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________________ nizcaya aura vyavahAra zabdoMkA arthAkhyAna sampUrNa jainAgamako cAra bhAgoMmeM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai-1. prathamAnuyoga (dharmakathAnuyoga), 2. caraNAnuyoga, 3. karaNAnuyoga 4. aura drvyaanuyog| prathamAnuyoga vaha hai jisameM adhyAtmako lakSyameM rakhakara mahApuruSoMke jIvanacaritrake AdhArapara pApa, puNya aura dharmakA digdarzana karAyA gayA hai| caraNAnuyoga vaha hai jisameM adhyAtmako lakSyameM rakhakara pApa, puNya aura dharmakI vyavasthAoMkA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| karaNAnuyoga vaha hai jisameM jIvoMkI pApa, puNya aura dharmamaya pariNatiyoM tathA unake kAraNoMkA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai aura dravyAnuyoga vaha hai jisameM vizva kI sampUrNa vastuoMke pRthaka-pRthak astitvako batalAne vAle svataHsiddha svarUpa evaM unake pariNamanoMkA nirdhAraNa kiyA gayA hai| inameMse caraNAnuyoga, karaNAnuyoga aura dravyAnuyogameM AvazyakatAnasAra vividha arthoM meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra zabdoMkA bahulatAke sAtha prayoga huA hai, isaliye ina donoM zabdoMkA kahA~ kyA artha grAhya hai, isa viSayapara yahA~ vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai / nizcaya aura vyavahAra zabdoMkA vyutpatyartha nizcaya aura vyavahAra donoM zabdoMmeMse nizcaya zabda to 'nis' upasargapUrvaka cayanArthaka 'ciJ' dhAtuse 'ap' pratyaya hokara niSpanna huA hai aura vyavahAra zabda 'vi' tathA 'ava' upasargapUrvaka 'han' dhAtuse 'Na' pratyaya hokara niSpanna huA hai / isa prakAra ina vyutpattiyoMke anusAra vastumeM saMbhavanIya abhedAzrita va bhedAzrita tathA svAzrita va parAzrita parasparaviruddha dharmayugaloMmeM eka-eka dharma to nizcaya zabdakA tathA eka-eka vyavahAra zabdakA artha samajhanA cAhiye / ukta vyutpattiyoMke anusAra vastumeM saMbhavanIya abhedAzrita va bhedAzrita tathA svAzrita aura parAzrita parasparaviruddha dharmoke ve yugala nimna prakAra saMgrahIta kiye jA sakate haiM akhaNDarUpatA-khaNDarUpatA, ekarUpatA-nAnArUpatA, tadrUpatA-atadrUpatA, bhAvarUpatA-abhAvarUpatA, nityarUpatA-anityarUpatA, svAzrayarUpatA-parAzrayarUpatA, saMgraharUpatA-vistArarUpatA, sAmAnyarUpatA-vizeSarUpatA, anvayarUpatA-vyatirekarUpatA dravyarUpatA-paryAyarUpatA, guNarUpatA-paryAyarUpatA, svabhAvarUpatA-vibhAvarUpatA, uddezyarUpatAvidheyarUpatA, sAdhyarUpatA-sAdhanarUpatA, kAryarUpatA-kAraNarUpatA, upAdAnarUpatA-nimittarUpatA, sAkSAdrUpatAparamparArUpatA Adi / isameM pUrva-pUrva dharma to abhedAzrita yA svAzrita honeke kAraNa vastukA nizcayadharma aura uttara-uttara dharma bhedAzrita yA parAzrita hone ke kAraNa vastukA vyavahAradharma samajhanA caahiye| yahA~para sarvaprathama hama yaha vivecana karane jA rahe haiM ki caraNAnuyogameM prayukta nizcaya aura vyavahAra zabdoMkA kyA-kyA artha AgamameM grahaNa kiyA gayA hai ? caraNAnuyogameM nizcaya aura vyavahAra zabdoMkA artha jaina saMskRtike adhyAtmakA pradhAna aura antima uddezya jIvoM dvArA sAMsArika bandhanoMse chuTakArA pAkara AtmasvAtaMtrya prApta kara lenA hI batalAyA gayA hai| jIvoM dvArA sAMsArika bandhanoMse chuTakArA pA lenekA nAma mokSa hai aura isa mokSako prApta karanekA jo upAya hai vaha mokSamArga hai| jainAgamameM mokSamArgako samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakacAritrake rUpameM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna 1. bandhahetvabhAvanirjarAbhyAM kRtsnakarmavipramokSo mokSaH / tattvArthasUtra 1082 / 2. samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH / tattvArthasUtra 1 / 1 /
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________________ 58 : sarasvatI-varadaputra paM0 baMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandana-grantha / aura samyakacAritrako AgamameM nizcaya aura vyavahArake bhedase do-do rUpa batalAyA gayA hai| isa taraha mokSamArga vahA~para do bhedarUpa batalA diyA gayA hai--eka nizcayamokSa-mArga aura dUsarA vyvhaarmokss-maarg|2 sAtha hI itanA aura spaSTa kara diyA gayA hai ki nizcayamokSa-mArga to mokSakA sAkSAt kAraNa hai aura vyavahAramokSa-mArga paramparayA, arthAt nizcayamokSamArgakA kAraNa hokara mokSakA kAraNa hai| zraddheya paNDita daulatarAmajIne chahaDhAlAmeM tIsarI DhAlake prArambhameM isa viSayako bahuta hI sundaratAke sAtha sAragarbhita do padyoM dvArA spaSTa rUpameM pratipAdita kiyA hai / ve padya ye hai---- "Atama ko hita hai sukha, so sukha AkUlatA bina kahiye / AkulatA ziva bhA~hiM na, tAteM zivamaga lAgyau cahiye / / samyagdarzana jJAna caraNa zivamaga so duvidha vicArau / jo satyAratha rUpa so nizcaya, kAraNa so vavahAro // // para dravyana teM bhinna, Apa meM ruci, samyaktva bhalA hai| Apa rUpa kI jAnapanau, so samyagjJAna kalA hai| Apa rUpa meM lIna rahe thira samyaka cArita soI / aba vavahAra mokhamaga suniye, hetU niyata ko hoI // 2 // prathama padyameM paNDitajIne kahA hai ki AtmAkA hita sukha hai, vaha sukha AkulatAke abhAvameM utpanna hotA hai aura AkulatAkA abhAva mokSameM hai, ataH jIvoMko mokSake mArgameM pravRtta honA caahiye| mokSakA mArga samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritrarUpa hai| ye tInoM nizcayarUpa bhI hote haiM aura vyavahArarUpa bhI hote haiM ataH mokSamArga bhI nizcaya aura vyavahArake bhedase do prakArakA ho jAtA hai| inameMse samyagdarzana, samyakjJAna aura samyakcAritrarUpa nizcayamokSamArga to mokSakA sIdhA kAraNa hai tathA samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakacAritrarUpa vyavahAramokSamArga isa nizcayamokSamArgakA kAraNa hokara mokSakA kAraNa hai arthAt vaha paramparayA mokSakA kAraNa hai| dvitIya padyameM paNDitajIne kahA hai ki samasta cetana-acetana para-dravyoMkI orase mur3akara apane AtmasvarUpakI ora jIvakI abhiruci ( unmukhatA) honA nizcayasamyagdarzana hai, usako apane AtmasvarUpakA jJAna ho jAnA nizcayasamyagjJAna hai aura buddhipUrvaka tathA abuddhipUrvaka honevAlI kaSAyajanya pApa aura puNyarUpa samasta prakArakI pravRttiyoMse nivRtti pAkara usakA apane AtmasvarUpameM sthira ho lIna ho jAnA nizcayasamyakacAritra hai| 1. paMcAstikAya-gAthA 106 / 2. paMcAstikAyameM vyavahAramokSa-mArga, gAthA 160 / paMcAstikAyameM nizcayamokSa-mArga, gAthA 161 / nizcayavyavahAramokSakAraNe sati mokSakArya saMbhavati |-pNcaastikaay, gAthA 160 kI TIkAmeM AcArya jysen| nizcayavyavahArayoH sAdhyasAdhanabhAvatvAt |-pNcaastikaay, gAthA 160 kI TIkAmeM AcArya amRtacandra / paMcAstikAya, gAthA 162 kI TIkAmeM AcArya amRtacandra / paMcAstikAya gAthA 163 kI TIkAmeM AcArya amatacandra / sAdhako vyavahAramokSamArgaH sAdhyo nizca ymokssmaargH|-prmaatmprkaash, TokA, pRSTha 142 evaM nizcayavyavahArAbhyAM sAdhyagAdhanabhAvana tIrthagurudevatAsvarUpaM jJAtavyam |--prmaatmprkaash, zloka 7 kI ttiikaa|
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________________ 3 / dharma aura siddhAnta : 59 dvitIya padya ke antima caraNameM zraddheya paNDitajone kahA hai ki Age chahaDhAlAmeM nizcaya-samyagdarzanAdi rUpa ukta nizcayamokSamArgake kAraNabhUta vyavahArasamyagdarzanAdirUpa vyavahAra mokSamArgakA vivecana kiyA jaaygaa| isa taraha chahaDhAlAmeM kiye gaye vivecanake anusAra vyavahAramokSamArgarUpa samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakacAritrakA pRthaka-pRthaka jo svarUpa nirdhArita hotA hai usakA kathana yahA~para kiyA jAtA hai| vyavahArasamyagdarzanakA svarUpa chahaDhAlAmeM jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ye sAta tattva kahe gaye haiM aura kahA gayA hai ki inake prati jIvoMke antaHkaraNameM zraddhA arthAt inake svarUpAdiko vAstavikatAke sambandhameM jJAnakI dRr3hatA yAnI AstikyabhAva jAgata ho jAnekA nAma vyavahArasamyagdarzana hai| isake AdhArapara hI jIvoMko nizcaya-samyagdarzanakI upalabdhi hotI hai| __ AcArya umAsvAmIne tattvArthasUtrameM aura svAmI samantabhadrane ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcArameM samyagdarzanakA jo svarUpa batalAyA hai use vyavahArasamyagdarzanakA hI svarUpa samajhanA caahiye| AcArya umAsvAmIke tattvArthasUtrake anusAra uparyukta sAta tatvoMke zraddhAnakA nAma samyagdarzana hai|' aura svAmI samantabhadrake ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcArake anusAra paramArtha arthAt vItarAgatAke Adarza devoM, paramArtha arthAt vItarAgatAke poSaka zAstroM aura paramArtha arthAt vItarAgatAke mArga meM pravRtta guruoMke prati jIvoMke antaHkaraNameM zraddhAna (bhakti yA AsthA) kA jAgaraNa ho jAnA samyagdarzana hai| yadyapi tattvArthasUtra aura ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcArameM nibaddha samyagdarzanake ukta lakSaNoMmeM paraspara bheda dikhAI detA hai| parantu tattvataH unameM bheda nahIM hai, kyoMki svAmI samantabhadra dvArA ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcArameM pratipAdita lakSaNase bhI niSkarSake rUpameM jIvoMke antaHkaraNameM ukta sAta tattvoMke prati Astikya bhAvakI jAgati ho jAnA hI samyagdarzanakA svarUpa nizcita hotA hai / vyavahArasamyagjJAnakA svarUpa vItarAgatAke poSaka athavA sAta tattvoMke yathAvasthita svarUpake pratipAdaka AgamakA zravaNa, paThana, pAThana, abhyAsa, cintana, manana aura upadeza yaha saba vyavahArasamyagjJAna hai| isa prakArake samyagjJAnase jIvoMko samasta vastuoMke aura vizeSakara AtmAke svataHsiddha svarUpakA bodha hotA hai| jaise AtmAkA svataHsiddha svarUpa jJAyakapanA arthAt samasta padArthoMko dekhane-jAnanekI zakti rUpa hai| isake AdhArapara hI AtmAkA anAdi, anidhana, svAzrita aura akhaNDa (svarUpake sAtha tAdAtmyako lie hae) svataMtra astitva siddha hotA. hai / AtmAke isa svarUpako samajhaneke liye uparyakta prakArake AgamakA zravaNa, paThana, pAThana, abhyAsa, cintana, manana aura upadeza sahAyaka hotA hai| vicAra kara dekhA jAya to samyagdarzana prApta honese pUrva hI jIvoMko isa prakArake samyak (vItarAgatAke poSaka) AgamajJAnakI saMprApti Avazyaka hai| isaliye yadyapi mokSamArgameM samyagdarzanake pUrva hI samyagjJAnako sthAna milanA cAhiye, parantu vahA~ isako jo samyagdarzana aura samyakacAritrake madhya sthAna diyA gayA hai isakA eka kAraNa to yaha hai ki jIvako samyagdarzana prApta ho jAnepara hI ukta prakArake jJAnakA samyakpanA 1. tattvArthazraddhAnaM samyagdarzanam / jIvAjIvAsavabandhasaMvaranirjarAmokSAstattvam / -tattvArthasUtra 1-2, 1-4 / 2. zraddhAnaM paramArthAnAmAptAgamatapobhRtAm / trimUDhApoDhamaSTAGgaM samyagdarzanamasmayam // 4 //
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________________ 60 : sarasvatI - varavaputra paM0 baMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandana grantha ( sArthakatva) mAnA jA sakatA hai aura dUsarA kAraNa yaha hai ki ukta jJAnakI upayogitA madhyadIpakanyAyase samyagdarzanakI taraha samyakcAritra para ArUr3ha hone ke liye bhI Avazyaka hai / vyavahArasamyakcAritrakA svarUpa buddhipUrvaka aura abuddhipUrvaka hone vAlI samasta kaSAyajanya pApa aura puNyamaya pravRttiyoMse nivRtti pAkara apane AtmasvarUpameM lIna hone rUpa nizcayasamyakcAritrakI prAptike liye yathAzakti aNuvrata, mahAvrata, samiti, gupti, dharma aura tapa Adi kriyAoM meM jIvakI pravRtti honA vyavahArasamyak cAritra hai / nizcayasamyakcAritrakA apara nAma yathAkhyAtacAritra hai / ise vItarAgacAritra aura karaNAnuyogakI dRSTimeM aupazamika tathA kSAyika cAritra bhI kahA jAtA hai / " inakI prApti jIvoMko upazamazreNI car3hakara 11veM guNasthAnameM pahu~canepara aupazamika cAritrake rUpameM athavA kSapakazreNI car3hakara 12ve guNasthAnameM pahu~cane para kSAyika cAritrake rUpameM hotI hai / parantu 11 veM guNasthAnake aupazamika cAritra aura 12veM guNasthAnake kSAyika cAritra meM itanA antara hai ki upazamazreNI car3hakara 11veM guNasthAna meM pahu~cane vAlA jIva antarmuhUrta ke alpakAlameM hI patanakI ora mur3a jAtA hai / ataH jahA~ usakA aupazamika cAritra tatkAla ( antarmuhUrtameM) samApta ho jAtA hai vahA~ kSapakazreNI car3hakara 12veM guNasthAnameM pahu~cane vAle jIvakA kSAyika cAritra sthAyI rahatA hai aura vaha jIva patanakI ora na mur3a kara antarmuhUrta ke alpakAlameM hI 12veM guNasthAnase 13veM guNasthAna meM pahu~ca kara sarvajJatAko prApta kara letA hai / isI nizcayacAritrakI prAptike liye caturtha guNasthAnakA aviratasamyagdRSTi jIva pA~caveM guNasthAnameM aNuvrata dhAraNa karatA hai tathA aura bhI Age bar3ha kara chaThe guNasthAna meM mahAvrata bhI dhAraNa karatA hai| itanA hI nahIM, ghora tapazcaraNa karake Age bar3hatA huA vaha jIva sAtaveM guNasthAnameM zuddhopayogI bhUmikAko prApta ho kara AtmapariNAmoMkI uttarottara bar3hatI huI yathAyogya vizuddhi ke AdhArapara upazamazreNI yA kSapakazreNI mAr3atA hai| isa taraha kahanA cAhiye ki jaba taka usa jIvako uparyukta nizcayasamyakcAritrakI prApti nahIM ho jAtI hai taba taka vaha pA~caveM aura chaTheM guNasthAnoMmeM to buddhipUrvaka aura sAtaveMse lekara 10 veM takake guNasthAnoMmeM abuddhipUrvaka uparyukta vyavahAracAritrakI pAlanAmeM hI lagA rahatA hai| isa vyavahAracAritrakA bhI apara nAma sarAgacAritra aura karaNAnuyogakI dRSTimeM kSAyopazamika cAritra hai / aNuvrata aura mahAvrata tathA samiti, gupti, dharmaM evaM tapazcaraNa Adi kriyAe~ pUrvokta samyagdarzanase rahita koI-koI mithyAdRSTi jIva bhI karane lagate haiM / itanA hI nahIM, ina kriyAoMko saMlagnatAke sAtha karanese ve yathAsaMbhava svarga meM janma dhAraNa karake naveM graiveyaka taka bhI pahu~ca jAte haiM, parantu yaha bAta dhyAnameM rakhane yogya hai ki ina kriyAoMkI nizcayasamyakcaritrakI prAptipUrvaka mokSaprAptirUpa sArthakatA samyagdarzanake AdhAra para hI huA karatI hai, anyathA nahIM, kyoMki jIva jaba taka mithyAdRSTi banA rahatA hai taba taka usako apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa aura pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAyoMkA kSayopazama honA asaMbhava hai jabaki aNuvrata aura mahAvrata AdirUpa vyavahArasamyak cAritra yathAyogya ina kaSAyoMkA AgamameM batalAyI gayI prakriyAke anusAra kSayopazama honepara hI utpanna hotA hai / isa vivecanase yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki caraNAnuyogameM jo samyagdarzanAdi rUpa nizcaya aura N 1. pravacanasAra, gAthA 7 / 2. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, gAthA 30, 31 /
