Manni Mirat

Author(s): Kumarpal Desai
Publisher: Gurjar Sahitya Prakashan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/034426/1

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mananI mirAtA kumArapALa desAI

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mananI mirAtA lekhaka kumArapALa desAI gUrjara ejansI ratanapoLa nAkA pAse, gAMdhIroDa, amadAvAda-380 001

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kumArapALa desAI AvRtti : prathama, 2013 kiMmata : pRSTha saMkhyA : 160 arpaNa jIvanamAM hUMpha ane hiMmata ApanAra AgavA khamIrathI ane AgavI chaTAthI kuTuMbavatsala ane sevAbhAvI zrI rasikabhAI dozI tathA aviratadhAre snehathI bhIMjavanAra zrI kAMtibhAI dozIne arpaNa nakala prakAzaka : mudraka

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mananA jharUkhethI gujarAta vizvakoza TrasTe vizvanI gatividhinI jANakArI ApavA mATe ane saMsthAnI pravRttinI mAhitI ApavA mATe AjathI ekavIsa varSa pahelAM 'vizvaraMga' nAmanuM mukhapatra pragaTa karyuM. e samaye saMsthAnA preraka, mArgadarzaka ane vizvakozanA zilpI evA DaoN. dhIrubhAI ThAkare 16 pRSThanAM nAnakaDAM 'vizvaraMga'mAM dareka vakhate eka videzI mahAnubhAvonA jIvanano mArmika prasaMga ApavAno Agraha rAkhyo. e paraMparA e pachI 'vizvavihAra'mAM paNa jaLavAI rahI ane ene pariNAme Aje A traNa pustako 'mananI mirAMta', 'jIvananuM javAhira ' ane 'zIlanI saMpadA' pragaTa thaI rahyA che. amerikAnA prinsTana zaheramAM ati lokapriya evA mahAna vijJAnI AlbarTa AinsTAinanuM nivAsasthAna joyuM, thomasa AlvA eDisananI laeNboreTarI joI. e pachI veTikanamAM mAikala enjalo jevA citrakAronAM citro joyAM ane svAbhAvika rIte ja emanA jIvanakArya vizenA graMtho vAMcavAnI jijJAsA jAgI. ApaNe tyAM bhAratIya saMto, yogIo, netAo vizenAM prasaMgo maLe che. pariNAme ApaNA dezamAM prasiddha hoya evI vyaktionA jIvanane ApaNe oLakhatA hoIe chIe, jyAre videzanI prabhAvaka vyaktionAM nAmono ullekha mAtra vijJAna, itihAsa, sAhitya, tattvajJAna, arthazAstra ke rAjakAraNamAM maLe che. ahIM je je vyaktionA prasaMgo ApyA che, temanI jIvananI thoDI jhAMkhI paNa ApI che ane e rIte ApaNe videzanA mahAnubhAvone oLakhIe ane emanA jIvana ane pragatimAM nimitta bananAra emanI guNa-garimAno anubhava karIe, evo Azaya rAkhavAmAM Avyo che. AvA videzI mahAnubhAvonA prasaMgonA aMgrejI mAM paNa bahu jUja pustako maLe che ane tethI A prasaMgonuM aMgrejI anuvAda karavAnuM paNa vicAravAmAM AvyuM. A pustakanA prakAzana mATe zrI manubhAI zAhe khUba jahemata uThAvI che ane AzA rAkhuM chuM ke A prasaMgomAMthI vAcakone jIvana pratyeno nUtana abhigama ane svasya ciMtananI keDI prApta thAya. 13-6-2016 kumArapALa desAI amadAvAda anukrama jJAnavRddhino mArga pleTo 2, vivekano mahimA saoNkreTisa rAjanItinA pATha kaphyuziyasa sauthI bhayaMkara prANI DAyojinisa samrATa ane bhikhArI henrI cotho kAMkarA vINuM chuM Aijheka nyUTana Amsa para ArohaNa nepoliyana bonApArTa 8. punalekhananuM kAraNa kArlAila aMtarAtmAno avAja abrAhama liMkana 10. mota e ja visAmo herIeTa bIcara sTora 11. mane mApha karI henrI DeviDa thoro 12. sArAM kAma karIe liyo TaoNlsToya 13. TIkA sAme nirbhaya elinora rUjhavelTa 14. AjanuM zuM ? enDru kArnegI 15. akiMcanonI samRddhi AlbarTa AinsTAina 16. sAdhanAnI sArthakatA kaphyuziyasa 17. saMgItano sAtha luDaviga phAna 18. samayanuM mUlya benjAmina phrenkalina 19. kalyANanI dRSTi jaoNna Devisana raoNkaphelara 45 20. nAsIpAsa na thavuM viliyama samaraseTa moma 2 1. corane mArgadarzana mArka Trena 22. Akrozane badale Adara enDru kArnegI 23. jAta para bharoso henrI phorDa 24. tUTelI pAMkho khalila jibrAna 25. jhera pIvAnI salAha sara eleka ginesa 21. sAta janma ochA paDe Arthara klArka 27. samayapatraka pramANe AlbarTa AinsTAina 28. aMgata vedanA abrAhama liMkana

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29. samRddhi vacce sAdAI 30. vijhiTa phI 31. nivRtti eTale nivRtti 32. pApanI kabUlAta 33. pUrvagrahone pAra 34. AdaranI bakSisa rAjano dharma 35. 36. gulAmano ya gulAma 37. sAcuM AzvAsana 38. samayanI mokaLAza 39. konuM mahattva ? 40. kalAno AnaMda 41. pustakanI arpaNapatrikA 42. citrasRSTimAM ramamANa 43. potAnI bhASA zraddhA ane AzA parama kartavya tAMbAnAM caMdrako samayanI kiMmata hiMmata hArato nahIM mitranI madada mAnapatrano inkAra du:khI divasonI yAda hAthanI hUMphanuM dAna khitAbanI anicchA phI jatI karI 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. nepoliyana bonApArTa jyorja barnArDa zaoN vinsTana carcila henrI DeviDa thoro viliyama hejhaliTa abrAhama liMkana rANI eNlijhAbetha DAyojinisa kanphyUziyasa benjAmina phrenkalina AlbarTa AinsTAina vinsTana carcila denisa dIThero khalila jibrAna eNnTana ceMkhova viliyama haeNjhaliTa samrATa sikaMdara rAjA phreDarika jyaoNrja vaoNziMgTana vinsTana carcila henrI jemsa 65 67 31 33 75 37 39 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 93 99 101 103 105 nepoliyana bonApArTa 103 benjAmina DijharAyalI 109 ivAna sarnayevica tUrganeva111 mAikala phereDe abrAhama liMkana 113 115 55. 56. 57. 58. satyanI zodha 59. saphaLatAnI sIDI 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. jIvanano artha pharajanuM vetana azakyano inkAra mAphInI taka niSphaLa upAya magaja tamAruM che bhIDano anubhava yuropano gAMdhI 74. 75. 76. tabIbanI bhAvanA sahu koI gunegAra ApaNuM mukhya dhyeya nyAyanI adaba 69. zatru-mitra samAna 30. e divaso cAlyA gayA 31. potIkI kamANI 72. mAruM kAma karIza karuNAnI peTI 73. upayoganuM ja rAkhuM sisoTIno avAja hIrAnI khANa khalila jibrAna jyorja vaoNziMgTana henrI phorDa 117 119 121 123 125 127 129 131 133 135 137 139 141 143 145 lA gArDIyA viliyama osalara abrAhama liMkana enDru kArnegI nepoliyana bonApArTa liyo TaoNlsTaoNya AlbarTa AinsTAina 151 thomasa AlvA eDisana 153 saoNkreTisa 147 149 155 157 vinsTana carcila jona raskina 159 lAotse sAMkreTisa abrAhama liMkana benjAmina phrenkalina AlbarTa AinsTAina vinsTana carcila dAnIlo doncI livara golDasmitha

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mananI mirAta mArga kumArapALa desAI chellAM be hajAra varSathI pAzcAtya tattvaciMtananA kSetre prabhAva pADanAra jJAnavRddhino tattvaciMtaka pleToe tattvamImAMsAnA viSayo, paribhASA ane vicAra koTi nizcita karyA. saoNTisanA ziSya ane vizvavikhyAta philasUpha eNrisToTalanA guru evA pleToe vikhyAta grIka nAyaka ekaMDesanA nAma parathI ekeDemI sthApI ane vidyArthIone zikSaNa Apato hato. eka vAra pleTone maLavA mATe enI pratibhAthI aMjAyelI keTalIka vyaktio AvI. pleTo pAsethI jJAna meLavavA utsuka hatA, paNa vAta sAva viparIta banI. pleToe emanA praznono uttara ApavAne badale jIvana vizenI potAnI jijJAsA pragaTa karatA prazno pUchIne uttara meLavavAnI abhilASA rAkhI. AgaMtukone ema lAgyuM ke bhale pleTo mahAna vidvAna ane tattvaciMtaka kahevAto hoya, paNa e vAtamAM koI mAla nathI. e to amArA jevo jagatanuM sAmAnya jJAna dharAvanAra sAdhAraNa mAnavI che. eNe amane kazuM zIkhavyuM nahIM, ene badale ame ene zIkhavyuM che. ekeDemImAM abhyAsa karatA pleTonA ziSyo mUMjhAI gayA. manajharUkho 9

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eka ziSyae pleTone pUchyuM, "Apa to vizvanA prasiddha vidvAna ane tattvaciMtaka cho. loko ApanI pAse kazuMka jANavA, zIkhavA ane pAmavA Ave che. kUTa ane gahana praznonA uttara meLavavA Ave che, ene badale tame jANe kazuM jANatA nathI, e rIte prazno pUcho cho, te kevuM ? AgaMtukone lAgatuM haze ke Apa to eka taddana sAmAnya jJAna dharAvanArI vyakti cho. Ama karazo to lokomAM tamArI pratiSThA jhaMkhavAze." pleToe hasatAM hasatAM kahyuM, "emAM zuM ? loko mATe vize zuM vicAre che ene vize huM kyAreya phikara karato nathI. vaLI huM khuda mArI jAtane mahAna vidvAna ane utkRSTa tattvaciMtaka mAnato nathI. je vyakti potAne vize AvuM mAne che, te kAM to mUrkha che athavA to asatya ane ADaMbarano Azaro le che." eTale zuM ? Ape AvA sAmAnya mANaso pAsethI kazuM zIkhavAnuM hoya che ?" hA, dareka vyaktimAM kazuMka vicAravAnI ane samajavAnI kSamatA hoya che. e potAnI vAtane ghaNI vAra abhivyakta karI zakato nathI athavA to e mATe anukULa prasaMga maLyo hoto nathI, paraMtu pratyeka vyakti kazuMka vicAratI hoya che ane tethI eno vicAra ane eno zabda mahattvanA hoya che. vaLI jJAna apAra che. enI koI sImA nathI. mAruM jJAna to samudranA eka nAnakaDA biMdu jevuM che. jema eka eka biMduthI samudra bane che, e ja rIte AvA eka eka zabdabiMduthI jJAnavRddhi thAya che, AthI koI paNa mANasane aNasamaju samajavo, enA jevI bIjI koI aNasamaja nathI." umadA cAritra dharAvato RSi samo mahAna tattvajJAnI saoNkreTisa lokonA vivekano cittamAMthI ajJAna dUra karato hato ane jema zilpI paththaramAMthI mAnavaAkRti mahimA . kaMDAre, e rIte sokreTisa mAnava-vyaktitvane kaMDArato hato. enA paricayamAM AvanArI vyakti enA AMtarika guNo ane mohaka vyaktitvathI tarata prabhAvita thaI jatI. satata ziSyothI gherAyelA rahetA saoNkreTisa eka vAra atyaMta gaMbhIra carcA karatA hatA, tyAre eka sAmudrikazAstrI AvI pahoMcyo. vyaktinA caherAne joIne e enuM cAritra kahI Apato hato. eNe sokreTisanA caherAne khUba dhyAnapUrvaka joIne emanA ziSyone kahyuM, "are ! tame loko sAvadha thaI jAva. jene tame guru tarIke sanmAna Apo cho, enuM cAritra to sAva nikRSTa che. enA nAkano AkAra sUcave che ke e atyaMta krodhI che, samajyA?" sAmudrikazAstrInI vAta sAMbhaLatAM ja saoNkreTisanA ziSyo ene mAravA dhasI gayA, tyAre saoNkreTise ziSyone aTakAvyA ane kahyuM, "are, A to vidvAna puruSa che. emane bolavA do." jyotiSIe jarA kaDaka avAje kahyuM, "huM satyane chupAvIne mananI mirAta 11 janma : I. pR. 423 ethensa, grIsa avasAna ; I. pR. 348343 aMyensa, grIsa 10 mananI mirAta

