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________________ 144 anusandhAna 49 'nArada' ke vyaktitva ke bAre meM jaina thranthoM me pradarzita saMbhramAvasthA (vaidika tathA vedottarakAlIna paramparA ke sandarbha meM) le. zodhachAtrA : DaoN. kaumudI baladoTA prastAvanA : prAkRta bhASAbhyAsI hone ke nAte 'isibhAsiyAI' nAma ke ardhamAgadhI prakIrNaka grantha kI ora merA dhyAna vizeSa AkRSTa huA / samajha meM AyA ki apanA anekAntavAdI udAramatavAdI svarUpa barakarAra rakhate hue, isa grantha meM jaina vicAravaMtoM ke sAtha sAtha brAhmaNa tathA bauddha paramparA ke vicAravantoM kA bhI AdarapUrvaka jikra kiyA hai / 'RSibhASita' meM kula 45 RSiyoM ke vicAra zabdAGkita kiye haiM / isa grantha kI ardhamAgadhI bhASA kA stara AcArAGga jaise prAcInatama grantha kI bhASA se milatAjulatA hai| prAkRtavidyA ke kSetra meM yaha tathya aba svIkRta ho cukA hai| RSibhASita meM 'RSi' nArada : RSibhASita kA pahalA adhyayana nAradaviSayaka hai / nArada ke lie upayukta 'RSi' zabda brAhmaNa paramparA kA dyotaka mAna sakate haiN| nArada kA gaurava 'arhat, deva, siddha, buddha, mukta, virata' ina vizeSaNoM se kiyA hai / isa adhyayana meM 'soyavva' yAne 'zrotavya' kyA hai, isase sambandhita nArada ke vicAra aMkita kiye haiN| prANAtipAtaviramaNa Adi cAturyAma dharma kA pratipAdana nArada ke mukha se kiyA hai| cAturyAma dharma kI paramparA pArzvanAtha ke itihAsa meM pAyI jAtI hai / isase yaha tathya ujAgara hotA hai ki mahAvIra ke pahale bhI nArada ke gauravAnvita sthAna kI paramparA jaina vicAradhArA meM dRDhamUla hai| nArada kA yaha sammAnita sthAna hamAre zodhanibandha kA prArambhabindu bana gyaa| yadyapi 'zrotavya' kA artha 'zravaNIya' hai aura jaina paramparA ne nAradadvArA pratipAdita cAturyAma dharma ko zravaNIyatA kA darjA diyA hai, tathApi zravaNIyatA kA nezanala saMskRta kaoNnpharansa, nAgapura, 1,2,3 mArca 2009 meM paThita zodhaprabandha
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________________ sapTembara 2009 sambandha pramukhatA se nAmasaMkIrtana tathA gAyana se hai| Rgveda ke AThaveM maNDala meM nArada kANva RSi kahatA hai, 'he indra, tumhArA ratha aura azva vIryazAlI haiM / he apAra kartRtva ke dhanI, tuma khuda vIryazAlI ho tathA tumhArA nAmasaMkIrtana bhI vIryazAlI hai / " rAmAyaNa ke bAlakANDa meM nArada dvArA sanatkumAra ko rAmAyaNa nAmaka mahAkAvya kA 'gAna' sunAne kA ullekha hai / purANakAla meM pracalita navavidhA bhakti kA pahalA prakAra bhI 'zravaNa' hI hai| nArada se juDe hue nAmasaMkIrtana athavA zravaNa arthAt bhaktisampradAya se nigaDita sandarbha hameM Rgveda se hI AMzika rUpa se prApta hote haiM / saiddhAntika dRSTi se jaina paramparA meM 'nAmasaMkIrtana' tathA 'zravaNa' kA sthAna prAthamika stara para adhorekhita nahIM kiyA gayA hai / isI kAraNa se 'zrotavya' kA artha zravaNIya mahAvratoM ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| I RSibhASita kI antima gAthA meM nArada ne satya, datta ( bhikSAcarya) aura brahmacarya ko upadhAna yAne 'AzrayaNIya tapa' kahA hai / yahI sUtra pakaDakara Avazyanayukti Adi granthoM meM 'soya' zabda kA artha 'zauca' aura 'zauca' zabda kA artha 'satya' batAyA hai| koI bhI sAdhu dUsare ko upadezazravaNa karAye binA bhikSA kA svIkAra nahIM karatA, isa tathya kA sUcana bhI isIse hotA hai / jaina paramparA ne nArada ke brahmacArI hone kI mAnyatA Akhirataka kAyama rakhI hai| hindu purANoM kI taraha use vivAhita aura putrapautrasahita nahIM mAnA hai / 145 sarvadA, sarvatra aura sarvakAla vicaraNa karanevAlA hokara bhI nirmamatva arthAt anAsakti ke kAraNa sadaiva upaliptatA se rahita hone kA jo jikra RSibhASita meM kiyA hai isase bhI nArada ke sarvasaMcAritva tathA anAsakti kA dyotana hotA hai / isI sUtra ko Age jAkara donoM paramparA ne barakarAra rakhA hai / RSibhASita meM nArada kA jo gauravAnvita sthAna aMkita kiyA hai aura unake mukha se jina-jina zabdoM kA prayoga karavAyA hai, isase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki yadyapi hindu purANoM ke parivartanoM ke sAtha sAtha nArada ke vyaktimatva meM aneka prakAra ke parivartana Aye tathApi AcArAGga ke samakAlIna grantha meM aMkita unake AdaraNIya sthAna kI chAyA jaina granthakAroM meM mana para tathA sAhitya para sarvadA chAyI rahI / aneka parasparavirodhI matoM kA tathA vizeSaNoM kA milana karate hue unheM jo kaThinAI mahasUsa huI isIke kAraNa jaina AcAryoM kI saMbhramAvasthA
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________________ 146 dikhAI detI hai / yadyapi RSibhASita bhASika dRSTi se AcArAGga se nikaTatA rakhatA hai tathApi ardhamAgadhI AgamagranthoM ke vibhAjana meM RSibhASita kA sthAna aGga, upAGga Adi granthoM ke bAda prakIrNakoM meM nizcita kiyA hai / isa zodhalekha meM Adhunika mAnyatAprApta krama svIkAra karake sthAnAGga Adi krama se vivecana kiyA hai I anusandhAna 49 sthAnAGga meM 'deva' nArada : RSibhASita meM jisa nArada ko siddha-buddha-mukta batAyA hai, use sthAnAGga ne devaloka meM sthAna diyA hai| kyoMki RSibhASita meM hI 'devanAradeNa arahatA isiNA buiyaM' aisA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai / " nArada kA devatva sthAnAGga meM nizcita hI gauNatvasUcaka hai| nArada kA trailokyasaMcAritva dhyAna meM rakhakara unheM 'vyantaradeva' kahA hai / gAyanapravINatAnusAra unheM vyantaradevoM ke cauthe 'gAndharva' upavibhAga meM sthAna diyA hai / isake samarthana meM sthAnAGga meM kahA hai ki gAndhAra svaravAle vyakti gAne meM kuzala zreSTha jIvikAvAle, kalA meM kuzala, kavi, prAjJa aura vibhinna zAstroM ke pAragAmI hote haiM / " RSibhASita ke 'zrotavya' kA anvayArtha 'zravaNIya gAna' isa prakAra yahA~ kiyA gayA hogA / bhAgavatapurANa ke anusAra nArada ne kRSNa, jAmbavatI, satyabhAmA, rukmiNI se gAnavidyA sIkhI thI / ' bhAgavatapurANa meM unake vINAvAdana ke bhI ullekha pAye jAte haiN| nArada ke devatva kI yahI sUcanA tattvArthasUtra ne Age baDhAyI hai / samavAyAGga meM 'bhAvI tIrthaMkara' nArada : samavAyAGga ke anusAra jambUdvIpa ke bharata kSetra meM AgAmI utsarpiNI meM nArada 'ikkIsaveM tIrthaMkara' honevAle haiM / " samavAyAGga ke isa ullekha se sUcita hotA hai ki unheM bhAvI tIrthaMkara batAkara unake prati AdaraNIyatA to sUcita kI hai lekina RSibhASita meM jisa prakAra unheM usI janma meM siddha-buddha - mukta kahA hai usa prakAra kA sammAnita sthAna samavAyAGga meM nahIM hai / isakA kAraNa yaha ho sakatA hai ki vAsudeva kRSNa bhAvI tIrthaMkara honevAle haiN| nArada aura kRSNa kA
