. 13. Disai : Is seen. 7. Jivvai - Is conquered. 14. Bajjhai - Is tied. Note :1. See lesson 54 of "Praksta Grammar and Composition". 156 Prakrta Exercise Book

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15. Bhannai - Is told. 16. Bhujjai = ls experienced. 17. Rubbhai = ls withheld. 18. Ruvvai = Is wept. 19. Labbhai = is obtained. 20. Luvvai * Is cut. 21. Libbhai = Is licked. 23. Vilimpai - Is smeared. 24. Vidhappai: Is earned. 25. Sisai = ls said. 26. Sampajjai = ls obtained. 27. Suvvai - Is heared. 28. Sippai - Is irrigated. 29. Hammai - Is killed. 30. Hirai * Is kidnapped. 22. Vuccai = ls told. (A) Translate the following sentences of the Passive Vocie into Praksta. In the translation use the Irregular Verbal forms of the Passive Voice. 1. The prayer is begun by me. 2. The vow is observed by that woman. 3. The pit is dug by brothers. 4. The song is heard by the girls. 5. Education is adopted by us through the teacher. 6. The water of the ocean is touched by the child. 7. The village is conquered by the king. 8. My house is burnt by them. 9. Suffering of the world is known by the ascetics. 10. The Agama is known by the saints. 11. The desire of the son is known by the mother. 12. The saint is prayed by women. 13. The cow is milked by him. 14. The splendour of the state is seen by the king. 15. The cow is tied by me with the rope. 16. The rule of the vow is told by the woman saint. 17. Prosperity is experienced by the kings. 18. Running away, the son is withheld by the mother. 19. Knowledge is obtained by the maternal uncle. 20. Honey is licked by the child. 21. The cloth is cut by the woman. 22. Wealth is obtained by you. 23. The story is told by the saint. 24. The hut is smeared by the woman. 25. Wealth is earned by the son. 26. Suffering of the world is told by the saint. 27. The jewel is obtained by the mistress. 28. Praise is done by your daughter. 29. The tree is irrigated by the daughter. 30. The enemy is killed by the commander. 31. The son of the king is kidnapped by the minister. Praksta Exercise Book 157

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Examples : 1. The Prayer is begun by me : Mai/Mae/Me/Mamae Thui Adhappai. 6. The water of the ocean is touched by the child : Balaena Sayarassa Jalam Chippai. 13. The cow is milked by him : Tena Dhenu Dubbhai. 19. Knowledge is obtained by the maternal uncle : Maulena Nanam Labbhai. 29. The tree is irrigated by the daughter : Puttia Taru Sippai. 158 Prakyta Exercise Book

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Exercise 39 Irregular Past Participle: For expresing the Past Tense in Prakrta, the suffixes of the Past Tense and the Past Participle are used. For the Past Participle a/ya, ta, da suffixes are added to the Verbs1 as, Hasa+a/y, ta, da = Hasia/Hasiya/Hasita/Hasida Laughed Thaa/ya, ta, da = Thaa/Thaya, Thata, Thada = Stayed Jha+a/ya, ta, da = Jhaa/Jhaya/Jhata, Jhada = Maditated etc. In this way the Past Participles which are formed by adding a/ya, ta, da to the Verbs are known as the Regular Past Participles. In these, the original form of the Verb can be understood by separating the suffixes from them. In the Masculine Gender the inflection of these will be according to Deva, in the Neuter Gender the inflection will be according to Kamala and In the Feminine Gender the inflection will be according to Kaha. On the contrary, the Past Participles which are obtained without adding a/ya, ta, da suffixes to the Verbs are known as the Irregular Past Participles. In these, the original form of the Verb can not be understood by separating the suffixes from them, as, Vutta = is/are told, Dittha = is/are seen, Dinna = is/are given etc. All these are the Irregular Past Participles. From these the Verbs can not be separated. The inflection of these will be according to Deva in the Masculine Gender, will be according to Kamal in the Neuter Gender, and will be according to Kaha in the Feminine Gender. The Past Participles (regular or irregular) constructed from the Note : 1. See lessons 42 and 57 of "Prakrta Grammar and Composition". Prakrta Exercise Book 159

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Transitive Verbs are used only in the Passive Voice. Only those Past Participles which are constructed from the Verbs denoting movement are used both in the Passive Voice and the Active Voice. The Past Participles (regular or irregular) constructed from the Intransitive Verbs are used in the Active Voice and in the Impersonal form. The Irregular Past Participles are required to be known from the existing uses in literature. Here a few Irregular Past Participles without any suffix are compiled. 1. Irregular Past Participles constructed from the Transitive Verbs. Past Meaning in Use Participle Passive Vocie Was/Were 1. Dittha seen In the Three Genders and Two Numbers. 2. Sampunna --completed, In the Three Genders and Two Numbers. fulfilled 3. Khaddha eaten, In the Three Genders and Two Numbers. consumed 4. Dinna given In the Three Genders and Two Numbers. 5. Nihiya kept In the Three Genders and Two Numbers. 6. Pavanna obtained In the Three Genders and Two Numbers. 7. Chuddha thrown, In the Three Genders and Two Numbers. placed, put 8. Daddha burned, In the Three Genders and Two Numbers. set on fire 9. Vutta told, In the Three Genders and Two Numbers. described, narrated 10. Dummiya distressed In the Three Genders and Two Numbers. 11. Kia done In the Three Genders and Two Numbers. 12. Lua cut In the Three Genders and Two Numbers. 13. Haya killed In the Three Genders and Two Numbers. 14. Niya taken away In the Three Genders and Two Numbers. in the 160 Prakrta Exercise Book