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satyanuM apamAna karavA icchato nathI. AnA mastakanA AkAra parathI ema lAge che ke e khuba lAlacI che ane enI haDapacI batAve che ke e vicitra svabhAvano mANasa che. enA hoThano AkAra kahe che ke e samaya jatAM dezadrohI sAbita thaze." saoNkreTisa hasI rahyA hatA. emaNe e vyaktine bheTa ApIne Adara-sanmAna sahita vidAya karyo, paNa emanA ziSyo to akaLAI UThyA ane bolyA, "gurudeva, A mANasa murkhanI mAphaka bakavAsa karato rahyo ane chatAM tame ene sanmAna ApyuM ane ethIya vizeSa bheTa ApI. tamArI A vAta ame samajI zakatA nathI." saoNkreTise gaMbhIra thaIne kahyuM, "ziSyo, e vyakti bakavAsa karatI nahotI, paraMtu e satya kahetI hatI. ApaNe satya tarapha pITha pheravavI joIe nahIM." A sAMbhaLI badhA ziSyo AzcaryabharI najare saoNkreTisane jovA lAgyA ane eka ziSya to pUchI beTho, "Ano artha e ke tame jevA cho evA ja emaNe kahyA, kharuM ne !" saoNkreTise niHsaMkoca kahyuM, "hA, eNe je kahyuM te satya che. mArAmAM keTalAya avaguNa che, paraMtu...." badhA ziSyo ekasAthe bolI UThyA, "paraMtu, zuM gurudeva ?" saoNkreTise kahyuM, "krodhanA AvezamAM e eka vAta bhUlI gayo. eNe mArA viveka para dhyAna ApyuM nahIM, jenA dvArA huM mArA saghaLA durguNone keda karIne rAkhuM chuM." cInanA mahAna ciMtaka kayUziyasanuM cInI nAma kuMga-phu-7 hatuM. cInanI rAjanItinA AgavI saMskRtinA sarjanamAM zAntaga rAjyanA saMta kaphyuziyasanuM sauthI vadhu pATha yogadAna che. itihAsa, kavitA, tattvajJAna ane saMgItanA abhyAsI kaphyuziyasa bAvIsamA varSe gharamAM pAThazALA sthApIne vidyArthIone sAhitya, saMskRti ane vividha kalAono abhyAsa karAvatA hatA. emanA umadA vicArone kAraNe sahu koI emanI salAha levA AvatA. keyUziyasanI upadezapaddhati praznottarI prakAranI hovAthI rAjAe emane prazna pUchaDyo, A duniyAnuM vAstavika svarUpa zuM che ? ene kaI dRSTie jovI joIe?" kaphyuziyase uttara Apyo, "A duniyAne saMtapuruSanI dRSTie jovI joIe, kAraNa ke A duniyAne sAcI najare samajanArA saMtapuruSo ja hoya che." A uttara sAMbhaLIne rAjAnI jijJAsA ora vadhI gaI mananI mirAta 13 janma : i. pU. 46e, DImI eloNI, eNona, grIsa avasAna ; I. pR. 39, aMdhe, cIna 12 mananI mirAta

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ane emaNe pUchyuM, "saMtonI dRSTi kevI hoya che ?" "jJAnI saMtapuruSo duniyAne viSamaya nAgarUpa jevI samaje che. nAgane bahArathI sparza karIe to suMdara ane komaLa lAge. dekhAve AkarSaka lAge, paraMtu e AkarSaNa ane suMvALApaNuM ApaNA mATe jIvaleNa bane che. je vastu suMdara jaNAya che, te ja vastu aMte baMdhanakartA nIvaDe che. AthI saMtoe kahyuM ke AvI vastu taraphathI mukha pheravI levuM ane prabhumaya vastu ja grahaNa karavI. pralobhana ke Asakti patananuM kAraNa bane che." rAjAne potAnA vize jANavAnI icchA thaI, tethI eNe kaphyuziyasane pUchayuM ke sAco rAjapuruSa kevo hoya ? tyAre kaphyuziyase sAco rAjapuruSa kyAreya ema bolaze nahIM ke 'loko mane samajI zakatA nathI enuM mane du:kha che.' ene badale e ema kaheze ke " lokone samajI zakato nathI, e hakIkatanuM mane du:kha che.' sAco rAjapuruSa kyAreya ema nahIM kahe ke 'loko ajJAnI che.' jo koI rAjapuruSa lokone ajJAnI kahe, to potAnI jAtane prakhara rAjapuruSa gaNAvanAra e vyakti rAjapuruSa tarIke to sarvathA ayogya che, paraMtu mANasa tarIke paNa lAyaka nathI." Ama saMta kaphyuziyasa pAsethI rAjAe duniyAne sAcI rIte samajavAnI dRSTi prApta karI. grIsanA tattvaciMtaka DAyojinise AtmanirbharatAno eka judo ja Adarza sauthI bhayaMkara samAjane Apyo. svAvalaMbI jIvana jIvavAno Agraha sevIne eNe sabhya prANI samAje sarjelI bhautika sukho dharAvatI cIja-vastuono anAdara karyo, AthI makAnane badale e moTA pAipamAM raheto hato ane potAnA AgavA vicAra eNthensanA nAgariko samakSa rajU karato hato. eka vAra eNthensanA vidvAnonI eka sabhAmAM evI carcA jAgI ke 'jagatanAM prANIomAM sauthI bhayaMkara prANI kayuM ?', tattvaciMtaka DAyojinisa paNa tyAM upasthita hatA. A carcAsabhAmAM pratyeka vidvAna ane vicAraka puSkaLa dAkhalA-dalIlo sAthe potAnA abhiprAya pragaTa karatA hatA. eka anubhavIe kahyuM, A jagatamAM sauthI bhayaMkara prANI to siMha che, kAraNa ke enA jIvaleNa paMjAmAMthI kyAreya koI UgarI zakatuM nathI." bIjA vidvAne A aMge asaMmati dAkhavatAM kahyuM, "siMha bhayaMkara kharI, paraMtu sarpa jevo bhayAnaka nahIM. sarpa to eka daMza Ape ane tarata ja vyakti mRtyu pAme." mananI mirAta 15 janma : 28 sapTembara, I. pU. papa1, nyU sTeTa avasAna : I. pU. 49, blyu sTeTa 14 mananI mirAta

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tamArI vAta saheje barAbara nathI" ema kahIne trIjA vidvAne asaMmati darzAvatAM kahyuM ke aneka mANasone raheMsI nAkhanArA jallAdathI vadhu bhayaMkara prANI koI na hoI zake." basa, pachI to vAta carcAnI eraNe caDI. sahue ugra rIte potapotAno mata darzAvyo ane aMte potAnI vAta sAcI TheravavA mATe hAtha ugAmIne ekabIjA sAme dalIla karavA lAgyA. carcAsabhAmAM atyArasudhI zAMta beThelA DAyojinisa tarapha sahunI najara gaI ane badhAe emane pUchayuM, "are, A viSayamAM ApanuM zuM maMtavya che ?" DAyojinise gaMbhIra avAje kahyuM, "juo mitro, mAThuM na lagADazo. Aja sudhI huM jaMgalI prANInA guNavALA nidAkhora mANasane ane sudharelA prANInA guNavALA khuzAmatakhorane jagatanuM sauthI bhayaMkara prANI mAnato hato, paNa Aja mAro mata badalAI gayo che. have huM tattvano pUro pAra pAmyA vagaranuM, ardhajJAnI ane ardhaajJAnI evA matAgrahI 'vidvAna nAmanA prANIne jagatanuM sauthI bhayaMkara prANI mAnuM chuM. e prANI potAnA matane satya TharAvavA haThAgrahI bane ane mamate caDe tyAre samAjanA naitika ane AdhyAtmika svAthyane mATe jeTaluM hAnikAraka ane bhayAvaha bane che teTaluM bhayaMkara duniyAmAM anya koI prANI hoI zake nahIM." phrAnsanA utkRSTa rAjavI henrI cothAe phrAnsane yuddhomAMthI ugArIne samrATa ane pragatinA patha para mUkyuM. videzo sAthe eNe vepAra karyo ane AgavA dRSTikoNathI bhikhArI. rASTranA vikAsa mATe prayAso karyA. potAnA sarva prajAjanone samAna gaNatAM henrI cothAnI najare garIba ke amIra, rAja darabArI ke sAmAnya mAnavI - sahu koI sarakhA hatA. eka vAra henrI cotho potAnA adhikArIo sAthe koI samAraMbhamAM jato hato, tyAre rastAmAM UbhelA eka bhikhArIe haMTa utArIne mAthuM jhukAvIne samrATanuM abhivAdana karyuM. samrATe paNa bhikSukanA abhivAdanano e ja vinamratAthI pratyuttara Apyo. A joIne henrI cothAnI sAthe rahelA adhikArIo ane darabArIo akaLAI UThyA ane emAMnA eke kahyuM, samrATa, eka sAva sAmAnya bhikhArInA abhivAdanano Avo uttara Apavo te Apane mATe zobhArUpa gaNAya nahIM. jo AvI rIte tame bhikhArIone Adara ApatA rahezo, to rAjAzAhInuM gaurava sAva jhAMkhuM paDI jaze." adhikArInI vAta sAMbhaLIne samrATe hasatAM hasatAM kahyuM, mananI mirAta 17 janma : i. sa. pUrve 412, sinopa, grIsa avasAna : I. pUrve 323, kori, grIsa 16 mananI mirAta

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"bhAIo, sabhyatA ane saMskAra e kahe che ke ApaNe pratyeka vyakti pratye namratA ane saujanya dAkhavavAM joIe. jo samrATa AvI vinamratA ane zAlInatA nahIM dAkhave, to prajA kaI rIte parasparane Adara Apaze ?" darabArIoe kahyuM, "Ape to prajAno Adara svIkAravAno hoya, ene ApavAno nahIM." samrATa bolyA, "juo, prajA tyAre ja rAjAne Adara Ape, jyAre rAjA emanA pratye pUrNa Adara ane prema darzAve. lokone ema lAgavuM joIe ke sattA prajAnI sAthe che. enAthI dUra nathI. rAjAzAhIno artha nAgarikone AtaMkita karavAno nathI, paraMtu emanA bhItaramAM AtmavizvAsa pedA karavAno che. e tyAre ja zakya bane, jyAre samrATa ane samasta adhikArIo sAmAnyamAM sAmAnya vyakti sAthe sauhArdapUrNa vyavahAra kare." paNa samrATa, koI bheda to hovo joIe ne rAjA ane bhikhArI vacce ." akaLAIne eka rAja darabArI bolI UThyo. henrI cothAe uttara Apyo, "samrATa hoya ke bhikhArI hoya, paNa e bhUlavuM joIe nahIM ke badhA ja mAnava che, samrATa jyAre nyAya ApavA bese che, tyAre enA rAjyamAM sahu koI samAna hoya che. emAM adhikArI, darabArI, du:khI ke garIba vacce koI bheda hoto nathI. e samAnatAnI AMkhe jue, to ja e sAco nyAya toLI zake." samrATa henrI cothAno uttara sAMbhaLIne adhikArIoe potAnI bhUla badala samrATanI kSamA mAgI. kheDUta kuTuMbamAM janmelA Aijheka nyUTane bALapaNamAM pitAnuM zirachatra kAMkarA, gumAvyuM ane dAdImAnA hAthe emano uchera thayo, nyUTananA gAmamAM nizALa nahotI, vINuM chuM tethI dasa kilomITara dUra AvelI graMthamanI grAmara skUlamAM abhyAsa karavA jatA hatA. ogaNIsa varSanI vaye emaNe kembrijanI prakhyAta TriniTI kaoNlejamAM praveza meLavyo. mAtra bAvIsa varSanI vaye emaNe dvipadI ( ) prameyanA mahattvanA niyamanuM saMzodhana karyuM. bhautikazAstra ane gaNitazAstramAM keTalAMya saMzodhano karIne nyUTana vizvamAM mahAna saMzodhaka tarIke khyAti pAmyA, kalanazAstra, gurutvAkarSaNano niyama ane prakAzazAstrane lagatAM emanAM saMzodhanoe jJAna ane saMzodhananA kSetre navI kSitijo ughADI ApI. vizvanI racanA aMgenAM temanAM saMzodhano Aje paNa saMzodha kone sahAyarUpa bane che. gaNitazAstra ane bhautikazAstranAM aneka niyamo, sUtro ane ghaTanAo emanA nAma sAthe joDAyelAM che. sara Aijheka nyUTanane maLavA mATe eka strI AvI. eNe A mahAna saMzodhakanI khyAti sAMbhaLI hatI. nyUTane e strIne AvakAra ApIne potAnA gharamAM khurazI para besavA kahyuM ane namratAthI kahyuM, "ApanuM svAgata karuM chuM, mananI mirAta 19 janma : 13 Disembara, 153, pAuM, zansa avasAna : 14 me, 10, paeNrisa, zansa 18 mananI mirAta