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________________ sapTembara 2009 147 ekadUsare ke samparka meM rahanA, donoM paramparAoM ne samAna rUpa se citrita kiyA hai / vAsudeva kRSNa kA prathamataH narakagAmI honA aura nArada kA na honA eka ajIba sI bAta hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hogA ki jaina paramparA ke anusAra bhI nArada RSi hai, parivrAjaka hai, anagAra hai tathA yajJIya pazuhiMsA ke virodhaka bhI hai| bhAgavatapurANa ke anusAra viSNu kA tIsarA avatAra nArada hai / 11 hAlAMki paravartI dasa avatAroM meM inakI ginatI nahIM kI hai| nArada ke bhAvI tIrthaMkaratva ke ullekha uttarapurANa tathA pravacanasAroddhAra13 meM bhI pAye jAte haiN| lekina nArada ke pUrvajanma yA bhAvI janma kI kathAe~ yahA~ aMkita nahIM kI gayI hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM 'nAradaputta anagAra' : bhagavatIsUtra kA nAradaputta aupapAtikasUtra meM pratipAdita nAradIya parivrAjakoM kI paramparA kA mAlUma paDatA hai| vahA~ usako sAkSAt nArada na kahake 'nAradaputta' zabda se aMkita kiyA hai| jaina paramparA meM devarSi nArada ko kRSNa aura ariSTanemi ke samakAlIna mAnA hai / isalie usI nArada kA mahAvIra ke sAtha bAtacIta karanA, unheM kAlaviparyAsAtmaka lagA hogA / bhagavatIsUtra meM paramANupudgalaviSayaka carcA nAradaputta anagAra aura nirgranthIputra anagAra donoM meM cala rahI hai| nirgranthIputra paramANupudgala ke sapradezatvaapradezatva tathA paramANuoM ke skandhoM ke bAre meM nAradaputta ko prazna pUchatA hai| nAradaputta ke ekAntavAdI mata para nirgranthIputra dravya-kSetra-kAla-bhAva kI apekSA se mata pradarzita karatA hai / 14 caturvidha nikSepa athavA nyAsoM para AdhArita khAsa jaina dRSTikoNa, parivrAjaka nAradaputta ko samajhAne kI yaha koziza, donoM paramparAoM ke AdAnapradAna prakriyA kI pratinidhisvarUpa mAnI jA sakatI hai| vedottarakAlIna tathA paurANika paramparA meM nArada kI jijJAsA tathA jJAnalAlasA bArabAra dRggocara hotI hai| jaise ki chAndogya-upaniSad meM nAradasanatkumAra saMvAda prastuta kiyA hai| sarva vidyAoM kA jJAtA hokara bhI nArada AtmavidyAviSayaka tathya sanatkumAra se jAnanA cAhatA hai|5 mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva ke antargata nArAyaNIya upAkhyAna meM prakRti kA vizeSa svarUpa jAnane ke lie
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________________ 148 anusandhAna 49 nArada ke zvetadvIpagamana kA ullekha hai / 16 bhAgavatapurANa meM nArada brahmadeva ko sRSTyutpattisambandhI prazna pUchatA hai aura brahmadeva vistAra se usakI jijJAsApUrti karatA hai / 17 isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki nArada, cetanatattva ke bAre meM jAnane ke lie jitanA utsuka hai itanA hI vaha jar3a prakRti kA svarUpa jAnane ke lie bhI tatpara hai / jijJAsA, jJAnalAlasA, praznottararUpa saMvAda Adi ke jo aMza nArada ke svabhAva meM hindu paramparA meM prApta hai, vahI aMza hameM bhagavatIsUtra meM bhI milate haiM I nArada kA zramaNa paramparA ke sAtha vaicArika AdAnapradAna hote rahane kA yaha tathya anya jaina sAhitya se bhI ujAgara hotA hai / donoM paramparAoM ne nArada ke 'sarvasaMcAritva' kA upayoga jJAnalAlasA kI pUrti ke lie acchI taraha se karavAyA hai 1 tattvArthasUtra ke 'daivatazAstra' meM nArada : cauthI zatAbdI ke saMskRta sUtrabaddha tattvArthasUtra grantha meM zabdabaddha daivataviSayaka vivecana meM nArada kA sthAna vizeSa hI dRDhamUla huA / devoM ke cAra nikAyoM meM dUsare kramAMka para vyantaradeva haiM / vyantaradeva tInoM lokoM meM bhavanoM tathA AvAsoM meM basate haiM / ve svecchA se yA dUsaroM kI preraNA se bhinna bhinna sthAnoM para jAte rahate haiM / unameM se kucha manuSyoM ke samparka meM bhI rahate haiM / vyantaroM ke ATha prakAra hai / usameM cauthe sthAna para 'gAndharva' hai / gAndharvoM ke bAraha prakAroM meM tumburava aura nArada kI gaNanA kI hai / " isakA mUlAdhAra hameM 'pannavaNA' nAma ke ardhamAgadhI upAGga se bhI prApta hote haiM / 19 vyantaradevoM ke avadhijJAna hone kA jikra bhI tattvArthasUtra ne kiyA hai / 20 1 rAmAyaNa, bhAgavatapurANa tathA anya granthoM meM bhI nArada kA trailokyajJAtRtva spaSTa kiyA hai| rAmAyaNa ke bAlakANDa meM ullekha hai ki nArada brahmadeva kI sabhA dekhane meruparvata ke zikharapara gaye the / 21 bhAgavatapurANa ke prathama skandha meM nArada kahate haiM, 'maiM bhagavAn kI kRpA se vaikuNTha tathA tInoM lokoM meM bAhara aura bhItara binA rokaToka vicaraNa kiyA karatA hU~ / 22 tattvArthasUtra ke cauthe adhyAya meM lokAntika devoM ko 'devarSi' kahA hai !
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________________ sapTembara 2009 149 devarSi 'nau' haiM / yadyapi inameM 'devarSi nArada' spaSTata: se nahIM kahA hai tathApi devarSiyoM ke guNavizeSa dekhakara yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki yaha devarSi nArada ke vyaktitva se bahuta hI nikaTatA dikhAyI detI hai| unakA parittasaMsArI honA, viSayarati se pare honA, devoM dvArA pUjita honA tathA caudaha pUrvo ke jJAtA aura tIrthaMkara honA ye saba vizeSa devarSi nArada ke vyaktitva se mela khAte haiM / lokAntika devoM kA nivAsasthAna 'brahmaloka' nAmaka pA~cavA svarga hai| unake indra ko 'brahmA' kahate haiM / 23 vaidika mAnyatA ke anusAra bhI devaloka meM arthAt svargaloka meM vAstavya karanevAle RSiyoM ko 'devarSi' kahate haiM / devarSi 'dasa' haiN| aura unameM se pahalI ginatI nArada kI hai / 24 rAmAyaNa, bhagavadgItA aura bhAgavatapurANa meM nArada ko 'devarSi' kahA hai| isa paramparA ke anusAra ve deva dvArA pUjita hai tathA trailokyajJAtA tathA viSayarati se pare haiN| bhAgavatapurANa meM nArada ko brahmA kA mAnasaputra kahA hai|5, yaha bAta bhI vizeSa lakSaNIya hai| tattvArthasUtra meM lokAntika devoM kI ginatI karate samaya 'nArada' nAmaka vyaktigata ullekha nahIM kiyA hai / tathApi 'devarSi' nAmaka uparyukta vizeSatAoM se sampanna 'pada' kI nirmitI karake use 'devarSi' nAmAbhidhAna diyA hogA / devarSi nAma kA upayoga karate hue unake mana meM kahIMnA kahIM nArada ke vyaktimatva kI chAyA jarUra chAyI hogii| tattvArthasUtra ke daivatazAstra meM do bAra devarSi nArada kA jikra kyoM kiyA? isa prazna kA samAdhAna hama DhUMDha sakate haiM / aupapAtika upAGgasUtra meM nAradIya parivrAjakoM ko vyantaragati prApta hone kA ullekha hai / 26 isI vajaha se tattvArtha meM vyantaradevoM meM unakI gaNanA kI hogI / tathApi 'devanAradeNa arahatA isiNA buiyaM' isa RSibhASitagata vAkya se sUcita usakA devarSirUpa AdaraNIya sthAna unhoMne lokAntika devoM ke 'devarSi' nAma se sUcita kiyA hai ! sAkSAt 'nArada' nAma kA ullekha nahIM hai| tattvArthasUtrakAra ke sAmane hindu aura jaina paramparA ke jitane bhI nAradaviSayaka sandarbha the, unapara socavicArakara unhoMne AdaraNIya vyaktitva ke rUpa meM 'devarSi' nAmaka lokAntika devoM ko sthAna diyA hogA / tathA vicaraNazIla