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________________ 3 /dharma aura siddhAnta : 61 vyavahArake bhedase do prakArake mokSamArgakA kathana milatA hai usakA Azaya nizcayamokSamArgako to mokSakA sAkSAt kAraNa batalAnA hai tathA vyavahAramokSamArgako mokSakA paraMparayA arthAt nizcayamokSamArgakA kAraNa hokara mokSakA kAraNa batalAnA hai| vicAra kara dekhA jAya to yaha Azaya 'mokSamArga' zabdake sAtha lage hue nizcaya aura vyavahAra zabdoMse hI dhvanita hotA hai| isI prakAra nizcayamokSamArgasvarUpa nizcayasamyagdarzana, nizcayasamyagjJAna aura nizcayasamyakacAritrako to kAryarUpa tathA vyavahAramokSamArgasvarUpa vyavahArasamyagdarzana, vyavahArasamyagjJAna aura vyavahArasamyakacAritrako usa nizcayamokSamArgasvarUpa samyagdarzanAdikA kAraNarUpa batalAnA bhI usIkA Azaya hai| yahA~para bhI yadi vicAra karake dekhA jAya to yaha Azaya bhI samyagdarzana Adi zabdoMke sAtha lage hue nizcaya aura vyavahAra zabdoMse hI dhvanita hotA hai| isa taraha jJAta hotA hai ki caraNAnuyogake prakRta prakaraNameM mokSamArga zabdake sAtha lage hue nizcaya aura vyavahAra zabdoMkA kramase kAraNa kI sAkSAdrUpatA aura paraMparArUpatA hI artha hotA hai tathA samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra zabdoMke sAtha lage hue nizcaya aura vyavahAra zabdoMkA kramase nizcayarUpa aura vyavahArarUpa samyagdarzanAdikako kAryarUpatA aura kAraNarUpatA hI artha hotA hai| isa taraha yaha vivecana hameM isa niSkarSapara pahu~cA detA hai ki mokSaprAptike liye jIvako mokSake sAkSAta kAraNabhUta nizcayasamyagdarzana, nizcayasamyagjJAna aura nizcayasamyakcAritrakI tathA paraMparayA kAraNabhUta vyavahArasamyagdarzana, vyavahArasamyagjJAna aura vyavahArasamyakcAritrakI anivArya AvazyakatA hai| aisI sthitimeM jo vyakti nizcayamokSamArgarUpa nizcayasamyagdarzanAdikakI prAptike binA kevala vyavahAramokSamArgarUpa vyavahAra samyagdarzanAdikase hI mokSaprApti kara lenA cAhate haiM, ve galatI para haiM / kAraNa ki uparyukta vivecanake anusAra unheM apane mokSaprApti rUpa uddezyameM saphalatA milanA asaMbhava hai| isI taraha jo vyakti aisA kahate haiM ki "jaba nizcayamokSamArga ke binA mokSakI prApti nahIM ha sakatI hai to nizcayamokSamArgakI prAptikA hI jIvako prayatna karanA cAhiye, vyavahAra mokSamArgake Upara dhyAna deneko kucha bhI AvazyakatA nahIM hai", to ye vyakti bhI galatIpara hai, kyoMki Uparake vivecanase yaha bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jIvako vyavahAramokSamArgapara ArUr3ha hue binA nizcayamokSamArgako prApti honA asaMbhava hai| yaha bAta pUrvameM hI spaSTa kI jA cukI hai ki mokSamArga ke aMgabhUta nizcayasamyakcAritrakI prApti jIvakI aupazamikarUpameM to upazamazreNI mAr3a kara 11veM guNasthAnameM paha~canepara hI hotI hai aura kSAyikarUpameM kSapakazreNI mAr3a kara 12veM guNasthAnameM pahu~canepara hI hotI hai| isa prakAra kahanA cAhiye ki jaba taka jIva upazama yA kSapaka zreNI mAr3akara 11veM athavA 12veM guNasthAnameM nahIM pahu~ca jAtA hai taba taka arthAt 103 guNasthAna taka usake vyavahArasamyakcAritra, jise sarAgacAritra yA karaNAnuyogakI dRSTise kSAyopazamikacAritra kahA jAtA hai, hI rahA karatA hai| isase yaha mAnyatA khaNDita ho jAtI hai ki "vyavahArasamyakcAritrako dhAraNa kiye binA hI nizcayasamyakcAritra kI upalabdhi jIvako saMbhava hai", kAraNa ki aviratasamyagdRSTi jIva yayAyogya guNasthAnakramase bar3hatA huA hI 11veM yA 12veM guNasthAnameM pahuMca kara nizcayasamyakcAritra ko upalabdha kara sakatA hai aura yaha bAta spaSTa kI jA cukI hai ki 10veM guNasthAna taka vyavahArasamyakacAritra hI sarAgacAritra yA yoM kahiye ki kSAyopazamikacAritra ke rUpa meM rahA karatA hai| uparyakta kathanase eka yaha mAnyatA bhI khaNDita ho jAtI hai ki "jisa jIvako nizcayasamyakacAritrakI prApti ho jAtI hai usake vyavahAracAritra ho hI jAtA hai|" kAraNa ki pUrvokta prakArase vyavahArasamyakcAritrakA abhAva ho jAne para hI nizcayasamyaphcAritrakI prApti jIvako hotI hai| kyA koI vyakti isa bAtako svIkAra karegA ki kSAyopazamikacAritrarUpa sarAgacAritra yA vyavahAracAritrakA sadbhAva rahate hue bhI
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________________ 62 : sarasvatI-varadaputra paM0 baMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandana-grantha jIvameM aupazamika yA kSAyikarUpa vItarAgacAritra, yathAkhyAtacAritra yA nizcayacAritra raha sakatA hai ? arthAt koI bhI vyakti isa bAtako svIkAra nahIM karegA aura yahI kAraNa hai ki AcArya amatacandrane samayasAra gAthA 335 kI TIkAmeM vyavahArAcAra sUtrakA uddharaNa dekara vyavahArasamyaka cAritrako taba taka amRtakumbha kahA hai jaba taka jIvako nizcayasamyaka cAritrakI prApti nahIM ho jAtI hai aura bhagavAna kundakundane usI vyavahArasamyakcAritrako taba vizvakumbhakI upamA de dI hai jaba jIvako nizcayasamyakcAritrakI upalabdhi ho jAtI hai| isa taraha yaha bAta nirNIta ho jAtI hai ki jaba taka jIvako nizcayasamyakacAritrakI prApti nahIM ho jAtI hai taba taka mokSaprAptike uddezyase paraMparayA mokSake kAraNabhata vyavahArasamyakcAritrakI niyamase upayogitA hai| lekina tabhI taka vyavahArasamyakacAritrakI upayogitA hai jaba taka jIvako nizcayasamyakcAritrakI prApti nahIM ho jAtI hai, Age nhiiN| aba Age isa bAta para vicAra kiyA jAtA hai ki AgamameM nizcayamokSamArgako jo bhUtArtha, sadbhUta, vAstavika yA satyArtha Adi nAmoMse pukArA jAtA hai aura vyavahAramokSamArgako jo abhUtArtha, asadbhUta, avAstavika yA asatyArtha Adi nAmoMse pukArA jAtA hai, to isameM AgamakA abhiprAya kyA hai ? AgamameM nizcayamokSamArgako jo bhUtArtha Adi nAmoMse pukArA jAtA hai isameM AgamakA abhiprAya itanA hI lenA cAhiye ki nizcayamokSamArgakI isase sAkSAt kAraNatAkA bodha ho jAtA hai aura caMki mokSakI sAkSAt kAraNatAkA vyavahAramokSamArgameM abhAva pAyA jAtA hai, kAraNa ki usameM to paraMparayA hI kAraNatA pAyI jAtI hai / ataH use abhUtArtha Adi nAmoMse pukArA jAtA hai| lekina isakA yaha artha kadApi nahIM lenA cAhiye ki "vyavahAramokSamArgako mokSakI prAptimeM kucha bhI upayogitA nahIM hai, vaha to vahA~ para sarvathA akicitkara hI hai", kAraNa ki pUrvokta prakArase vyavahAramokSamArga mokSaprAptimeM paraMparayA kAraNa ni yamase hotA hai| isa taraha vyavahAramokSamArga, mokSaprAptikI sAkSAt kAraNatAkA abhAva rahanese jahA~ abhatArthatA Adi dharma siddha hote haiM vahA~ usameM mokSaprAptikI paraMparayA kAraNatAkA sadabhAva rahanese bhatArthatA Adi dharma bhI siddha hote haiN| isa taraha kahanA cAhiye ki nizcayamokSamArga to sarvathA bhUtArtha Adi hai kyoMki usameM mokSakI sAkSAt kAraNatA vidyamAna hai aura vyavahAramokSamArga kathaMcit bhUtArtha Adi haiM kyoMki usameM mokSakI paraMparayA kAraNatA vidyamAna hai aura kathaMcit abhUtArtha Adi bhI haiM kyoMki usameM mokSako sAkSAt kAraNatAkA abhAva hai| isa taraha ise sarvathA abhUtArtha to nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai, kAraNa ki jaba pUrvokta prakArase vyavahArasamyakcAritrakA sadbhAva 10veM guNasthAna taka mAnanA anivArya hai, 11veM aura 12veM guNasthAnameM hI nizcayasamyakacAritrakI upalabdhi jIvako hotI hai to ise mokSakA sarvathA akAraNa kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai, jisase ki ise sarvathA abhUtArtha Adi mAnA jA sake ? isa kathanakA tAtparya yaha hai ki mokSaprAptike sAkSAt kAraNabhUta nizcayamokSamArgakI prApti kisI bhI jIvako vyavahAramokSamArgako apanAye binA saMbhava nahIM hai| arthAt nizcayamokSamArgakI prAptike liye pratyeka jIvako hara hAlatameM vyavahAramokSamArga ko apanAnA hI hogaa| itanA spaSTIkaraNa ho jAneke bAda jo vyakti vyavahAramokSamArgako saMsArakA kAraNa mAnate haiM ve bahata 1. apaDikamaNaM aparisaraNaM appaDihAro adhAraNA ceva / aNiyattI ya aNidA'garuhA'sohI ya visakuMbho // 1 // paDikamaNaM parisaraNaM parihAro dhAraNA NiyattI ya / jiMdA garuhA sohI aTTaviho amayakuMbho du||2|| -vyavahArAcArasUtra 2. samayasAra, gAthA, 306-307 /
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________________ 3/ dharma aura siddhAnta : 63 bhArI bhUla karate haiN| kAraNa ki saMsArake mukhya kAraNa to mohanIya karmake udayase hone vAle mithyAdarzana, mithyAjJAna aura mithyAcAritra hI haiM tathA vyavahAra arthAta kSAyopazamika mokSamArgameM dezaghAtI prakRtiyoMkA udaya na rahatA hai vaha yadyapi saMsArakA kAraNa hotA hai lekina usameM (kSAyopazamika mokSamArgameM) jitanA aMza yathAvidhi upazama yA kSayake rUpameM sarvaghAtI karmake udayAbhAvarUpa rahA karatA hai vaha kabhI saMsArakA kAraNa nahIM hotA haiM / ' yahI kAraNa hai ki dezaghAtI prakRtike prabhAvase aisA jIva mara kara uttama gatimeM hI janma liyA karatA hai aura paraMparayA usa dezaghAtI prakRtike prabhAvako samApta karake mokSa bhI prApta kara letA hai| nizcayamokSamArgakI sarvathA bhUtArthatA aura vyavahAra mokSamArgako kathaMcit bhUtArthatA aura kathaMcit abhUtArthatAko siddhimeM eka tarka yaha bhI hai ki nizcayamokSamArga sarvathA bandhakA akAraNa hai jabaki vyavahAramokSamArga pUrvokta prakArase kathaMcita bandhakA akAraNa hai aura kathaMcita bandhakA kAraNa bhI hai| ataH muktikA sarvathA kAraNa honese nizcayamokSamArgako sarvathA bhatArtha Adi kahanA ucita hai aura kathaMcit bandhakA kAraNa tathA kathaMcit bandhakA akAraNa honese jaba vyavahAramokSamArga meM kathaMcit saMsArakI kAraNatA aura kathaMcita muktikI kAraNatA siddha ho jAtI hai to eka prakArase use muktikI kathaMcit akAraNatAke AdhArapara kathaMcit avAstavika yA abhUtArtha Adi mAnanA tathA muktiko kathaMcit kAraNatAke AdhAra para kathaMcit vAstavika yA bhUtArtha Adi mAnanA hI ucita hai / use sarvathA abhUtArtha mAnanA to bilakula anucita hai, kyoMki sarvathA abhUtArthatA to saMsArake sarvathA kAraNabhUta yA mokSake sarvathA akAraNabhUta mithyAdarzana, mithyAjJAna aura mithyAcAritrameM siddha hotI hai| yadi vyavahAra arthAta kSAyopazamika mokSamArgameM sarvathA abhatArthatA svIkAra kI jAyagI to phira usakA mithyAdarzanAdikI apekSA bheda hI kyA raha jAyegA ? arthAt kucha bheda nahIM raha jaaygaa| karaNAnuyogameM nizcaya aura vyavahAra zabdoMkA artha isa lekhake ArambhameM hama kaha Aye haiM ki karaNAnuyoga vaha hai jisameM jIvoMkI pApa, puNya aura dharmamaya pariNatiyoM tathA unake kAraNoMkA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai aura Age cala kara eka sthAna para hama yaha bhI kaha Aye haiM ki AtmAkA svabhAva jJAyakapanA arthAta vizvake samasta padArthoMko dekhane-jAnanekI zakti rUpa hai| prakRtameM jo kucha vivecana kiyA gayA hai vaha saba isake AdhAra para hI kiyA gayA hai| uparyukta prakAra jJAyakapanA AtmAkA svataHsiddha svabhAva hai| isaliye isa AdhAra para eka to AtmAkA svataMtra aura anAdi-nidhana astitva siddha hotA hai, dUsare, jisa prakAra AkAza apane svataHsiddha avagAhaka svabhAvake AdhAra para vizvakI sampUrNa vastuoMko apane udarameM eka sAtha hamezA samAye hae raha rahA hai usI prakAra AtmAko bhI apane svataHsiddha jJAyaka svabhAvake AdhAra para vizvakI saMpUrNa vastuoMko eka sAtha hamezA dekhate-jAnate rahanA cAhiye, parantu jo jIva anAdikAlase saMsAra-paribhramaNa karate hue abhI bhI isI cakrameM phaMse hue haiM unhoMne anAdikAlase abhI taka na to kabhI vizvakI saMpUrNa vastuoMko eka sAtha dekhA-jAnA hai aura na ve abhI bhI unheM eka sAtha dekha-jAna pA rahe haiN| itanA hI nahIM, ina saMsArI jIvoMmeM eka to taratamabhAvase jJAnakI mAtrA alpa hI pAyI jAtI hai| dUsare, jitanI mAtrAmeM inameM jJAna pAyA jAtA hai vaha bhI indriyAdika anya sAdhanoMkI adhInatAmeM hI haA karatA hai| eka bAta aura hai ki ye saMsArI jIva padArthoM ko dekhane-jAnaneke 1. puruSArthasiddhayupAya, zloka 212, 213, 214 / 2. pravacanasAra, gAthA, 11-12 / 3. puruSArthasiddhayupAya, zloka 29 /
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________________ 64 : sarasvatI varadaputra paM0 baMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandana grantha pazcAt una jAne hue padArthoMmeM iSTapana yA aniSTapanakI kalpanArUpa moha kiyA karate haiM aura taba ve iSTa kalpanA ke viSayabhUta padArthoMmeM prItirUpa rAga tathA aniSTa kalpanAke viSayabhUta padArthoMmeM aprIti (ghRNA) rUpa dveSa satata kiyA karate haiM jisakA pariNAma yaha hotA hai ki unheM satata iSTa kalpanAke viSayabhUta padArthoMkI prApti meM to harSa huA karatA hai tathA aniSTa kalpanAke viSayabhUta padArthoMkI aprApti meM aura iSTa kalpanAke viSayabhUta padArthoM kI aprApti meM viSAda huA karatA hai| yadi kinhIM - kinhIM jIvoMko isa prakArase harSa aura viSAda na bhI ho, to bhI aise jIva bhI jaba zarIrakI adhInatAmeM hI raha rahe haiM aura unakA apanA zarIra bhI kinhIM dUsare padArthoM kI adhInatA svIkAra kie hue hai to aisI sthitimeM zarIra ke liye upayogI Avazyaka padArthoMkI prApti va aprApti meM athavA zarIrake liye pIr3AkAraka padArthoM kI aprApti meM aura prAptimeM unheM bhI kramase sukha va duHkhakA saMvedana huA karatA hai / isake atirikta sabhI saMsArI jIva anAdikAlase abhI taka kabhI deva, kabhI manuSya, kabhI tiryaMca aura kabhI nAraka bhI hue haiM / kabhI ekendriya, kabhI dvIndriya, kabhI trIindriya, kabhI caturindriya aura kabhI paMcendriya bhI hue haiM / isI taraha kabhI manarahita asaMjJI aura kabhI manasahita saMjJI bhI hue haiM / inhoMne kabhI pRthvIkA, kabhI jalakA, kabhI tejakA, kabhI vAyukA aura kabhI vanaspatikA bhI zarIra dhAraNa kiyA hai| hama yaha bhI dekhate haiM ki eka hI zreNIke jIvoMke zarIroMmeM bhI paraspara vilakSaNatA pAyI jAtI hai / sAtha hI koI jIva lokameM prabhAvazAlI dekhe jAte haiM aura koI jIva prabhAvahIna bhI dekhe jAte haiM / eka jIva meM uccatAkA aura eka jIvameM nIcatAkA bhI vyavahAra lokameM dekhA jAtA hai / isI prakAra pratyeka jIvako janma-maraNa bhI dhAraNa karanA par3a rahA hai / yaha saba kyoM ho rahA hai ? isakA samAdhAna Agama-granthoMmeM isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai ki pratyeka saMsArI jIva apane svataH siddha jAnane-dekhaneke svabhAvako na chor3ate hue bhI anAdikAlase svarNa-pASANakI taraha paudfor karmoMke sAtha sambaddha ( mizrita) yAnI ekakSetrAvagAhIrUpase ekamekapaneko prApta ho rahA hai / " ye karma jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya, mohanIya, Ayu, nAma, gotra aura antarAyake bhedase ATha prakArake Agama meM batalAye gaye haiM / AgamameM yaha bhI batalAyA gayA hai ki jJAnAvaraNakarmakA kArya jIvakI jAnane kI zaktiko AvRta karanA hai, darzanAvaraNakarmakA kArya jIvakI dekhanekI zaktiko AvRta karanA hai, vedanIyakarmakA kArya jIvako parapadArthoMke AdhArapara yathAyogya sukha aura duHkhakA saMvedana karAnA hai, mohanIyakarmakA kArya jIvako parapadArthoM ke AdhAra para mohI, rAgI aura dveSI banAkara ucita-anucitake bhedase rahita pravRttiyoM meM vyavahRta karAnA hai, AyukarmakA kArya jIvako prApta zarIrameM sImita kAla taka roka rakhanA hai, nAmakarmakA kArya jIvako manuSyAdirUpatA prApta karAnA hai, gotrakarmakA kArya kula, zarIra aura AcaraNa Adike AdhArapara jIvameM uccatA- nIcatAkA vyavahAra karAnA hai aura antarAyakarmakA kArya jIvakI svAvalambana zaktikA ghAta karanA hai / karaNAnuyogakI vyavasthA yaha hai ki ina saba prakArake karmoMko jIva hamezA apane vikArI bhAvoM (pariNAmoM dvArA bA~dhatA hai aura taba ye karma jovake sAtha ba~dha kara usameM sImita kAlake liye apanI sattA banA 1. gommaTasAra karmakANDa, gAthA 2 / 2. vahI, gAthA 8 / 3. kisa karmakA kyA kArya hai, isakI sAmAnya jAnakArIke liye gommaTasAra karmakANDakI gAthA 10 se gAthA 33 taka dekhanA cAhiye / 4. samayasAra, gAthA 80 1