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paNa kSamA karajo huM Apane oLakhI zakyo nahIM." e strIe kahyuM, "hA, e svAbhAvika che, kAraNa ke ApaNe kyAreya agAu maLyAM nathI." e pachI e strIe svaparicaya Apyo. sara Aijheka nyUTane joyuM ke e strI kazuMka kahevA icchatI hatI ane kahI zakatI nahotI, tethI emaNe kahyuM, "Apane je kaMI kahevuM hoya te ni:saMkoca kahezo." pelI strIe kahyuM, "hA, mAre eka vAta kahevI hatI ane te mATe ja khAsa AvI chuM." "kaho, zI vAta che ? jarUra kaho." pelI strIe kahyuM, "huM ApanAM saMzodhanakAryothI supere paricita chuM. huM eTaluM ja kahevA AvI chuM ke ApanI agAdha vidvattA ane utkRSTa saMzodhanazakti prazaMsanIya che. ApanAM zodha-saMzodhanoe vizvane upakRta karyuM che, AthI khAsa abhinaMdana ApavA AvI chuM." - sara Aijheka nyUTane kahyuM, "are ! meM kyAM kaMI moTuM kAma karyuM che? tamArI ATalI moTI prazastine huM yogya nathI. huM to satyanA vizALa sAgaranA kinAre beThelA eka bALaka jevo che, je mAtra kAMkarAo ja vINI rahyo che." mahAvidvAna ane samartha vijJAnInI namratA ane nirAbhimAnIpaNuM joIne e strI manomana emanI mahAnatAne namana karI rahI. kArakirdInA prAraMbhakALamAM nepoliyana bonApArTane phrenca sarakAre Asa para lazkarI salAhakAra nImyA. e samaye krAMtikArI phrAnsa sAthe oNsTriyA, praziyA ArohaNa vagere yuropIya sattAonuM gharSaNa cAlatuM hatuM. emAM paNa 1796mAM phrAnsa enA prakhara duzmana oNsTriyA sAme vijaya meLavavA mATe nepoliyanane mokalyo. A samaye phrenca daLonI saphaLatA vize sahune zaMkA hatI, kAraNa ke phrenca daLo pAse yuddhanI sAdhanasAmagrIno abhAva hato. vaLI atyaMta durgama evA Agsa parvatane oLaMge to ja nepoliyana oNsTriyAnI rAjadhAnI viyenA sudhI pahoMcI zake tema hato. durgama Alsa parvatane oLaMgavAno rasto zodhatAM nepoliyana parvatanI taLeTImAM vasatI eka vRddhA pAse gayo ane vRddhAne Azma pAra karavAno rasto batAvavA kahyuM. nepoliyananI vAta sAMbhaLIne vRddhAe khaDakhaDATa hasatAM kahyuM, mUrkhAI karato mA, tArA jevA keTalAya A durgama pahADane caDhavAno prayAsa karatAM potAnA prANa gumAvI beThA che. akALe mRtyune bheTavAne badale ahIMthI pAcho vaLI jA." mananI mirAta 21 janma amArI, 3. joza, linkomanAI. iMglaeNna avasAna H 31 mArca, 1323, kenkiMgaTona, laMDana, IMglaeNnDa 20 mananI mirAta

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nepoliyane vRddhAne kahyuM, "A parvatanA mArgamAM AvanArI muzkelIonI vAta karIne tame paDakAranA zokhIna evA mArA hiMmata ane utsAha vadhArI dIdhAM che. have huM satarkatA ane hoziyArIpUrvaka mAruM kArya karIza ane eka divasa Alpsane oLaMgIza." nepoliyananA caherA paranI daDhatA joIne vRddhA manomana vicAravA lAgI ke ATaluM moTuM jokhama uThAvanAra mAnavI koI sAdhAraNa mAnavI hoya nahIM. koI asAdhAraNa vyakti ja hoI zake ane tethI eNe nepoliyanane AzIrvAda ApatAM kahyuM, "beTA, sAhasika ane hiMmatavAnane mATe saMsAramAM koI paNa kArya azakya nathI, tuM tArAM sAhasa ane hiMmatanA jore jarUra saphaLatA hAMsala karIza." nepoliyane hiMmata ane sAvadhAnI sAthe Alpsa para ArohaNa karyuM ane Alpsa parvata oLaMgIne e cheka viyenA sudhI gayo ane oNsTriyA para vijaya meLavyo. A vijayamAM nepoliyane ajoDa evI AgavI lazkarI vyUharacanAno sahune paricaya Apyo. oNsTriyAne phrAnsa sAthe saMdhi karavI paDI ane nepoliyanano sitAro jhaLakI UThyo. potAnA jIvananI aMtima kSaNa sudhI nepoliyanane e vRddhAnA zabdo yAda rahyA ane e enuM satata punarAvartana karato rahyo ke 'sAhasika ane hiMmatavAnane mATe saMsAramAM koI kArya azakya nathI.' 22 janma 3 15 oNgasTa, 1739, ejeMsIo, korsikA, phrAMsa avasAna : dharma, 1821, boMgavuDa, seMTa helenA TApu mananI mirAta iMglaeNnDanA nibaMdhalekhaka, itihAsa kAra ane vicAraka TaoNmasa kArlAile DigrI punarlekhananuM to gaNitamAM bheLavI hatI, paraMtu kAraNa e pachI emane vizeSa rasa itihAsa ane tattvajJAnamAM paDyo. eka vAra kArlAilane maLavA mATe iMglaeNnDanA vikhyAta tattvaciMtaka ane arthazAstrI jhaoNna sTuarsa mIla AvyA. emane upayogitAvAdI ciMtana, kemisTrI, boTanI jevA keTalAya viSayomAM rasa hato. 1820mAM e phrAnsamAM rahyA hatA ane phrenca bhASA paNa zIkhyA hatA. jhaoNna sTuarTa mIla TaoNmasa kArlAilane maLavA gayA e samaye eTale ke 1834mAM kArlAile potAnI mahattvAkAMkSI kRti "dha hisTrI oNpha phrenca revalyUzana'no prathama bhAga lakhyo hato. phrenca krAMtimAM rasa dharAvanArA mIle eno prathama bhAga vAMcavAnI icchA pragaTa karI. TaoNmasa kArlAile ene prathama bhAganI hastaprata ApI ane pote bAkIno bhAga lakhavAnuM cAlu rAkhyuM. thoDA divasa pachI eka rAtre jhaoNna sTuarTa mIla hAMphaLAphAMphaLA doDatA doDatA AvyA ane kArlAilanA gharanuM bAraNuM khakhaDAvyuM. kArlAile jyAre bAraNuM kholyuM tyAre jhaoNna sTuarTa mananI mirAta 23

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mIla khUba mUMjhAyelA ane atyaMta asvastha hatA. AthI TaoNmasa kArlAile pUchyuM, "mIla, tane zuM thayuM che ?" jhaoNna sTuarTa mIle hAMphatAM hAMphatAM nisAsA nAkhatA avAje kahyuM, "mitra, mane mApha kara. mApha kara. mArI nokara bAIe tArI phrenca krAMti vizenA lakhANanI hastapratane bhUlathI bALI nAkhI. mAMDa enAM thoDAM pAnAM bacyAM che." 39 varSanA kArlAila thoDI vAra stabdha banI gayA. khUba mahenata ane UMDA abhyAsanA paripAka rUpe taiyAra karelI A kRti hatI. thoDI vAre AghAta para kAbU meLavIne kArlAile mIlane kahyuM, "are! paNa tuM Ama Ubho che zA mATe ! besI jA. khera ! je thayuM te thayuM. banavAnuM hatuM te banI gayuM. have saheje ciMtA karIza nahIM." jhaoNna sTuarTa mIla zvAsa heTho mUkIne beTho ane pachI mitra sAthe moDI rAta sudhI vAto karI. dhIre dhIre kArlAile ene sAMtvanA ApI ane enA khabhA para hAtha mUkIne bolyA, "mitra ! sAMbhaLa, have baLI gayelI hastapratano lezamAtra vicAra karIza nahIM, kAraNa ke huM to mAnuM chuM ke vidyArthI kharAba nibaMdha lakhe ane zikSaka ene sAro, vadhu vyavasthita ane saMpUrNa banAvavA mATe pharI lakhavAnuM kahe tema banyuM che." TaoNmasa kArlAile asAdhAraNa dhairya ane khaMtathI AkhIya hastaprata pharI lakhI. e 'dha hisTrI oNpha phrenca revalyUzana'ne nAme pragaTa thayuM ane ene apAra pratiSThA maLI. khuda kArlAile paNa AvI asAdhAraNa saphaLatAnI kalpanA karI nahotI. 24 janma - 4 Disembara, 1795, skaoNTalenDa avasAna - 5 phebruArI, 1881, laMDana, iMglaeNnDa mananI mirAta amerikAnA soLamA pramukha ane prakhara mAnavatAvAdI evA abrAhama liMkana aMtarAtmAno inDiyAnA rAjyamAMthI 1830mAM parivAra avAja sahita amerikAnA ilinaoNisa rAjyamAM AvyA. prAraMbhamAM lAkaDAM phADavAnI ane vahe2vAnI majUrI karIne potAnA kuTuMbane sthira karyuM. tyAra pachI eka dukAnamAM kArakunathI mAMDIne bIjI ghaNI nokarIo karI. thoDo samaya ilinaoNisa rAjyamAM posTamAstara tarIke ane te pachI mojaNI-adhikArI tarIke kAma karyuM. 1834mAM pacIsa varSanI uMmare emaNe rAjakAraNamAM bhAga levAno prAraMbha karyo. e samaye amerikAnA rAjakAraNamAM gulAmInI prathA aMge be pakSo paDI gayA hatA ane temanI vacce saMgharSa atyaMta ugra banyo hato. amerikAnAM uttaranAM rAjyomAM gulAmI prathA sAmenuM AMdolana vega pakaDatuM hatuM. temAM mAtra rAjakAraNIo ja nahIM, balke sAhityakAro, samAjasudhArako ane dharmopadezako paNa joDAyA hatA ane pUrI tAkAtathI gulAmInI prathAno virodha karatA hatA. amerikAnAM dakSiNanAM rAjyo gulAmInI prathAne Teko ApatAM hatAM ane ene haTAvavA cAhatA AMdolanakAro sAme hiMsA para UtarI AvyA hatA temaja vakhata Ave khUna paNa karatA hatA. mananI mirAta 25