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________________ 150 anusandhAna 49 nArada ko vyantaradevoM meM rakhA hogaa| nArada ke prati saMbhramAvasthA kA hala tattvArthane isa prakAra nikaalaa| jJAtAdharmakathA meM 'kacchullanArada' : ardhamAgadhI kA chaThA aGgagrantha jJAtAdharmakathA kA kAla prAyaH isavI kI pA~cavI zatAbdI kA mAnya ho cukA hai| isake solahaveM draupadI-adhyayana meM nArada kA vistRta citraNa pAyA jAtA hai| isameM nArada kA citraNa bilakula alaga taraha se kiyA hai| pUre adhyayana meM ise 'kacchullanArada' saMjJA se hI nirdezita kiyA hai| use 'RSi', 'devarSi', 'anagAra', 'parivrAjaka Adi vizeSaNoM se sambodhita nahIM kiyA hai| jaina paramparA meM anyatra itanI bar3I mAtrA meM nArada kA vyaktigata zArIrika varNana nahIM pAyA jAtA jitanA ki jJAtAdharmakathA meM zabdAGkita hai| ye 'kacchullanArada' yAne kalahapriya athavA akacchaparidhAnavAle nArada, darzana meM atibhadra, bAhara se vinamra antaraGga meM kaluSita, madhyastha, saumya, priyadarzana, surUpa, nirmala vastra paridhAna karanevAle, mRgacarma kA uttarIya pahananevAle, daNDa-kamaNDalusahita, jaTArUpI muguTa pahananevAle, yajJopavIta tathA rudrAkSamAlA dhAraNa karanevAle, muMja kI mekhalA dhAraNa karanevAle, gItapriya, AkAzagamana karanevAle tathA pRthvIpara bhI utaranevAle, saMkrAmaNistambhinI Adi vidyAdharoM kI vidyAoM se sampanna, balarAma-kRSNasahita sabhI yAdavoM ke vallabha, vAgyuddha meM paTu, kalaha ke abhilASI isa prakAra ke the / 28 ukta vizeSoMsahita nArada paNDurAjA ke bhavana meM padhArate haiM / eka draupadI choDakara sabhI nArada kA Adara-vandana Adi karate haiM ! draupadI unheM 'asaMyata' mAnakara sammAna nahIM detii| nArada mana hI mana draupadI ke pA~ca pati hone kA garva haraNa karane kI bAta socate haiM / dhAtakIkhaNDa meM sthita avarakaMkA nagarI ke padmanAbha rAjA ko draupadI kA saundaryavarNana karake ukasAte haiM / pariNAmavaza padmanAbha rAjA devatAdvArA draupadI kA apaharaNa karatA hai| bAda meM kRSNa vAsudeva ko isakI khabara bhI detA hai / kathA meM akasmAt avatIrNa hokara nArada, usI taraha se kathAnaka se nivRtta hote haiM / * nArada ke prati 'kacchulla' zabda kA upayoga bhI sirpha jJAtA meM hI
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________________ sapTembara 2009 * pAyA jAtA hai I jJAtAdharmakathA meM 'kacchullanArada' zabda kA prayoga karake kathAkAra ne usake kalahazIla tathA anAdaraNIya aMzoM kA pakaDakara praztuta karanA taya kiyA hai / uparyukta anya vizeSaNoM meM bhI unake prati anAdaraNIyatA hI jyAdA jhalakatI haiM / 151 jJAtAkAra kI dRSTi se nArada 'kRSNacaritra' se jur3e hue haiM I 'draupadI apaharaNa kI ghaTanA tathA nArada se isakA sambandha' yaha bAta jJAtAkAra kI apanI khuda kI pratibhAnirmitI hai / jJAtA ke pUrva ke donoM paramparAoM ke kisI bhI grantha se draupadI - apaharaNa kA ullekha nahIM pAyA jAtA / draupadI dvArA anAdara tathA anyadvArA AdarabhAva dikhAne meM jJAtAkAra kI saMbhramita avasthA dikhAI detI hai / nArada ke vyaktitva ke brAhmaNatvasUcaka vizeSaNa khAsa tarIke se pallavita karanA tathA draupadI se use 'asaMyata' kahalavAnA Adi bAtoM se sUcita hotA hai ki jaina paramparA meM aba sAmpradAyika abhiniveza ne praveza kiyA hai / yaha kathA AgamapraviSTa hone ke kAraNa, bAda ke aneka granthakAroM ne striyoM dvArA anAdara, draupadI kA apaharaNa Adi vividha ghaTanAoM se nArada ko 'mithaka' ke svarUpa meM svIkArakara vividha prakAra se kathAe~ prastuta kI / kyoMki yahI kathA alpasvalpa parivartanoM ke sAtha hameM dazavaikAlikaTIkA 9, kalpasUtraTIkA, AkhyAnakamaNikoza", pravacanasAroddhAra", zIlopadezamAlA - bAlAvabodha, upadezapadaTIkA 4 Adi granthoM meM milatI hai| matalaba jaina mAhaula meM nArada ke isa prakAra ke citraNa kI paramparA nAyAdhammakA se zurU huI / nArada ke vyaktitva ke kalahapriyatA kA yaha aMza hama brAhmaNa paramparA se bhI DhUMDha sakate haiM lekina isa aMza kA itanI tIvratA se tathA spaSTatA se citraNa brAhmaNa paramparA meM nahIM pAyA jAtA / brAhmaNa paramparA meM yaha bhI dikhAyA
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________________ 152 anusandhAna 49 gayA hai ki nAradadvArA upasthita kalahoM kA pariNAma antimata: acchA aura kalyANakara hotA hai| harizcandra se varuNadevatA ke prItyartha yajJa karane kI salAha dekara putraprApti karavAnA tathA bAda meM indra aura varuNa ke ApasI kalaha kA phAyadA uThavAkara 'naramedha' TAlakara usa putra ko indra ke dvArA bacAnA yaha saba kArya 'nArada' bahuta hI kuzalatA se karate haiM / yaha saba vRttAnta aitareya brAhmaNa se prApta hotA hai / 35 yadyapi aitareya brAhmaNane nArada kI kalahapriyatA sUcita kI hai tathApi usake pariNAma antimataH bhale hI hote haiM / isa kathA meM aitareya brAhmaNa ne nArada kI naramedhavirodhitA tathA unakI rAjanItipaTutA para prakAza DAlA hai / Rgveda meM citrita kANva nArada kI vyaktirekhA se ye do aMza acchI taraha milatejulate haiM / rAmAyaNa ke uttarakANDa meM rAvaNa nArada se kahatA hai ki yuddha ke dRzya dekhanA Apako bahuta hI priya hai / 36 rAmAyaNa ke isa kathAbhAga meM yaha sUcita nahIM kiyA hai ki nArada yuddha karavAte haiM lekina yahI yuddhapriyatA kA aMza jJAtAdharmakathA ne uThAkara spaSTa zabda meM kahA hai ki yaha nArada 'kalahajuddhakolAhalappiya' tathA 'bhaMDaNAbhilAsI' hai| svarga se pArijAtaka kA phUla lAkara nArada, satyabhAmA aura rukmiNI meM kalaha karavAte haiM tathA satyabhAmA se kRSNa kA dAna dekara use pratibodhita karake kRSNa ko phira vApasa dete haiM / viSNupurANa ke ina kathAoM meM nArada kI kalahapriyatA dRggocara hotI hai| kathA kI racanA tathA zabdayojanA isa kuzalatA se hI hai ki usase nArada ke mana kI daSitatA nahIM dikhAyI detI lekina usakA ha~sImajAkavAlA svabhAva pragaTa hotA hai / / mArkaNDeyapurANa ke eka prasaMga ke anusAra nArada, indrasabhA meM jAkara apsarAoM kA Apasa meM kalaha karavAtA hai / 38 isa kalaha ke pIche durvAsaRSi ko antarmukha karavAne kA uddezya spaSTataH dikhAyI detA hai| bhAgavatapurANa, viSNupurANa, mArkaNDeyapurANa meM nArada ke striyoM ke samparka meM Ane kI tathA nirAsakta brahmacaryapAlana kI jo bAta uThAyI hai,