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2. Irregular Past Participles constructed from the Verbs indicating mobility. Past Meaning Participle in the Active Voice 1. Gaya/Gaa Went 2. Patta Past Participle 1. Mua 2. Thia 4. Nattha 5. Sutta Reached 3. Irregular Past Participles constructed from the Intransitive Verbs. Stayed Use In the Three Genders and Two Numbers Meaning Use in the Active Voice Died Prakrta Exercise Book In the Three Genders and Two Numbers 3. Santuttha Rejoiced In the Three Genders and Two Numbers Slept In the Three Genders and Two Numbers In the Three Genders and Two Numbers Disappered In the Three Genders and Two Numbers Meaning in the Passive Voice Gone In the Three Genders and Two Numbers Reached Meaning in the Impersonal Form Died Stayed Rejoiced Disappered Slept Use In the Three Genders and Two Numbers In the Three Genders and Two Numbers Use In the Neuter Singular Number In the Neuter Singular Number In the Neuter Singular Number In the Neuter Singular Number In the Neuter Singular Number 161

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6. Baddha Tied 7. Bhiya (1) 162 (2) (3) (4) (5) Feared In the Three Genders and Two Numbers In the Three Genders and Two Numbers Write all the alternatives of the Irregular Past Participles constructed from the Transitive Verbs. Use in the Passive Voice Kia = Was/Were done (1) Tied Maulena/ Maulenam Feared Pride was done by the maternal uncle. Gavvo Kio. Vows were observed by the sister. Sasaa/Sasai/ Vaya Sasae Narindena/ Narindenam Kia. The government was ruled by the king. Sasanam Kiam. Kammaim/ Kammaim/ Kammani In the Neuter Singular Number In the Neuter Singular Number Different actions were done by the master. Samina Kiaim/ Kiaim/ Kiani. Examination was held by the teacher. Guruna Parikkha Kia. Prakrta Exercise Book

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(6) (2-A) Write all the alternatives of the Irregular Past Participles constructed from Verbs indicating mobility. Use in the Active Voice Gaya/Gaa = Went (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Desires were done by the young lady. Juvaia/ Iccha/ Kia/ Juvaii/ Icchau/ Kiau/ Juvaie Icchao Kiao. The Son went to the house. Putto Gharam Gayo. Grandsons went to the house. Potta Gharam The Aircraft went to the forest. Vanam Gayam. Vimanam Gaya. Citizens went to the house. Nayarajanaim/ Nayarajanaim/ Gharam Nayarajanani The girl went to the house. Kanna Gharam Prakrta Exercise Book Daughters went to the house. Suya/Suyau/ Gharam Suyao Gayaim/ Gayaim / Gayani. Gaya. Gaya/Gayau/ Gayao. 163

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(2-B) In the literature the use of Passive Voice of Verbs indicating mobility is found in very small number. So here only one example is being given. Use in the Passive Voice (This dose not exist in English) (1) The son went to the house. Puttena/Puttenam Gharo Gayo. (3-A) Write all the Irregular Past Participles constructed from the Intransitive Verbs. Use in the Active Voice Mua - Died (1) The enemy died. Sattu Muo. Enemies died. Sattu/Sattau/Sattao/Sattavo/Sattuno Mua. The citizen died. Nayarajanam Muam. Citizens died. Nayarajanaim/Nayarajanain/ Muaim/Muain/ Nayarajanani Muani. The daughter died. Suya Mua. Sisters died. Sasa/Sasau/Sasao Mua/Muau/Muao. 164 Praksta Exercise Book

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(3-B) Use in the Impersonal Form. (This form dose not exist in English) Mua = Died (1) (2) Enemies died. (3) (4) (5) The enemy died. Sattuna Sattuhi/Sattuhim/ Sattuhim Prakrta Exercise Book The citizen died. Nayarajanena/ Nayarajanenam Citizens died. Nayarajanehi/ Nayarajanehim/ Nayarajanehim (6) Daughters died. The daughter died. Suyaa/Suyai/Suyae Suyahi/Suyahim/ Suyahim Muam. Muam. Muam. Muam. Muam. (A) Tranaslate the following sentences into Prakrta. For making sentences write all the alternatives of Irregular Past Particlples consturcted from the Transitive Verbs. Muam. 1. The elephant was given by the king for the commander. 2. Religious books were given by the saint for the father. 3. Wealth 165

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was given by the mother for the daughter. 4. Clothes were given by the mother for the daughter. 5. The jewel was given by the king for the commander. 6. Cows were given by the master for the brother. 7. The book was kept in the house by the maternal uncle. 8. Religious books were kept in the house by Hari. 9. Wealth was kept in the pitcher by the grandfather. 10. Small bundles were kept in the field by the grandmother. 11. The Sadi was kept on the tree by the maternal aunt. 12. The pitcher was kept in the field by women. 13. Water was obtained by mortifiers. 14. Books were obtained by the maternal uncle. 15. Food was obtained by the young lady. 16. Lotuses were obtained by children. 17. Prosperity was obtained by the king. 18. The jewel was obtained by the sister. 19. The bow was put on the earth by the master. 20. The jewel was thrown in the ocean by the king. 21. Wealth was thrown in the well by the woman. 22. Sticks were thrown in the field by human beings. 23. The rope was put in the field by the maternal aunt. 24. Jewels were placed in the pitcher by the young lady. 25. The cloth was burned by the son. 26. Houses were burned by the minister. 27. The small bundle was burned by the maternal uncle. 28. Kingdoms were set on fire by the king. 29. The rope was burned by the daughter. 30. Huts were burned by enemies. 31. Suffering was told by the mother. 32. Religious books were described by the saint. 33. The truth was told by the maternal uncle. 34. Pleasurs were told by sisters. 35. Story was narrated by the mother. 36. Stories were narrated by the mother. 37. The minister was distressed by the king. 39. The citizen was distressed by the enemy. 40. Citizens were distressed by the minister. 41. The serpent was seen by the maternal uncle. 42. Serpents were seen by the maternal uncle. 43. The aircraft was seen by the child. 44. Aircrafts were seen by children. 45. The cave was seen by the mother. 46. Caves were seen by the mother. 47. Action was completed by the human being. 48. Actions were completed by human beings. 49. The desire of the daughter was fulfilled by the mother. 50. The desires of the daughter were fulfilled by the mother. 51. The cow was eaten by the lion. 52. Cows were eaten by the lion. 53. Jamuna was eaten by the son. 166 Praksta Exercise Book