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________________ 3/ dharma aura siddhAnta : 65 lete haiM tathA antameM udayameM Akara arthAt jIvako apanA phalAnubhava karAkara ye karma to nirjarita ho jAte haiN| lekina usa phalAnubhavase prabhAvita hokara apane utpanna vikArI bhAvoM dvArA vaha jIva dUsare isI tarahake navIna karmoMse punaH ba~dha jAtA hai / ye karma udayameM Akara apanA phalAnubhava jisa rUpameM jIvako karAte haiM vaha jIvakA audayika bhAva kahalAtA hai kyoMki jIvakA usa rUpa bhAva usa karmakA udaya honepara hI hotA hai, anyathA nhiiN| kadAcit koI jIva apane meM sattAko prApta yathAyogya kisI karmako apane puruSArtha dvArA isa taraha zaktihIna banA detA hai ki vaha karma apanI phaladAnazaktiko surakSita rakhate hue bhI jIvako eka antarmuhUrtake liye phala denemeM (udayameM) asamartha ho jAtA hai, karmakI isa avasthAkA nAma upazama hai aura isake hone para jIvakI jo avasthA hotI hai use jIvakA aupazamika bhAva kahate hai| kadacit koI jIva apane puruSArtha dvArA karmako sarvathA zaktihIna banA detA hai, jisase vaha karma usa jIvase apanA sambandha sarvathA samUla vichinna kara letA hai / karmako isa avasthAkA nAma kSaya hai aura isake hone para jIvakI jo avasthA hotI hai use jIvakA kSAyika bhAva kahate haiN| isI prakAra kadAcit koI jIva apanA puruSArtha isa taraha karatA hai ki karmake kucha aMza (dezaghAtI rUpa) to udaya rUpa raheM, kucha aMza (sarvaghAtI rUpa) udayAbhAvI kSayarUpa ho jAveM aura kucha aMza (sarvaghAtIrUpa) sadavasthArUpa upazamakI sthitiko prApta ho jAveM to isakA nAma karmakI kSayopazama avasthA hai aura isake hone para jIvakI jo avasthA hotI hai use jIvakA kSAyopazamika bhAva kahate hai / kSAyopazamika bhAvakA apara nAma mizra bhAva bhI hai| isa prakAra kahanA cAhiye ki karmoke yathAyogya udaya, upazama, kSaya aura kSayopazama hone para jIvakI avasthAyeM bhI kramazaH audayika, aupazamika, kSAyika aura kSAyopazamikarUpa ho jAyA karatI hai| aba inameM yadi kAraNatAkI vyavasthAkI jAya to kahA jA sakatA hai----jIvakI ina audayikAdi avasthAoMkI utpattimeM karma to apanI udayAdi avasthAoMke AdhArapara vyavahArakAraNa hotA hai aura jIva svayaM nizcayakAraNa hai| jaisA ki nayacakrakI nimnalikhita gAthAse spaSTa hotA haiM "baMdhe ca mokkha heU aNNo vavahArado ya nnaayvvo| Nicchayado puNa jIvo bhaNido khalu savvadarisIhiM // 235 // arthAta bandha aura mokSameM anya arthAta karma apanI yathAyogya udaya, upazama, kSaya aura kSayopazamarUpa avasthAoMke AdhAra para vyavahArarUpase kAraNa hotA hai aura jIva nizcayarUpase kAraNa hotA hai| yahA~ para "karma vyavahArarUpase kAraNa hotA hai" isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki karma nimitta yA sahAyakarUpase kAraNa hotA hai aura "jIva nizcayarUpase kAraNa hotA hai| isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki jIva upAdAnarUpase kAraNa hotA hai| isa prakAra kahanA cAhiye ki ukta gAthA dvArA karma meM jIvake bandha aura mokSakI utpattike prati yathAyogya udaya, upazama, kSaya aura kSayopazamake AdhArapara nimittakAraNatAkA sadbhAva siddha 1. vipAko'nubhavaH / sa yathAnAma / tatazca nirjarA / tattvArthasUtra 8 / 21, 22, 23 / 2. paMcAdhyAyI, 2067 / dhavalA pustaka 1 pRSTha 212 / 3. paMcAdhyAyI, 21968 / paMcAstikAya, gAthA 58 tathA usakI TIkA 4. paMcAdhyAyo, 2-969 / dhavala, pustaka 1, pR0 212 / 5. vahI, 21966 / 6. vahI, 21962 /
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________________ 66 sarasvatI varadaputra paM0 vaMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandana-pratya hotA hai tathA jIva svayaM apane usa bandha aura mokSake prati upAdAna kAraNa hotA hai / isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki jaba karmakI udaya, upazama, kSaya athavA kSayopazamarUpa avasthAeM hotI haiM taba jIva apanI vikArI yogyatA ke kAraNa kramaza: audayika, aupazamika, kSAyika athavA kSAyopazamika avasthAoMke rUpameM apanI pariNati banA letA hai| yAnI jIva ina audayikAdi pariNatiyoMke rUpameM pariNata ho jAyA karatA hai, karma to apanI udayAdi avasthAoMke AdhArapara AtmAkI una avasthAoM kI utpatti meM sahAyaka mAtra huA karatA hai / " arthAt karmakI koI pariNati yahA~para jIvakI pariNati bana jAtI ho-aisI bAta nahIM hai / "upAdIyata anena" isa vigrahake AdhArapara 'upa' upasarga pUrvaka AdAnArthaka "A" upasarga viziSTa 'dA' dhAtuse kartAke artha meM 'lyuT' pratyaya hokara upAdAna zabda niSpanna huA hai, jisakA artha yaha hotA hai ki jo kAryarUpa pariNata ho use upAdAna kahate haiN| isI prakAra "nimeyati" isa vigrahake AdhArapara 'ni' upasarga pUrvaka snehArthaka 'mid' dhAtuse kartA ke artha meM 'kta' pratyaya hokara 'nimitta' zabda niSpanna huA hai / 'mitra' zabda bhI isI snehArthaka 'mid' dhAtuse 'ka' pratyaya hokara niSpanna huA hai / isa taraha kahanA cAhiye ki jo mitrake samAna upAdAnakA snehana kare arthAt upAdAnako usakI apanI pariNatimeM mitrake samAna sahayoga pradAna kare vaha nimitta kahalAtA hai| yadyapi yahA~para yaha bAta dhyAna dene yogya hai ki upAdAna svayaM kAryarUpa pariNata honeke kAraNa "svAdhito nizcaya:" isa AgamavAkya ke anusAra use kAryakA nizcayakAraNa mAnanA ucita hai aura kAryarUpa pariNata na hokara upAdAnako usakI apanI kAryarUpa pariNatimeM sahayoga mAtra deneke kAraNa "parAjito vyava hAraH 4 isa AgamavAkyake anusAra nimittako kAryakA vyavahArakAraNa mAnanA ucita hai, parantu sAtha hI yaha bAta bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai ki upAdAna aura nimitta donoM kAraNoMmeM nizcayakAraNatA aura vyavahArakAraNatAkA antara rahate hue bhI kAryakI utpatti meM donoM hI kAraNa upayogI siddha hote haiM / isaliye jisa prakAra upAdAna kAraNako nizcayakAraNake rUpameM bhUtArtha, sadbhUta, vAstavika yA satyArtha kahA jAtA hai usI prakAra nimittakAraNako bhI vyavahArakAraNake rUpameM bhUtArthaM sadbhUta, vAstavika yA satyArtha kahA jAnA ayukta nahIM hai, kyoMki jisa prakAra upAdAnakA kAryarUpa pariNata honA vAstavika hai usI prakAra nimittakA upAdAnakI kAryarUpa pariNatimeM sahAyaka honA bhI vAstavika hai| itanI bAta avazya hai ki cUMki nimitta upAdAnakI taraha kAryarUpa pariNata nahIM hotA, ataH isa dRSTise usameM yadi abhUtArthatA Adi dharmokA sadbhAva mAnA jAya to yaha bhI asaMgata nahIM hai| isa prakAra kahanA cAhiye ki upAdAna cUMki kAryarUpa pariNata hotA hai isaliye sarvathA bhUtArtha Adi hai aura nimitta cUMki kAryarUpa pariNata nahIM hotA, isaliye to kathacit abhUtArtha Adi hai lekina upAdAnakI kAryarUpa pariNatimeM sahAyaka hotA hai, ataH kathaMcit bhUtArthaM Adi bhI hai| ataH jo vyakti nimittako kAryotpatti meM sarvathA akiMcitkara mAnakara use sarvathA abhUtArtha Adi mAna lenA cAhate haiM unakA yaha prayAsa galata hI hai / anubhavameM yaha bAta AtI hai ki upAdAnakI kAryapariNatimeM nimittake sahayogakI anivArya rUpase sarvadA apekSA rahA karatI hai aura pratyakSa dekhane meM AtA hai ki jaba taka upAdAnako AvazyakatAnusAra svAbhA 1. puruSArthasiddhayupAya, zloka 13 / 2. samayasAra, gAthA 86 kI TIkAmeM AcArya amRtacandra dvArA " yaH pariNamati sa kartA " Adi padyoM dvArA yahI Azaya vyakta kiyA gayA hai| 3-4. samayasAra gAthA 273 kI samayasAra - TIkA / ,
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________________ 3 / dharma aura siddhAnta : 67 vika rUpase athavA puruSakRta prayatna dvArA nimittakA sahayoga prApta nahIM hotA hai taba taka upAdAna kAryarUpa pariNata nahIM hotA hai / isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki nimitta upAdAna meM kAryotpattike liye usakI kAryotpatti na ho sakane rUpa asAmarthyakA niyamase bhedana karane vAlA hai / AgamameM bhI isa bAtako spaSTa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai ki nimitta kAryotpatti meM yadi upAdAnase kAryotpatti na ho sakane rUpa asAmarthyakA bhedana nahIM karatA hai to phira use nimitta kahanA hI asatya hogA / " isaliye jo mahAnubhAva kahate haiM ki "kArya to upAdAna svayaM apanI sAmarthya se hI utpanna kara letA hai usameM usako nimittake sahayogakI bilkula apekSA nahIM rahA karatI hai, vaha to vahA~ para sarvathA akiMcitkara hI banA rahatA hai," to unakA aisA kahanA galata hI hai / sAtha hI jo vyakti vyavahAravimUr3ha hokara aisA kahate haiM ki "nimitta apane rUpakA samarpaNa kArya meM karatA hai," to unakA aisA kahanA bhI galata haiM / kAraNa ki nimitta yadi kArya meM apanA rUpa samarpita karane laga jAya to phira nimittameM upAdAnakI apekSA antara hI kyA raha jAyagA ? arthAt aisI sthitimeM nimitta svayaM hI upAdAna bana jAyagA aura taba use nimitta kahanA hI asaMgata hogA / vedAnta aura cArvAka darzanoMmeM yahI bAta batalAyI gayI hai ki vedAntake matAnusAra citse acitkI utpatti hotI hai aura cArvAkake matAnusAra acitse citkI utpatti hotI hai arthAt vedAnta citko aci tkA aura cArvAka acitko citkA upAdAna kAraNa mAnate haiM / jainadarzana ina donoM hI mAnyatAoMkA khaNDana karatA hai, kAraNa ki jainadarzanakA yaha siddhAnta hai ki eka dravya kabhI dUsare dravyarUpa pariNata nahIM hotA aura na kabhI eka dravyake guNa-dharma hI kisI anya dravyameM saMkramita hote haiM / lekina vedAnta aura cArvAkakI ukta mAnyatAoMkA khaNDana karatA huA bhI jainadarzana citko acitkI pariNati tathA acitko citkI pariNatimeM nimitta kAraNa avazya mAnatA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki AcArya kundakundane samayasAra meM ina donoM bAtoM kA vistArase vivecana kiyA hai / arthAt samayasArameM sthAnasthAnapara yahI bAta dekhaneko milatI hai ki usameM jahA~ eka vastumeM dUsarI vastukI upAdAnakAraNatAke sadbhAva kA dRr3hatA ke sAtha niSedha kiyA gayA hai vahA~ utanI hI dRr3hatAke sAtha eka vastumeM dUsarI vastu kI nimitta - kAraNatAMkA samarthana bhI kiyA gayA hai aura yaha bAta hama pUrvameM spaSTa hI kara cuke haiM ki nimittakAraNatA upAdAnakAraNatAke rUpameM abhUtArthaM, asadbhUta, avAstavika aura asatyArthaM hote hue bhI svayaM apane rUpameM to vaha bhUtArtha, sadbhUta, vAstavika aura satyArtha hI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki AcArya vidyAnandane tattvArthazlokavArtikameM tattvArtha sUtra ke prathama adhyAyake sUtra 7 kI vyAkhyA karate hue vArtika zloka 13 ke antargata pRSTha. 51 para sahakArI -- nimitta kAraNakI upAdAnakI kAryapariNati meM sahakAritArUpase pAramArthikatA ( vAstavikatA ) ko spaSTa rUpase svIkAra kiyA hai / " 1. tadasAmarthyamakhaNDayadakacitkaraM ki sahakArikAraNaM syAt ? - AntamImAMsA kArikA, 10 kI aSTazatI - TIkA / 2. jo jamhi guNe davve so aNNamhi du Na saMkamadi dabve / --samayasAra, gAthA 103 kA pUrvArddha / 3. puruSArthasiddhyupAya, zloka 12, 13 / 4. samayasAra, gAthA 80, 81 / 5. kramabhuvoH paryAyayorekadravya pratyAsatterupAdAnopAdeyatvasya vacanAt / na caivaMvidhaH kAryakAraNabhAvaH siddhAntaviruddhaH / sahakArikAraNena kAryasya kathaM tatsyAdekadravyapratyAsatterabhAvAditi cet ? kAlapratyAsattivizeSAt tatsiddhiH / yadanantaraM hi yadavazyaM bhavati tattasya kAraNamitaratkArya miti pratItam / tadevaM vyavahAranayasamAzrayaNe kAryakAraNabhAvo dviSThaH sambandhaH saMyoga- samavAyAdivat pratItisiddhatvAt pAramArthika eva, na punaH kalpanAropitaH, sarvathApyanavadyatvAta /