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________________ 153 sapTembara 2009 usakA mUla hameM mahAbhArata meM milatA hai / mahAbhArata meM kahA hai ki vividha viSayoM meM satata jijJAsA rakhanevAle nArada ne paMcacUDA se strIsvabhAva samajha liyA thA / sAmAnyataH striyoM meM upasthita matsara aura kalahapriyatA ke aMza nArada ne unake samparka meM Akara adhika pariSkRta kiye hue dikhAyI dete haiM / bhAgavatapurANa, viSNupurANa tathA mArkaNDeyapurANa Adi purANoM se nArada kI kalahapriyatA tathA strIsamparka ye donoM mudde uThAkara jaina granthakAroM ne vividha granthoM meM prastuta kiye hue dikhAyI dete haiN| purANoM kI tulanA meM jaina granthoM meM AdaraNIyatA to kama dikhAyI detI hai / uparilikhita saba carcA kA phalita yaha hai ki yadyapi jJAtAkAra ne 'kacchullanArada' kahakara nArada ke prati anAdaraNIyatA pragaTa kI hai tathApi RSibhASita meM aMkita nArada ke prati AdaraNIyatA kA bhAva usake mana se pUrI taraha ojhala nahIM huA hai / isI vajaha se usane paNDu, kRSNa, kuntI AdidvArA nArada kA sammAnita bhAva bhI dikhAyA hai aura usake nIca gatigAmI hone kA koI saMketa nahIM diyA hai / aupapAtika meM 'nAradIya parivrAjaka' : aupapAtikasUtra meM vividha prakAra ke samakAlIna tApasoM ke AcAra kA saMkSipta vivecana kiyA hai / usameM ATha brAhmaNa jAti ke parivrAjakoM meM nArada kI gaNanA kI hai| Azcarya kI bAta yaha hai ki nArada ko eka vyakti mAnakara usake vizeSaNa, usakI kathAe~ yahA~ bilakula nahIM dI hai / aupapAtika meM hI Age jAkara nAradIya parivrAjakoM ke AcAra kA varNana TIkAkAra ne diyA hai / kahA hai ki, "ye nAradIya parivrAjaka dAnadharma kI, zaucadharma kI, tIrthAbhiSeka Adi kI saba bAteM janatA ko acchI taraha samajhAte hue janatA meM vicarate rahate haiM / 41 aupapAtika ke TIkAkAra ke kAla taka (bArahavI zatAbdI) devarSi nArada se zurU huI paramparA kA eka saMkIrtanAtmaka bhaktisampradAya jarUra banA hogA / kyoMki TIkAkAra kahate haiM ki, 'ye saba kRSNa kI bhakti karanevAle haiM / ' lagatA hai ki upadeza aura guNasaMkIrtana unakI vizeSatAe~ hoMgI /
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________________ 154 anusandhAna 49 aupapAtika meM unake AgAmI gati kA varNana hai / kahA hai ki, "ye nAradIya parivrAjaka vyantaradeva hoMge athavA jyAdA se jyAdA brahmaloka nAmaka pA~caveM svarga meM jAyeMge / " vedottarakAlIna paurANika paramparA meM gyArahavI-bArahavI zatAbdI se vividha bhaktisampradAyoM kA jo udgama mAnA jAtA hai, usake sUcaka sandarbha hameM aupapAtika (pA~cavI-chaThI zatI) tathA aupapAtika TIkA se prApta hote haiM / Avazyakaniyukti tathA AvazyakaTIkA meM 'nAradotpatti' : nArada ke mAtApitA tathA adhyayana Adi kA varNana jaina paramparA meM prathamataH Avazyakaniyukti 2 tathA AvazyakaTIkA43 meM dikhAI detA hai| nArada ke mAtApitA tathA dAdAdAdI ke 'yajJayaza' Adi nAma brAhmaNa paramparA ke sUcaka haiM / unake tApasa hone kA bhI kathana hai / jisa uJchavRtti kA yahA~ nirdeza hai, usakA vizeSa varNana hameM mahAbhArata meM milatA hai| bAlaka nArada ke Upara jRmbhaka devoM ne kRpA karanA tathA prajJapti Adi granthoM kA paThana karavAnA ye ghaTanAe~ unake zramaNa paramparA ke najadIka hone kI sUcanA detI haiM / maNipAdukA tathA kAMcanakuNDikA ke ullekha punaH unake brAhmaNatva ke hI dyotaka haiM / AvazyakaTIkAntargata kathA kA uttarArdha RSibhASita ke prathama adhyayana kA kathana karanevAle nArada kI pUrvapIThikA spaSTa karane ke lie likhA gayA hai / vAsudeva kRSNa nArada ko 'zauca' zabda kA artha pUchate haiM / nArada sImandharasvAmI ko pUchakara usakA artha jAna lete haiM ki 'zauca 'satya' hai / ' vAsudeva kRSNa nArada ko 'satya' ke artha para vicAraNA karane ko bAdhya karate haiM / satya kA vizeSa artha khojate khojate nArada ko 'jAtismaraNa' prApta hotA hai aura ve 'pratyekabuddha' ho jAte haiM / TIkAkAra harIbhadra ke anusAra yahI 'pratyekabuddha nArada' RSibhASita ke prathama adhyayana kA kathana karate haiM / vizeSa ullekhanIya bAta yaha hai ki RSibhASita ke 'soyavva' zabda kA artha haribhadra ne 'zrotavya' na karake 'zauca' kiyA hai / pratyekabuddhatva kI prApti ke bAda unake hI mukha se cAturyAma dharma kA prarUpaNa karavAyA hai / AThavIM zatI meM vidyamAna haribhadrasUri dIkSApUrvakAla meM brAhmaNa paramparA ke hone se unake sAmane manu tathA yAjJavalkya smRtiyA~ maujUda hoMgI / manusmRti meM miTTI
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________________ sapTembara 2009 aura pAnI se honevAlI zuddhatA ke bajAya manaH zauca tathA satyAcaraNa kI zuddhatA kA mahattva batAyA hai / 45 jaina AcArazAstra meM bhAvazuddhi ko agrima mahattva diyA gayA hai, yaha bAta to suparicita hI hai / RSibhASita ke 'nArada' ko AdaraNIya rUpa se prastuta karanevAlA haribhadra bhI nArada ke bAre meM dikhAyI denevAlI saMbhramAvasthA se nahIM chUTe, kyoMki dazavaikAlikaTIkA meM ve kahate haiM ki, 'kAmakathA yathA nAradena rukmiNIrUpaM dRSTvA vAsudevena kRtA / 46 isI TIkA meM draupadI ke apaharaNa ke prasaMga meM bhI nArada kI bhUmikA kA ullekha hai / 155 yadyapi jaina paramparA meM donoM prakAra ke nArada citrita haiM tathApi RSibhASita meM zabdAGkita nArada kI pUrI kathA dekara, haribhadrane AdaraNIya nArada ke prati apanA jhukAva spaSTa kiyA hai / hindu paurANika paramparA meM bhAgavatapurANa, vAyupurANa, brahmANDapurANa 49 aura brahmavaivartapurANa" meM nAradotpattiviSayaka vividha kathAe~ dI gayI haiM / bhAgavatapurANa tathA brahmavaivartapurANa meM nArada ko dAsIputra bhI kahA hai ! jaina sAhitya ke kisI bhI grantha meM nArada ke dAsIputra hone kA jikra kahIM bhI nahIM kiyA hai| nArada kI utpattiviSayaka kathA sirpha haribhadra ne hI dI hai aura usako yajJadatta aura somayazA kA putra batAkara unakA brAhmaNatva hI spaSTa kiyA hai / hindu purANoM meM aMkita nArada ke nimnajAtIya hone kI bAta uttaravartI jaina granthakAroM ne kyoM nahIM uThAyI hogI ? isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki jaina zAstra meM janmAdhAra jAti ko kabhI bhI mahattva nahIM diyA jAtA, 'AdhyAtmika yogyatA' hI pUjyatAkA AdhAra mAnI gayI hai / trilokaprajJapti meM 'atirudra' nArada : zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM vizeSa lakSaNIya puruSoM kI pratyeka utsarpiNI - avasarpiNI meM punarAvRtta honevAlI eka paramparA uddhRta kI gayI hai / yauvanna mahApuruSa athavA tirasaTha zalAkApuruSoM kI paramparA to suparicita hai lekina sAtavIM zatAbdI ke zaurasenI bhASAracita trilokaprajJapti grantha meM rudra, nArada aura kAmadevoM kI bhI hara yuga meM nau nau saMkhyA batAyI haiM / triloprajJapti ke sivA anya koI grantha meM isakA nirdeza nahIM hai / trilokaprajJapti ke caturtha I T