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liMkananA ilinaoNisa rAjyamAM gulAmI prathA dharAvatA dakSiNanA rAjyamAMthI AvelA puSkaLa loko hatA. bIjI bAju gulAmI prathAnI nAbUdI mATe amerikAnAM rAjyomAM Thera Thera racAyelI eNbolizana sosAyaTIonA eNbolizanisTa sabhyo sAthe rAjyamAM satata saMgharSa cAlato hato. ilinaoNisa rAjyamAM moTA bhAganA loko gulAmInI prathAnI tarapheNa karatA hovAthI gulAmI-nAbUdInA AMdolanane vakhoDato TharAva paNa dhArAsabhyoe bahumatIthI pasAra karyo hato. A samaye abrAhama liMkana potAnI rAjakIya kArakirdIno AraMbha karI rahyA hatA. ilinaoNisa rAjyanA nIcalA gRhanI pratinidhisabhAnI cUMTaNImAM UbhA rahyA hatA. gulAmInI prathAne anyAyI ane anItinA pAyA upara racAyelI mAnanArA abrAhama liMkananI tarapheNamAM koI nahotuM. rAjyamAM A prathAnA TekedAronuM varcasva hatuM, tema chatAM rAjakAraNanA navA nizALiyA abrAhama liMkane vahetA pravAhe javAne badale potAno Agavo avAja Ubho karyo. liMkanane mATe sauthI mahattvanI bAbata hatI aMtarAtmAno avAja. ene anusaravuM e ja kartavya. AthI cUMTaNInA lAbhAlAbhano saheje vicAra karyo nahIM. pariNAme rAjakIya kArakirdInA prAraMbhe liMkanano parAjaya thayo, paNa teo potAnI vAtane vaLagI rahyA. be parAjaya pachI 1839mAM trIjI vakhata cUMTaNImAM UbhA rahyA ane vijayI banyA, eTaluM ja nahIM paNa gRhamAM vhiga pakSanA netA tarIke sthAna meLavyuM ane aMtarAtmAnA avAjane anusarIne AMtaravigrahano bhaya vahorIne pramukha abrAhama liMkane gulAmI prathA dUra karI. 26 janma : 12 phebruArI, 1809, hArDIna kAunTI, kenTukI, amerikA avasAnaH 15 eprila, 1895, voigTana DI.sI.. amerikA mananI mirAta ravivAranI savAre herIeTa bIcara sTova enA niyama pramANe carcamAM dharmopadeza sAMbhaLavA gayAM. carcanA pAdarIe Isu khristanA saMdezAne samajAvatAM kahyuM ke, 'badhA mAnavI eka ja pitAnAM saMtAna che, AthI eka mAnavIe bIjA mAnavIne madada karavI joIe. ekabIjAnI muzkelIomAM bhAga levo joIe ane ekabIjA sAthe kuTuMbanA sabhyonI jema snehathI vartavuM joIe.' mota e ja visAmo pAdarInA A zabdo sAMbhaLatAM ja herIeTa bIcara sTova vyathita banI gayAM. emanI dRSTi samakSa pazuthI paNa badatara hAlatamAM jIvatA ane pArAvAra julmo sahana karatA habasIo dekhAvA lAgyA. jo e paNa eka ja pitAnA saMtAna hoya, to emanI sAthe Avo amAnavIya vartAva thaI zake kharo ? evAmAM herIeTa bIcara sTovane kAne pAdarInA zabdo paDe che ke, 'satkarmo ja prabhunA rAjyane lAvavAmAM madadarUpa bane che.' herIeTa vicAre che ke gulAmInI prathAne kAraNe niSThura, atyAcAra ane ghora anyAya sahana karatA habasIo pratye A zveta prajAnuM kevuM valaNa che ? satkarmonI vAta to dUra rahI, paNa teo sAthe chaDecoka kevAM bhayAnaka kukarmo AcarI rahyA che. mananI mirAta 27

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cAbukathI phaTakAravAmAM AvatA, harAjImAM vecAtA ane guMDAono trAsa bhogavatA habasIonI vedanAnAM citro emanI AMkha AgaLathI pasAra thavA lAgyAM. bhItaramAM evI pArAvAra vedanA hatI ke herIeTa mATe ghara sudhI pahoMcavuM paNa muzkela hatuM. eNe carcamAM besIne ja potAnI kathAnuM paheluM prakaraNa lakhI nAkhyuM. ghare AvyA pachI herIeTe potAnA putrone eNe lakheluM prathama prakaraNa ApyuM. emAMnI vedanAnI vAta vAMcIne enA putro dhrusake ne dhrusake raDavA lAgyA. jyAM devuM thatAM strIne vecavAmAM AvatI hoya ane enI sAthe eno pAMca varSano bALaka paNa vecAto hoya evI vAstavika ghaTanAnuM Alekhana hatuM. herIeTanA patie 2DatA putrone joIne kAraNa pUchyuM, to jANyuM ke herIeTe lakhelI kathA vAMcIne saMtAno raDI rahyAM che. herIeTanA patie paheluM prakaraNa laIne vAMcavA mAMDyuM ane vedanAno citAra vAMcIne emanuM haiyuM bharAI AvyuM. kevI akathya vedanA! jyAM mota e ja jIvanano visAmo hoya che. herIeTanA patie ene Agraha karyo ke vahelAmAM vahelI take e A kathA lakhI nAkhe, jethI prajAne zabda dvArA potAnA bhItaranI vedanAno sAkSAtkAra karAvI zake. herIeTe rAtadivasa joyA vinA lakhavA mAMDyuM. 'naeNzanala erA' nAmanA sAmayikamAM e hapatAvAra pragaTa thatI rahI. eNe mAtra sAhityajagatamAM ja nahIM, paNa vicArako, bauddhiko ane Ama janatAmAM navI saMvedanA jagAvI. ene pustakAkAre pragaTa karavAnI mAgaNI thatAM 1851mAM "aMkala Tomsa kaeNbinanA nAme e pragaTa thaI. Aje doDhasothI paNa vadhu varSa vItI gayA hovA chatAM vizvanI aneka bhASAomAM anuvAdita thayelI A mahAna navalakathA vAcakanA cittane sAvaMta ja kaDI rAkhe che ane enI AMkhamAMthI AMsu saravA lAge che. kara amerikAnA prakhyAta nibaMdhalekhaka ane rahasyavAdI-ciMtaka henrI DeviDa thorone mane mApha bALapaNathI prakRtinuM adamya AkarSaNa hatuM. vAlDana jaMgalo pAsenA sarovara najIka emaNe svayaM kuTiranuM nirmANa karyuM ane lagabhaga be varSa sudhI prakRtinI godamAM ekAMta sevana karyuM. savAre lekhanapravRtti karatA ane e pachI jaMgalo ane khetaromAM rajhaLapATa karatA. nadI-sarovaramAM ekalA nAva laIne ghUmavA nIkaLI paDatA. A prakRtipremIe 'vAlDana (1854) nAmanI amerikana sAhityanI eka mahattvanI kRtinI racanA karI. prakRtipremI hejhI thoroe eka vAra evo vicAra karyo ke nagaranI bahAra, khetaronI vacce eka nAnakaDuM makAna banAvIne rahIe to kevuM ! A mATe henrI thoroe jamInanA dalAlono saMparka sAdhyo ane A dalAloe khUba ochA bhAve jamIna meLavI ApI. eka vAranA dasa DaoNlaranI kiMmatanI jamIna mAtra traNa DaoNlaramAM maLI gaI. enuM kAraNa e hatuM ke je kheDUtanI A jamIna hatI, ene jamInanA e samayanA bhAvonI kazI gatAgama nahotI. vaLI e evI Arthika bhIMsamAM hato ke pANInA mUle paNa jamIna vecavA taiyAra hato. jamIna-dalAloe A bhoLA mananI mirAta 29 janma 14 jUna, 181, kanekTikaTa, amerikA avasAna : 1 julAI, 1897, irTaphoDa, kauSTikaTa, amerikA 28 mananI mirAta

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kheDUta pAsethI jamIna kharIdI lIdhI. henrI thaoNroe jamInano dastAveja karyo. pelA kheDUte AnaMdabhera ghera jaIne patnInI AgaLa DaoNlarano Dhagalo karyo. kahyuM ke khetara vecIne AvelI A rakama che. enAthI ApaNI Arthika bhIMsa jarUra dUra thaze. enI vyavahAru patnIe kahyuM, "tame khetara vecyuM nathI, jidagIbharano roTalo vecyo che. have gujarAna kaI rIte calAvIzuM. ATalA ochA bhAve khetara vecAya kharuM ? tame sAva bhoLA cho eTale tamane A badhA chetarI gayA. A rakama pAchI ApI Avo ane ApaNuM khetara pAchuM laI Avo." garIba kheDUta henrI thaoNro pAse pahoMcyo. eNe saghaLI vAta karI ane kahyuM, "sAheba, mArI moTI bhUla thaI gaI che. tamArI rakama to pAchI ApuM chuM ane jarUra lAge to daMDa rUpe dasa DaoNlara ApavA paNa taiyAra chuM. mane mApha karo. mArI jamIna pAchI Apo." henrI thaoNro vicAramAM paDyo. A kheDUte to enI AMkha ughADI nAkhI. e vicAravA lAgyo ke huM sAttvikatA ane mAnavatA para nibaMdha lakhuM chuM. jIvanamAM e vRtti-valaNo keLavavAnA kImiyA batAvuM chuM, paNa mArA aMtaramAM to hajI bIjAne chetarIne sukhI ane rAjI thavAnI AvI hIna vRtti saLavaLATa kare che. samAjane vicAro ApuM chuM, paNa AcAramAM sAva mIMDuM . mArA vicAro ane tattvajJAnano artha zuM ? kheDUtane sAMtvanA ApatAM henrI thoroe kahyuM, "bhAI, daMDane pAtra tuM nathI, huM chuM. tArI jamIna tane pAchI ApuM chuM. tuM mane mApha kara." Ama kahIne henrI thaoNroe kheDUta samakSa jamInanA dastAvejanA TukaDeTukaDA karI nAkhyA. prasiddha raziyana navalakathAkAra, nATakakAra ane ciMtaka liyo nikolAyavica sArAM kAma baeNsaeNye jIvananI aDadhI sadI pUrI karI hovA chatAM satata jenI zodha karatA hatA karIe. te jIvananuM lakSya maLatuM na hatuM. emanA jIvanamAM bhautika dRSTie badhuM ja hatuM, kiMtu bhItaramAM sAva khAlIpo hato. emanuM zarIra svastha ane majabUta hatuM. Arthika rIte sadhdhara hatA, saMtAnasukha paNa hatuM. ane samagra yuropamAM sarca ka tarIke emanI kIrti chavAyelI hatI. A badhuM hovA chatAM jIvanalakyanA abhAve ciMtanazIla liyo TaoNscayane ema lAgatuM ke pote dizAzUnya jIvana gALe che. jANe paga nIcethI dharatI sarakI gaI hoya ane pote adhdhara laTakatA hoya tevuM anubhavatA ! liyo gaeNsaeNye taTastha dRSTie jIvanano marma zodhavAno prayAsa karyo. Ane mATe khristI, hindu, muslima, bauddha dharmazAstronuM vAcana karyuM. AmAMthI eka navIna prakAzanI jhAMkhI thaI. satyanA e prakAzane potAnA jIvanamAM sArthaka banAvavA koziza karavA lAgyA. apAra samRddhimAM ALoTanAra jAgIradAra liyo TaeNksaMye jarUriyAto ghaTADIne svAvalaMbI jIvana svIkAryuM. vRttio ane vAsanA para niyaMtraNa rAkhyuM. dhUmrapAna ane mAMsAhAra tyajyAM. mananI mirAta janma : 12 julAI, 1817, konka, kaeNsecuseTsa, amerikA avasAna H 6 me 1862, konka, kaeNsecuseTsa, amerikA 30 mananI mirAta 31