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54. Jamunas were eaten by sons. 55. Curd was consumed by the daughter. 56. Bones were eaten by the dog. 57. The tree was sawed by the maternal uncle. 58. Trees were sawed by maternal uncles. 59. The paper was cut by the son. 60. Papers were cut by the son. 61. The knee of the enemy was cut by the commander. 62. The knees of the enemies were cut by the commander. 63. The elephant was killed by the king. 64. Elephants were killed by the king. 65. The citizen was killed by the commander. 66. Citizens were killed by the commander. 67. The sister of the king was killed by the enemy. 68. The sisters of the king were killed by the enemy. 69. The son was taken away by the minister. 70. Sons were taken away by the minister. 71. The citizen was taken away by the king. 72. Citizens were taken away by the king. 73. The daughter was taken away by the maternal aunt. 74. Daughters were taken away by the maternal aunt. Examples: 1. The elephant was given by the king for the commander = Narindena Senavaino Hatthi Dinno. 10. Small bundles were kept in the field by the grandmother = Piamahia Pottalaim Khetammi Nihiyaim. 24.Jewels were placed in the pitcher by the young lady = Juvaia Kalasiyae Manio Chuddhao. 53. Jamuna was eaten by the son = Puttena Jambu Khaddho. 66. Citizens were killed by the commander = Senavaina Nayarajanaim/ Nayarajanaim/ Nayarajanani (B) Transalate the following sentences into Prakrta. For making sentences write all the alternatives of irregular Past Particlples consturcted form the Verbs indicating mobility. Prakrta Exercise Book Hayaim/ Hayaim/ Hayani. 167

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1. The son went to the house. 2. Sons went to the house. 3. The son went (Impersonal form). 4. The mother reached the field. 5. Mothers reached the field. 6. The mother reached the field (Impersonal form). Example :1. The son went to the house : Putto Gharam Gayo. (C) Translate the following sentences into Praksta. Write all the alternatives of Irregular Past Participles constructed form the Intransitive Verbs. 1. The son rejoiced. 2. Sons rejoiced. 3. The citizen rejoiced. 4. Citizens rejoiced. 5. The mother rejoiced. 6. Mothers rejoiced. 7. The village disappeared. 8. Villages disappread. 9. The aircraft disappeared. 10. Aircrafts disappeared. 11. The enemy died. 12. Enemies died. 13. The citizen died. 14. Citizens died. 15. The daughter died. 16. Daughters died. 17. The maternal uncle stayed. 18. Maternal uncles stayed. 19. The citizen stayed. 20. Citizens stayed. 21. The woman stayed. 22. Women stayed. 23. The camel slept. 24. Camels slept. 25. The citizen slept. 26. Citizens sletp. 27. The sister slept. 28. Sisters slept. 29. The grandson feared. 30. Grandsons feared. 31. The citizen feared. 32. Citizens feared. 33. The girl feared. 34. Girls feared. Impersonal form: 35. The enemy died. 36. The daughter rejoiced. 37. Daugthers rejoiced. 38. Enemies died. 39. The maternal uncle stayed. 40. Women stayed. 41. Karmas disappeared. 4 2. Sisters slept. 43. Grandsons feared. 44. The girl feared. Examples :1. The son rejoiced : . Putto Santuttho. 21. The woman stayed : Jaya Thia. 40. Women stayed : Jayahin Thiam. 168 Prakrta Exercise Book

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Exercise 40 Abbreviations and method of Grammatical analysis with examples Absolutive Adjective Adverbs Causative Verbs Feminine Gender Future Tense Impersonal Form Imperative Indeclinable Infinitive Intransitive Verbs Irregular Obligatory and Potential Participle - Abs. = Adj. - Adv. - Cau. : Fem. - Fu. - Imp. F. * Imp. * Ind. * Inf. - Intr. - Irre. = OPP. Passive Voice Past - Pass. PAT Tense Past Participle = PAP. Past Tense = PAT. Present Tense - PT. Present Participle = PP. Pronoun = Pro. Pronominal Adjective - Pro. Adj. Retainer of Innate - Rim. Meaning Suffixes (Svarthika Suffixes) Transitive Verb - Tr. Indicative of Original Word *[0+() +()] + sign is indicative of joining together of words. *(0-0)-()] * sign is indicative of compounding of words. *[{ ( ) - ()-() } Adj.] The entire unit in this type of brackets is indicative of Adjective. * Where only number 1/1, 2/1 etc. are written outside brackets the word inside the bracket is indicative of noun. * Where Passive Voice, Participle etc. are not according the rules of Prakrta Grammar, there irre. is also written outside the bracket. Praksta Exercise Book 169