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________________ 156 mahAdhikAra meM likhA hai ki, " bhIma, mahAbhIma, rudra, mahArudra, kAla, mahAkAla, durmukha, narakamukha aura adhomukha ye nau nArada hueN| ye saba nArada atirudra hote hue dUsaroM ko rulAyA karate haiM aura pApa ke nidhAna hote haiM / saba hI nArada kalaha evaM mahAyuddhapriya hone se vAsudevoM ke samAna adhogAmI arthAt naraka ko prApta hue / ina nAradoM kI UMcAI, Ayu aura tIrthaMkaradevoM ke pratyakSabhAvAdika ke viSaya meM hamAre lie upadeza naSTa ho cukA hai| tIrthaMkara, cakravartI, baladeva, nArAyaNa, rudra, nArada, kAmadeva ye saba bhavya hote hue niyama se siddha hote haiM / 151 zodhanibandha meM aba taka ullikhita grantha meM nArada ke bAre meM jitanI jAnakArI milatI hai usase sarvathA alaga aura cauMkA denevAlI yaha jAnakArI hai / * anusandhAna 49 nArada ke vyaktimattva ke saba nindanIya aMza ikaTThA karake, vAsudeva Adi kI taraha eka padavizeSa kI nirmiti karate hue, vAsudeva ke samparka meM hamezA rahane ke kAraNa, unako bhI prathamataH narakagAmI banAyA hai| nArada ke narakagAmI hone kA ullekha bhI sirpha trilokaprajJapti kI vizeSatA hai / kalahapriya evaM nindanIya nArada ko 'kAvyagata nyAya' (Poetic Justice) ke anusAra lekhaka ne narakagAmI banAyA hogA / tathApi RSibhASita kA AdaraNIya sthAna dhyAna meM rakhate hue, AgAmI janma meM nArada kI siddhagati batAkara, lekhaka ne apanI dRSTi se yaha gutthI sulajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai / vimalasUrikRta paumacariyaM meM nArada 'eka mithaka' : upalabdha rAmAyaNa meM bAlakANDa tathA uttarakANDa meM nArada kI vyaktirekhA aMkita kI hai| bIca meM kahIM bhI nArada kA vRttAnta nahIM hai / rAmAyaNa ke cikitsaka abhyAsaka bAlakANDa aura uttarakANDa ko prakSipta mAnate haiM / agara vimalasUri ke sAmane donoM kANDa hoMge to unhoMne apanI pratibhA aura sarjanazIlatA ke anurUpa nArada ko rAmakathA ke bIca gU~thA hogA / agara vimalasUri ke sAmane (isavI kI cauthI zatI) donoM kANDa nahIM hoMge
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________________ sapTembara 2009 157 to sambhAvanA yaha bhI hai ki itane sAre nAradaviSayaka ullekha jaina rAmAyaNa meM pAne para vAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM prakSepasvarUpa nArada kI vyaktirekhA joDI gayI hogI / vimalasUri ke sAmane nAradasambandhI pUrvavartI jaina dhAraNAyeM jarUra rahI hoMgI / tathApi pAramparika rUpa se kisI bhI taraha nArada kA aMtarbhAva na karake, pahalI bAra nArada kA sambandha vimalasUri ne rAmakathA se joDA / kRSNakathA se juDA huA rAma, itanI bAra aura itane prasaGgoM meM aura itane alagaalaga tarIke se 'paumacariyaM' meM AyA hai ki, hama kaha sakate haiM ki vimalasUri ne hindu aura jaina donoM paramparAoM se jur3e hue nArada kI vyaktirekhA kA, rAmakathA meM eka 'mithaka' kI taraha upayoga kiyA hai / nArada ke mukha se yajJahiMsA kA virodha, nArada kA jaTAdhArI brAhmaNa honA53, yajJavirodha ke lie dUsare brAhmaNa dvArA pITe jAnA, 'aja' zabda kA sahI artha batAnA55, nArada kA prasaGgopAtta bhayabhIta honA aura dUsaroM dvArA pakaDe jAnA, bhAmaNDala ke mana meM sItA ke prati AkarSaNa utpanna karanA 6, rAmarAvaNa yuddha kI khabara kauzalyA ko denA57, nirdoSa sItA ke tyAga ke lie rAma ko doSI mAnanA, sItA ke duHkha se bhAvavibhora honA, 'lava' aura 'kuza' ko patnIpara anyAya karanevAle rAma kI kathA sunAnA, donoM ko rAma ko parAjita kara rAjya lene kI salAha denA", lava aura kuza ke janma kI khabara lakSmaNa ko denA i. aneka mahattvapUrNa kArya vimalasUri ne nArada ke dvArA karavAye haiN| rAmakathA meM nArada ko lAne ke kaI kAraNa vimalasUri ke mana meM ho sakate haiN| unheM vAlmIki rAmAyaNa kI asambhavanIya aura atArkika bAteM sambhAvanA kI koTi meM lAnI hai / kathA ke truTita dhAge jor3akara kathA kA dhArApravAha banAye rakhanA hai| Adarzavat rAma ne cAritryasampanna sItA para uThAye gae kalaGka ko spaSTa zabdoM meM aMkita karane kA unakA irAdA hai / rAmarAvaNa yuddha kI ayodhyAvAsiyoM ko khabara na honA unheM ThIka nahIM lagA hogA / ye saba kAma karavAne ke lie unheM nArada ke vyaktitva ke aneka cittAkarSaka aMza upayukta lage aura unhoMne unakA manaHpUta prayoga kiyA /
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________________ 158 anusandhAna 49 jaina paramparA meM nArada kA vyaktitva pramukhatA se kRSNakathAsambandhita hI hai / yadyapi apane mahAkAvya meM vimalasUri ne nArada kA yathAsambhava upayojana kiyA tathApi eka do apavAda choDakara paravartI jaina rAmakathA meM nArada kI vyaktirekhA kA isa prakAra pracalana nahIM huA / isa bAta se bhI yaha siddha hotA hai ki rAmAyaNa ke prati vimalasUri 'kAvyadRSTi' se dekhate the, 'itihAsadRSTi' se nahIM / kathA ko Age bar3hAne ke lie jisa prakAra vimalasUri ne nArada ke mithaka kA upayoga kara liyA hai, vaha vADmayIna dRSTi se kAphI sarAhanIya hai / vasudevahiNDI meM nArada ke 'vivida rUpa' : (1) devanArada : lagabhaga chaThThI zatAbdI ke vasudevahiNDI grantha meM prathamata: 'nArada' kA ullekha vyantaradevoM ke upaprakAra gandharvadevoM meM pAyA jAtA hai / ve gAyana se sambandhita haiM tathA devayoni ke anusAra 'vikuvarNA' bhI karate haiM / isa devasvarUpa nArada kA jainIkaraNa karake, unheM AgamAnurUpa sumadhura gItagAyana karanevAle tathA jinoM ke guNavarNana karanevAle batAye haiM / ye nArada 'tumbaru' se sambandhita hai / 69 (2) ahiMsAvAdI brAhmaNa nArada : vasudevahiNDI meM hI ahiMsAvAdI brAhmaNa nArada ke sambandha meM kucha vRttAnta kahe gaye haiM / kSIrakadamba guru kA yaha ziSya nArada, guru kI hiMsApradhAna AjJA kA, ahiMsaka paddhati se anvayArtha dene kI koziza karatA hai / "jahA~ koI dekheM nahIM, vahA~ 'chagala' yAne aja mAro" isa vAkya kA artha nArada lagAte haiM ki isa pRthvItala para eka bhI jagaha aisI nahIM hai, jahA~ koI dekhatA nahIM / vanaspatiyoM ke sacetana hone kA yahA~ vizeSa vicAra kiyA hai2, jo jaina siddhAnta ke anusAra hai / nArada - parvataka aura vasu kI kathA, jo mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva meM tathA vimalasUri ke 'paumacariyaM' meM uddhRta haiM, vahI kathA vasudevahiNDI meM gadyasvarUpa meM prastuta hai / 'aja' zabda ke do artha hai eka chala chaMgala --
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________________ sapTembara 2009 159 aura dUsarA aMkurita na honevAle jau / isameM se dUsarA artha yahA~ nArada ko apekSita hai to unhoMne 'dayApakSa' se lagAyA hai / yaha nArada pazuvadharahita tathA sampUrNa ahiMsAvAdI yajJa kA puraskartA hai / vitathavAdI parvataka jaba svayaM ke jihvAcheda para utara AtA hai, taba nArada isa prakAra kI hiMsA kA niSedha karatA hai / sagara kI kathA sunakara antimataH yaha nArada pravrajita hotA hai / 64 ahiMsAvAdI, pazuyajJavirodhI nArada kI 'pravrajyA' yAne 'dIkSA' kA yaha ullekha vasudevahiNDI kI apanI vizeSatA hai / ( 3 ) neminArada : vasudevahiNDI meM hI 'neminArada' nAma ke vyaktisambandhita kucha vRttAnta haiM / yaha nArada, nemi yAne ariSTanemi ke tIrtha meM huA hai / yaha nArada kRSNa, rukmiNI, satyabhAmA tathA pradyumna se jur3A huA hai / kRSNa-rukmiNI ke vivAha meM isakI bhUmikA mahattvapUrNa hai / nArada ke dvArA satyabhAmA tathA rukmiNI ke bIca yaha nArada 'kalaha' nahIM khar3A karatA / isa nArada kI avajJA tathA anAdara kisI bhI strI ke dvArA nahIM hotA / pradyumna ke apaharaNa ke prasaGga meM yaha rukmiNI kI madada karatA hai / yaha sarvasaMcArI hai tathA utpatanI- vidyA kA dhAraka hai / vAsudeva isake bAre meM kahate haiM, "so esa -- amhANaM kulassa alaMkArabhUo jaha risINaM NArado / 65 ( 4 ) kacchulanArada : vasudevahiNDI meM kacchallanArada ke sambandha meM eka-do saMkSipta vRttAnta Aye haiM / 'kacchullanArada' zabdaprayoga se lagatA hai ki lekhaka ko jJAtAdharmakathA kA nArada apekSita hai / jJAtAdharma meM jo asaMyata, kalahapriya tathA bhramaNazIla nArada aMkita kiyA hai usakI thoDIsI jhalaka yahA~ dikhAyI detI hai / 'kacchullanArada' vizeSaNa ko lekhaka TAla nahIM sakA lekina draupadI kA apaharaNa, draupadIdvArA anAdara Adi sandarbha unheM maMjUra nahIM hai / eka anya jagaha striyoM dvArA anAdara dikhAyA to hai lekina eka nATyaprayoga meM barbarI, kirAtI Adi striyoM ke dvArA dikhAyA hai / mahattvapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki kacchullanArada ke sandarbha meM lekhaka kahate haiM ki, 'kacchulanArayassa ya vijjA''gamasIlarUvaaNusarisA savvesu khettesu savvakAlaM nAradA 44