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aMgata milakata ane jAgIrane choDavAnuM vicAravA lAgyA. lokonI vedanA jANavA mATe lAsanAyAthI maoNsko zahera sudhIno 130 mAIlano pagapALA pravAsa karyo. eka samaye lokothI alipta rahenArA dhanika liyo TaoNlsTaoNya lokonI vacce jIvavA lAgyA. emanI 'vaoNra eNnDa pIsa' tathA "eNnA kereninA' jevI navalakathAoe samagra vizva para kAmaNa pAtharyuM, paraMtu have liyo TaoNlsTaoNyane ema lAgyuM ke emanI lekhanazaktino upayoga janatAno avAja 2jU karavA mATe karavo joIe. liyo TaoNaye A mATe hetulakSI nATako lakhavAM zarU karyo. 1882mAM 'kanvezana' lakhyuM, jemAM emanI sabhAnatA ane kalAtmaka prabhutva baMne pragaTa thayAM. 1889mAM 'vaoNTa ijha ArTa'mAM kalA khAtara kalAne jAkAro Apyo. emaNe upadezapradhAna ane sattvapradhAna mAnavakathAo lakhI. 'dha pAvara oNv DArkanesa' ane 'dha phUTsa vu enalAiTanamenTa' jevAM nATako lakhyAM, maoNskonA raMgamaMca para e nATako saphaLatAthI bhajavAyAM, paNa e joIne sarakArI amaladAronI AMkha phATI gaI. AvAM nATako aMge raziyAno jhAra khUba krodhe bharAyo, paraMtu liyo TaoNayanI pratiSThA eTalI badhI hatI ke rAjA jevo rAjA paNa kaMI karI zakyo nahIM. A samaye liyo TaoNlsTaoNya sahune kahetA, "zarIra AvatIkAle paDI jaze ema mAnI bane teTalAM sArAM kAma Aje ja karI levAM joIe." elinaoNra rUjhavelTa amerikAnA prakhara mAnavatAvAdI AgevAna, kuzaLa TIkA sAme lekhikA ane amerikAnA rAjakAraNamAM | AgavI pratibhA dharAvanAra mahilA hatA. nirbhaya . mAtA-pitAnuM akALa avasAna thatAM emano uchera mAtAmahIe karyo. e pachI cAra vakhata amerikAnA pramukha bananAra phrenkalina rUjhavelTa sAthe emanA lagna thayA ane e jANItA thayA, tethI emanA para niMdA ane TIkAono varasAda varasavA lAgyo. emanA duzmanoe emanI prasiddhine kAraNe emanI vagovaNI karavAmAM kazuM bAkI rAkhyuM nahIM. pramukha rUjhavelTanI sAthe TIkAkAro elinaoNranI TIkA karavAnI eke tha taka cUkatA nahotA. eka divasa elinaoNre enA anubhavI phaibAnI salAha lIdhI. emanA phaibA e amerikAnA kuzaLa rAjakAraNI ane pramukha thiyoDora rUjhavelTanA bahena hatA. elinaoNre emane kahyuM ke, "emanI icchA to ghaNAM kAryo karavAnI che. jAhera jIvanamAM sakriya bhAga bhajavavAnI che, DemokreTIka pakSanA majabUta TekedAra banavAnI che; paraMtu lokonI TIkAnA bhayane kAraNe kazuM karI zakatA nathI, pote kazuM karaze to loko zuM kaheze, enI ciMtAthI e satata gabharAtA rahe che." janma : 9 sapTemba2, 28, thAnAvA, polizanA, raziyA avasAna : 20 navembara, 90, aApora, raziyA 32 mananI mirAta mananI mirAta 33

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thiyoDora rUjhavelTanI bahene elinoranI AMkhamAM AMkha parovIne kahyuM, "AvI phikara choDI de. je kAma tane tArA hRdayathI yogya lAgatuM hoya te nirbhaya banIne kara, bIjA loko zuM kaheze, tenI paravA karavAnI lezamAtra jarUra nathI. ApaNe sAcA hoIe, pachI gabharAvAnuM zuM ? jeo tArI TIkA kare che, emanI prakRtine tAre oLakhI levI joIe. tuM kAma karIza to paNa e tArA mAthe chANAM thApaze ane tuM kAma nahIM kare, to paNa tArA para satata TIkAno varasAda varasAvatA raheze eTale tAre je kAma karavuM hoya te eka vakhata dilathI nakkI kare ane pachI e kAmamAM DUbI jA." elinora rUjhavelTe phabAnI A salAha svIkArI ane enuM pariNAma e AvyuM ke e amerikAnA jAherajIvanamAM khyAtanAma mahilA banyA. mAnava-adhikAronI jhuMbeza jagAvI. bekArI dUra karavA ane garIbonA AvAsanI kAmagIrImAM pravRttizIla rahyA. kaTAralekhana ane graMthalekhana karyuM. yunomAM amerikAnuM pratinidhitva karyuM ane vizvamAM samAna ane bhedabhAvavihIna adhikAronuM yunonI sAmAnya sabhAe je ghoSaNApatra maMjUra karyuM, temAM paNa elinoranA prayAso mahattvapUrNa banI rahyA, samagra vizvane anulakSIne karelAM mAnavakalyANanA prayAsone kAraNe teo lokono apratima sneha ane Adara pAmyA. Ama eka zaramALa chokarI khoTI TIkAonI paravA karyA vinA vizva-rAja kAraNanI samartha nArIzakti banI. zuM? amerikAnA vikhyAta udyogapati ane dAnavIra eNnDru kArnegI potAnA AjanuM lokhaMDanA vizALa kArakhAnAmAM pratidina cha vakhata rAunDa letA hatA. mAlanA utpAdana aMge temaja kAmadAronI kAryazailI vize jarUrI sUcanAo ApatA hatA. jyAM kAma dhImuM thatuM, tyAM tvarAthI karavAnI tAkIda karatA ane jyAM koI niSThApUrvaka kArya karatuM tene zAbAzI ApIne utsAhita karatA hatA. kArakhAnAmAM kAma karato cArlsa baeNba nAmano kArIgara atyaMta capaLa ane skUrtivAna hato. aMndra kArnegIne eno utsAha ane enI kAryaniSThA pasaMda paDyAM eTale kArakhAnAmAMthI chUTyA pachI ene potAnI ophisamAM maLavAnuM kahyuM. cArlsa zveba kArakhAnAnuM kArya pUrNa karIne eNnDru kArnegInI oNphisamAM gayo. eNnDa kArnegIe potAnI sAmenI khurazI para besavA kahyuM ane bolyA, "tamArI kAryaniSThA joIne huM khUba prasanna thayo chuM. mAre mArA karmacArIomAM tamArA jevI kAmanI laganI jagADavI che, mATe atyAre huM tamArI ekaso kArIgaronA vaDA tarIke nimaNUka karuM chuM. A ekaso kArIgarone tamAre tamArI AgavI rIte ghaDavAnA che ane tamArI mAphaka A kArakhAnAmAM kAma karatA karavAnA che. AjathI tamArA pagAramAM vadhAro karuM chuM mananI mirAta 35 janma : 1 oNkTobara, 1884, nyUyarka siTI, nyUyoM ke, amerikA avasAna : 7 navembara, 1912, nyUyorka siTI, nyUyorka, amerikA 34 mananI mirAta

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ane eka mahinA bAda A navI vyavasthAnuM zuM pariNAma AvyuM, tenI carcA karIzuM." cArlsa baeNbe bIje ja divase navI kAmagIrI saMbhALI laIne utsAhapUrvaka kArya karavA mAMDyuM. e kArIgarone snehathI samajaNa ApavA lAgyo ane premathI emanI bhUlo paNa batAvavA lAgyo. dhIre dhIre eNe kArakhAnAmAM kAryakSamatAnuM navIna vAtAvaraNa saryuM. eka mahinAmAM to cArlsa kSetre kArakhAnAnuM utpAdana ghaNuM vadhArI dIdhuM, AthI eNnDru kArnegIe ene kahyuM ke AmAMthI dasa kAbela kArIgaro evA taiyAra karo ke je A vizALa kArakhAnAnA 300 kArIgarone kAryadakSa banAvI zake. cArlsa zrebe eka ja varSamAM kArakhAnAnI sikala palaTI nAkhI. enA utpAdananI guNavattA vadhu ne vadhu sudharavA mAMDI. enA lokhaMDanI mAga eTalI badhI vadhI gaI ke traNa-traNa pALI kAma karavA chatAM kArakhAnuM bajAranI moTI mAgane pahoMcI vaLatuM na hatuM. eka divasa enDa kArnegIne tArathI khabara ApatAM cArlsa baeNbe kahyuM, "sara, gaI kAle kArakhAnAmAM je utpAdana thayuM che, eNe Aja sudhInA tamAma vikramane vaTAvI dIdhA che." kArnegIe ene zAbAzI ApI ane prazna karyo. "paNa AjanuM zuM?" Ano artha e ke kArnegInI dRSTi satata pragati para rahyA karatI hatI. A dhruvavAkyane najara samakSa rAkhanAro kadIya potAnI kAmagIrIthI saMtoSa mAnato nahoto, paraMtu AvatI kAle AnAthI vadhu sAruM kAma karavAnI tamannA satata enA hRdayamAM utsAhanI bharatI lAvatI hatI. cArlsa zveba potAnA mAlikanI bhAvanA pArakhI gayo ane vaLI pAcho kAmagIrImAM lAgI gayo. mahAna bhautikazAstrI ane gaNitajJa AlbarTa AinsTAinanI khyAti akiMcanonI vizvabharamAM prasarelI hatI. sApekSatAnA siddhAMtanA sthApaka evA nobela samRddhi pAritoSikanA vijetA AinsTAinane maLavA mATe eka philma-nirmAtA AvyA. A nirmAtAnI philmanA eka dRzyamAM AlbarTa AinsTAinanA sApekSavAdanA siddhAMtanI vAta AvatI hatI, jemAM blekaborDa para coMkathI dorIne potAno siddhAMta teo samajAvatA hatA. philmanirmAtAe vicAryuM ke bIjA koI abhinetAne AinsTAinano abhinaya karavAnuM kahIe, ene badale svayaM AinsTAina ja e bhUmikA bhajave to kevuM sAruM ! teo AinsTAina pAse AvyA. A vijJAnInA svabhAvane jANanAra nirmAtAe DaratAM DaratAM potAno prastAva rajU karyo ane sAthosAtha kahyuM, "A daseka miniTanA abhinayane mATe Apane khUba moTI rakamano ceka maLaze." AinsTAina manomana e kaLAyA ane vyaMga karatA hoya tema bolyA, "mitra, mane paisAnuM pralobhana Apazo nahIM. huM vaijJAnika chuM, abhinetA nathI. vijJAna e vicAra ane prayoganuM kAma che, e koI nATaka ke tamAzo nathI. tame varNana karyuM te mananI mirAta 37 janma avasAna rUpa bara, rUpa, karmalAina, skaoNTalaeNnuM 15 ogasTa, 1919, beno, amerikSA 36 mananI mirAta

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pramANe hAthamAM cAMka laIne blaeNkaborDa upara Amatema thoDA AMkaDAo pADavAno ane lITIo doravAno abhinaya karuM, to huM mAMkaDA jevo ja lAgyuM. mATe A kAma mArAthI thaI zakaze nahIM, mane mApha karajo." AinsTAinanA puNyaprakopathI dAjhelA pelA nirmAtAe vidAya levAnuM ja munAsiba mAnyuM. e pachI AinsTAinanAM patnI elsAe kahyuM, "tame nirmAtAnI kharekharI khabara laI lIdhI. pharI vAra ApaNA gharanA uMbare AvavAnuM nAma nahIM le." AinsTAina gaMbhIra thaI gayA. e bolyA, "A loko manamAM phAMko rAkhatA phare che ke moTI rakamanA cekanA jore e sahu koIne kharIdI zake che. emane eka vAtanI khabara nathI ane te e ke paisAthI prema kharIdI zakAto nathI ane lokonI lAgaNI jItI zakAtI nathI. zuM che A saMpatti ? duniyAbharanI saMpatti mAnavajAtanI pragatimAM preraka banI zake tema nathI. A saMpatti to mAnavIya svArthane bahekAve che, samAjane UrdhvagAmI banAvatI nathI." elsAe kahyuM, "ApanI vAta sAcI che. jagatane UrdhvagAmI banAvanArA kuberapatio nathI." AinsTAina bolyo, "ene urdhvagAmI banAve che punita vyaktionAM umadA AcaraNo. musA pAse dhananA DhagalA hatA ? jisasa braisTa zuM billoneranA putra hatA ? gAMdhIjI kaMI milyonara hatA ? A badhA to phakIrI dhAraNa karanArA akiMcana hatA." elsAe kahyuM, "A akiMcanoe ja garIba duniyAne sAcI rIte samRddha banAvI, kharuM ne ?" "hA. ApaNe paNa have ApaNI jarUriyAtone ghaTADatA jaIe ane ApaNA mAnavabaMdhuone vadhu ne vadhu madadarUpa banIe." 38 janma : 14 mArca, 1879, unma, jarmanI avasAnaH 18 eprila, 1955, nyujarsI, amerikA mananI mirAta gautama buddhanA samakAlIna tathA jApAna, koriyA ane cInanI saMskRti sAdhanAnI para gADha prabhAva pADanAra tattvavettA ane dharmasthApaka kanphyUziyase varSo sudhI sArthakatA rAjyanI nokarI karyA bAda ekatrIsamA varSathI zikSakano vyavasAya svIkAryo. paMdareka varSa ekAMta ciMtana karyA pachI tera varSa sudhI paribhramaNa karIne emaNe lokone dharmajJAna ApyuM. AvA eka paribhramaNa samaye rastAmAM eka mahAtmAne vRkSanI chAyA heThaLa vizrAma karatA joIne kanphyUziyase pUchyuM, "Apa nagara choDIne ahIM AvA ekAMta nirjana sthAnamAM kema vaso cho?" mahAtmAe uttara Apyo, "A rAjyano rAjA atyAcArI, kuTila ane duSTa che. prajA paNa AvA rAjAne kAraNe durAcArI ane bhraSTAcArI banatI jAya che. AvA vAtAvaraNamAM mAro va mUMjhAto ane gUMgaLAto hato. tyAM kaI rIte jivAya ? eTale huM A ekAMta sthaLe ArAmathI koI paNa prakAranI ciMtA, ucATa ke phikara vagaranuM jIvana gALuM chuM." kanphyUziyasa niyamapAlana ane ziSTAcArapAlananA AgrahI hatA. rAjAonA vartananI prajA para UMDI asara paDatI hovAthI rAjAone kaDaka zistapAlanano upadeza ApatA hatA, tethI emaNe mananI mirAta 39