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1/2 2/1 First Person/Singular Intra. or Tr. First Person/Plural Intra. or Tr. Second Person/Singular Intra, or Tr. Second Person/Plural Intra. or Tr. Third Person/Singular Intra. or Tr. Third Person/Plural Intra. or Tr. 2/2 3/1 3/2 1/1 1/2 2/1 2/1 3/1 Inst 3/2 4/1 4/2 Nominative Case/Singular Number Nominative Case/Plural Number Accusative Case/Singular Number Accusative Case/Plural Number Instrumental Case/Singular Number Instrumental Case/Plural Number Dative Case/Singular Number Dative Case/PluralNumber Ablative Case/Singular Number Ablative Case/Plural Number Genitive Case/Singular Number Genitive Case/Plural Number Locative Case/Singular Number Locative Case/Plural Number Vocative Case/Singular Number 5/1 5/2 6/1 6/2 7/1 7/2 8/1 8/2 Vocative Case/Plural Number 170 Prakrta Exercise Book

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Method of Grammatical-analysis Noun Narindassa Pronoun Tena (Narinda) 4/1 (Ta) 3/1 Pro. Pronominal Adjective Savvam (Savva) 2/1 Pro. Adj. Verb Hohii (Ho) Fu. 3/1 Intr. Absolutive Nisuniuna (Nisuna+una) Abs. Infinitive Present Participle Past Participle Hasittae (Hasa+ttae) Inf. Joyanto (Joya+nta) PP. 1/1 Mario (Mara - Maria) PAP. 1/1 Samaggalam (Samaggala) 2/1 Adj. Naccijjai (Nacca+ijja) PT. Imp F. 3/1 Intra. Adjective Impersonal Form Passive Voice Vilassijjai (Vilasa+ijja) PT. Pass. 3/1 Tr. Causative Darisavami (Darisa+ava) Cau. PT. 1/1 Tr. Jambio (Jambua) 1/1 a. Rim. Retainer of Innate Meaning Suffixes (Svarthika Suffixes) Indeclinable Vinu Ind. Adverbs Avasena (Avasa) 3/1 Adv. (Mukka) PAP. 1/1 Irre. Irregular Past Participle Mukko Irregular Passive Voice Labbhai (Labbhai) PT. Pass. 3/1 Tr. Irre. Praksta Exercise Book 171

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Examples: 1. Suyano Na Kuppai Cciya Aha Kuppai Mangulam Na Cintei. Suyano (Suyana) 1/1 Na Ind. (Kuppa) PT. 3/1 Tr. Ind. Ind. Kuppai Cciya Aha Mangulam 172 Na Cintei 2. Duratthiya Na Dure Sajjanacittana Puvvamiliyanam. Duratthiya Na Dure Sajjanacittana Puvvamiliyanam Daliddam Bhavvayam (Mangula) 2/1 Ind. (Cinta) PT. 3/1 Tr. 3. Silam Varam Kulao Daliddam Bhavvayam Ca Rogao. Silam (Sila) 1/1 Varam Ind. Kulao (Kula) 5/1 Ca Rogao [(Dura) Ind. = Dura-(Tithiya) PAP.1/2 Irre. ] Ind. Ind. [(Sajjana)-(Citta) 4/21 [(Puvva) Adv. - (Mila) PAP. 4/21 (Dalidda) 1/1 (Bhavva) 1/1 Adj. Ya Rim. Ind. (Roga) 5/1 Prakrta Exercise Book

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Exercise 41 (Prakrta Story and its English Translation) [Kassesa Bhajja] 1. Hatthinaure Nayare Suranama Rayaputto Nanagunarayana Samjutto Vasai. Tassa Bhariya Gangabhihana Silaigunalankiya Paramasohaggasara. Sumainama Tesim Dhuya. Sa Kammaparinamavasao JanayaJanani-Bhaya-Maulehim Pudho-Pudho Varanam Dinna. 2. Cauro Vi Te Vara Egammi Ceva Dine Parineum Agaya Paropparam Kalaham Kunanti. Tao Tesim Visame Sangame Jayamane Bahujanakkhayam Datthuna Aggimmi Pavittha Sumaikanna. Tie Samam Nividanehena Ego Varo Vi Pavittho. Ego Atthini Gangappavahe-Khivium Gao. Ego Ciarakkham Tattheva Jalapure Khiviuna Taddukkhena MohamahagahaGahio Mahiyale Hindai. Cauttho Tattheva Thio Tam Thanam Rakkhanto Paidinam Egamannapindam Muanto Kalam Gamei. 3. Aha Taio Naro Mahiyalam Bhamanto Katthavi Game Randhanagharammi Bhoanam Karaviuna Jimium Uvavittho. Tassa Gharasamini Parivesai. Taya Tie Lahuputto Aiva Roii. Tao Tie Rosaparavvasam Gayae So Balo Jalanammi Khivio. So Varo Bhoyanam Kunanto Utthium Laggo. Sa Bhanai "Avaccaruvani Kassa Vi Na Appiyani Honti, Jesim Kae Piuno Anegadevayapuyadanamantajavaim Kim Kim Na Kunanti. Prakrta Exercise Book 174