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________________ 160 anusandhAna 49 bhavaMti / '66 arthAt yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki yugayuga meM honevAle kacchullanArada kI parikalpanA trilokaprajJapti ke anusAra inheM bhI maMjUra hai / vasudevahiNDI meM uddhRta sabhI nAradaviSayaka sandarthoM kI chAnabIna karane ke bAda yaha lagatA hai ki inake sAmane, inake pUrva jo-jo bhI nArada prastuta kiye gaye haiM una sabhI kA samAveza yahA~ kahIM nA kahIM kiyA hai / lekina paumacariyaM se 'aja-vasu' vRttAnta svIkAra karake bhI inhoMne nArada ko rAmacarita se kahIM bhI joDA nahIM hai| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki "nArada eka hai, do haiM, tIna haiM yA yugayuga meM honevAle aneka haiM" isake bAre meM vasudevahiNDI ke lekhaka kucha saMbhramita avasthA meM hI hai / lekina unake prastutIkaraNa kI zailI se yaha vidita hotA hai ki unakA jhukAva AdaraNIya nArada ke prati jAdA hai| AkhyAnakamaNikoza-TIkA meM 'kalahapriya' nArada : AkhyAnamaNikoza-TIkA meM (bArahavIM sadI) nAradasambandhI vRttAMta cAra alagaalaga kathAoM meM Aye haiM / jaina tathA hindu paramparA meM bikhare hue aneka vRttAntoM se lekhaka ne cAra vRttAnta isa prakAra cune haiM jisameM nArada kI kalahapriyatA evaM yuddhapriyatA spaSTataH dikhAyI detI hai / kAlaviparyaya tathA ekAMgI citraNa AkhyAnakamaNikoza ke nArada kI vizeSatA hai / nAyAdhammakathA kA kacchullanArada hI isakA preraNAsthAna hai| eka jagaha nArada kA ullekha 'RSinArada' ke taura para kiyA hai lekina RSibhASita kA yahA~ koI bhI jikra nahIM kiyA hai / RSabhadeva ke yuddhapara utare hue putroM kI khabara nArada, vidyAdhara pralhAda rAjA ko detA hai| rAma aura rAvaNa ke bIca saMgharSa ke bIja bhI nArada dvArA hI boye gaye haiM / draupadIdvArA apamAnita hokara, usake apaharaNa ke lie padmanAbha rAjA ko yahI nArada ukasAtA hai / satyabhAmA se apamAnita hone ke kAraNa yaha kRSNa aura rukmiNI kA vivAha karavAtA hai / 67 inakA 'brAhmaNatva' to lekhaka ne spaSTa kiyA hai lekina inakA pratyekabuddhatva yA pravrajyA Adi ke koI saMketa nahIM diye haiM / kAlaviparyAsAtmaka saMbhramAvasthA to inameM hai lekina nArada kI kalahapriyatA ke bAre meM unakI dvidhAvasthA nahIM hai|
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________________ sapTembara 2009 zIlopadezamAlA meM 'janamAraka' nArada : bArahavI sadI meM jayasiMhagaNi ne jaina mahArASTrI bhASA meM race hue zIlopadezamAlA grantha meM 'nArada' ke sandarbha meM prayukta ekameva zloka nAradasambandhI sambhramAvasthA kA atyucca zikhara mAnA jA sakatA hai / ve kahate haiM kalikArao vi janamArao vi sAvajja- joganirao vi / jaM nArao vi sijjhai taM khalu sIlassa mAhappaM // gAthA kra0 12 jisa zIla ke mAhAtmya kA yahA~ jikra kiyA hai usa zIlapAlana kI tArkika asaMbhAvyatA isa gAthA meM nihita hai / kalikAraka, janamAraka tathA sAvadyayoganirata nArada isa janma meM 'zIlapAlana karanevAlA honA' kataI sambhava nahIM hai / jaina paramparA ke anusAra bIca ke janma meM agara usane naraka athavA devagati prApta kI hai to ina donoM gatiyoM meM vratadhAraNa zIlapAlana AdirUpa puruSArtha kI bhI guMjAIza nahIM hai / isalie gAthA kI dvitIya paMkti meM nArada ke siddhagati prApta karane kA ullekha hama saMbhramAvasthA kA dyotaka mAna sakate haiM / 161 isa grantha kI bAlAvabodha - TIkA meM merusundaragaNi ne parvataka- nArada vRttAnta, rukmiNI-satyabhAmA vRttAnta tathA nArada kI upAdhyAya dvArA parIkSA Adi kathAe~ saMkSepa meM uddhRta kI haiN| lekina nArada ke 'janamAraka' hone kA udAharaNa TIkA meM prastuta nahIM kiyA hai / TIkAkAra kI dRSTi nArada ke prati mUla lekhaka se adhika AdaraNIyatA kI dikhAyI detI hai / 68 bhAgavatapurANa meM nAradaviSayaka 'parasparavirodhI aMza' : I bhAgavatapurANa ke prAya: sabhI skandhoM meM nAradaviSayaka ullekha bhare paDe hue haiN| ve saba aMza agara ekatrita kiye jAe to unameM parasparavirodhitA spaSTataH najara AtI hai / jaise ki- vyAsadvArA devarSi nArada kI vidhipUrvaka pUjA, brahmA ke indriyoM se nArada kA pragaTa honA, bhagavAn kI kRpA se trailokyasaMcArI honA 1, viSNu ke caubIsa avatAroM meM se tisarA avatAra honA 72, dakSaputroM ko nArada dvArA gRhasthAzramI na banakara virakta hone kA upadeza, dakSa ke zApa se prabhAvita hokara brahmacArI bananA tathA kalaha macAte hue bhramaNa
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________________ 162 anusandhAna 49 karanA74, kaMsa ko devakI ke saba putra mArane kI salAha denA5, sAvarNi manuprAcInabI-pracetA tathA dharmarAja Adi ko jJAnopadeza denA 6 Adi / zrAmaNika paramparA kA aura vizeSataH uttarAdhyayana meM nihita yajJaviSayaka vicAra kI yAda dilAnevAlA eka vizeSa ullekha bhAgavatapurANa meM pAyA jAtA hai| gRhasthoM ke lie mokSadharma kA varNana karate hue nArada kahatA hai ki, "kisI bhI prANI ko mana, vANI aura zarIra se kisI prakAra kA kaSTa na diyA jAya / isIse koI koI yajJa tatva ko jAnevAle jJAnI, jJAna ke dvArA prajvalita AtmasaMyamarUpa agni meM ina karmamaya yajJoM kA havana kara dete haiM aura bAhya karmakalApoM se uparata ho jAte haiM / " uttarAdhyayana ke yajJaviSayaka vicAroM kA bhAgavatapurANa ke sAtha zabdasAmya honA bahuta hI lakSaNIya bAta hai / Rgveda, atharvaveda79 aitareya brAhmaNa tathA mahAbhArata meM nArada kA ahiMsaka yajJa ke prati jo jhukAva spaSTataH dikhAyI detA hai vahI pravRtti bhAgavatapurANa ke uparyukta ullekha meM nihita hai| lekina Rgveda se lekara mahAbhArata taka nArada kA jo susaMgata, hiMsakayajJavirodhI tathA AdaraNIya citraNa dikhAyI detA hai vaha bhAgavatapurANa meM kalahapriyatA, striyoM ke samparka meM rahanA Adi nindanIya aMzoM se yukta hokara saMbhramAvasthA meM dikhAyI detA hai| kintu nArada ke prati AdaraNIyatA bhI bArabAra dikhAyI gayI hai| ardhamAgadhI Agamagrantha RSibhASita meM nArada kA jo AdaraNIya sthAna hai usakI puSTi hama mahAbhArata taka ke granthoM meM nihita nAradaviSayaka AdaraNIyatA se kara sakate haiM / ardhamAgadhI Agamagrantha IsavI kI pA~cavI zatAbdI meM likhita svarUpa meM Ae / nandI-2 aura anuyogadvArasUtra.3 ina granthoM meM 'mahAbhArata' kA ullekha 'bhArata' (bhAraha) zabda se kiyA hai matalaba mahAvIra ke kAla meM mahAbhArata ke dvitIya saMskaraNa kI prakriyA jArI rahI hoMgI / agara RSibhASita ko mahAvIravANI mAnI jAya to samakAlIna samAja meM pracalita nAradaviSayaka AdaraNIya avadhAraNA hI usameM pratibimbita dikhAyI detI hai| yadyapi nAyAdhammakahA grantha ardhamAgadhI aGgaAgamagranthoM meM ginAyA jAtA hai tathApi prAkRta ke abhyAsakoM ne bhASA aura viSaya kI dRSTi se use pA~cavI-chaThI zatAbdI ke bAda kA hI grantha mAnA hai| prAyaH cauthI-pA~cavI zatI