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________________ 68 : sarasvatI - varavaputra paM0 vaMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandana grantha yahA~para upAdAnakAraNatA aura nimittakAraNatAke svarUpakA, unakI kramase nizcayarUpatA aura vyavahArarUpatAkA evaM donoMkI apane-apane rUpameM vAstavikatAkA jo vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai, usakA prakRta meM upayoga yaha hai ki jIvakI pUrvokta audathika, aupazamika, kSAyika aura kSAyopazamika pariNatiyoMke prati karmameM jo udayAdikake AdhArapara kAraNatA vidyamAna hai vaha to vyavahAra rUpase arthAt nimittarUpase hai aura jIva svayaM meM una audayikAdi pariNatiyoMke prati jo kAraNatAe~ vidyamAna haiM ve nizcayarUpase arthAt upAdAnarUpase haiM tathA sAtha hI ye donoM hI kAraNatAyeM apane-apane rUpameM bhUtArtha, sadbhUta, vAstavika aura satyArtha hI haiM kyoMki jisa prakAra ukta audayikAdi pariNatiyoMke prati jIva svayaMkI upAdAnakAraNatA pUrvokta prakArase kalpanAropita nahIM hai usI prakAra jIvakI una audayikAdi pariNatiyoMke prati apanI udayAdipariNatiyoMke AdhArapara sahayogI honeke kAraNa karmameM vidyamAna nimittakAraNatA bhI kalpanAropita nahIM hai / itanA avazya hai ki cU~ki upAdAnakAraNa honeke sababa jIva hI kAryarUpa pariNata hotA hai, isaliye upAdAnakAraNatA to sarvathA bhUtArtha Adi hai, lekina nimittakAraNa honeke sakya cUMki karma svayaM kAryarUpa pariNata nahIM hotA, isaliye vaha kathaMcit abhUtArtha Adi hai phira bhI upAdAnabhUta jIvakI kAryabhUta audayikAdi pariNatiyoMmeM apanI udayAdipariNatiyoMke AdhArapara vaha sahAyaka avazya hotA hai, ataH vaha sahAyakapanekI apekSA kathaMcit bhUtArthaM Adi bhI hai| yahA~ para itanA avazya dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye ki jIvakI audayikAdi pariNatiyoM ke prati jo karmaniSTha nimittakAraNatA hai vaha usakI udayAdi pariNatiyoMko chor3akara aura kucha nahIM hai arthAt karmakA udaya, upazama, kSaya aura kSayopazamarUpase pariNata honA hI jIvakI audayika, aupazamika, kSAyika aura kSAyopazamika paritiyoM ke prati karmakI kramazaH nimittakAraNatA hai / aisA nahIM samajhanA cAhiye ki karmakI udayAdikaparigatiyA~ alaga haiM aura jIvakI audayikAdi pariNatiyoMke prati usameM ( karma meM ) vidyamAna nimittakAraNatA alaga hai / isIliye yadi isa tarahase vicAra kiyA jAya to karmako udayAdika pariNatiyA~ usakI apanI svAzrita yA svAtmabhUta pariNatiyA~ honeke kAraNa jahA~ "svAzrito nizcayaH " isa AgamavAkyake AdhArapara usake freers haiM vahA~ karmakI ve hI pariNatiyA~ jIvakI audayikAdi pariNatiyoMke prati yathAyogya rUpameM nimittakAraNatAkA rUpa dhAraNa kara lenese "parAzrito vyavahAraH " isa AgamavAkyake AdhArapara nimittakAraNatAke rUpameM usake vyavahAradharma bhI haiM / aba aisI hAlata meM bhI yadi nimittakAraNatAkI bhUtArthatA Adike viSaya meM vicAra kiyA jAya to yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki jIvakI audayikAdi pariNatiyoMke prati karma meM vidyamAna nimittakAraNatA jahA~ usa karmakI udayAdi pariNatiyoMke rUpameM bhUtArtha, sadbhUta, vAstavika yA satyArtha dharma hai vahIM usakA karma meM udayAdi pariNatiyoMse pRthak svataMtra astitva na rahaneke kAraNa vaha karmakA abhUtArtha, asadbhUta, avAstavika yA asatyArtha dharma bhI hai / isa tarahase bhI jIvakI audayikAdi pariNatiyoMke prati karmaniSTha nimittakAraNatA usa karmakA kathaMcit vAstavika aura kathaMcit avAstika dharma hI siddha hotI hai / gadheke sIMga - kI taraha use sarvathA abhUtArtha Adike rUpameM kadApi nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai / isa kathanako nicor3a yaha hai ki jIvakI jo audayika, aupazamika, kSAyika aura kSAyopazamika rUpa pariNatiyA~ huA karatI haiM ve saba pariNatiyA~ jIvakI apanI hI pariNatiyA~ haiM / isaliye jIva ina pariNatiyoMkA upAdAnakAraNa yA nizcayakAraNa hotA hai| sAtha hI ye sabhI pariNatiyA~ kramazaH karmake udaya, upazama, kSaya aura kSayopazamake honepara hI hotI haiM, isaliye karma jIvakI ina audayikAdi pariNatiyoMkA apanI udayAdika pariNatiyoM ke AdhAra para nimittakAraNa yA vyavahArakAraNa hotA hai / cU~ki karmake udayAdikake abhAva meM jIvakI ye audayikAdi pariNatiyA~ kadApi nahIM hotI haiM, ataH karmako jIvakI ina pariNatiyoMmeM akiMcitkara
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________________ 3/dharma aura siddhAnta : 69 yA nirupayogI mAnanA mithyA hai aura caki karmakI koI pariNati kadApi jIvakI pariNati nahIM banatI hai, isalie karmako jIvakI audayikAdi pariNatiyoMkA upAdAnakAraNa yA nizcayakAraNa mAnanA bhI mithyA hai / isa prakAra aba takake vivecanase yaha bAta acchI taraha samajhameM A jAnI cAhiye ki caraNAnuyogake prakaraNameM mokSakAryakI dRSTise jo nizcayamokSamArga aura vyavahAramokSamArgakA kathana kiyA gayA hai vaha kathana nizcaya aura vyavahAra zabdoMke AdhArapara kramazaH nizcayamokSamArgameM mokSakI sAkSAta kAraNatAke aura vyavahAramokSamArgameM mokSakI paraMparayA kAraNatAke astitvakA hI bodha karAtA hai| isI prakAra vahIM para jo nizcayasamyagdarzana, nizcayasamyagjJAna aura nizcayasamyakcAritrakA tathA vyavahArasamyagdarzana, vyavahArasamyagjJAna, aura vyavahArasamyakcAritrakA kathana kiyA gayA hai vaha kathana bhI nizcaya aura vyavahAra zabdoMke AdhAra para kramazaH nizcayasamyagdarzanAdimeM to kAryatAke aura vyavahArasamyagdarzanAdikameM kAraNatAke astitvakA hI bodha karAtA hai| isake atirikta karaNAnayogake prakaraNameM jIvake bandha aura mokSarUpa athavA jIvakI audayikAdipariNatirUpa kArya aura usake abhAvarUpakAraNakI dRSTi se jo nayacakrakI uparyukta 235 vIM gAthAke anusAra nizcayakAraNa aura vyavahArakAraNake rUpameM do kAraNoMkA kathana kiyA gayA hai vaha kathana nizcayazabdake AdhAra para jIva svayaMmeM upAdAnakAraNatAke aura vyavahArazabdake AdhAra para karmameM yathAyogya udayAdirUpase nimittakAraNatAke astitvakA hI bodha karAtA hai / aba Age hama isa viSaya para vicAra karanA cAhate haiM ki dravyAnuyogameM nizcaya aura vyavahAra zabdoMkA kyA artha grahaNa kiyA gayA hai ? dravyAnuyogameM nizcaya aura vyavahAra zabdoMkA artha lekhake prArambhameM hamane yaha bhI kahA hai ki dravyAnuyoga vaha hai jisameM vizvakI saMpUrNa vastuoMke pRthakpRthak astitvako batalAnevAle svataH siddha svarUpa evaM unake pariNamanoMkA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ prakRta viSaya para isIko AdhAra banAkara vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai| - jainAgamameM batalAyA gayA hai ki pRthaka-pRthak apanI-apanI svataMtra sadrUpatA hI vastukA lakSaNa hai| pratyeka vastukI yaha sadUpatA svataMtra tabhI mAnI jA sakatI hai jabaki vaha svataH siddha ho, ataH kahanA cAhiye ki pratyeka vastukI apanI-apanI sadrUpatA svataHsiddha hai aura jaba pratyeka vastukI sadrUpatA svataHsiddha hai to isa AdhAra para pratyeka vastumeM nimnalikhita cAra vizeSatAeM anAyAsa siddha ho jAtI haiN| pratyeka vastu anAdi hai (anAdikAlase rahatI A rahI hai), anadhina hai (anantakAla taka rahane vAlI hai), svAzrita hai, (svAvalambanapUrNa hai) aura akhaNDa hai (apane-apane svarUpake sAtha tAdAtmyako liye hue hai|) isa viSayako paMcAdhyAyImeM nimna prakArase spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ___ "tattvaM sallAkSaNika sanmAtraM vA yataH svataH siddham / tasmAdanAdi-nidhanaM svasahAyaM nivikalpaM ca // 1-8 // " isa prakAra vizvameM apanI-apanI pRthak-pRthak svataHsiddha sadrUpatAko prApta saMpUrNa vastuoMkI saMkhyA anantAnanta hai / inameM bhI jIvoMkI saMkhyA anantAnanta hai, pudgala jIvoMkI saMkhyAse bhI anantAnanta guNe haiM, kAla asaMkhyAta hai aura dharma, adharma tathA AkAza eka-eka hai| isa prakAra ye sabhI anantAnanta vastue~ sAmAnyarUpase jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla nAmake chaha dravya prakAroMmeM samAviSTa hotI haiN| 1. sarvArthasiddhi-TIkA-1-29 / 2. ajIvakAyA dharmAdharmAkAzapudgalAH / dravyANi / jIvAzca / kAlazca |-tttvaarthsuutr 5-1, 2, 3, 39 /
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________________ 70 : sarasvatI - varavaputra paM0 baMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandana grantha / pratyeka vastumeM apane-apane pRthak-pRthak anantaguNa vidyamAna haiM vastukA jo eka guNa haiM vaha usakA kabhI anya guNa nahIM ho sakatA hai| ananta hI siddha hotI hai / inheM dharmaM yA svabhAva bhI kahate haiM / " isa taraha pratyeka vastumeM guNoMkI saMkhyA pratyeka vastu aura pratyeka vastukA pratyeka guNa pariNamanazIla hai isakA yaha abhiprAya nahIM samajhanA cAhiye ki agurulaghuguNake atirikta zuddha dravyake anya gaNoMke zaktyaMzoMmeM hAni-vRddhi hotI hai / isa prakAra sabhI vastuoMkI nimnaprakAra sthiti nizcita hotI hai " vastukI AkRti ( pradezavattArUpa dravyarUpatA), vastukI prakRti (svabhAvavattArUpa guNarUpatA aura vastukI tathA vastuke pratyeka guNakI vikRti (pariNAmavattArUpa paryAyarUpatA) / " isa taraha kahanA cAhiye ki dravyAnuyoga meM dravyarUpatAke sAtha-sAtha vastukI ananta dravyapayAyoM tathA vastu ke anantaguNoM aura una guNoMmeMse pratyeka guNakI anantaguNaparyAyoMke rUpameM vastukA jainAgamameM vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai / 4 pratyeka vastukI apanI-apanI ukta prakArakI dravyarUpatA aura guNarUpatA donoM hI zAzvata ( sthAyI) haiM tathA paryAyarUpatA samaya, Avali, muhUrtta, ghar3I, dina, saptAha, pakSa, mAsa aura varSa Adike rUpameM vibhakta hokara azAzvata (asthAyI ) haiM / isa taraha pratyeka vastuko jainAgamameM sat mAnate hue bhI usa sattAko utpAda, are aura dhauvyAtmaka svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / " arthAt jainAgamameM pratyeka vastumeM dravya paryAyoM aura guNa paryAyoMke rUpameM to utpAda tathA vyaya aura dravyatva aura guNatvake rUpameM dhauvyakA sadbhAva svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / pariNamana karate hue bhI pratyeka vastukI dravyarUpatA, guNarUpatA aura paryAyarUpatA pratiniyata hai / arthAt pariNamanameM vastu na to apane astitva (sadrUpatA) ko chor3atI hai aura na hI eka vastukI apanI dravyarUpatA, guNarUpatA tathA paryAyarUpatA kabhI anya vastukI dravyarUpatA, guNarUpatA tathA paryAyarUpatA bana sakatI hai| isakA abhiprAya yaha huA ki pariNamana karate hue bhI vastu na to kabhI sarvathA naSTa ho sakatI hai aura na vaha kabhI anya vasturUpa bhI pariNamatI hai / isa prakAra jIva pariNamana karate hue bhI kabhI sarvathA naSTa nahIM ho sakatA hai aura na hI vaha kabhI anya dravyarUpa pariNata ho sakatA hai, vaha hamezAse jIva hI rahA AyA hai, jIva hI hai aura jIva hI rhegaa| yahI vyavasthA pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ina sabhI dravyoMmeM samajhanA cAhiye / itanA ho nahIM, 1. paMcAdhyAyI, 1-48 / 2. paMcAdhyAyI, 1-49, 52 / 3. (ka) vastvasti svataH siddhaM yathA tathA tatsvatazca pariNAmi / - paMcAdhyAyI, 1-89 / (kha) vastu yathA pariNAmi tathaiva pariNAmino guNAzcApi / - paMcAdhyAyI, 1-112 / 4. pravacanasAra, jJeyatatvAdhikAra, gAthA 93 / safe for yaH kazcana paricchidyamAnaH padArthaH sa sarva eva vistArAyatasAmAnyasamudAyAtmanA dravyeNAbhinirvRttatvAd dravyamayaH / dravyANi tu punarekAzrayavistArAyatavi zeSAtmaka guNa rabhi nivRttatvAt guNAtmakAni / paryAyAstu punarAyatavizeSAtmakA uktalakSaNairdravyairapi guNairapyabhinivRttatvAd dravyAtmakA api guNAtmakA api / - pravacanasAra, jJeyatattvAdhikAra, gAthA 1 kI TIkA, AcArya amRtacandra / 5. sad dravyalakSaNam / utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat / tattvA0 5 - 29, 30 /
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________________ 3 / dharma aura siddhAnta : 71 eka jIva kabhI dUsare jIvarUpa pariNata nahIM hotA, eka pudgalANu kabhI dUsarA pudgalANu nahIM banatA aura eka kAlANu kabhI dUsarA kAlANu nahIM ho jaataa| itanA avazya hai ki sabhI vastue~ yathAyogya eka-dUsarI vastuke sAtha saMyukta hokara hI raha rahI haiM / isake atirikta jIvoM aura pudgaloMmeM aisI :svataHsiddha (svAbhAvika) vaibhAvikI zakti nAmakI vizeSatA vidyamAna hai, jisake AdhArapara sabhI jIva anAdikAlase yathAyogya pudgaloMke sAtha saMbaddha (mizrita) yAnI ekakSetrAvagAhIrUpameM ekamekapaneko prApta rahe haiN| unameMse bahutase jIvoMne yadyapi pudgaloMke sAtha vidyamAna apanI anAdikAlIna usa baddhatA (mizraNa) ko samApta kara diyA hai, parantu unase anantaguNe jIva abhI bhI usI baddhAvasthAmeM raha rahe haiN| bahutase pudgala apanemeM vidyamAna uparyukta vaibhAvikI zaktike AdhArapara anAdikAlase jIvoMke sAtha to sambaddha ho hI rahe haiM, sAtha hI bahutase pudgala eka-dUsare pudgaloMke sAtha bhI isI taraha sambaddha hokara raha rahe haiM / jina jIvoMne pudgaloMke sAtha anAdikAlase vidyamAna apanI baddhasthitiko samUla samApta kara diyA hai ve aba kabhI punaH pudgaloMke sAtha baddha nahIM hoNge| parantu pudgala eka bAra jIvake sAtha athavA anya pudgaloMke sAtha vidyamAna apanI baddha sthitiko samUla samApta karake bhI puna: usa yogya bana jAyA karate haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki ve yathAyogya jIvoM, pudgalANuoM aura pudgalaskandhoMke sAtha hamezA hI baMdhate aura bichur3ate . rahate haiN| jisa prakAra vastu pariNamana karate hue bhI kabhI apane dravyatvako naSTa nahIM hone detI hai aura na kabhI anya dravyarUpa hI pariNata hotI hai usI prakAra pratyeka vastukA pratyeka guNa pariNamana karate hue bhI na to apane guNatvako kabhI sarvathA naSTa hone detA hai aura na vaha kabhI usa vastuke anya guNarUpa athavA anya vastuke guNarUpa hI pariNata ho sakatA hai| isI prakAra pratyeka vastukI athavA pratyeka vastuke pratyeka guNakI pratyeka paryAya yadyapi utpAda aura vyayarUpatAko dhAraNa kiye hue hai| parantu ina sabhI paryAyoMmeM bhI yaha vyavasthA banI huI hai ki eka vastukI koI bhI paryAya kevala usI vastukI paryAya hotI hai va eka guNakI bhI koI paryAya kevala usI guNakI paryAya hotI hai| isa prakAra kahanA cAhiye ki pratyeka vastukI dravyarUpatA, guNarUpatA aura paryAyarUpatA ye tInoM hI upayukta prakArase satata pratiniyatatAko hI dhAraNa kiye hue haiN| pratyeka vastumeM yathAsaMbhava jo bhI dravyapariNamana hote haiM ve sabhI niyamase svapara-pratyaya hI huA karate hai / lekina pratyeka vastumeM jo guNapariNamana hote haiM unameMse kucha to svapratyaya hote haiM aura kucha svaparapratyaya hote 1. (ka) sarvatrApi dharmAdharmAkAzakAlapudgalajIvadravyAtmani loke ye yAvantaH kecanApyastei sarva eva svakIya dravyAntarmagnAnantasvadharmacakracambino'pi parasparamambino'tyantapratyAsattAvapi nityameva svarUpAdApatantaH pararUpeNApariNamanAdavinaSTAnantavyaktitvAsTrakotkIrNA iva tiSThantaH samastaviruddhAviruddhakAryahetUtayA zazvadeva vizvamanugRhNanto niyatamekatvanizcayagatatvenaiva saundaryamApadyante, prakArAntareNa sarvasaMkarAdidoSApatteH / -samayasAra, gAthA 3, TIkA, AcArya amRtacandra / (kha) paMcAstikAya, gAthA, 7 / 2. paMcAdhyAyI, 2-45 / 3. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, gAthA 196 / 4. (a) jo jamhi guNe davve so aNNamhi Na saMkamadi davve / -samayasAra, gAthA 103 / (A) samayasAra, gAthA 76, 77, 78, 79 /