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1. In Hastinapura City, there lived a prince named Sura, who was endowed with diverse Jewels of virtues. His wife named Ganga was adorned with moral virtues and (she) was the most fortunate (woman). Their daughter was named Sumati. Because of the domination of karmic fruitions, she was given to different (prospective) bridegrooms by the father, the mother, the brother and the maternal uncle. Exercise 41 Whose Wife is this? 2. All those four bridegrooms reached (her) place at the same day and started quarrelling with one another. Seeing the destruction of many persons in the emerging unbalanced discord among them, the girl Sumati entered the fire and one bridegroom also entered (the fire) on account of the intense love for her. The other (second) went to cast the bones in the flow of the Ganges. Having cast the ashes of the pyre there in water, the other (third) wandered on the earth; having been seized by the great planets of attachment on account of the grief, the fourth stayed there and protecting that place and renouncing one morsel of food daily he passed time. 3. Having got the food cooked in the kitchen in a certain village, now the third person wandering on the earth sat for partaking of food. For him the mistress of the house served food. Then her younger son wept very much. Then she went under the dominance of anger. (As a result of which) the son was thrown into the fire by her, Partaking of food, he Prakrta Exercise Book 175

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Tumam Suhena Bhoyanam Karehi. Paccha Vi Eyam Puttam Jivaissami." Tao So Vi Bhoyanam Vihiuna Siggham Utthio Java Tava Tie Niyagharamajjhao Amayarasakuppayam Aniuna Jalanammi Chadukkhevo Kao. Balo Hasanto Niggao. Jananie Ucchange Nio. 4. Tao So Varo Jhayai "Aho Acchariam! Aho Acchariam! Jam Evamvihajalanajalio Vi Jivio. Jai Eso Amayaraso Maha Havai Ta Ahamavi Tam Kannam Jivavemi" Tti Cintiuna Dhuttattena Kudavesam Kauna Rayanie Tattheva Thio. Avasaram Lahiuna Tam Amayarasakuvayam Ginhiuna Hatthinaure Agao. 5. Tena Puna Tie Janayadisamakkham Ciamajjhe Amayaraso Mukko. Sa Sumaikanna Salankara Jivanti Utthiya. Taya Tie Samam Ego Varo Vi Jivio. Kammavassao Puno Cauro Vi Vara Egao Milia. Kannapaniggahantthamannonnam Vivayam Kunanta Balacandarayamandire Gaya. Cauhim Vi Kahiam Raino Niyaniyasaruvam. Raina Mantino Bhaniya Jaha- "Eyanam Vivayam Bhanjiuna Ego Varo Pamanikayavvo." Mantino Vi Savve Paropparam Viyaram Kunanti. Na Puna Kenavi Vivao Bhajjai. Jao 176 Prakrta Exercise Book

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(bridegroom) got ready to get up. She said, " Children are not unlovable for any body, for whom parents perform adoration, (give) donations, (pronounces) mantras and (repeat) incantation and what not. You dine happily. Afterwards, I shall make the son alive. Then having eaten food, he got up quickly. At that time having brought the pitcher of nectar from inside the house, she sprinkled that in the fire. The child came out laughing. He was taken into lap by the mother. 4. Then the third bridegroom thinks "Oh! surprise, Oh! wonder, (though he) was burnt with fire, yet he was made to live. If the nectar is for me, then I shall cause to live that girl. Having thought in the way, and having adopted disguise with deceit; he stayed there at night. Having found an opportune time and having taken the pitcher of nectar, he reached Hastinapura. 5. Before her father etc. the nectar was sprinkled again in the pyre by him. That Sumait girl got up, living along with ornaments. Then along with her one bridegroom also was made to live. Owing to the dominance of Karma again all the four bridegrooms met one by one. Arguing with one another for marrying the girl (they) went to the house of the kingBalacanda. Once own claim was put forth before the king by all the four. The ministers were told by the king. Having put to end their disputation with certainty, you all should certify one bridegroom. All the ministers thought mutually. The disputation was not unraveled by any body. Because ........ Prakrta Exercise Book 177

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Asanne Ranarange Mudhe Mante Taheva Dubbhikkhe Jassa Muham Joijjai So Puriso Mahiyale Viralo 6. Taya Egena Mantina Bhaniyam - "Jai Mannaha Ta Vivayam Bhajjemi." Tehim Jampiyam - "Jo Rayahansavva Gunadosaparikkhar Kauna Pakkhavayarahio Vayam Bhanjai Tassa Vayanam Ko Na Mannai?" Tao Tena Bhaniyam -"Jena Jiviya, So Jammaheuttanena Piya Jao. Jo Sahajivio so Egajammatthanena Bhaya. Jo Atthini Gangamajjhammi Khivium Gao se Pacchapunnakaranena Puttasamo Jao. Jena Puna Tam Thanam Rakkhiyar, So Bhatta." Evam Mantina Vivae Bhagge, Cautthena Varena Kurucandabhihanena Sa Parinia. 178 Prakta Exercise Book

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At the time of nearby battle, at the time of ignorance of duty-awareness, at the time of seeking advice and at the time of famine, he who is available is rare on the earth. 6. Then, it was told by one minister, "If you agree, then I shall solve the dispute. It was told (replied) by them (bridegrooms). Having examined the merits and demerits like the flamingo and having become impartial "If anybody (he who) solves the dispute - who will not accept his judgement. Then it was told by him, (minister)" by whom, she was restored to life he becomes the father on account of being the cause of birth. He who is restored to life together (with her), he became the brother on account of having similar birth-place. He who went to the Ganges for casting bones, is like the son on account of performing the auspicious (actions) afterwards and by whom that place is protected, he is the husband. In this way she was married to Kurucanda the fourth bridegroom owing to the disputation solved by the minister. Prakrta Exercise Book 179

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Grammatical Analysis of the Story : Kassesa Bhajja 180 Prakrta Exercise Book