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________________ sapTembara 2009 163 ke prAkRta kathAtmaka jaina granthoMpara bhAgavatapurANa, viSNupurANa Adi meM nihita aMzoM kA samAntara rUpa se prabhAvita hotA jA rahA hai, yaha bAta dikhAyI detI hai / isI vajaha se nAyAdhamma tathA uttaravartI aneka kathAgranthoM meM nArada kA anAdaraNIya rUpa hI dRggocara hotA hai / upasaMhAra : * jaina paramparA ne nArada ko 'RSi', 'devanArada' tathA 'anagAra' ina zabdoM se vyAhRta kiyA hai / use kahIM bhI 'maharSi' tathA 'devarSi' sambodhita nahIM kiyA hai| donoM paramparAoM ne nArada kA 'brAhmaNatva' tathA 'brahmacaryatva' spaSTatA se kahA hai / nArada kA jaTAsahita honA, pAdukA tathA kamaNDalu dhAraNa karanA, vINAvAdana Adi zArIrika vizeSatAe~ bhI jaina paramparA ne prAyaH barakarAra rakhI haiM / Rgveda se hI sUcita honevAlA tathA mahAbhArata meM bhI pratibimbita 'yajJIya hiMsA' kA virodha, tIvra jJAnalAlasA tathA usakA sarvasaMcAritva ye guNa jaina paramparA ko apanI mAnyatAoM ke anukUla lage hoNge| isI vajaha se jaina sAhitya ne 'nArada' kI vyaktirekhA kaI sadiyoM taka jArI rakhI / donoM paramparAoM ne nArada 'eka hai, do haiM, aneka hai yA yugayuga meM honevAle haiN| isake bAre meM spaSTa nirdeza nahIM diye haiN| jisa lekhaka ne nArada kI ora jisa dRSTi se dekhA usI taraha se use prastuta kiyA hai / isalie nArada kahIM 'devanArada' hai, kahIM 'nAradaputta' hai to kahIM nAradIya 'parivrAjaka' hai / kAlaviparyAsa bhI donoM paramparAoM meM samAnatA se dikhAyI detA hai / isake phalasvarUpa hama kaha sakate haiM ki jaina siddhAntoM se kucha aMzoM se milanevAlI eka vicAradhArA vaidika tathA vedottarakAla meM bhI jArI thI jisakA vicAra mahAvIra ke kAla se pandrahavI satI taka ke jaina sAhitya meM anusyUta hotA rahA /
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________________ 164 anusandhAna 49 Rgveda, atharvaveda tathA mahAbhArata meM nArada pazuhiMsAsamarthaka yAjJikoM se saMvAda-carcA tathA vAdavivAda karate hue dikhAyI detA hai / uttarakAlIna paurANika paramparA ne yaha aMza 'kalahapriyatA' meM rUpAMtarita kiyA / phira bhI 'nArada kA kalaha antimataH kalyANakara hotA hai isa prakAra nArada kI kalahapriyatA kA samarthana bhI kiyA / pAcavIchaThI zatAbdI ke anaMtara ke jaina granthoM meM kalahapriyatA kA yaha aMza jyAdA hI Age baDhAkara use apaharaNa, yuddha Adi se jor3a diyaa| dono paramparAoM ne nArada, striyoM ke samparka meM rahane kI bAta to adhorekhita kI hai lekina jaina sAhitya meM striyoM ke kalahapriya svabhAva ko agrasthAna meM rakhakara kalaha-apaharaNa Adi prasaGga ke lie nArada ko jimmedAra ThaharAyA hai| vaidika paramparA ne nArada ko 'devarSi' hI mAnA / jainiyoM ne yadyapi unake daivatazAstra meM yathAnukUla sthAna diyA tathApi 'nimnajAtIya vAnavyantaroM meM bhI unheM rakhA tathA pAcave brahmaloka nAmaka svarga meM bhI 'nArada' nAma kA spaSTa nirdeza na karake devarSiyoM ko rakhA / bhAgavatapurANa Adi granthoM meM nArada kA bhagavadbhakta honA, kRSNa ke guNoM kA nAmasaMkIrtana karanA Adi ke rUpa meM nArada kA nAma bhaktisampradAya kA dyotaka hone lgaa| jaina granthoM meM yadyapi nArada kA sambandha gandharvavidyA se joDA hai tathApi yaha aMza bhaktisampradAya meM pariNata nahIM ho sakA / kyoMki jaina mAnyatAnusAra 'kRSNa' eka vAsudeva hai jo ucca AdhyAtmika Adarza ke rUpa meM mAnyatAprApta nahIM vedottarakAlIna paramparA meM nArada ke nAma para nAradI zikSA, nAradopaniSad, nAradasmRti tathA nAradapurANa Adi grantha nirmANa hue / usa paramparA meM nArada kA mahattva isa prakAra adhorekhita hotA hai| jaina paramparA ne nAradIya vicAradhArA kA samAdara to kiyA hai lekina uttaravartI granthoM meM kevala 'eka mithaka' ke rUpa meM hI usakI pravRttiyA~ dikhAyI detI hai /
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________________ sapTembara 2009 165 niSkarSa : nAradaviSayaka jaina ullekhoM meM sabase pracIna ullekha ardhamAgadhI grantha RSibhASita meM pAyA jAtA hai / vahA~ nArada ko arhat, RSi tathA deva zabda se sambodhita kiyA hai / nArada ko siddha, buddha aura mukta bhI kahA hai / prAcIna jaina dArzanikoM ke udAramatavAdI dRSTikoNa kA yaha atyucca zikhara hai / dhIre dhIre hindu paurANika mAnyatAoM ke anusAra nArada ke vyaktimatva meM naye naye aMza juDate gaye, purAne aMza ojhala hone lage / nArada ko sarvAdaraNIya sthAna dene meM jaina AcArya bhI jhijhakane lage / sAmAjika mAnyatAoM ke sAtha sAtha antargata sAmpradAyika abhiniveza bhI baDhane lagA / pariNAmavaza nArada ke vyaktitva ke bAre meM saMbhramAvasthA paidA huI / pUrI AdaraNIyatA aura pUrI anAdaraNIyatA ke bIca nArada ke bAre meM vaicArika Andolana calate rahe / isa saMbhramAvasthA kA hala vaiyaktika stara para nikAlane ke prayAsa hue| isI vajaha sthAnAGga meM use deva kahA hai| samavAyAGga meM bhAvI tIrthaGkara kahA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM sirpha usakI jijJAsA para prakAza DAlA hai| tattvArthasUtrakAra ne daivatazAstra meM do vibhinna sthAna taya kiye haiM / jJAtAdharma meM vaha sirpha kacchullanArada hai / aupapAtika meM nAradIya parivrAjakoM kI paramparA hai / Avazyakaniyukti tathA TIkA meM nAradotpatti kI abhinava kathA hai| trilokaprajJapti ke nArada atirudra hai / zIlopadezamAlA meM use janamAraka kahA hai / vasudevahiNDI meM to nArada ke vividha rUpa rekhAMkita kiye haiM | AkhyAnamaNikozakAra kA nArada kalahapriya hai / aura vimalasUri ne nArada ko eka mithaka ke rUpa meM manaHpUta upayojita kiyA hai / vizeSa bAta yaha hai ki jaina nArada meM dikhAyI denevAle ye saba parivartana lekhaka kI vaiyaktika dRSTikoNa se jur3e hue haiM, kAlAnusArI nahIM hai / bhakti tathA kIrtana-saMkIrtana se sambandha jur3ane ke bAda to nArada jaina sAhitya se ojhala hI ho gayA / * C/o. sanmati jJAnapITha puNe Ti. * isa lekha para TipapNI agale aMkameM dI jAyelI / -saM.