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kahyuM, "Ama, atyAcAra joIne ke kharAba vyaktione lIdhe Ape nagara choDI dIdhuM, eno artha to e thayo ke Ape bUrAIo sAme hArano svIkAra karyo. A to saccAIthI bhAganAro palAyanavAda kahevAya." ekAMta sthaLe nirAMta anubhavatA mahAtmAe kahyuM, "are, e badhI jhaMjhaTonI vacce rahevuM enA karatAM evAM aniSTothI so gAu dUra, rahevuM sAruM. aniSNa vaccenA du:khabharyA jIvana karatAM ekAMtanuM AnaMdabharyuM jIvana zuM khoTuM ?" mahAtmA kaphyuziyase kahyuM, "samAjane sudhAravAne badale mukha pheravIne tame jaMgalamAM doDI AvyA ? zAMti to tamArI pAse bhItaramAM che. ene koI chInavI zake tema nathI, tyAre rAjA ane prajAnI bUrAIo joIne tame nagara choDI dIdhuM ? eno artha to e thayo ke saguNa durguNathI durbaLa sAbita thayA ane satya e asatyanI apekSAe nirbaLa puravAra thayuM !" mahAtmAe kahyuM, "Ama karIne huM e durguNo mArA sadgaNono nAza karI jAya nahIM, te mATe tene huM bacAvuM chuM." kaphyuziyase kahyuM, "tame Ama ekAMta sAdhanA karIne tamArI jAtane bacAvazo te barAbara che, paraMtu tamAre mAtra potAnI ja muktinI vAta vicAravI joIe nahIM. samAjanI ane vyApaka janamAnasanI muktino vicAra karavo joIe. Ama karavAmAM ja sAdhanAnI sAcI sArthakatA che." kaphyuziyasano A upadeza mahAtmAnA hRdaya para prabhAva pADI gayo ane mahAtmA vananuM ekAMta choDIne nagaranI bhIDamAM pAchA pharyA. jarmanInA bona zaheramAM 1770nI soLamI Disembare janmelA luDaviga phAna saMgItano bIthovananI saMgIta pratibhA ghaNI nAnI vaye jhaLakI UThI. kuzaLa piyAnovAdaka sAtha tarIke e sarvatra prasiddha thayo. e samaye samagra yuropanA pratiSThita saMgItakAra motsarTa ane heDane paNa A yuvAnanI prazaMsA karI. Ama bIthovana enI kArakirdInI parAkASThAnI najIka hato ane enI kIrti yuropamAM satata patharAtI hatI tyAre ekAeka enA para vajAghAta thayo. 1796mAM ene baherAza AvI gaI. dhIre dhIre zravaNazakti vadhu ne vadhu maMda paDatI gaI ane pAMceka varSamAM to evI paristhiti AvI ke bIthovana sAMbhaLI zakato nahIM, jenI simphanI sAMbhaLIne zrotA praNaya, zaurya ke AnaMdano gADha anubhava karatA hatA, e simphanI svayaM bIthovana sAMbhaLI zakato nahIM. evuM banyuM ke ene vAtacIta mATe paNa noTabukano upayoga karavo paDato. A paristhitine kAraNe bIthovana nirAzAnI gartAmAM ghasaDAI gayo. e vicAravA lAgyo ke kudaratano Avo kALo kopa mArA para zA mATe ? vaLI bIjuM kazuM gumAvyuM nahIM ane zravaNazakti ja kema gumAvI ? divasonA divaso sudhI bIthovana ekAMtamAM rahIne mananI mirAta 41 janma : 28 sapTembara, I. pU. papa1, kU, cIna avasAna : I. pU. 479, kUpha, cIne 40 mananI mirAta

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potAnA badanasIba para AMsu sArato rahyo. eka divasa enA manamAM vicAra jAgyo. A nirAzA to mane nakAmo karI mukaze. mArA manamAM rahelI simphanI sarjavAnI keTakeTalI kalpanAo khAkha thaI jaze. bhale mArI zravaNazakti na hoya, paNa sarjanazakti to che ne ! bhale huM sAMbhaLI zakato na houM, paraMtu bIjAne saMbhaLAvIne eno AnaMda to pAmI zakuM ne ! saMgItanuM mAruM jJAna, mArA laya ane mArAM svarUpa evAM ja rahyAM che. mAruM piyAnovAdana eTalA ja sUro dharAve che to zA mATe ene simphanImAM mUkIne jagatarasikone upalabdha na karAvuM ? vaLI eNe vicAryuM ke mAnavIne jIvananI baMdhiyAra paristhitimAMthI chuTakAro ApanAra ane mAnavatAne potAnI rIte abhivyakta karavAnuM mAdhyama saMgIta che. mAnavatA bIthovanane pokAratI hatI. sAthosAtha svajIvananI hatAzAbharI paristhitimAMthI bahAra AvavA saMgIta ane sAda pADatuM hatuM. pachI to bIthovane samakAlIna saMgItaparaMparAnAM badhAM svarUpomAM uttama racanAo ApI. simphanImAM eNe aneka maulika prayogo karyA. enA baMdhAraNamAM parivartana ANIne emAM abhivyaktine mokaLuM medAna ApyuM. saMgItane vadhu jIvaMta banAvyuM ane bIthovane eka navI saMgItazailI ApI, jenA para pachInA raMgadarzI saMgItakAroe racanAo karI. e nirAza bIthovana aMdhArI koTaDImAM ekalo purAI rahyo hota to zuM thAta ! to yuropane eka sadI sudhI prabhAvita karanAra saMgItakAra maLyo na hota ! vikhyAta vaijJAnika benjAmina phrenkalina samayanuM mUlya jANatA hatA. samayanuM potAnI pratyeka kSaNano upayoga karanAra vaijJAnika eka graMthabhaMDAra dharAvatA hatA. mUlya eka vAra eka vyakti pustaka kharIdavA AvI ane eNe kAunTara para UbhelA karmacArIne pUchyuM, "are bhAI ! A pustakanI kiMmata keTalI che?" pustaka joIne nokare kahyuM, "sAheba, eka DaoNlara." "oha ! AnI kiMmata eka DaoNlara ? kaMIka saheja thoDI ochI karone." karmacArIe kahyuM, "sAheba, amArI dukAnamAM AvI rIte vyavahAra thato nathI. AvI prathA nathI. Ape eka DaoNlara Apavo paDaze." grAhakane khyAla hato ke A benjAmina phrenkalinano graMthabhaMDAra che eTale eNe pUchyuM, "aMdara misTara phrenkalina che ? jarA bolAvo to." karmacArIe kahyuM, "teo mahattvanA kAmamAM DUbelA che. Apane kaMI jarUrI kAma che ?" mananI mirAta 43 janma : 16 Disembara, 1770, bona, bepTiksaDa, viyenA avasAna : 26 mArca, 1827, viyenA, oNsTriyana, empAyara 42 mananI mirAta

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grAhake kahyuM, "hA. atyaMta jarUrI. jarA bahAra bolAvI lAvo." potAnuM kAma aTakAvIne benjAmina phrenkalina bahAra AvyA, tyAre pelA grAhake pustaka batAvIne pUchyuM, "mi. phrenkalina, AnI ochAmAM ochI kiMmata keTalI ?" benjAmina phrenkaline kahyuM, "savA DaoNlara." grAhaka AzcaryathI UchaLI UTho ane bolyo, "are ! kamAla cho tame ! tamArA karmacArIe eka DaoNlara kahI ane tame e ja pustakanI kiMmata savA DaoNlara kaho cho ?" phrenkaline kahyuM, "Ape mane bahAra bolAvyo. mAre kAma choDIne AvavuM paDyuM. mAro samaya bagaDyo, mATe AnI kiMmata savA DaoNlara " grAhaka mUMjhAyo. eNe vAtane sameTatAM kahyuM, "basa, have Apa AnI ochAmAM ochI kiMmata batAvI do, eTale huM laI lauM. mAre jhAjhI rakajhaka karavI nathI. eka vAra Apa enI pAkI kiMmata kahI do." benjAmina phrenkaline kahyuM, "mahAzaya, doDha DaoNlara." grAhake kahyuM, "kevI vicitra vAta ? hamaNAM to tame savA DaoNlaramAM ApavA taiyAra thayA hatA ane have doDha DaoNlara kaho cho?" benjAmina phrenkalina bolyA, "meM pahelAM savA DaoNlara kahyA hatA, paNa have doDha DaoNlara thaze. jema jema tame savAlo pUchIne mAro samaya barabAda karo, tema tema pustakanI kiMmata para samayanuM mUlya vadhatuM jaze." vadhu kazuM na bolatAM grAhake doDha DaoNlara ApIne jarUrI pustaka kharIdI lIdhuM. 44 janma avasAna : 17 jAnyuArI, 1706, bosTana, maeNsecyuseTsa, amerikA : 17 eprila 1790, philADelphiyA, pensilaveniyA, amerikA mananI mirAta amerikAnA prasiddha udyogapati jaoNna Devisana raoNkaphelare soLa varSanI vaye kalyANanI klIvalaeNnDamAM eka dalAlI peDhImAM kArakuna dRSTi tarIke potAnuM kAma zarU karyuM ane pachI pragati sAdhatA udyoganA kSetre AgaLa vadhatA rahyA. emaNe sTAnDarDa oNila kaMpanInI sthApanA karI. enI sAme ijArAvAdI pravRttinA AkSepo paNa thayA. emanI keTalIka kaMpanIo sAme adAlatI kAryavAhI paNa thaI, chatAM dRDha manobaLavALA ane potAnuM dhAryuM siddha karavA mathanArA A makkama manobaLa dharAvatA udyogapati eka divasa zikAgomAM AvelA svAmI vivekAnaMdane maLavA doDI AvyA. Ama to A pUrve emanA mitroe hiMdu saMnyAsIne maLavAnuM vAraMvAra sUcana karyuM hatuM, paraMtu raoNkaphelare kazI darakAra karI nahotI. eka divasa koI prabaLa AvegathI doravAIne jaoNna raoNkaphelara emanA mitrane tyAM atithi tarIke UtarelA svAmI vivekAnaMdane maLavA doDI AvyA. daravAjo kholanAra rasoiyAne jarA bAjue haTAvatAM emaNe kahyuM, "mAre hiMdu saMnyAsIne maLavuM che." rasoiyAe dIvAnakhAnAmAM besavAnI emane vinaMtI karI. paNa raoNkaphelara ema kaMI rAha joI zake kharA ! mananI mirAta 45