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Grammatical Analysis of Kassesa Bhajja Kassesa Sa (Ta) 1/1 Pro. [(Kassa) + (Esa)) Kassa (Ka) 6/1 Pro. Adj. Esa (Eta) 1/1 Pro. Kammaparina. mavasao (Kamma)-(Parinama). (Vasa) 5/1) Bhajja (Bhajja) 1/1 1. Janaya-Janani- ((Janaya)-(Janani)Bhaya-Maulehim (Bhaya)-(Maula) 3/21 Hatthinaure (Hatthinaura) 7/1 Pudho-Pudho Ind. Nayare (Nayara) 7/1 Varanam (Vara) 4/2 Suranama [(Sura) 1/1 - Nama (Ind.)] Dinna. (Dinna) PAP. 1/1 Irre. 2. Rayaputto (Rayaputta) 1/1 Cauro (Cau) 1/2 Adj Nanagunarayana- [(Nana)-(Guna)-(Rayana). Samjutto (Sarnjutta) PAP 1/1 Irre. Vi Ind. Vasai (Vasa) PT. 3/1 Intr. Te (Ta) 1/2 Pro. Tassa (Ta) 6/1 Pro. Vara (Vara) 1/2 Bhariya (Bhariya) 1/1 Egammi *Ega) 7/1 Adj. Gangabhihana Ceva Ind. [(Ganga)+(Abhihana)] [(Ganga)-(Abhihana) 1/1 Adj.) Dine (Dina) 7/1 Parineum (Parina) Inf. Silaigunalankiya ((Sila)+(Ai)+(Guna)+ (Alarkiya)] [(Sila)-(.1)(Guna)-(Alankiya) 1/1 Adj.] Agaya (Agaya) PAP. 1/2 Irre. Paropparam (Paroppara) 2/1 Adv. Kalaham (Kalaha) 2/1 Paramasohaggaskra [(Parama) Adj. - (Sohagga) - (Sara) 1/1 Adj.) Kunanti (Kuna) PT. 3/2 Tr. Tao Ind. Sumainama [(Sumat)1/1 (Nama) (Ind.)] Tesim (Ta) 6/2 Pro. Tesim (Ta) 6/2 Pro. Visame (Visama) 7/1 Ad). (Sangama) 7/1 Dhuya (Dhuya) 1/1 Sangame Prakrta Exercise Book 181

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Jayamane (Ja-Jaa) PP. 7/1 Mohamahagaha. ((Moha)-(Maha)-(Gaha). Gahio (Gaha) PAP. 1/1) Bahujanakkhayam [(Bahu)-(Jana)(Kkhaya) 2/1) Mahiyale (Mahiyala) 7/1 Datthuna (Datthuna) Abs. Irre. Hindai (Hinda) PT. 3/1 Tr. Aggimmi (Aggi) 7/1 Cauttho (Cauttha) 1/1 Adj. Pavittha (Pavittha) PAP. 1/1 Irre. Tattheva [(Tattha)+(Eva)] . Tattha (Adv.), Eva (Ind.) Sumaikanna [(Sumai)-(Kanna) 1/1) Thio (Thia) PAP.1/1 Irre. Tie (Ti) 3/1 Pro. Tam (Ta) 2/1 Pro. Adj. Samam Ind. Thaman (Thina) 2/1 Nividanehena [(Nivida) Adj. - (Neha) 3/1) Rakkhanto (Rakkha) PP. 1/1 Ego (Ega) 1/1 Adj. Paidinam Ind. Varo (Vara) 1/1 Egamanna pindam [(Egan)+(Anna) Pindam) [(Egam)-(Anna). Pinda) 2/1) Vi Ind. Pavittho (Pavittha) PAP. 1/1 Irre. Muanto (Mua) PP. 1/1 Ego (Ega) 1/1 Adj. Kalam (Kala) 2/1 Atthini (Atthi) 2/2 Gamei (Gama) PT. 3/1 Tr. Gangappavahe [(Ganga)-(Ppavaha) 7/1] 3. Khivium (Khiva) Inf. Aha Ind. Gao (Gaa) PAP. 1/1 Irre. Taio (Taia) 1/1 Adv. Ego (Ega) 1/1 Adj. Naro (Nara) 1/1 Ciarakkham [(Cia)-(Rakkha) 2/1) Mahiyalar (Mahiyala) 2/1 Tattheva {(Tattha)+(Eva)] Tattha (Adv.), Eva (Ind.) Bhamanto (Bhama) PP. 1/1 Jalapure [(Jala)-(Pura) 7/1) Katthavi Ind. Khiviuna (Khiva) Abs. Game (Gama) 7/1 Taddukkhena (Taddukkha) 3/1 Randhanagharammi [(Randhana). (Ghara) 7/1) 182 Prakrta Exercise Book