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________________ 166 anusandhAna 49 sandarbha 1. RSibhASita 1.2, 11 2. Rgveda 8.13.31 3. vAlmIki rAmAyaNa bAlakANDa 4. AvazyakaTIkA pR. 706-a-paMkti 7 5. RSibhASita 1.2 6. sthAnAMga 4.124 7. sthAnAMga 7.43;8.116, 7.113-122 8. bhAgavatapurANa dazama skandha ; adbhuta rAmAyaNa 7 9. devadattAmimAM vINAM svarabrahmavibhUSitAm / mUrcchayitvA harikathAM gAyamAMzcarAmyaham // bhAgavatapurANa prathama skandha ; harivaMza 1.48.35 10. samavAyAMga prakIrNaka sUtra 251-252 11. bhAgavatapurANa 1.3.8 12. uttarapurANa 76.471-475 13. pravacanasAroddhAra gAthA kra, 468 14. bhagavatIsUtra zataka 5 uddezaka 8 15. chAMdogya upaniSada 7.1.1 16. mahAbhArata, zAMtiparva 346.10-11; 348.6-8, nArAyaNIya upAkhyAna 17. bhAgavatapurANa dUsarA skandha 18. tattvArthasUtra 4.12 aura usakI TIkA pR. 101 19. pannavaNA prathama pada sUtra 132; prajJApanATIkA (malayagirI) pR. 70 20. tattvArthasUtra 1.21, 22 21. rAmAyaNa bAlakANDa 22. bhAgavata purANa 1.5 23. brahmalokAlayA lokAntikA: / tattvArthasUtra 4.25, 26 aura usakI TIkA 25. bhAgavatapurANa 1.5 / 26. aupapAtika sUtra 96 27. jJAtAdharmakathA 1.16.185, 186-190, 196-201, 226, 227-232 28. jJAtAdharmakathA 1.16.185 29. dazavaikAlikaTIkA 3.188, 192 30. kalpasUtraTIkA pR. 28-31 31. AkhyAnamaNikoza, supAtradAnavarNanAdhikAra pR. 46 32. pravacanasAroddhAra 33. zIlopadezamAlA - bAlAvabodha pR. 11-13 34. upadezapadaTIkA gAthA 645-648 35. aitareya brAhmaNa paJcikA 7 36. vAlmIki rAmAyaNa uttarakANDa sarga-20 37. viSNupurANa 5.30 38. mArkaNDeyapurANa 1.30-47 39. mahAbhArata, anuzAsana parva 73 4 0. aupapAtika sUtra 96 41. aupapAtikaTIkA (ghAsIlAlajI mahArAja) pR. 539-558 42. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 1295-1296 43. AvazyakaTIkA pR. 705-706 44. mahAbhArata Azvamedhika parva 93.2,5, 9; sabhAparva 2.225.7 45. manusmRti 5.106, 109
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________________ sapTembara 2009 46. dazavaikAlikaniryukti gAthA 192 kI TIkA 47. bhAgavatapurANa 1.5 49. brahmAMDapurANa 3.2.18 51. trilokaprajJapti 4.1469-1473 53. 'dIhajaDAmauDabhAsuraM' paumacariyaM 28.3 55. paumacariyaM 11.25 57. paumacariyaM 78.8- 22 48. vAyupurANa 2.4.135 - 150 50. brahmavaivartapurANa 1.13 52. paumacarIyaM 11.25, 11.75-81 54. paumacariyaM 11.82-84 56. paumacariyaM 28.7-19 58. paumacariyaM 98.48, 49 60. paumacariyaM 100.28 59. paumacariyaM 99.4-9 61. "pagIyA tuMbaru-NArada - hAhA - hUhU - vissAvasU ya sutimahuraM savaNAsaNaM thuNamAyA 'uvasama bhayavaM !' ti jiNaNAmANi khamAguNe ya vaNNeMtA 1" vasudevahiNDI gandharvadattA lambha pR. 127, 130 62. tattha citei - vaNassaio saceyaNAo passaMti / ' jatthaM na koi passati tattha paM vayavo' / 'avajjho eso nUNaM' / vasudevahiNDI somasirilaMbha pR. 189 63. nAraeNa nivArio mA evaM bhaNa, samANo vaMjaNAhilAvo, attho puNa dhaNNesu nipatati dayApakkhaNNumatIe yati / vasudevahiMDI somasirilaMbha pR. 190 64. vasudevahiNDI somasirilaMbha, pR. 190 65. vasudevahiNDI pR. 108 66. vasudevahiNDI pR. 325 67. AkhyAnamaNikoza (a) supAtradAnavarNanAdhikAra meM nAga zrIbrAhmaNI AkhyAna, pR. 46 (A) zIlamAhAtmyavarNanAdhikAra meM sItAkhyAna, pR. 59 (i) tapomAhAtmyavarNanAdhikAra meM rukmiNImadhvAkhyAna, pR. 72-74 (I) bhAvanAsvarUpavarNanAdhikAra meM bharatAkhyAna, pR. 86 (3) nAraeNa nArAyaNassa kahiyaM / pR. 76-79 68. zIlopadezamAlA - bAlAvabodha, pR. 9-13 ( zIlopadezamAlA gAthA 12 ke Upara TIkA (bAlAvabodha)) 69. bhAgavatapurANa prathama skandha 71. bhAgavatapurANa prathama skandha 73. bhAgavatapurANa 6.5.30-33 75. bhAgavatapurANa 1.1.64 76. bhAgavatapurANa 1.3.8; 5.19; 4.25-31; 7.13-35 77. (a) tasapANe viyANettA, saMgaheNa ya thAvare ! 167 70. bhAgavatapurANa 3.12.28 72. bhAgavatapurANa 1.3.8 74. bhAgavatapurANa 6.5.37-39 jo na hiMsai tiviheNaM, taM vayaM bUma mAhaNaM // uttarAdhyayana 25.23 (A) tavo joi jIvo joiThANaM, jogA suyA sarIraM kArisaMgaM / kammehA saMjamajoga santI, homaM huNAmi isiNaM pasatthaM / uttarAdhyayana 12.44
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________________ 168 anusandhAna 49 78. Rgveda 8.13.30 79, atharvaveda 12.4.42 80. aitareya brAhmaNa 7.13 81. mahAbhAra, zAntiparva, uparicara vasu rAjA 82. nandIsUtra, sUtra 42 sandarbha-grantha-sUci 1. atharvaveda : bhASAMtarakAra - siddhezvarazAstrI citrAva, bhAratIya caritrakoza maMDaLa, puNe, 1969 2. AvazyakasUtra : bhadrabAhu (niyukti) ANi haribhadrasUriTIkAsahita, Agamodaya samiti, mahesANA, 1916 uttarAdhyayana (uttarajjhayaNa) : saM. muni puNyavijaya, mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, muMbaI, 1977 4. upadezapada (uvaesapaya): A. haribhadra, saM. pratApavijayagaNi, baDodA, 1923 Rgveda : bhASAMtarakAra - siddhezvarazAstrI citrAva, bhAratIya caritrakoza maMDaLa, puNe, 1969 RSibhASita (isibhAsisa) : saM. DaoN. vAlthara zubriga, lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira, ahamadAbAda, 1974 aitareya brAhmaNa : saM. dhuNDirAja gaNeza dIkSita bApaTa, svAdhyAya mandira, pAMcavaDa, sAtArA, zake 1863 8. aupapAtika (uvavAI) : uvaMgasuttANi 4 (khaNDa 2), jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanU (rAjasthAna), 1986 jJAtAdharmakathA (nAyAdhammakahA) : aMgasuttANi 3, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM (rAjasthAna), vi.sa. 2031 10. tattvArthasUtra : vAcaka umAsvAti,vivecaka - paM. sukhalAlajI saMghavI, saM. DaoN. mohanalAla mahetA, jaina pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI, 2001 11. trilokaprajJapti (tiloya-paNNati): A yativRSabha, saM. pro. AdinAtha upAdhyAya, pro. hIrAlAla jaina, jIvarAja jaina-granthamAlA 1, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura, 1943 12. dazavaikAlikaTIkA : haribhadrasUri, devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra phaMDa, nirNayasAgara presa, mumbaI, 1918 13. paumacariyaM : vimalasUri, saM. DaoN. ec. jekobI, prAkRta grantha pariSada, vArANasI, 1962 14. prajJApanA : uvaMgasuttANi 4 (khaNDa 2), A. mahAprajJa, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM, 1989 15. prajJApanATIkA : malayagirI, Agamodayasamiti, mahesANA, 1918 16. bhagavatI (bhagavaI) : aMgasuttANi 2, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM (rAjasthAna), vi.saM. 2031 17. bhAgavatapurANa : gItA presa, gorakhapura 18. bhAratIya saMskRtikoza : saM.paM. mahAdevazAstrI jozI, bhAratIya saMskRtikoza maMDaLa puNe, 1962 19. manusmRti (sArtha sabhASya) : saM. svAmI varadAnanda bhAratI, zrIrAdhAdAmodara pratiSThAna, puNe, 1923 20. mahAbhArata : zAntiparva, saM. DaoN. paM. zrI dA.sAtavalekara, pAraDI, 1980 21. samavAyAGga : aMgasuttANi 1, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM (rAjasthAna) vi.saM. 2031 22. sthAnAGga (ThANa) : aGgasuttANi 1, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM (rAjasthAna), vi.saM. 2031