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________________ 72 : sarasvatI-varavaputra paM0 baMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandana-grantha haiN| isa prakAra sAmAnyarUpase yaha bAta nizcita ho jAtI hai ki pariNamana do prakArase hote haiN| unameMse eka prakAra to svapratyayakA hai aura dusarA prakAra svaparapratyayakA hai| yaha bAta nizcita hI samajhanA cAhiye ki vastukA koI bhI dravyapariNamana athavA guNapariNamana parapratyaya nahIM hotA hai| pratyeka vastumeM jo guNakA pariNamana usa vastukI apanI pariNamanazaktike AdhArapara parakI apekSAke binA hI kevala svataH hotA hai vaha svapratyaya pariNamana kahalAtA hai aura pratyeka vastumeM jo dravya yA guNakA pariNamana usa vastukI apanI pariNamana zaktike AdhArapara paravastukA sahayoga milanepara hotA hai vaha svaparapratyaya pariNamana kahalAtA hai| pratyeka vastake agarulaghagaNake zaktyazoMmeM anantabhAgahAni, asaMkhyAtabhAgahAni, saMkhyAtabhAgahAni, saMkhyAtaguNahAni, asaMkhyAtaguNahAni aura anantaguNahAnike rUpameM tathA isake anantara anantabhAgavRddhi, asaMkhyAtabhAgavRddhi, saMkhyAtabhAgavRddhi, saMkhyAtaguNavRddhi, asaMkhyAtaguNavRddhi aura anantaguNavRddhi isa prakAra SaTsthAnapatita hAni aura vRddhirUpameM jo pariNamana samaya-samayake vibhAgapUrvaka satata huA karatA hai use to svapratyaya pariNamana jAnanA cAhiye / isake alAvA pratyeka vastumeM honevAle zeSa sabhI gaNapariNamana aura sabhI dravyapariNamana svaparapratyaya hI haA karate haiN| ye sabhI pariNamana yathAyogya vyavahArakAlake samaya, AvalI, ghar3I, muhUrta, dina, saptAha, pakSa, mAsa aura varSa Adi vibhAgoMmeM vibhakta kiye jA sakate haiM / yadyapi vedAnta aura cArvAka jaise darzanoMmeM parapratyaya pariNamanoMko bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jaisA pUrvameM hama batalA Aye haiM ki vedAntadarzanameM citko acitkA upAdAna mAna liyA gayA hai aura cArvAka darzanameM acitko citkA upAdAna mAna liyA gayA hai| parantu jainadarzanameM cUMki para-pratyaya pariNamanakA sarvathA niSedha kara diyA gayA hai aura jo anubhava siddha bhI hai isaliye vastumeM parapratyayapariNamana mAnane vAle vedAnta Adi darzanoMkI ina mAnyatAoMkA vahA~ para (jainadarzanameM) khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| aura yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina mAnyatAke anusAra jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla dravyoMkI jitanI saMkhyA vizvameM nirdhArita kI gayI hai vaha niyata hai, usameM kabhI ghaTA-bar3hI nahIM ho sakatI hai| pratyeka vastuke agurulaghuguNake zaktyaMzoMke AdhArapara honevAle SaTsthAnapatita hAni-vRddhirUpa svapratyaya guNapariNamanoMkA saMketa Upara hama kara cuke haiN| vastuke svaparapratyaya dravyapariNamanoM aura guNapariNamanoMkA vivaraNa nimna prakAra jAnanA cAhiye / 1. dvividhaH utpAdaH svanimittaH parapratyayazca / ----sarvArthasiddhi-TIkA, 5-2 / noTa--yahA~ para para-pratyayase tAtparya svaparapratyayakA AgamAnusAra grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| 2. samayasAra, gAthA 116 se 120 va 121 se 125 taka / 3. svanimittastAvadatantAnAmagurulaghuguNAnAmAgamaprAmANyAdabhyupagamyamAnAnAM SaTsthAnapatitayA vRddhyA hAnyA ca pravartamAnAnAM svabhAvAdeteSAmatpAdo vyayazca / sarvArthasiddhi, 5-7 / 4. svazca parazca, svaparau, svaparau pratyayau yayostau svaparapratyayau / utpAdazca vigamazca utpAdavigamau, svapara pratyayau utpAdavigamau yeSAM te svaparapratyayotpAdavigamAH / ke punaste ? pryaayaaH| dravyakSetrakAlabhAvalakSaNo bAhyaH pratyayaH tasmin satyapi svayamatatpariNAmo'rtho na paryAyAntaramAskandati / tatsamarthazca svaH pratyayaH / tAvubhau saMbhUya bhAvAnAmutpAdavigamayorhetU bhavataH, nAnyatarApAye kuzUlasthamASapacyamAnodakasthaghoTakamASavat / -tattvArtharAjavAtika, 5-2 /
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________________ 3 / dharma aura siddhAnta : 73 jIvakA zarIrake choTe-bar3e AkArake anusAra jo choTA-bar3A AkAra yathAsamaya banatA rahatA hai tathA jIvakI nara-nArakAdi paryAyoMke rUpameM paryAya banatI rahatI haiM ye sabhI tathA isI prakArake pratyeka vastumeM anya vastuke yathAyogya saMyoga yA mizraNase hone vAle sabhI dravyapariNAma svaparapratyaya dravyapariNamana kahalAte haiM / isI prakAra AtmAko jJAnazaktikA padArthako jAnanerUpa pariNamana AtmAkI usa jJAnazaktimeM vidyamAna pariNamana karanekI yogyatAke AdhArapara usa-usa padArthakA yoga milanepara hI huA karatA hai| yaha Atma-vastukA svaparapratyaya guNapariNamana hai / isI prakAra sarvatra jAnanA cAhiye / AtmAkI jJAnazaktike padArthako jAnane rUpa pariNamanameM padArtha to sarvatra kAraNa hotA hai| vaha jJAnazakti cAhe matijJAnarUpa ho athavA cAhe zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, manaHparyayajJAna yA kevalajJAnarUpa ho / arthAt ina pA~coM jJAnoMmeMse koI bhI jJAna padArthake abhAvameM kadApi padArthajJAnarUpa pariNamana nahIM kara sakatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki kevalajJAnakI zakti vizva meM vidyamAna sabhI padArthoMse anantaguNI' hokara bhI sarvajJa usake dvArA kevala unhIM padArthoM ko jAnatA hai jo apanI sadrUpatAko dhAraNa kiye hue haiN| isakA abhiprAya yahI hai ki binA padArthakA sahayoga mile kevalajJAnakA pariNamana padArthako jAnane rUpa nahIM ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra kevalajJAnazaktikA padArthajJAnarUpa pariNamana padArthAdhIna hI siddha hotA hai| matijJAna aura zrutajJAna to padArthake sAtha-sAtha yathAyogya pA~ca paudgalika indriyoM tathA chaThe manakI sahAyatAse hI utpanna huA karate haiM / isa prakAra yaha bAta siddha ho jAtI hai ki AtmAkI jJAnazaktike padArthako jAnanerUpa pariNamanameM svagata yogyatAke sAtha-sAtha padArthoM tathA AvazyakatAnusAra indriyoM aura manakI kAraNatA bhI rahA karatI hai| itanA hI nahIM, matijJAnameM prakAza bhI yathAyogya kAraNa huA karatA hai aura zrutajJAnameM zabda bhI kAraNa huA karate haiN| yahA~ para vicAraNIya bAta yaha hai ki padArthajJAnarUpa pariNamanameM AtmAkI jJAnazaktimeM rahanevAlI kAraNatA bhinna prakArakI hai aura padArthoMmeM rahanevAlI kAraNatA bhinna prakArakI hai tathA indriyoMmeM, manameM aura prakAzameM rahanevAlI kAraNatA bhinna-bhinna prakArakI hai| isI taraha zratajJAnameM zabdakI kAraNatA bhI bhinna prakArakI hai| arthAta AtmAkI jJAnazaktikI jo kAraNatA hai vaha upAdAnarUpa hai kyoMki vaha jJAnazakti hI padArthajJAnarUpa pariNata hotI hai / padArthoM meM, manameM, indriyoMmeM, prakAzameM aura zabdameM jo kAraNatA hai vaha nimittarUpa hai kyoMki ye saba svayaM padArthajJAnarUpa pariNamana na karate hue AtmAkI jJAnazaktike padArthajJAnarUpa pariNamanameM sahAyaka hote haiN| inameM bhI AtmAkI jJAnajJaktike padArthajJAnarUpa pariNamanameM padArtha avalambanarUpase nimitta hotA hai arthAt padArtha jaba AtmapradezoMpara darpaNakI taraha pratibimbita hotA hai tabhI AtmAkI jJAnazaktikA padArthajJAnarUpa pariNamana hotA hai, anyathA nhiiN| indriyA~ aura mana karaNarUpase nimitta hote haiN| prakAza vidyamAnatA rUpase hI nimitta hotA hai / zrutajJAnameM zabda zravaNapUrvaka nimitta hote haiM / pUrvameM hama isa bAtakA kathana kara Aye haiM ki kArya ke prati kAryase abhinna vastumeM vidyamAna upAdAna vAzrita dharma honeke kAraNa "svAzrito nizcayaH" isa AgamavAkyake anasAra nizcayarUpa hai aura usI kAryake prati kAryase bhinna vastu meM vidyamAna nimittakAraNatA "parAzrito vyavahAraH" isa AgamavAkyake anusAra vyavahArarUpa hai| pUrva meM hama yaha bhI kaha Aye haiM ki jisameM nizcayarUpatA rahA karatI hai vaha sarvathA vAstavika, bhUtArtha, sadbhUta yA satyArtha huA karatA hai aura jisameM vyavahArarUpatA rahA karatI hai vaha kathaMcit vAstavika Adi 1. trilokasAra, dvirUpavargadhArA prakaraNa, gAthA 69, 70, 71, 72 /
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________________ 74 : sarasvatI - varavaputra paM0 baMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandana grantha hotA hai aura kathaMcit avAstavika Adi bhI hotA hai / isa prakAra upAdAna kAraNa cU~ki nizcayarUpa kAraNa hai, isaliye use sarvathA vAstavika honA hI cAhiye aura yaha sarvathA vAstavikatA upAdAnakAraNameM isa taraha siddha hotI hai ki kArya jaba taka rahatA hai taba taka kArya meM upAdAnakI apekSA rahA karatI hai, isaliye vaha sarvathA vAstavika Adi hai / lekina nimittakI apekSA tabhI taka rahatI hai jaba taka kArya utpanna nahIM ho jAtA / kAryake utpanna ho jAne para nimittakI apekSA samApta ho jAtI hai / ataH jaba taka kArya meM usakI apekSA hai taba taka nimittako usa apekSAke rUpameM vAstavika hI kahA jAyagA aura kAryake utpanna hone para cU~ki usakI apekSA samApta ho jAtI hai, ataH taba use isa dRSTise avAstavika hI kahA jAyagA / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki nimitta to kAryotpatti meM sahAyaka hI hotA hai, ataH isa dRSTise to yaha vAstavika hI hogA aura cU~ki vaha kAryarUpa pariNata nahIM hotA, ataH isa dRSTise vaha avAstavika hI hogA, yaha hama pUrva meM spaSTa kara cuke haiN| isa taraha upAdAna meM to sarvathA vAstavikatA aura nimittameM kathaMcit vAstavikatA tathA kathaMcit avAstavikatA rahaneke kAraNa upAdAna to kArya meM nizcayakAraNa hotA hai aura nimitta vyavahArakAraNa hotA hai / isI prakAra jo vastu svadravya kSetra - kAla bhAvase sat hai vaha paradravya-kSetra - kAla - bhAvase asat hai arthAt pratyeka vastu svadravya kSetra - kAla - bhAvase sattArUpa dharma vidyamAna hai tathA paradravya-kSetra - kAla bhAvase asattArUpa dharma vidyamAna hai / jaise AtmA cit hai / yahA~para jisa prakAra AtmAmeM cidrUpa dharmakI sattA siddha hotI hai usI prakAra usake acidrUpa gharmaMkI asattA bhI siddha hotI hai / ataH kahanA cAhiye ki AtmAmeM cidrUpatAkA sadbhAva aura acidrUpatAkA abhAva ina donoM dharmomeMse cidrUpatAkA sadbhAva AtmAkA svarUpaparaka dharma hone, ata eva svAzrita dharma honeke kAraNa nizcayadharma hai va acidrUpatAkA abhAva svarUpaparaka dharma na hone, etAvatA parAzrita dharma honeke kAraNa vyavahAradharma hai / ye donoM hI bhAvAtmaka aura abhAvAtmaka dharma AtmAmeM apanI-apanI sattA jamAkara baiThe haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki jainAgama meM yaha siddhAnta svIkAra kiyA gayA hai ki pratyeka vastumeM pratyeka prakArakI sattA apanI pratipakSabhUta asattAke sAtha hI rahatI hai / " yadi aisA nahIM mAnA jAyagA arthAt AtmAmeM cidrUpatAke sadbhAvake sAtha acidrUpatAkA abhAva nahIM mAnA jAyagA to phira cidrUpa AtmAkA acidra pa pudgalAdi dravyoMke sAtha vAstavika bheda siddha nahIM ho sakegA / isaliye jisa prakAra AtmAmeM cidrUpatAkA sadbhAva vAstavika hai usI prakAra usameM acidr patAkA abhAva bhI vAstavika hI hai| itanI bAta avazya hai ki cidrUpatAkA sadbhAva apanI svAzrayatA ke kAraNa jahA~ sarvathA vAstavika hai vahA~ acidrUpatAkA abhAva parAzrayatAke isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki jisa prakAra kAraNa kathaMcit vAstavika hai aura kathaMcit avAstavika bhI hai| AtmAmeM cidrUpatAkA sadbhAva eka aura akhaNDa dharma hai usa prakAra acidra patAkA abhAva eka aura akhaNDa dharma nahIM hai, kyoMki pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ina sabhI acidrUpa vastuoMkI acidrUpatA bhinnabhinna hai / isaliye inameM se pratyekakI acidrUpatAkA abhAva bhI AtmAmeM bhinna-bhinna hI hogA / isa taraha AtmAmeM nAnA acidrUpatAoMke abhAva (svAnyanyAvRttiyA~) bhI nAnA siddha haiM aura taba acidra patA bhI sakhaNDa va nAnArUpa siddha ho jAtI hai / nAnArUpatA aura khaNDarUpatAko vyavahAradharma va ekarUpatA aura akhaNDarUpatAko nizcayadharmaM ina donoM zabdoMkI vyutpattike AdhAra para hama pUrva meM pratipAdita kara hI cuke haiM / bhAvarUpatAko nizcaya zabdakA pratipAdya aura abhAvarUpatAko vyavahArazabdakA pratipAdya mAnanemeM eka kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki pratyeka vastukA bhAvarUpa dharma apane vaiziSTya ke kAraNa usa vastuko svataMtratAkA nirNAyaka 1. paMcAdhyAyI, adhyAya 1, 15 /
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________________ 3/ dharma aura siddhAnta : 75 hotA hai, abhAvarUpa dharma nhiiN| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki abhAvarUpa dharma to nAnA vastuoMmeM bhI samAnatA liye huye pAye jAte haiN| jaise jIvameM pudgaladravyakI-acidra patAkA jaisA abhAva hai vaisA hI pudgaladravyakI acid patAkA abhAva AkAzAdi vastuoMmeM bhI hai anyathA AkAzAdi vastuoMmeM pudgaladravyase bheda karanA asaMbhava ho jaaygaa| athavA yoM kaheM ki pudgalAdi acidrapa vastuoMkI acidrUpatAkA jaise abhAva eka jIvameM hai vaisA hI abhAva anya jIvoMmeM bhI hai to isa taraha nAnA jIvoMmeM paraspara pArthakya siddha karanA asaMbhava ho jaaygaa| isaliye mAnanA par3atA hai ki pratyeka vastUkA bhAvarUpa dharma hI usa vastukI svataMtratAkA nirNAyaka hotA hai abhAvarUpa dharma nahIM / isa taraha bhAvarUpa dharmako nizcayadharma tathA abhAvarUpa dharmako vyavahAradharma kahanA ucita hI hai| anantAnanta jIvoM, anantAnanta padagaloM, asaMkhyAta kAladravyoM tathA eka dharma, eka adharma aura eka AkAza ina sabakA apanA-apanA pRthak-pRthak bhAvarUpa dharma hI ina saba vastuoMke pRthaka-pRthak astitvako surakSita rakhe hue hai| anyathA jIvoMkI anantatA, pudgaloMko anantatA aura kAladravyoMkI asaMkhyAtatA bhaMga ho jaaygii| itanA hI nahIM, sampUrNa vastuoMmeM ekatvakA prasthApana hokara saMpUrNa jagata advaitatAke sA~ce meM Dhala jaaygaa| eka bAta aura hai| abhAvako jainadarzanameM bhAvAntara svabhAva mAnA gayA hai, bhAvako abhAvAntara svabhAva nhiiN| isakA bhI kAraNa yaha hai ki sattAtmaka (bhAvAtmaka) dharmake AdhAra para hI vastukI svataMtratAkA bhAna ho sakatA hai, asattAtmaka (abhAvAtmaka) dharma vastukI svataMtratAkA bhAna karane meM kadApi sahAyaka nahIM ho sakatA hai| ye saba kAraNa haiM jinake AdhAra para hameM pratyeka vastuke bhAvAtmaka dharmako nizcayadharma aura abhAvAtmaka dharmako vyavahAradharma hI svIkAra karanA par3atA hai| yaha saba nizcaya aura vyavahArakI vyavasthA vastuke nityatvaanityatva, tattva-atattva, abheda-bheda, ekatva-anekatva Adi vastudharmoM ke viSayameM bhI samajha lenA caahiye| isa viSayako paMcAdhyAyI granthameM adhyAya prathamake zloka 15 se zloka 22 taka vistArase spaSTa kiyA hai / Uparake kathanase yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki jisa prakAra vastuke nizcayadharmako nizcayarUpase arthAt sarvathArUpase vAstavika mAnA jAtA hai usI prakAra vastuke vyavahAradharmako vyavahArarUpase arthAt kathaMcit rUpase vAstavika mAnanA hI ucita hai| gadheke sIMgakI taraha sarvathA avAstavika, kalpita yA mithyA mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| ina saba nizcaya-vyavahAradharmoke alAvA bhI yadi nizcaya-vyavahAradharmoMke viSayameM vicAra kiyA jAya to kahA jA sakatA hai ki jahA~ dravyAnuyogako dRSTimeM upayukta prakArase vidhirUpa dharma nizcaya aura niSedharUpa dharma vyavahAradharma mAnA jAtA hai vahA~ karaNAnuyogakI dRSTimeM niSedharUpa dharma nizcayadharma aura vidhirUpa dharma vyavahAradharma kahA jAne yogya hai / jaise mukti saMsArakA abhAvarUpa dharma hai lekina parAzritatAkA abhAvarUpa dharma hokara bhI AtmAkI svataMtratArUpa svAzrayatAkA bodhaka honese nizcayadharma hai tathA saMsAra AtmAkI parataMtratArUpa parAzritatAkA bodhaka honeke kAraNa bhAvarUpa dharma hokara bhI vyavahAra hai| isI prakAra uddezyarUpatAvidheyarUpatA, kAryarUpatA-kAraNarUpatA, sAdhyarUpatA-sAdhanarUpatA Adi paraspara-virodhI dharmayugaloMmeM bhI nizcaya aura vyavahArakI vyavasthA baiThA lenA cAhiye / labdhi aura upayoga, svabhAva aura vibhAva, dravya aura paryAya, guNa aura paryAya, anvaya aura vyatireka, antaraMga aura bAhya Adike vikalpoM meM bhI pUrva-pUrvakA dharma nizcayarUpa aura uttara-uttarakA dharma vyavahArarUpa hI hotA hai| kisa dharmako vastukA nizcayadharma mAnA jAya aura kisa dharmako vastukA vyavahAradharma mAnA jAya, isakA nirNaya hameM sarvatra nizcaya aura vyavahAra zabdoMke vyutpattyarthoke AdhArapara prakaraNAnusAra hI kara lenA cAhiye / lekina sarvatra isa bAtakA dhyAna rakhanA hI cAhiye ki ve to nizcayadharma haiM jo apane-apane DhaMgase sarvathA vAstavika haiM aura ve vyavahAradharma haiM jo apane-apane DhaMgase kathaMcit vAstavika aura kathaMcit avAstavika hai / isa taraha jo bhI sarvathA avAstavika dharma ho use vyavahAra