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Bhoanam (Bhoana) 2/1 Laggo (Lagga) PAP. 1/1 Irre. Karaviuna (Kara+Ava) Cau. Abs. Sa (Ta) 171 Pro. Jimium (Jima) Inf. Bhanai (Bhana) PT. 3/1 Tr. Uvavittho (Uvavittha) PAP. 1/1 lrre. Avaccaruvani [(Avacca)-(Ruva) 1/2) Tassa (Ta) 4/1 Pro. Kassa (Ka) 4/1 Pro. Gharasamini [(Ghara)-(Samini) 1/1] Vi Ind. Parivesai (Parivesa) PT. 3/1 Tr. Na Ind. Taya Ind. Appiyani (Appiya) 1/2 Adj. Tie (Ti) 6/1 Pro. Honti (Ho) PT. 3/2 Intr. Lahuputto [(Lahu) Ad).- (Putta) 1/1) Jesim (Ja) 6/2 Pro. Aiva Ind. Kae Ind. Roli (Roa) PT. 3/1 Intr. Piuno (Piu) 1/2 Tao Ind. Anegadevaya puyadanamantajavaim Tie (Ti) 3/1 Pro. [(Anega)+(Devaya) + (Puya)+ (Dana)+ (Manta)+(Java)+(Aim)] [(Anega)-(Devaya)(Puya)-(Dana)(Manta)-(Java)-(AI) 2/1) Rosapara vvasam [(Rosa)-(Para)(Vvasa) 2/1) Gaya (Gaya) PAP.1/1 Irre. Ind. Kim-Kim (Kim) 1/1 Pro. So (Ta) 1/1 Pro. Na Ind. Balo (Bala) 1/1 Kunanti (Kuna) PT. 3/2 Tr. Jalanammi (Jalana) 7/1 Tumam (Tumha) 1/1 Pro. Khivio (Khiva) PAP. 1/1 Suhena (Suha) 3/1 Adv. So (Ta) 1/1 Pro. Bhoyanam (Bhoyana) 2/1 Varo (Vara) 1/1 Karehi (Kara) Imp. 2/1 Tr. Bhoyanam (Bhoyana) 2/1 Paccha Ind. Kunanto (Kuna) PP. 1/1 Vi Ind. Utthium (Uttha) Inf. Eyam {Ea) 2/1 Pro. Adj. Prakyta Exercise Book 183

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Puttam (Putta) 2/1 So (Ta) 1/1 Pro. Adj. Jivaissami (Jivaa) Fu. 1/1 Tr. Varo (Vara) 1/1 Tao Ind. Jhayai (Jha-Jhaa) PT.3/1 Ty. So (Ta) 1/1 Pro. Aho Ind. Ind. Acchariam (Accharia) 1/1 Bhoyanam (Bhoyana) 2/1 Aho Ind. Vihiuna (Viha) Abs. Acchariam (Accharia) 1/1 Siggham Ind. Jam Ind. Utthio (Uttha) PAP. 1/1 Evamvihajalanajalio (Evamviha) (Ind.). ((Jalana)-(Jala)PAP.1/1) Java Tava Ind. Vi Ind. Tie (Ti) 3/1 Pro. Jivio (Jiva) PAP. 1/1 Niyagharamajjhao ((Niya) Adv.. (Ghara). (Majjha) 5/1) Jai Ind. Eso (Eta) 1/1 Pro. Adj. Amayarasa kuppayam ((Amaya) - (Rasa)* (Kuppa) 2/1 'A' Rim. Amayaraso ((Amaya)-(Rasa) 1/1) Aniuna (Ana) Abs. Maha (Amha) 4/1 Pro. Jalanammi (Jalana) 7/1 Havai (Hava) PT. 3/1 Intr. Chadukkhevo (Chadukkheva) 1/1 Ta Ind. Kao (Kaa) PAP. 1/1 Irre. Ahamavi Balo (Bala) 1/1 [(Aham)+(Avi)] Aham (Amha) 1/1 Pro. Avi (Ind.) Hasanto (Hasa) PP. 1/1 Tam (Ta) 2/1 Pro. Adj. Niggao (Niggaa) PAP. 1/1 Irre. Kanpam (Kanna) 2/1 Jananie (Janani) 3/1 Jivavemi Ucchange (Ucchanga) 7/1 (Jiva+Ava) Cau. PT. 1/1 Tr. Nio (Ni) PAP. 1/1 Tti Ind. Cintiuna (Chinta) Abs. Tao Ind. Dhuttattena (Dhuttatta) 3/1 184 Praksta Exercise Book

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Kudavesam Kauna Rayanie Tattheva Thio Avasaram Lahiuna Tam Amayarasa kuvayam Ginhiuna Hatthinaure Agao 5. Tena Puna Tie Janayadisamakkham Ciamajjhe Amayaraso Mukko Sa Sumaikanna [(Kuda)-(Vesa) 2/11 Salankara (Kauna) Abs. Irre. (Rayani) 7/1 [(Tattha)+ (Eva) Tattha (Adv.) Eva (Ind.) (Thla) PAP. 1/1 Irre. (Avasara) 2/1 (Laha) Abs. (Ta) 2/1 Pro. Adj. [(Amaya)-(Rasa)(Kuvaya) 2/1] (Ginha) Abs. (Hatthinaura) 7/1 (Agaa) PAP. 1/1 Irre. (Ta) 3/1 Pro. Ind. (Ti) 6/1 Pro. [(Janya)+(Adi)+ (Samakkham)] [(Janya)-(Adi) (Samakkha) 1/1] [(Cia)-(Majjha) 7/1] [(Amaya)-(Rasa) 1/1] (Mukka) PAP. 1/1 Irre. (Ta) 1/1 Pro. Adj. [(Sumai)-(Kanna) Prakrta Exercise Book 1/1] Jivanti Utthiya Taya Tie Samam Ego Varo VI Jivio Kammavassao Puno Cauro Vi Vara Egao Milia Vivayam Kunanta [(Sa)+(Alankara)] [(Sa)Adj.-(Alankara) Balacandarayamandire Gaya 1/11 (Jiva) PP. 1/1 (Uttha) PAP. 1/1 Ind. (Ti) 3/1 Pro. Ind. (Ega) 1/1 Adj. (Vara) 1/1 Ind. (Jiva) PAP. 1/1 [(Kamma)-(Vassa) 5/1 Adv.] Ind. (Cau) 1/2 Adj. Ind. (Vara) 1/2 Kannapaniggaha-[(Kanna)+(Paniggahana)+ Ind. natthamannonnam (Attham)+(Annonnam)] [(Kanna)-(Paniggahana) (Attha) 2/1 (Annonna) Ind.] (Mila) PAP. 1/2 (Vivaya) 2/1 (Kuna) PP. 1/2 [(Balacandaraya) (Mandira) 7/11 (Gaya) PAP. 1/2 Irre. 185