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e to sIdhesIdhA ja svAmI vivekAnaMdanA utArAkhaMDamAM pahoMcI gayA. e samaye svAmIjI meja para lekhanakArya karatA hatA. emaNe koNa AvyuM che, e jovAnI paravA paNa na karI. thoDI vAre svAmIjIne AMkho UMcI karI ane raoNkaphelarane joyA. svAmI vivekAnaMde emano bhUtakALa kahyo, jenI raoNkaphelara sivAya bIjA koIne khabara nahotI. vaLI aMte svAmI vivekAnaMde kahyuM, "tame bheguM kareluM dhana e tamAruM nathI. tame to mAtra enA vAhaka cho ane tamAro dharma jagatanuM kalyANa karavAno che. Izvare tamane je saMpatti ApI che, te loka kalyANanuM kArya karavA arthe ApI che." jona raoNkaphelara koInI vAta sAMbhaLavA TevAyelA na hatA. emAM vaLI svAmIjIe to emane ghaNI moTI salAha ApI. eTale 'Avajo" kahevAnoya zipracAra karyA vinA e UThIne pAchA pharI gayA. eka saptAha bAda pharI A ja rIte jaoNna raoNkaphelara svAmI vivekAnaMdane maLavA dhasI AvyA ane emaNe svAmIjI pAse amerikAnI koI sevAbhAvI saMsthAne mATe moTI rakamanuM dAna ApavAnI potAnI yojanAnI noMdhano kAgaLa dharyo. svAmIjIe vAMcyo. raoNkaphelare garvathI kahyuM, "have tamane saMtoSa thaze. dhananA AvA upayoga mATe tamAre mAro AbhAra mAnavo joIe." svAmI vivekAnaMde kAgaLa hAthamAM laIne vAMcyo ane kahyuM, "bhAI, AbhAra to tamAre mAro mAnavo joIe." A vAta ahIM pUrI thaI, paNa amerikAnA udyogapati raoNkaphelaranuM A sarvaprathama dAna hatuM. e pachI enA jIvanakALa daramiyAna zikSaNa ane mAnavakalyANanA kSetre pacAsa karoDa DaoNlarathI paNa vadhu rakamanuM dAna karIne duniyAno sauthI vadhu dhanika udyogapati dAnezvarI tarIke paNa jANIto thayo. khyAtanAma phreMca sarjaka samaraseTa mAMme prAraMbhano abhyAsa kaeNnTarabarInI nAsIpAsa kinDarI skUlamAM, e pachI hAiDalabarga yunivarsiTImAM ane chelle laMDananI senTa na thavuM saeNmasa haoNspiTalamAM ryo. tabIbI abhyAsa karanAra samaraseTa maoNme haoNspiTalanI eprenTIzIpanuM kAma laeNmbethanI jhUMpaDapaTTImAM karyuM. ahIM emane kAramI garIbIno sAkSAt anubhava thayo. potAnI bALaprasUti vizenA jJAna ane kAryane upayogamAM laIne emaNe 1897mAM 'lijhA oNv lekhetha' nAmanI prathama navalakathA lakhI ane sAhityasarjanamAM apAra rasa-ruci jAgyA. A navalakathAmAM emaNe mIlamAM nokarI karatI eka zaherI chokarInA praNaya ane enI icchAone AlekhyAM. maoNmane lakhavAnI evI to laganI lAgI ke tabIbI abhyAsa karyo hovA chatAM sArI evI kamANI karAvanAro tabIbI vyavasAya karyo nahIM. e samaye sAhityasarjanamAMthI ghaNI ochI Avaka thatI, chatAM samaraseTa maoNmano siddhAMta hato ke je kAmamAM rasa paDe, temAM dila reDI devuM. emAMthI keTalI kamANI thaze enI phikara karavI nahIM. maoNmanA jIvanamAM evA raka janama ; 8 julAI, 1839, ricaphorDa, nyUyaoNrka, ameri kra avasAna : 23 me, 1937, dha korAmenTasa, phloriDA, ameriksa 46 mananI mirAta mananI mirAta 47

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phAkAmastInA divaso AvyA ke laMDanathI themsa nadInI retImAM besIne sAMjanuM vALu karavAnI 2kama kaI rIte meLavavI, eno vicAra karavo paDato. samaraseTa mome nATako lakhyA. AtmakathAtmaka navalakathA lakhI. prathama vizvayuddha samaye ebyulansa vAnanA DrAivara tarIke joDAyA, paraMtu A samaye paNa jevI taka maLe ke tarata ja potAnI navalakathAnuM praphavAcana karI letA hatA. Avo hato lekhanaprema ! ebyulansa DrAivarathI mAMDIne guptacara saMsthAmAM karmacArI tarIke samaraseTa maoNme kAma karyuM, paraMtu jemAM dila reDyuM hatuM te sAhityasarjananI satata ArAdhanA karatA rahyA. zarUAtanAM daseka varSa to ghaNA abhAva vacce pasAra karyA, chatAM emane mana to gamatuM kAma karavuM, e ja jiMdagIno parama AnaMda. teo kahetA ke keTalIka vyaktio saMpattine sadbhAgya mAne che, paraMtu A jagatamAM saMpattithI paNa dUra na thaI zake tevA duHkhonI yAdI anaMta che. AthI jIvanamAM sukha ane duHkha AvyA, paraMtu potAnuM manapasaMda kAma kyAreya choDyuM nahIM. zA mATe ? moMme kahyuM ke AvA manapasaMda kAmathI kvanamAM AtmavizvAsa jAge che ane ochAmAM ochuM eTaluM to samajAya che ke jIvananI aneka parIkSAmAM pAsa thaIe ke nApAsa thaIe, paNa nAsIpAsa to na ja thavuM joIe. amerikAnA mijhurImAM janmelA saMyuala leMgahorna glaeNmansa sAhityacorane. jagatamAM mArka venane nAme vikhyAta banyA. mArka Tvene amerikAnA vasAhatIomAM mArgadarzana cAlI AvatI ToLaTappAnI prakriyA pakaDI ane emAM ahobhAvarahita abhigama ane lAkSaNika zailInuM umeraNa karIne viziSTa prakArano vinoda saryo. 'dha insaTsa abroDa', raphiMga iTa' jevI kRtiomAM emano A vinoda jovA maLe che. emaNe vizeSa khyAti to 'dha ekvencarsa oNvu Toma soyara " ane "dha eNvencarsa oNvuM hakalabarI phina' jevI kizorakathAo dvArA meLavI. emaNe jIvananAM chellAM vIsa varSa atyaMta kaparI paristhitimAM pasAra karyA. emaNe dhaMdhAmAM jhaMpalAvyuM hatuM, jemAM ghaNuM moTuM nukasAna thayuM. e dhIre dhIre svAcya gumAvatA hatA. emAM emanI sauthI vahAlI putrI sarjInuM avasAna thayuM ane e pachI ATheka varSe emanI patnI oliviyAe A duniyAnI vidAya lIdhI. jiMdagInI uttarAvasthAmAM AvA eka pachI eka AghAto janma : 25 jAnyuArI, 838yuke eesI, perisa, phrAnsa avasAna H 16 Disembara, 1965, nIsa, Amsa, melITAIma, zAsa 48 mananI mirAta mananI mirAta 49

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AvatA gayA. emAM vaLI hAsyalekhakanA jIvanamAM eka bIjI durbhAgyapUrNa ghaTanA banI. emanA ghera ghaNI moTI corI thaI ane lagabhaga AkhuMya ghara lUMTAI gayuM. jiMdagInAM keTalAMya duHkho hasate mukhe jhIlanAra mArka Tvene A navI Aphatane paNa potAnA aMdAja sAthe svIkArI. emaNe emanA gharanA daravAjA para eka noTisa coMTADI. enuM zIrSaka hatuM, 'have pachI AvanArA corane sUcanA.' enI nIce emaNe lakhANa karyuM, "have A gharamAM corI karavAne mATe mAtra eka cAMdInI pleTa ja bAkI rahI che. e rasoDAnI eka mAtra abharAInA uparanA khAnAmAM AgaLa mUkI che. bilADInAM baccAMnI chAbaDInI pAse e rAkhI che. 'jo tame e chAbaDI paNa laI javA icchatA ho, to bilADInAM baccAMone paNa kapaDAMmAM DhAMkIne laI ja zo. eka vizeSa sucanA e ke kRpA karIne gharamAMthI nIkaLatI vakhate avAja na thAya te jozo, jene kAraNe mArA parivArajanone ghaNI asuvidhA thAya che. "ane chelle eka vizeSa vAta : gharamAMthI bahAra nIkaLo tyAre daravAjo baMdha karavAnuM bhUlazo nahIM." jIvananI aneka viSAdapUrNa paristhitio vacce paNa mArka Tvene emanI vinodavRtti jALavI rAkhI hatI. kArnegInA gussAno pAra na rahyo. eka nAnakaDI bhUla badala ATalo badho Akrozane. gusso ! potAnA jevI khyAtanAma vyaktine eka sAmAnya nArI AvI rIte kaThora badale Adara ane kaTa zomAM tIkho Thapako Ape ane AkarAM vAkyo lakhe, te kema cAle ? amerikAnA mAnavatAvAdI pramukha abrAhama liMkana vize kArnegIe eka reDiyo-vArtAlApa Apyo hato ane temAM abrAhama liMkananA jIvana aMge eka khoTI tArIkha rajU thaI gaI. eka mahilAe A reDiyo-vArtAlApa sAMbhaLyo ane kArnegInI bhUlano khyAla Avyo. A nArI kArnegI para tUTI paDI. eNe patra lakhyo ke liMkana jevI mahAna vyakti vize vaktavya ApatI vakhate tArIkhanI bAbatamAM kALajI levI joIe. tamArAmAM cIvaTanuM koI nAmanizAna jaNAtuM nathI. jo AvI sAmAnya bAbatano khyAla rAkhI zakatA na ho, to have kRpA karIne vArtAlApo ApavAnuM baMdha karazo. kAgaLa vAMcatAMnI sAthe ja kArnegI UkaLI UThyA. eka sAmAnya bhUla badala ATalo sakhata Thapako ! kArnegIe e mahilAne saNasaNato javAba lakhyo. enI abhadra bhASA vize AkarI mananI mirAta pa1 janma : 30 navembara 1835, mijhurI, phalori va, amerikA avasAna : 21 eprila 1910, kanekTikaTe, amerikA pa0 mananI mirAta

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TIkA karI. eka nAnI bhUlane ATaluM badhuM moTuM svarUpa ApavA badala e mahilAno UdhaDo lIdho. sAthosAtha ziSTatA ane suruci kone kahevAya te vize lAMbuM saMbhASaNa lakhyuM. kArnegI patra bIDIne posTa karavAno vicAra karato hato tyAM koI agatyanuM kAma AvI jatAM patra posTa karavAno rahI gayo. bIje divase patra mokalavAno vicAra karato hato, tyAM manamAM thayuM ke jarA gussAmAM vadhu paDatuM lakhI nAkhyuM che. e mahilAnI vAta to sAcI che to pachI mAre enI AvI sakhata TIkA karavAnI jarUra nathI. AthI agAuno patra phADI nAkhIne navesarathI patra lakhavA beThA. hajI gusso ogaLyo nahoto eTale thoDAM ThapakAnAM vacano kaThora bhASAmAM lakhyAM. pharI kAgaLa mokalavAno vicAra karatAM ema thayuM ke e mahilA ziSTa lakhANa na lakhe te samajI zakAya, paraMtu pote AvI aziSTa bhASA lakhe te barAbara nathI. AthI pharI kAgaLa phADI nAkhyo ne navesarathI lakhyo. A rIte patralekhananI sAthosAtha patra-nAza karavAnuM kAma cAlatuM rahyuM. Akhare sAtamI vakhata eNe patra lakhyo. e patramAM A mahilAno AvI kSati tarapha dhyAna doravA mATe AbhAra mAnyo ane sAthosAtha avakAze potAnA tyAM AvavAnuM nimaMtraNa ApyuM. thoDA divasa pachI e mahilA enDru kArnegInA ghera mahemAna banIne rahevA AvI. baMnee ekabIjAne Adara Apyo. emanI vacce paraspara lAgaNIbharyo saMbaMdha baMdhAyo. moTarakAranuM jaththAbaMdha utpAdana karIne navI audyogika kSitijo ughADI vAta para ApanAra henrI phorDe jagatamAM audyogika krAMti sarjavAmAM mahattvanuM pradAna karyuM. bharoso 1913mAM emaNe Apelo 'esenlI lAina' plAnTathI maTara, Treka ke skUTaranA ja utpAdanamAM nahIM, paraMtu reDiyo, Telivijhana, ghaDiyALo, rephrijareTaro vagerenAM jaththAbaMdha utpAdana karavAmAM mahattvanI pragati sadhAI. bhAratamAM moTara-utpAdanano prAraMbha karatAM pUrve eka bhAratIya udyogapati henrI phorDane maLavA mATe amerikA gayA. bhAratIya udyogapatie amerikA pahoMcIne henrI phorDa pAse maLavAno samaya mAgyo eTale henrI phorDa emane kahyuM ke divase to Apane mATe vadhu samaya phALavI nahIM zakuM, paraMtu sAMje cha vAge mAre ghera Avo to maLAze. bhAratIya udyogapati henrI phorDanA nivAsasthAne pahoMcyA, tyAre eka mANasa vAsaNa sApha karI rahyo hato. udyogapatie ene pUchyuM, "mAre henrI phorDa sAhebane maLavAnuM che. emaNe mane mulAkAtano samaya Apyo che." mananI mirAta pa3 janma : 25 navembara, 183pa, kanpharmalAina, skaoNTalaeNnDa avasAna : 11 ogasTa, 1919, lenoksa, amerikSa para mananI mirAta