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________________ 76 : sarasvatI-varadaputra paM0 baMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandana-grantha dharma kahanA asaMgata, mithyA yA kalpanArUpa hI hai| isIliye jo vyakti sarvathA avAstavika dharmoko hI vyavahAra dharmake rUpameM samajha baiThe haiM ve mahAn bhramake zikAra ho rahe haiN| isI taraha jina logoMne vyavahAradharmako bhI sarvathA vAstavika dharma mAna rakkhA hai ve bhI mahAn bhramake zikAra ho rahe hai| ___lokameM bhI vyavahAradharmako kathaMcit vAstavika mAnanA atyanta Avazyaka hai / jaise--"yaha zarIra merA hai" "yaha makAna merA hai", "yaha dravya merA hai" "ye mere svajana hai" "maiM amaka samAjakA vyakti 'ye mere svajana hai", "maiM amuka samAjakA vyakti hU~" aura "amuka grAma yA dezakA rahanevAlA hU~" ityAdi vyavahAra yadi sarvathA avAstavika hI haiM to lokakI aura adhyAtmakI saMpUrNa vyavasthA ho chinna-bhinna ho jAyagI, kyoMki phira to sarvatra arAjakatA phaila jAyagI va adhArmikatAkA hI bolabAlA ho jaaygaa| vivekI puruSoMkI to kalpanA karake rUha kA~pane laga sakatI hai| yahA~ para yaha bhI dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye ki eka sthAnapara vastukA jo vyavahAradharma hai vaha dUsare sthAna para nizcayadharma ho sakatA hai| parantu aise bhI nizcayadharma hote haiM jo sarvathA nizcaya hokara hI rahate haiM jaisepudgalANuoMke mizraNase banI huI miTTIrUpa skaMdhaparyAya vyavahAradharma hai parantu vahI miTTI ghaTotpattimeM nizcayarUpatAko prApta ho jAtI hai| yahI kAraNa ki miTTIrUpa skaMdhaparyAyako dravyake rUpa meM yadi kahA jAya to vaha azuddha dravya hI kahA jaaygaa| isa taraha kevala aNurUpa pudgala dravya hI aisA hai jise ekAntaH (sarvathA) vAstavika yA zuddha dravya kahA jA sakatA hai / yaha vyavasthA sarvatra lAgU kara lenA cAhiye / / ____ isa taraha hama punaH kaha denA cAhate haiM ki parasApekSa sarvathA vAstavikatAkA honA nizcayakI kasauTI hai, kathaMcit vAstavikatA aura kathaMcit avAstavikatAkA honA vyavahArakI kasauTI hai tathA paranirapekSa sarvathA vAstavikatAkA honA mithyArUpatA kI kasauTI hai| upasaMhAra adhyAtmake prakaraNameM jo samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakacAritrarUpa mokSamArgakA vivecana kiyA gayA hai aura usase jo nizcayasamyagdarzana, nizcayasamyagjJAna aura nizcayasamyakacAritrako nizcayamokSamArga tathA vyavahArasamyagdarzana, vyavahArasamyagjJAna aura vyavahArasamyakacAritrako vyavahAramokSamArga kahA gayA hai| inake viSayameM isataraha nizcaya-vyavahArakA vibhAjana karanA cAhiye ki kisameM, kisa tarahase svAzrayatA yA abhedarUpatA pAyI jAtI hai aura kisameM, kisa tarahase parAzrayatA yA bhedarUpatA pAyI jAtI hai / isaprakAra yaha nirNIta hotA hai ki aupazamika samyagdarzana aura kSAyika samyagdarzana tathA aupazamika samyakcAritra aura kSAyika samyakcaritra ye sabhI nizcayadharmakI koTimeM Ate haiM / yaha bAta dUsarI haiM ki aupazamika samyagdarzana aura aupazamika samyakcAritra azAzvata (antarmuhUrtasthAyI) haiM, jabaki kSAyikasamyagdarzana aura kSAyika samyakcAritra zAzvata (sthAyI) haiN| ina sabako nizcayadharma isaliye kahA jAtA hai ki ye sabhI usa-usa karmake upazama yA kSayase utpanna honeke kAraNa sarvathA AtmAzrita dharma siddha hote haiM / kSAyopazamikasamyagdarzana aura kSAyopazamikasamyakcAritra ye donoM vyavahAradharmakI koTimeM Ate haiN| inako vyavahAradharma kahanekA kAraNa yaha hai ki ye donoM usa-usa karmake kSayopazamase paidA hote haiM arthAt inako utpattimeM usa-usa karmakI sarvaghAtI prakRtiyoMke vartamAnameM udaya AnevAle niSekoMkA udayAbhAvI kSaya, AgAmI kAlameM udaya AnevAle niSekoMkA sadavasthArUpa upazama tathA dezaghAtI prakRtikA udaya, isataraha karmakA udayAMza, upazamAMza aura kSayAMza tInoM hI kAraNa hote haiN| aisI sthitimeM inameM jahA~ karmake upazama aura kSayakI apekSA AtmAzritatA pAyI jAtI hai vahA~ karmake udayakI apekSA parAzritatA bhI pAyI jAtI hai| isa taraha inameM jahA~ Jain Education international
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________________ 3 / dharma aura siddhAnta : 77 saMsArakI kAraNatAkA abhAva pAyA jAtA hai vahIM saMsArakI kAraNatAkA sadbhAva bhI pAyA jAtA hai / athavA yoM kahiye ki jahA~ inameM mokSakI kAraNatAkA sadbhAva pAyA jAtA hai vahIM mokSakI kAraNatAkA abhAva bhI pAyA jAtA hai| vyavahAra yA kSAyopazamika samyagdarzanakI sthiti jIvake cauthe guNasthAnase saptamaguNasthAna taka hI saMbhava hai, aupazamikarUpa nizcayasamyagdarzanakI sthiti cauthese sAtaveM taka tathA upazamazreNIke sAtaveM, AThaveM, nova aura dazaveM gaNasthAnoMmeM evaM upazAMtamoha nAmaka 11vaM guNasthAnameM saMbhava hai tathA kSAyikarUpa nizcayasamyagdarzanakI sthiti cauthese sAtaveM taka tathA upazamazreNIke sAtaveM, AThaveM, nauveM aura dazaveM guNasthAnoMmeM evaM 11veM upazAntanAmaka guNasthAnameM bhI saMbhava hai| isake atirikta kSapakazreNIke sAtaveM, AThaveM, nauveM aura dazaveM guNasthAnoMmeM tathA kSINamohanAmaka 12vaM guNasthAnameM evaM usake Age sarvatra niyamase kSAyika samyagdarzana vidyamAna rahatA hai| cauthe guNasthAnase pUrva prathama guNasthAnameM mithyAttvake rUpa meM, dvitIya guNasthAnameM sAsAdana arthAt anantAnubandhI kaSAyake udayase utpanna audayikabhAvake rUpa meM tathA tRtIya guNasthAnameM samyamithyAtva (mizrabhAva) ke rUpameM samyagdarzanakA sarvathA abhAva rahA karatA hai arthAt ina guNasthAnoMmeM nizcaya aura vyavahAra donoM hI prakArake samyagdarzana nahIM rahA karate haiN| vyavahAra yA kSAyopazamika cAritra yA yoM kahiye ki sarAgacAritra niyamase pA~cave se lekara dazave guNa-sthAna taka rahA karatA hai, 11veM guNasthAnameM niyamase aupazamikarUpa nizcayacAritra, vItarAgacAritra yA yathAkhyAtacAritra rahA karatA hai aura 12ve guNasthAnase lekara Age 14veM guNasthAnake antataka kSAyikarUpa nizcayacAritra, vItarAgacAritra yA yathAkhyAtacAritra rahA karatA hai| Age mokSameM cU~ki AtmasvarUpameM kAraNarUpatA samApta hokara kAryarUpatAkA prAdurbhAva ho jAtA hai / ataH vahA~para cAritrakI sthitiko AgamameM asvIkRta kara diyA gayA hai / yahA~ para itanI vizeSatA aura samajha lenA cAhiye ki yadyapi nizcayasamyakacAritra, kSAyikatva aura yathAkhyAtattvakI dRSTise 12veM guNasthAnake prArambhameM jIvako upalabdha ho jAtA hai / parantu yaha saba usakA bhAvAtmakarUpa hai, dravyAtmaka dRSTise abhI usakI (nizcayasamyakcAritrakI) pUrNatA zeSa raha jAtI hai, kyoMki abhI bhI usake karmoM ke sAtha baddhatA banIhaI hai| sAtha hI nizcayasamyagjJAnakA pUrNatA aura pUrNa AtmAzritAke rUpameM abhI bhI abhAva banA rahatA hai / isake alAvA nokarmanimittaka yoga bhI AtmA meM huA karatA hai| terahaveM guNasthAnakI AdimeM yadyapi samasta jJAnAvaraNa, samasta darzanAvaraNa aura samasta antarAya karmakA sarvathA kSaya ho jAnese nizcayasamyagjJAnakI pUrNatA ho jAtI hai phira bhI dravyAtmaka rUpase nizcayasamyakcAritra abhI bhI apUrNa banA rahatA hai| yadyapi yogakA nirodha ho jAnepara nokarmanimittaka yoga samApta ho jAtA hai phira bhI aghAtIkarma abhI bhI kAryarata rahA karate haiN| ina aghAtI karmokA prabhAva 14ve guNasthAnake anta samayameM hI samApta hotA hai / ataH usI samaya AtmA bhI dravyAtmakarUpameM pUrNa svAvalambI banatA hai, yahI nizcayasamyakcAritrakI pUrNatA hai aura isake honepara AtmA bhI tatkAla pUrNa svatantryamaya muktiko prApta ho jAtA hai| 1. AgamameM sarAgasamyaktvako jo vyavahArasamyaktva aura vItarAgasamyaktvako nizcayasamyakttva kahA gayA hai usake sAtha prakRtakA virodha nahIM samajhanA cAhiye, kyoMki yahA~para samyagdarzanake samyaktva sambandhameM mAtra darzanamohanIyakarma ke udaya-anudayako apekSAse vicAra kiyA gayA hai| 2. tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 10 ke sUtra 3 va 4 kI zlokavAtikaTIkA / 3. tattvArthasUtra, a0 1 ke sUtra 1 kI zlokavArtikaTIkAmeM vArtikazloka 87 se 97 taka va inakA bhASya /
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________________ 78 : sarasvatI-varadaputra paM0 baMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandana-pranya Upara pAMcave guNasthAnase dazave guNasthAna taka vyavahArasamyakcAritrakA aura 11ve se lekara caudahaveM gaNasthAna taka nizcayasamyakacAritrakA sadabhAva batalA Aye haiN| isase yaha bhI siddha ho ki prathamase lekara caturtha guNasthAna taka vyavahArasamyakcAritrakA abhAva hI pAyA jAtA hai| isI prakAra yadi svAzrayatA aura pUrNatAko hI nizcayasamyagjJAnakI kasauTI mAnA jAya, jo ki tattvataH sahI hai, to kSAyikarUpa kevalajJAna hI nizcayasamyagjJAnakI koTimeM AtA hai / ataH parAzrayatA aura apUrNatAke AdhArapara mati, zruta, avadhi aura manaHparyaya ye cAroM hI jJAna kSAyopazamika honeke kAraNa vyavahArasamyagjJAnakI koTimeM hI A jAte haiN| aisI sthitimeM vyavahArasamyagjJAnakI sthiti caturtha guNasthAnase lekara 12veM guNasthAna taka siddha hotI hai va terahave guNasthAna va usake Age hI nizcayasamyagjJAnakA sadbhAva siddha hotA hai / ' caturtha guNasthAnase pUrvakA jJAna mithyAjJAna hI siddha hotA hai / isa vivecanakA sAra yaha hai ki prathamase tRtIya guNasthAna taka mokSamArgatAkA sarvathA abhAva hai, kAraNa ki vahA~ taka samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritrakA abhAva hI rahA karatA hai / ataH vahA~ para saMsArakI hI kAraNatA rahA karatI hai| vyavahArasamyagjJAnarUpa mokSamArga caturtha guNasthAnase prArambha ho jAtA hai aura 12veMguNasthAna taka rahatA hai va terahaveM guNasthAnameM nizcayasamyagjJAna ho jAtA hai aura vaha Age bhI rahatA hai| vyavahArasamyagdarzana bhI caturtha guNasthAnameM utpanna hokara sAtave guNasthAna taka rahatA hai| isake Age nizcayasamyagdarzana hI rahA karatA hai / parantu kisI jIvake nizcayasamyagdarzanakI prApti caturtha guNasthAnameM bhI ho jAtI hai, kisIko pA~cave meM, kisIko chaThemeM aura kisIko sAtaveM meM bhI hotI hai| isa taraha nizcayasamyagdarzanakA sadbhAva cauthese sAtaveM takake guNasthAna taka bhI sambhava ho jAtA hai / vyavahArasamyakcAritrakI prApti pA~caveM guNasthAnameM hotI hai| isakA sadbhAva 10 guNasthAna taka rahatA hai / 11veM guNasthAnameM va Age nizcayasamyak cAritra hI rahatA hai tathA isakI pUrNatA caturdaza guNasthAna ke anta samayameM hotI hai / pA~caveMguNasthAnase pUrva vyavahArasamyakcAritra bhI nahIM rahatA hai| viSayakA upasaMhAra karate hue hamane Upara yadyapi nizcaya aura vyavahArarUpa vibhAjana mokSamArgako dRSTimeM rakhakara athavA yoM kahiye ki samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakacAritrako dRSTimeM rakhakara kiyA hai| parantu lekhameM zAstrIya dRSTise cara gAnuyoga, karaNAnuyoga aura dravyAnuyoga ina sabhI anuyogoMke AdhArase bhI vistArase kiyA hai| sAtha hI laukika dRSTise bhI saMkSipta rUpameM kiyA hai| isaliye isake sambandhameM vistAra na karake aba isa bAtapara vicAra karate haiM ki jaba AgamameM 'nizcayanaya' aura 'vyavahAranaya' zabdoM kA bhI sarvatra bahulatAse prayoga milatA hai to inakA artha aura prayojana kyA hai ? nizcayanaya aura vyavahAranayakA artha aura prayojana nayoMko jainAgamameM pramANakA aMza svIkAra kiyA hai| jainAgamameM yaha bhI batalAyA gayA hai ki vastutattvako samajhaneke liye jo sAdhakatama (karaNarUpa) sAdhana ho use pramANa samajhanA caahiye| isake sAtha 1. tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 1, sutra 1 ko zlokavArtikaTokAke vArtika-zloka 93, 94, 95 / 2. nApramANaM pramANaM vA nayo jJAnAtmako mataH / syAtpramANakadezastu sarvathApyavirodhataH / / -tattvA0, zlo0 1-6, vA0 29 / 3. prakarSeNa saMzayAdivyavacchedena mIyate paricchidyate vastutattvaM yena tatpramANama / / -prameyaratnamAlA 1-1 ko ttiikaa|
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________________ 3 / dharma aura siddhAnta : 79 hI vahA~ para yaha bhI spaSTa kara diyA gayA hai ki vastutattvako samajhanekA sAdhakatama (karaNarUpa) sAdhana jJAna hI ho sakatA hai, ataH jJAnako hI pramANa jAnanA caahiye| isa taraha cU~ki vastutattvako samajhanekA sAdhanabhUta jJAna hI pUrvokta prakArase pramANa hotA hai aura pramANakA aMza hI naya hotA hai / ataH isake anusAra yaha nirNIta hotA hai ki jo vastutattvake aMzako samajhanekA sAdhanabhUta jJAna ho use naya kahanA cAhiye / pramANarUpa jJAna jainAgamameM pAMca batalAye gaye haiM-matijJAna, pratajJAna, avadhijJAna, manaHparyayajJAna aura kevalajJAna / inameMse matijJAna, avadhijJAna, manaHparyayajJAna aura kevalajJAna ye cAroM hI jJAna akhaNDavastukA jJAna karAte haiM aura inameMse bhI kevalajJAna to vastukA sarvAtmanA jJAna karAtA hai tathA matijJAna, avadhijJAna aura manaHparyayajJAna ekadezAtmanA vastukA jJAna karAte haiN| zrutajJAnakI vastukA jJAna karAnekI prakriyA ina cAroM jJAnoMse bhinna prakArakI hai| arthAt zrutajJAna vastukA yadyapi sarvAtmanA jJAna karAtA hai, parantu kevalajJAnase vastukA jJAna sarvAtmanA hotA hai vaha yugapat pratyakSarUpameM hotA hai aura zrutajJAnase jo vastukA sarvAtmanA jJAna hotA hai vaha kramazaH eka-eka aMzake grahaNapUrvaka parokSa rUpameM hotA hai| isa taraha kahanA cAhiye ki zrutajJAna dvArA vastuke eka-eka aMzakA kramazaH pRthak-pRthak hI grahaNa hotA hai isaliye zrutajJAnameM nayoMkI vyavasthAko anAyAsa sthAna prApta ho jAtA hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki AgamameM zrutajJAnameM hI nayoMkI vyavasthAkA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai tathA matijJAna, avadhijJAna, manaHparyayajJAna aura kevalajJAnameM nayavyavasthAkA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| upayukta kathanakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki vastuke eka-eka aMzakA pRthaka-pRthaka rUpameM kramazaH bodha honekA nAma naya hai| aisA bodha zrutajJAnako chor3akara matijJAna, avadhijJAna, manaHparyayajJAna aura kevalajJAnameM sambhava nahIM hai| zrutajJAnameM kaise saMbhava hai ? isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki zrutajJAnakI utpatti vacanake AdhArapara hI huA karatI hai aura cU~ki vacana sAMza hotA hai ataH sAMza vacanake AdhArapara utpanna honevAlA jo zrutajJAnarUpI bodha hai usameM bhI sAMzatAkI siddhi ho jAtI hai| isaprakAra zrutajJAnameM naya vyavasthAkI siddhi ho jAtI hai| vacanameM sAMzatAkI siddhi anubhavasiddha hai, kAraNa ki vAkyoMke samUharUpa mahAvAkyameM samAviSTa jitane vAkya hoM unakA uccAraNa yA lekhana kramase hI hotA hai| isI taraha pratyeka vAkyameM jitane pada hoM unakA 1. svApUrvArthavyavasAyAtmaka jJAnaM pramANam |--priikssaamukh, / 1-1 / hitAhitaprAptiparihArasamartha hi pramANaM tato jJAnameva tat / vahI, 112 / 2. svArthekadezanirNItilakSaNo hi nayaH smRtaH 1-98 |-tttvaarthshlokvaartik, 1-6 vA0 4 / 3. matizrutAvadhimanaHparyayakevalAni jJAnam / tatpramANe / Adya parokSam, pratyakSamanyat / -tattvArthasUtra, 119, 20, 11, 12 4. materavadhito vApi manaHparyayato'pi vA / jJAtasyArthasya nAMze'sti nayAnAM vartanaM nanu // niHzeSadezakAlArthAgocaratvadRvinizcayAt / tasyeti bhASitaM kaizcidyuktameva tatheSTataH / / trikAlagocarAzeSapadArthAMzeSu vRttitaH / kevalajJAnamUlatvamapi teSAM na yujyate // parokSAkAratAvRtteH spaSTatvAtkevalasya tu / zrutamUlA nayA siddhA vakSamANAH pramANavat / / --tattvArthazlokavArtika 1-6, vA0 24, 25, 26, 27! 5. nIyate gamyate yena zrutArthAMzo nayo hi saH / tattvA0 zlo0 1-33, vA0 6 /