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Cauhim (Cau) 3/2 Vivao (Vivia) 1/1 Vi Ind. Bhajjai (Bhajjai) PT. Pass. 3/1 Tr. Irre. Kahiam (Kaha) PAP. 1/1 Jao Ind. Raino (Rai) 4/1 Asanne (Asanna) 7/1 Adj. Niyaniyasaruvam ((Niya) Adj. - (Niya) Adj.(Saruva) 1/1) Ranarange [(Rana)-(Ranga) 7/1) Raina (Rai) 3/1 Mudhe (Mudha) 7/1 Mantino (Manti) 1/2 Mante (Manta) 7/1 Bhaniya (Bhana) PAP. 1/2 Taheva Ind. Jaha Ind. Dubbhikkhe (Dubbhikkha) 7/1 Eyanam (Ea) 6/2 Pro. Jassa (ja) 6/1 Pro. Vivayam (Vivaya) 2/1 Muham (Muha) 1/1 Bhanjiuna (Bhanja) Abs. Joijjai (Jo+lija)PT. Pass. 3/1 Tr. Ego (Ega) 1/1 Adj. So (Ta) 1/1 Pro. Varo (Vara) 1/1 Puriso (Purisa) 1/1 Pamanikayavvo Mahiyale (Mahiyala) 7/1 (Pamanikayavva) OPP. 1/1 Irre. Viralo (Virala) 1/1 Adj. Mantino (Manti) 1/2 Vi Ind. Taya Ind. Savve (Savva) 1/2 Pro. Egena (Ega) 3/1 Adj. Paropparam (Paroppara) 2/1 Adv. Mantina (Manti) 3/1 Viyaram (Viyara) 2/1 Bhaniyam (Bhana) PAP. 1/1 Kunanti (Kuna) PT. 3/2 Tr. Jai Ind. Na Ind. Mannaha (Manna) Imp. 2/2 Tr. Pupa Ind. Ta Ind. Kepavi Vivayam (Vivaya) 2/1 [(Kena)+(Avi)] Kena (Ka) 3/1 Pro, Avi (Ind.) Bhajjemi (Bhajja) PT. 1/1 Tr. 186 Prakrta Exercise Book

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Tehim (Ta) 3/2 Pro. Jo (Ja) 1/1 Pro. Jampiyam (Jampa) PAP. 1/1 Sahajivio [(Saha (Ind.) - (Jiva) PAP. 1/1) Jo (Ja) 1/1 Pro. So . (Ta) 1/1 Pro. Rayahansavva [(Rayahansa) 1/1 (Vva (Ind.)] Egajammathanena [(Ega)-(Jamma)(Tthana) 3/1) Gunadosaparikkham [(Guna)-(Dosa)(Parikkha) 2/1] Bhaya (Bhau) 1/1 Kauna (Kauna) Abs. Irre. Jo (Ja) 1/1 Pro. Atthini (Atthi) 2/2 Pakkhavayarahio [(Pakkhavaya)(Rahia) 1/1 Adj.) Gangamajjhammi ((Ganga)-(Majjha) 7/1) Vayam (Vaya) 2/1 Khivium (Khiva) Inf. Bhanjai (Bhanja) PT. 3/1 Tr. Gao (Gaa) PAP. 1/1 Irre. Tassa (Ta) 6/1 Pro. So (Ta) 1/1 Pro. Adj. Vayanam (Vayana) 2/1 Pacchapunnakaranena [(Paccha (Ind.) - (Punna). (Karana) 3/1] Ko (Ka) 1/1 Pro. Na Ind. Puttasamo [(Putta)-(Sama)1/1 Adj.] Mannai (Manna) PT. 3/1 Tr. Jao (Jaa) PAP. 1/1 Irre. Tao Ind. Jena (Ja) 3/1 Pro. Tena (Ta) 3/1 Pro. Ind. Puna Tar Bhaniyam (Bhana) PAP. 1/1 (Ta) 1/1 Pro. Jena (Ja) 3/1 Pro. Thanam (Thana) 1/1 Jiviya (Jiva) Cau. PAP. 1/1 Rakkhiyam (Rakkha) PAP. 1/1 So (Ta) 1/1 Pro. So (Ta) 1/1 Pro. Bhatta (Bhattu) 1/1 Jammaheuttanena [(Jamma)-(Heu)(Ttana) 3/1] Evam Ind. Piya (Piu) 1/1 Mantina (Manti) 3/1 Jao (Jaa) PAP. 1/1 Irre. Vivae (Vivaa) 7/1 Praksta Exercise Book 187

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Bhagge (Bhagga)PAP. 7/1 Irre. Cautthena (Cauttha) 3/1 Adj. Varena (Vara) 3/1 Kurucanda bhihanena [(Kuruchanda) + (Abhihanena)] ((Kuruchanda). (Abhihana) 3/1) Sa (Ta) 1/1 Pro. Parinia (Parini) PAP. 1/1 188 Prakyta Exercise Book

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