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________________ 80 sarasvato varavaputra paM0 vaMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandana grantha bhI uccAraNa yA lekhana kramase hotA hai aura pratyeka padameM jitane akSara hoM unakA bhI uccAraNa yA lekhana kramazaH hotA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki nirarthaka akSaroMke samUhakA nAma zabda kahalAtA hai, aura zabda yadi vibhaktyanta ho jAve to vaha pada kahalAne lagatA hai / " pada do prakArake hote haiM eka saMjJApada aura dUsarA kriyApada / ina donoMke yogase vAkya banatA hai| do Adi vAkyoMke yogase mahAvAkya banatA hai| isI prakAra do Adi mahAvAkyoMke yogase bhI mahAvAkyako niSpatti hotI hai / sabase bar3A mahAvAkya grantha hotA hai / granthake antargata adhyAya Adike rUpameM bhI mahAvAkya hote haiN| eka-eka adhyAya bhI kaI-kaI mahAvAkyoMkA samudAya hotA hai| eka-eka mahAvAkya meM do Adi aneka vAkya hote haiM aura eka-eka AyameM do Adi aneka pada hote haiN| isa prakAra vacanarUpa zrutakA rUpa padase lekara bar3e-se-bar3e mahAvAkya taka ho jAtA hai| jainAgamakA sabase bar3A mahAvAkya dvAdazAMga rUpa hai| isake 12 antarbheda haiM / 12veM antarbheda dRSTivAdake mukhya pA~ca bheda haiM aura phira inake bhI aneka upabheda haiM / ye saba bheda vacanarUpa zrutake haiM tathA inake zravaNa yA pAThase jo vastutattvakA bodha zrotA yA pAThakako huA karatA hai vaha jJAnarUpa zruta kahalAtA hai / jJAnarUpa zruta arthAt vacanake AdhArapara jo bodha zrotA yA pAThakako huA karatA hai use Agama meM svArtha bhI kahA gayA hai aura vahIM para usa vacanarUpa dhuta yA vacanako parAbaMdhuta bhI kahA gayA hai| matijJAna, avadhijJAna, mana parvayajJAna aura kevalajJAna ye cAroM hI jJAna cU~ki jJAnarUpa hI huA karate haiM, ataH apanI jJAnarUpatA ke kAraNa ye cAroM jJAna svArtha pramANarUpa hI huA karate haiM / isa taraha kahanA cAhiye ki pramANa do taraha kA hotA hai-- eka svArtharUpa aura dUsarA parArtharUpa / jo pramANa jJAnarUpa ho use svArtha pramANa aura jo pramANa vacanarUpa ho use parArtha pramANa jAnanA caahiye| isa prakAra mati, avadhi, mana:paryaya aura kevala ye cAroM pramANa to apanI jJAnarUpatAke kAraNa svAyaMpramANarUpa hI hote haiM aura dhutapramANa apanI jJAnarUpatA kAraNa to svArthapramANarUpa hotA hai tathA apanI vacanarUpatAke kAraNa vaha parArthapramANarUpa bhI hotA hai / " jo vacana vaktA yA lekhaka ke abhiprAyarUpa vastutattvakA pUrNarUpase pratipAdana karatA hai vaha to pramANarUpa hotA hai aura jo vacana vaktA yA lekhaka abhiprAyarUpa vastutattvake eka deza (aMza) kA pratirAdana karatA 1. suptiGntaM padam pANinIya aSTAdhyAyI 1-4-14 / 2. padAnAM parasparasApekSANAM nirapekSaH samudAyo vanayam / aSTazatI, akalaMkadeva, AptamI0 kA0 103 / 3. vAsyopacayo mahAvAkyam / sAhityadarpaNa 2-1 yahA~para 'vAkyoccayaH' padakA vizeSaNa isakI TIkAmeM "yogyatAkAMkSAsattiyuktaH" diyA gayA hai| isa taraha mahAvAkyakA lakSaNa nimna prakAra ho jAtA hai" parasparasApekSANAM vAkyAnAM nirapekSaH samudAyo mahAvAkyam" / isa lakSaNake AdhArapara hI gommaTasAra jIvakANDameM zrutamArgaNAprakaraNa meM ginAye gaye zrutake bIsa bhedoMmeMse Adike akSara pada aura saMghAta (vAkya) se Age jitane bheda ginAye gaye haiM ve saba yahA~ vAkyake bheda samajhanA cAhiye / 4. mahAvAkyoM ke yogaye jo mahAvAkya banatA hai usakA lakSaNa nimna prakAra jAnanA cahiye parasparasApekSa mahAvAkyoMke nirapekSa samudAyakA nAma bhI mahAvAkya hai / (lekhaka) / 5. pramANaM dvividhaM svArthaM parAya ca / tatra svArthaM pramANaM zrutavarjyam / zrutaM punaH svArthaM bhavati parArthaM ca / zAnAtmaka svArtha vacanAtmakaM parArtham / tadvikalpA nayAH sarvArthasiddhi 1-6 /
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________________ 3 / dharma aura siddhAnta : 81 hai vaha nayarUpa hotA hai|' isa taraha pada, yadi vAkyase sambaddha ho to vaha nayarUpa hogA aura pada tabhI nayarUpa hogA, jabaki vaha vAkyase sambaddha hogaa| svatantra pada pramANarUpa to hogA hI nahIM, lekina arthAzake bhI pratipAdanameM asamartha rahaneke kAraNa vaha nayarUpa bhI nahIM hogaa| vAkya yadi apanI svatantra hAlatameM vaktA yA lekhakake pUrNa abhiprAyakA pratipAdana karatA hai to vaha pramANarUpa hogA aura yadi kisI mahAvAkyakA avayava hokara vaktA yA lekhakake abhiprAyake ekadezakA pratipAdana karatA hai to vaha nayarUpa hogaa| yahI vyavasthA vAkyoMke samaharUpa mahAvAkyoMke aura mahAvAkyoMke samUharUpa mahAvAkyoMmeM bhI jAnanA cAhiye / lekhavistArake bhayase yahA~para ina saba bAtoMpara vizeSa prakAza nahIM DAlA jA rahA hai| jainAgamameM nayoMkI vyavasthA vividha prakArase kI gayI hai| unameM eka prakAra to naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra, RjusUtra, zabda, samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUta nAma ke sAta nayoMkA hai| dUsarA prakAra dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika nAmake do nayoMkA hai aura tIsarA prakAra nizcaya tathA vyavahAra nAmake do nayoMkA hai|4 nayoMkA ina prakAroMke alAvA eka prakAra vaha bhI hai, jisameM vacanake sabhI prakAroMkA samAveza ho jAtA hai / ise hama lokasaMgrAhaka nayoMkA prakAra kahanA ucita pamajhate haiM / isa sambandhameM gommaTasAra karmakANDakI nimnalikhita gAthA dhyAna dene yogya hai-- jAvadiyA vayaNapahA tAvadiyA ceva hoMti NayavAdA / jAvadiyA NayavAdA tAvadiyA ceva hoMti parasamayA / / 894 / / arthAt jitane vacana bolaneke mArga haiM utane hI nayavAda haiM aura jitane nayavAda haiM utane hI parasamaya haiN| nayoMke ina saba prakAroMkA vivecana yahA~ hameM nahIM karanA hai| prakRta prasaMga to nizcayanaya aura vyavahAranayakA hai / ata. inhIM do nayoMpara hI hama yahA~ prakAza DAla rahe haiN| . sarvaprathama yahA~para isa bAtako samajhanA hai ki upayukta padAdi mahAvAkya paryanta vacana do prakArakA hotA hai-eka to vastUtattvako satya (yathAvasthita rUpameM pratipAdita karanevAlA vacana aura dUsarA vastutattvako asatya (jaisA nahIM hai vaisA) rUpameM pratipAdita karanevAlA vacana / inameMse vastutattvako satyarUpameM pratipAdita karanevAlA vacana sakalAdezI pramANarUpa hotA hai aura vastutattvake ekadezako satyarUpameM pratipAdita karanevAlA vacana vikalAdezo nayarUpa hotA hai| isI prakAra vastatattvako asatyarUpameM pratipAdita karanevAlA vacana pramANAbhAsa aura nayAbhAsake bhedase do prakArakA hotA hai| jo vacana avastuko vasturUpa meM pratipAdita karatA ho vaha bhI pramANAbhAsarUpa hotA hai tathA jo vacana vastUke eka aMzako saMpUrNa vasturUpameM pratipAdita karatA ho, vaha vacana bhI pramANAbhAsarUpa hotA hai| isI prakAra jo bacana vastUke aMzako dUsare aMzarUpameM pratipAdita karatA ho vaha vacana nayAbhAsarUpa hotA hai / 1. sakalAdezaH pramANAdhIno vikalAdezo nayAdhIna iti |-srvaarthsiddhi 1-6 / 2. naigamasaMgrahavyavahArarjusUtrazabdasamabhirUDhavambhUtA nayAH / -tattvArthasUtra 1-33 / 3. nayo dvividhaH / dravyAthikaH paryAyAthikazca |--srvaarthsiddhi 1-6 / / (nayaH) dvadhA dravyAthikaH paryAyArthikazceti / dravyaM sAmAnyamutsargaH anuvRttirityarthaH, tadviSayo dravyArthikaH / paryAyo vizeSo'pavAdo vyAvRttirityarthaH, tadviSayaH paryAyAthikaH / -sarvArthasiddhi 1-33 / 4. punarapyadhyAtmabhASayA nayA ucyante / tAvanmUlanayau dvau nizcayo vyavahArazca / tatra nizcayo'bhedaviSayo vyavahAro bhedaviSayaH / AlApapaddhati / 11
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________________ 82 : sarasvatI-varavaputra paM0 baMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandana-prantha jainAgamameM vastuko anekAntAtmaka mAnA gayA hai arthAt jainAgamameM batalAyA gayA hai ki pratyeka vastu bhAvarUpa aura abhAvarUpa paraspara-virodhI anantadharmAtmaka hai aura ve bhAvarUpa tathA abhAvarUpa paraspara-virodhI anantadharma vastumeM apane-apane virodhI dharmake sAtha hI rahA karate haiN| pratyeka bhAvarUpa dharma apane virodhI abhAvarUpa dharmake sAtha hI vastumeM raha rahA hai| isI prakAra pratyeka vastumeM nityarUpa dharma raha rahA hai, to usakA virodhI anityarUpa dharma bhI usameM raha rahA hai| isa viSayako AvazyakatAke anusAra pUrvameM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| pUrva meM hama yaha bhI batalA Aye haiM ki pratyeka vastumeM vidyamAna paraspara-virodhI una do dharmomeMse eka dharma to nizcayarUpa hotA hai aura eka dharma vyavahArarUpa hotA hai| isa AdhArapara vastutattvake pratipAdanameM yaha bAta nirNIta hotI hai ki jo vacana vastutattvake nizcaya aura vyavahArarUpa donoM aMzoMkA pratipAdana karatA hai vaha vacana pramANarUpa hai / jaise-"vastu nityAnitya hai" / yaha vacana vastuke nizcaya aura vyavahAra donoM aMzoMkA pratipAdana karatA hai isaliye pramANarUpa hai| jo vacana vastuke nizcayAMzakA nizcayarUpase pratipAdana karatA hai vaha vacana nizcayanayarUpa hai / jaise-"pratyeka vastu apanI apanI pariNatikA upAdAna kAraNa hotA hai" / yaha vacana vastumeM vidyamAna upAdanakAraNatArUpa nizcaya dharmakA pratipAdana karatA hai, isalie nizcayanayarUpa hai| jo vacana vastuke vyavahArAMzakA vyavahArAMza rUpameM pratipAdana karatA hai vaha vacana vyavahAranayarUpa hai / jaise--"cit acitkI pariNatimeM aura acit citkI pariNatimeM nimittakAraNa hotA hai"| vaha vacana cit meM acitkI pariNatikI aura acitameM citkI pariNatiko vidyamAna nimittakAraNatArUpa vyavahAradharmakA pratipAdana karatA hai, isaliye vyavahAranayarUpa hai| jo vacana avastuko vasturUpameM pratipAdana karatA hai vaha vacana pramANAbhAsa hai, jaise-"gadheke sIMga hote haiN"| yaha vacana sarvathA asadbhUta vastukA pratipAdana karatA hai isaliye pramANAbhAsa haiN| jo vacana eka vastuko anya vasturUpa pratipAdana karatA hai vaha vacana bhI pramANAbhAsa hai jaise-"saMpUrNa dRzyamAna jagat brahmakI hI paryAya hai"| yaha vacana acetanako cetanarUpa pratipAdita kara rahA hai isaliye pramANAbhAsa hai| isI prakAra jo vacana vastuke eka aMzako vastu rUpameM pratipAdana karatA hai vaha bhI pramANAbhAsa hai / jaise-vastuko sarvathA bhAvAtmaka yA sarvathA abhAvAtmaka mAnanA athavA sarvathA nityAtmaka yA sarvathA anityAtmaka mAnanA ityAdi vacana vastuke aMzako vasturUpameM pratipAdana karate haiM, isaliye ye vacana bhI pramANAbhAsa haiM / jo vacana vastuke eka aMzako bastuke anya aMzake rUpameM pratipAdana karate haiM ve vacana nayAbhAsa hote haiM aisA Upara kahA gayA hai| isa AdhAra para jo vacana vastuke vyavahArAMzakA nizcayAMzarUpameM pratipAdana karanevAlA ho vaha nizcayanayAbhAsa hai / jaise-"cit hI acitarUpa pariNata hotA hai" / athavA "acit hI cit rUpa pariNata hotA hai" yaha vacana nizcaya nayAbhAsa hai kyoMki cit acitkI utpattimeM aura acita citakI utpattimeM nimittakAraNarUpa vyavahArakAraNa hI hote haiM, upAdAnakAraNarUpa nizcayakAraNa nahIM hote haiN| isa taraha ukta vAkyoMmeM nimittakAraNarUpa vyavahArakA raNako upAdAnakAraNarUpameM nizcayakAraNarUpa pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai, isaliye ve donoM vAkya nizcayanayAbhAsa hai| isI prakAra AtmA aura usake svabhAvabhUta caitanyakA pRthaka-pRthaka astitva svIkAra karake caitanyake yogase AtmAko citurUpa pratipAdana karanA vyavahAranayAbhAsa hai| AtmA aura caitanyameM sarvathA abheda mAnanA bhI nizcayanayAbhAsa hai| yahA~ pramANa aura pramANAbhAsa tathA naya aura nayAbhAsake rUpameM jitanA vivecana kiyA gayA hai vaha saba vacanarUpa zrutake sambandhameM kiyA gayA hai| jJAnarUpa zrutake sambandhameM kahA jA sakatA hai ki inase hone vAlA bodha bhI usa rUpameM pramANa aura pramANAbhAsa tathA naya aura nayAbhAsarUpa hI hogaa| isaliye yahA~ para usakA vivecana alagase nahIM kiyA jA rahA hai| Uparake kathanase yaha bAta spaSTa hotI hai ki vacanarUpa pramANazruta aura nayazrutakA padArthake sAtha
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________________ 3./ dharma aura siddhAnta : 83 pratipAdya-pratipAdaka sambandha rahatA hai aura jJAnarUpa pramANazruta aura nayazrutakA padArthake sAtha jJApya-jJApaka bhAvarUpa sambandha pAyA jAtA hai / arthAt vacanarUpa pramANazruta aura nayazruta kramazaH vastu aura vastuke aMzoMke pratipAdaka hote haiM tathA vastu aura vastuke aMza kramazaH unake pratipAdya hote haiM / isI prakAra jJAnarUpa pramANazruta aura nayazruta kramazaH vastu aura vastuke aMzoMke jJApaka hote hai tathA vastu aura vastuke aMza kramazaH unake jJApya hote haiN| isa prakAra pUrva meM jitanA caraNAnuyoga AdikI dRSTise nizcaya aura vyavahArarUpa arthoMkA vyAkhyAna kiyA gayA hai usameM jitanA nizcayarUpa artha hai usakA usI rUpameM pratipAdana karane vAlA vacanarUpa nizcayanaya hotA hai aura usakA usI rUpameM bodha karane vAlA jJAnarUpa nizcayanaya hotA hai| isI prakAra usameM jitanA vyavahArarUpa artha hai usakA usI rUpameM pratipAdana karanevAlA vacanarUpa vyavahAranaya hotA hai aura usakA usI rUpameM bodha karAnevAlA jJAnarUpa vyavahAranaya hotA hai| isa bAtako lakSyameM rakhakara hI sarvatra hameM vastutattvakA nirNaya karanekA prayatna karanA cAhiye / isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki jaba aisA AgamameM batalAyA gayA hai ki mokSamArga do prakArakA hai--eka nizcayamokSamArga aura dusarA vyavahAramokSamArga, to donoM hI mokSamArgoMkI vAstavikatAko mAnakara nayaprakriyAse isa bAtakA nirNaya karanA cAhiye ki nizcayamokSamArga to mokSakA sAkSAt kAraNa hotA hai aura vyavahAramokSamArga paramyarayA kAraNa hotA hai, jaisA ki pUrva meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| isa taraha mokSamArgakI svataMtra-svataMtra do bhedarUpatAke prasaMgake bhayase jinako vyavahAramokSamArgako akiMcitkara mAnanekA sahArA lenA par3atA hai unheM usa sahArekI phira AvazyakatA nahIM lenI pdd'egii| isI prakAra AtmAkI pariNatiko audayika, aupazamika, kSAyika yA kSAyopazamika nAmase pukArA jAtA hai, to nayAtmaka dRSTikoNa rahanese isakA artha yahI hotA hai ki AtmAko ukta, audayikAdi pariNatiyoMmeM karmakI udayAdi pariNitiyA~ nimittakAraNa huA karatI hai| yadi karmakI udayAdi pariNatiyA~ AtmAkI audayikAdi pariNatiyoMkI utpattimeM nimittakAraNa nahIM hone para unheM AtmAkI audayikAdi pariNatiyoMmeM nimittakAraNa kahA jAtA hai to phira yaha kathana to asatya hI ho sakatA hai| isako vyavahAranayakA kathana kisI bhI hAlatameM nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| ise vyavahAra naya tabhI kahA jA sakatA hai jabaki karmako udayAdika pariNatiyoMmeM AtmAkI audayikAdi pariNatiyoMkI nimittakAraNatAkA sadbhAva mAnA jAyagA aura upAdAnakAraNa hI kAryarUpa pariNata hotA hai nimitta kAraNa nahIM, kyoMki upAdAnakAraNakA kArya hI kAryarUpa pariNata honA hai, nimitta kAraNakA kArya to upAdAnako kAryarUpa pariNata honemeM kevala sahAyatA denekA hI rahatA hai / isaliye kisIko aisA bhaya karanekI AvazyakatA nahIM ki 'yadi kArya meM nimittakAraNakI nimittakAraNatAko vAstavika mAna liyA jAtA hai to nimittakAraNa hI kArya bana jaayegaa|" isI prakAra sarvatra samajha lenA caahiye| AcArya kundakundane 'samayasAra' granthameM AtmAko svatantra aura anAdi-nidhana vastu siddha karaneke liye sarvaprathama usake svataHsiddha jJAyakasvabhAvakA pratipAdana kiyA hai| lekina jaba AtmA anAdikAlase apane ukta svabhAvameM sthira na rahakara vikArI bana rahA hai to isake liye unhoMne AtmAkI padagalakarmake sAtha baddhatAko bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| arthAt jisa prakAra AtmAke svabhAva jJAyakabhAvako AcArya kundakunda svataHsiddha mAnate haiM usa prakAra ve AtmAke vikArako svataHsiddha nahIM mAnate haiN| isa bAtako batalAneke liye sarvaprathama unhoMne zuddhanaya aura vyavahAranayakA Azraya liyA hai| isase AcArya kundakunda yaha dikhalAnA cAhate haiM ki yadi AtmAko svatantra aura anAdi-nidhana vastuke rUpameM jAnanA hai to AtmAke svataHsiddhasvarUpako batalAnevAle zuddhanayakA avalambana lenA hogA, kAraNa ki vastuke svataHsiddhasvarUpakA pratipAdaka zuddhanaya hai athavA yoM kahiye ki vastuke svataHsiddhasvarUpakA pratipAdana karanA hI zuddhanaya hai / isI taraha yadi AtmAkI
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________________ 84 : sarasvatI-varavaputra paM0 baMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandana-grantha anAdikAlase calI A rahI vikArI saMsArarUpa avasthAko samajhanA hai to isakA jJAna zaddhanayase to hogA nahIM, kAraNa ki vaha to vastuke svataHsiddhasvarUpakA hI jJApaka hotA hai, jabaki AtmAko vikArI saMsArarUpa avasthA usakI svataHsiddha avasthA na hokara karmodayajanya avasthA hai / isaliye isako samajhAneke liye vyavahAranayakA avalambana lenA hogA, kAraNa ki vastuke parAzritasvarUpakA pratipAdaka vyavahAranaya hai / athavA yoM kahiye ki vastuke parAzrita dharmakA pratipAdana karanA hI vyavahAranaya hai| isake bhI atirikta yadi AtmAkI saMsArarUpa vikArI avasthAko samApta karake utpanna honevAlI mokSarUpa avasthAko samajhanA hai to isakA bhI jJAna zuddhanayase nahIM hogA; kAraNa ki yaha avasthAyI AtmAkI svataHsiddha avasthA na hokara karmake upazama, kSaya aura kSayopazamajanya avasthA hai / isaliye isako samajhaneke liye bhI bastuke parAzrita dharma ke pratipAdaka vyavahAranayakA avalambana lenA hogaa| aba prazna uThatA hai ki AtmAko saMsAra aura mokSa donoM hI prakArako avasthAyeM jaba kramazaH karmake udayase janya aura karmake upazama, kSaya tathA kSayopazamase janya haiM / yAnI AtmAkI saMsArarUpa avasthAmeM karmakA udaya kAraNa hai aura mokSarUpa avasthAmeM karmakA upazama, kSaya aura kSayopazama yathAyogya sAkSAt aura paraMparayA kAraNa hai to kyA karmake ye udaya, upazama, kSaya aura kSayopazama AtmAmeM tadrUpa pariNamanakI yogyatA ke abhAvameM AtmAko saMsArI yA mukta banA sakate haiM ? isa viSayameM AcArya kundakundakA kahanA hai ki vastumeM svagata yogyatAke abhAvameM anya koI bhI kAraNa usako kisI rUpa pariNamana karAnemeM asamartha hI rahA karatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jainAgamameM AtmAkI saMsArarUpa avasthAkA kAraNa AtmAkI svataHsiddha vaibhAvikI zaktiko tathA AtmAko mokSarUpa avasthAkA kAraNa AtmAkI svataH siddha bhavyatvazaktiko bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isa taraha yaha bAta nirNIta hotI hai ki yathAyogya karmakA udaya honepara AtmA apanI vaibhAvikI zaktike AdhArapara saMsArI banA huA hai aura karmakA upazama athavA kSayopazama hote hue antameM sarvathA kSaya ho jAnepara AtmA apanI bhavyatvazaktike AdhAra para mokSarUpa avasthAko bhI prApta kara legaa| isase yaha niSkarSa nikala AtA hai ki AtmAke saMsAramai usako vaibhAvikI zakti aura karmakA udaya ye donoM kAraNa haiM tathA AtmAke mokSameM usakI bhavyatvazakti aura karmakA yathAyogya upazama, kSayopazama aura kSaya kAraNa haiN| aba yadi saMsArake donoM kAraNoMke viSayameM yaha vicAra kiyA jAya ki saMsArake donoM kAraNoMmeMse kauna kisa rUpameM kAraNa hotA hai aura mokSake donoM kAraNoMmeM se kauna kisa rUpa meM kAraNa hotA hai ? to AtmAke saMsArameM kAraNabhUta usakI vaibhAvikI zakti usake saMsArameM tathA AtmAke mokSameM kAraNabhUta usakI bhavyatvazakti usake mokSameM upAdAnakAraNa hai, kAraNa ki ye zaktiyA~ hI vyakta hokara kramazaH saMsAra aura mokSarUpatAko prApta hotI haiM / isI prakAra AtmAke saMsArameM kAraNabhUta karmakA udaya va AtmAke mokSameM kAraNabhUta karmakA upazama, kSaya aura kSayopazama nimitta kAraNa hai| kAraNa ki karmakA udaya AtmAke saMsArarUpase aura karmakA upazama, kSaya va kSayopazama AtmAke mokSarUpa se kadApi pariNata nahIM hote, kevala AtmAke usa parimaNanameM sahayoga mAtra diyA karate haiM kyoMki karmake udayakA sahayoga na milanepara AtmAkI vaibhAvikI zakti saMsArarUpa pariNata nahIM ho sakatI hai aura karmake upazama, kSaya aura kSayopazamakA sahayoga na milanepara AtmAko bhavyatvazakti bhI mokSarUpa pariNata nahIM ho sakatI hai| isa taraha upayukta nimitta aura upAdAna donoM kAraNoMmeMse upAdAnakAraNako to svAzrayatAke AdhAra para nizcayakAraNa kahanA yogya hai aura nimittakAraNako parAzrayatAke AdhArapara vyavahArakAraNa kahanA yogya hai / yaha saba viSaya pUrvameM vistArapUrvaka spaSTa kiyA jA cukA hai| aba yadi ina donoM hI kAraNatAoMke
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________________ 3 / dharma aura siddhAnta : 85 pratipAdana karane yA bodha karane kI dRSTise vicAra kiyA jAya, to kahA jA sakatA hai ki upAdAnakAraNatA rUpa nizcayakAraNatA pratipAdya-pratipAdakabhAvake AdhArapara nizcayanayarUpa vacanakA tathA jJApya-jJApaka bhAvake AdhArapara nizcayanayarUpa jJAnakA viSaya hotI hai aura nimittakAraNatArUpa vyavahArakAraNatA pratipAdyapratipAdakabhAvake AdhArapara vyavahAranayarUpa vacanakA tathA jJApya-jJApakabhAvake AdhArapara vyavahAranayarUpa jJAnakA viSaya hotI hai| isa taraha AcArya kundakundane samayasArameM zuddhanaya aura vyavahAranayake vikalpoMke samAna nizcayanaya aura vyavahAranayake vikalpoMkA bhI samAveza kiyA hai| AgamameM nizcayanayake bhI zuddhanizcayanaya aura azuddha nizcayanaya isa taraha do bheda kara diye gaye haiN| inameMse AtmAkA vikArarahita zuddha svarUpa svAzritapanekI dRSTise zuddhanizcayanayakA viSaya hotA hai aura AtmAkA vikArI azaddha svarUpa bhI svAzritapanekI daSTise azuddhanicayanayakA viSaya hotA hai| AtmAke isI svarUpako yadi parAthitapane kI dRSTise dekhA jAya, to phira yaha vyavahAranayakA viSaya ho jAtA hai| vyavahAranayake bhI AgamameM do bheda kiye gaye hai--eka sadbhuta vyavahAranaya aura dUsarA asadbhUtavyavahAranaya / sadbhUtavyavahAranaya bhI do prakAra kA hai--eka anupacaritasadbhUtavyavahAranaya aura dUsarA upacaritasadbhutavyavahAranaya / isI prakAra asadbhatavyavahAranaya bhI do prakArakA hai--eka anupacaritaasadbhUtavyavahAranaya aura dUsarA acarita asadabhata vyvhaarny| isa viSayako AlApapaddhatimeM nimna prakAra nibaddha kiyA gayA hai "tAvanmUlanayau dvau nizcayo vyavahArazca / tatra nizcayo'bhedaviSayo vyavahAro bhedaviSayaH / tatra nizcayo dvividhaH-zuddhanizcayo'zuddhaniz cayazca / tatra nirupAdhikaguNaguNyabhedaviSayakaH zuddhanizcayo, yathA kevalajJAnAdayo jIvaH / sopAdhika (guNaguNyabheda) viSayo'zuddha nizcayaH / yathA matijJAnAdayo jIvaH / vyavahAro dvividhaH sadbhatavyavahAro'sadbhatavyavahArazca / tatraikavastuviSayaH sadbhUtavyavahAraH, bhinnavastuviSayo'sadbhUtavyavahAraH / tatra sadbhUtavyavahAro dvividhaH upacaritAnupacaritabhedAt / tatra sopAdhigaNagaNino daviSayaHupacarita sadabhatavyavahAro, yathA jIvasya matijJAnAdayo guNAH / nirupAdhiguNaguNinorbhedaviSayAnupacaritasadbhutavyavahAro, yathA jIvasya kevalajJAnAdayo guNAH / asadbhutavyavahAro dvividhaH-upacaritAnupacaritabhedAt / tatra saMzleSarahitavastusambandhaviSaya upacaritAsadbhUtavyavahAro, yathA devadattasya dhanam / saMzleSasahi tavastusambandhaviSayo'nupacari tAsadbhatavyavahAro, yathA jIvasya zarIram / " isakA artha Upara spaSTa hai / isa taraha nayoMke svarUpako yathAvat prakAra samajhaneko atyanta AvazyakatA hai, kAraNa ki saMpUrNa vastutattvako samajhanekA sAdhana alpajJa prANiyoMke liye naya-vyavasthA hI hai| isa naya-vyavasthAko laukika dRSTAnta dvArA isa taraha samajhA jA sakatA hai ki "kumbhakArane daNDa aura cakrake sahayogase miTTIse ghar3A banAyA" aisA vAkya yadi bolA jAtA hai to isakA abhiprAya nimna prakAra hotA hai yaha saMpUrNa vAkya vaktAke saMpUrNa arthakA yadi nirAkAMkSarUpase bodhaka hai, to ise apane vartamAna rUpameM pramANavacana aura isase hone vAle bodhako pramANajJAna hI kahA jaaygaa| isa vAkyake saMpUrNa arthameM itane artha gabhita haiM abhedadRSTise miTTI aura ghaTameM jo abhedakA bodha hotA hai yaha nizcayanaya hai, kAryakAraNa-bhAvakI dRSTise jo bhedakA bodha hotA hai yaha sadbhatavyavahAranaya hai, miTrIkI ghaTarUpa pariNatirUpa utpAda meM miTTI meM jo upAdAna
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________________ 86 : sarasvatI-varavaputra paM0 baMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandana-grantha kAraNatAkA bodha hotA hai yaha bhI nizcayanaya hai / yahIMpara kumbhakArameM jo nimittakAraNatAkA bodha hotA hai yaha anupacarita asadbhuta vyavahAranaya hai, kAraNa ki kumbhakAra miTrIkI ghaTarUpa pariNatimeM sAkSAta nimittakAraNa hai, yahIMpara cakrameM jo nimittakAraNatAkA bodha hotA hai vaha upacaritaasadbhUtavyavahAranaya hai, kyoMki miTTIkI ghaTarUpa pariNatimeM paraMparayA arthAta kumbhakArakA sahayogI hokara hI cakra nimittakAraNa hotA hai, aura yahIMpara daNDameM jo nimittakAraNatAkA bodha hotA hai, vaha upacaritopacaritaasadbhUtavyavahAranaya hai kyoMki miTTIkI ghaTarUpa pariNatimeM daNDaniSTha nimittakAraNatA do paraMparAoMse anurakta hai arthAt daNDa cakrakA sahayogI hotA hai, cakra kumbhakArakA sahayogI hotA hai aura taba kumbhakAra miTIkA sahayogI hotA hai viSayako isa rUpameM bhI samajhA jA sakatA hai ki miTIkI ghaTarUpa pariNatimeM miTTI upAdAnakAraNa arthAt vAstavika kAraNa hai| yaha nizcayanayakA viSaya hai aura yahIM para kumbhakAra nimittakAraNa honese vyavahAra kAraNa arthAt upacaritakAraNa hai, yaha upacarita asadabhuta vyavahAranayakA viSaya hai| yahIMpara cakrameM jo nimitta kAraNatA hai vaha upacaritopacaritaasadabhatavyavahAranayakA viSaya hai tathA yahIM daNDakI nimitta kAraNatA hai vaha upacaritopacaritopacarita asadbhutavyavahAranayakA viSaya hai| isa taraha yaha bAta acchI taraha samajhameM A jAnI cAhiye ki cAhe nizcayanaya ho, athavA cAhe vyavahAranaya ho, isameM bhI cAhe sadbhUtavyavahAranaya ho athavA cAhe asadbhatavyavahAranaya ho aura isameM bhI cAhe anupacaritaasadbhUtavyavahAranaya ho yA upacaritaasadbhUtavyavahAranaya hoM athavA cAhe upacaritopacaritaasadbhUtavyavahAranaya ho-ye sabhI naya apane-apane DhaMgase sadbhutatAprApta bastvaMzoMko hI viSaya karate haiM / isaliye aisA nahIM samajhanA cAhiye ki nizcayanayakA viSaya hI sadbhuta hotA hai tathA vyavahAranayakA viSaya sarvathA asadbhUta hI hotA hai| itanA avazya hai ki nizcayanaya sarvathA sadbhata viSayako grahaNa karatA hai lekina cAhe sadbhUtavyavahAranaya ho athavA cAhe asadbhUtavyavahAranaya ho donoM hI kathaMcit sadbhUta viSayako hI grahaNa karate haiM / koI bhI vyavahAranaya na to sarvathA asadabhata viSayako grahaNa karatA hai aura na sarvathA sadabhata viSayako hI grahaNa karatA hai kyoMki sarvathA asadabhuta vastU gadheke sIMgakI taraha sarvathA abhAvAtmaka ho jAnese vaha, naya athavA pramANa kisIkA bhI viSaya nahIM hotI hai| sarvathA sadbhata vastu to nizcayanayakA hI viSaya hotI hai, vyavahAranayakA nahIM / anta meM itanA dhyAna aura rakhanA cAhiye ki vyavahAranayakA viSaya bhI abheda aura svAzrayatAkI dRSTise nizcayanayakA viSaya ho jAtA hai aura nizcayanayakA viSaya bhI bheda aura parAzrayatAkI dRSTise vyavahAranayakA viSaya ho jAtA hai / jaisA ki paMcAdhyAyImeM kahA hai "idamatra samAdhAna vyavahArasya ca na yasya yadvAcyam" | sarvavikalpAbhAve tadeva nizcayanayasya syAd vAcyam // 643 / / arthAt jo vyavahAranayakA viSaya hai vahIM saMpUrNa vikalpoMkA abhAva hone para nizcayanayakA viSaya ho jAtA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki saMpUrNa naya pRthak-pRthak eka-eka dRSTi haiM aura vastu anantadharmAtmaka evaM anekAntAtmaka hai, ataH sabhI aviruddha hai|