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A mANasa emane dIvAnakhaMDamAM besADIne aMdara gayo ane thoDI vAra pachI bhAratIya udyogapati sAme AvIne hAtha laMbAvatAM kahyuM, "huM henrI phorDa chuM." udyogapatinA Azcaryano pAra na rahyo. henrI phorDa sAme sAzaka najare joyuM ane bolyA, "sAheba, Apa to gharanA nokaranuM kAma karatA hatA. ATalI moTI kaMpanInA mAlika AvI rIte vAsaNa sApha karatA hoya e joIne koIne paNa bhrama thaI jAya, AvuM kAma to nokaroe karavAnuM hoya." henrI phorDe kahyuM, "mArA pUrvajo AyarlenDathI AvIne amerikAmAM vasyA, mArA kArakirdInA prAraMbhe huM DeTroiTamAM mazInisTa eprenTIsa tarIke kAma karato hato. mAruM badhuM ja kAma jAte karato hato. A kaThora parizramane kAraNe Aje phorDa moTarano mAlika banyo chuM, paraMtu huM mAro bhUtakALa bhUlI jAuM nahIM ane loko mane moTo mANasa mAne nahIM, te mATe huM jAte ja mArAM badhAM kAma karuM chuM. emAM mane kazI zarama AvatI nathI ke AnAkAnI thatI nathI." henrI phorDanAM A vacano sAMbhaLIne bhAratIya udyogapatie emanI rajA letAM kahyuM, "sAheba, huM jAuM chuM. huM je irAdAthI ApanI pAse Avyo hato, e to eka ja miniTamAM siddha thaI gayo. mane samajAyuM ke saphaLatA meLavavA mATe bIjA para AdhAra rAkhavo nahIM, balake potAnI jAta para bharoso rAkhavo." tUTelI mAnavInA gahana bhAvo pragaTa karanArA citrakAra ane jIvana vizenuM maulika ane arthagaMbhIra ciMtana AlekhanArA khalila jibrAna bairutamAM pAMkho vasatA hatA, khUba nAnI vayathI liyonArDo da' vicInAM citromAM UMDI dilacaspI dharAvatA hatA. citrakalAnA abhyAsa mATe 1901mAM khalila jibrAna paeNrisa gayA ane ahIM emaNe 'spiriTa ribelyasa" nAmanuM pustaka lakhyuM. khristI romana kaeNthalika saMpradAyanA anuyAyI jibrAna para bairutanA pAdarIo AvuM 'vidrohI ane yuvAnone geramArge doranAruM pustaka' lakhavA mATe eTalA to gusse thayA ke emane saMpradAyamAMthI hAMkI kADhayA ane dezavAnI sajA pharamAvI. emaNe amerikAmAM vasavATa svIkAryo. 1903mAM mAtA kAmilA rAhamInI mAMdagIne kAraNe khalila jibrAna paeNrisathI amerikA AvyA ane bImAra mAtAne emanI kRti "dha propheTa' vAMcI saMbhaLAvI. A samaye mAtAe salAha ApI ke hajI hamaNAM ene pragaTa karavAnI utAvaLa kara nahIM, ene paripakva thavA de. ane hakIkate e kRtimAM khalila jibrAne janma : 30 julAI, 1863, mizigana, amerikA avasAna H 7 eprila, 1943, mizigana, amerikA 54 mananI mirAta mananI mirAta papa

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e pachI ghaNA sudhArA-vadhArA karyA ane mAtAnI salAhanuM pAlana karIne vIsa varSa bAda 'dha propheTa' aMgrejImAM pragaTa karyuM, je vizvabharamAM prasiddha thayuM. enA vicAro sAMbhaLIne enI bImAra mAtAe eka vAra kahyuM, beTA, tuM sanyAsI thayo hota ane devaLamAM raheto hota to tArA mATe ane lokone mATe lAbhadAyI banata." khalila jibrAne uttara Apyo, "mA, tArI vAta sAcI che, paraMtu A vizvamAM AvatA pUrve ja meM tane mAtA tarIke svIkArI hatI." mAtA kAmilA rAhamIe kahyuM, "beTA, tuM jamyo na hota to jarUra devadUta hota." khalila jibrAne khamIrabhera kahyuM, "mA, hajI paNa huM devadUta ja chuM ne." ane pachI potAnA be hAtha phelAvIne mAne kahyuM ke "jo mA, A che mArI pAMkho." kAmilA rAhamIe nirAzAbhera kahyuM, "beTa, pAMkho che kharI, paNa e tUTelI che." mAtAnI zikhAmaNanI mAphaka mAtA sAtheno A saMvAda khalila jibrAnanA hRdayamAM vasI gayo ane emaNe "dha brokana viMjha' nAmanI navalakathA lakhI, je carce khalila jibrAnane bairutamAMthI dezavaye Apyo hato, e ja carcanA pAdarIoe khalila jibrAna 48mA varSe avasAna pAmyA, tyAre ati sanmAnapUrvaka e ja carcamAM enI aMtyeSTi kyiA karI hatI. briTananA mahAna adAkAra ane kuzaLa philma-abhinetA sara eleka ginese jhera pIvAnI 1946mAM philma-kArakirdIno prAraMbha karyo. eka philmamAM eNe ATha ju dI judI salAha bhUmikA bhajavI hatI. briTiza kaoNmeDImAM eNe hAsya-adAkAra tarIke nAmanA meLavI ane vikhyAta philma 'dha brija oNna dha rivara kvAi' (1957)mAM yuddha kedIonI chAvaNImAM rahelA briTiza oNphisaranI bhUmikA mATe oNskara eNvaoNrDa maLyo. Telivijhana para eNe utkRSTa adAkArI dAkhavI ane 1980mAM philmanA kSetranA enA pradAnane mATe mAna ekaeNDemI eNvaoNrDa meLavyo hato. AvA sara eleka ginesa prasiddhinI parAkASThAe hatA tyAre emane maLavA mATe eka amerikana abajopati AvyA. emaNe A vikhyAta abhinetAne kahyuM, 'Apane maLIne huM khUba khuza thayo chuM.' sara eleka ginese ziSTatApUrNa pratyuttara vALatAM kahyuM, 'ApanA jevI dhanADhaca vyaktine maLatAM huM paNa AnaMda anubhavuM chuM.' amerikana dhanapatie mULa vAta para AvatAM kahyuM, 'huM eka darakhAsta laIne Avyo chuM. Apa enA para vicAra karazo ane svIkRti Apazo evI AzA rAkhuM chuM.' sara eleka ginese kahyuM, 'kaho, zI che ApanI darakhAsta?" mananI mirAta pa7 janma avasAna janyuArI, 283, moromana, sIriyA 10 eprila, 9, nyU yaoNriTI, ameri kra. 56 mananI mirAta

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amerikana dhanapatie vAtamAM moNa nAkhatAM kahyuM, 'sAheba, Apa mArI A darakhAsta svIkArazo to Apa paNa mArI mAphaka vizvanI atyaMta dhanADhya vyakti banI jazo. Apane kalpanAtIta dhana maLaze.' sara eleka ginese kahyuM, 'kaho, keTaluM dhana maLaze ?' amerikana dhanapatie utsAhabhera kahyuM, 'pUrA sattara miliyana DaoNlara !' adAkAra eleka ginese kahyuM, "sAce ja A ghaNI moTI 2kama che. paNa e mATe mAre zuM karavAnuM che ?' dhanapatie kahyuM, 'khAsa koI moTuM kAma karavAnuM nathI. nAnA kAmanA aDhaLaka dAma che. mArI dArUnI vikhyAta kaMpanInA vijJApana mATe tamAre maoNDaliMga karavAnuM che. mAre mArI kaMpanIne duniyAnI pahelA naMbaranI kaMpanI banAvavI che. ene mATe dArUnI vijJApanamAM tamArA jevI vizvaprasiddha vyaktine 'mAMDela' tarIke levA mAguM chuM.' sara eleka ginese kahyuM, 'barAbara, kaho zuM karavAnuM che ?' dhanapatie kahyuM, 'tamAre tamArA hAthamAM dArUthI chalochala glAsa levAno ane enA ghUMTaDA pIvAnA. thoDI ja vAramAM tame eka navI vyakti tarIke dekhAo. yuvAna, chaTAdAra ane AkarSaka ! mArI darakhAsta maMjUra che ne ?' sara eleka ginese kahyuM, 'mApha karajo, sAheba ! mArAthI A nahIM thAya. meM mArI jiMdagImAM kyAreya dArU pIdho nathI, to pachI huM lokone AvuM jhera pIvAnI salAha ane bhalAmaNa kaI rIte karI zakuM ? mane mApha karajo.' 58 janma 3 2 eprila, 1914, periMgaTona, iMglaeNnDa avasAna : 5 oNgasTa, 2000, vesTa saseksa, iMglaeNnDa mananI mirAta yunivarsiTInA zatAbdI mahotsava sAta janma prasaMge yunivarsiTInA pUrva ane vartamAna vidyArthIo, adhyApako ane AcAryo ekatrita thayA hatA. kulapatizrInA ochA paDe ! pramukhasthAne yojAyelA kAryakramamAM agraNI vyaktioe vaktavyo ApyAM. vaktavyo pachI daseka miniTanA virAma bAda punaH kAryakrmano prAraMbha thavAno hato. A samaye eka prauDha sajjane potAnI bAjumAM beThelA yuvAnane pUchyuM, "kema, tamAre bahAra javuM nathI ?" yuvAne kahyuM, "nA sAheba, mAre kAryakma mANavo che. enI eka kSaNa paNa javA devI nathI, tethI bahAra jaIne pAchA AvatAM jo thoDuM moDuM thaI jAya to zuM ? vaLI mane koI Adata nathI. sigAreTa to zuM, paNa cA-kaoNphIye pIto nathI." prauDha sajjane snehALa smita karatAM kahyuM, "bhAI, tamAro svabhAva mane pasaMda paDI gayo. ApaNe baMne sarakhA chIe. nAhakanI doDAdoDI karavAno artha zo ? barAbarane ?" A yuvAna ane prauDha vacce A saMvAdamAMthI saMbaMdha sarjAyo ane tyAre e prauDha sajjane yuvAnane pUchyuM, "tame zuM karo cho ? kyAM sudhI abhyAsa karyo?" yuvAne kahyuM, "meM ? meM khagoLazAstrano abhyAsa karyo che. mananI mirAta 59

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enA abhyAsanI pAchaLa khUba mahenata karI che. zuM vAta karuM enI, paNa tamane khyAla nahIM Ave ke snAtaka kakSAe khagoLazAstrano abhyAsa keTalo kaThina hoya che !" prauDha sajjana enI vAta sAMbhaLatA rahyA ane yuvAne jarA ahaMkArathI kahyuM, "sAheba, khagoLazAstramAM huM snAtaka banyo ane te paNa prathama vargamAM uttIrNa thaIne. amAre tyAM gaNyA-gAMThyA vidyArthIone A viSayamAM prathama varga prApta thAya che." praDha sajajane pUchavuM, "ema ?" yuvAne kahyuM, "ane Aje have huM khagoLazAstramAM niSNAta banI gayo chuM." prauDha sajjane kahyuM, "vAha, tame kharA nasIbadAra ! AvA gaMbhIra viSayamAM tame pAraMgata banyA e keTalI moTI vAta ! khagoLazAstramAM mane rasa che, paNa hajI huM to pA-pA pagalI bharI rahyo chuM." yuvAne kahyuM, "are ! khagoLazAstranuM jJAna e to eka vizALa sAgara jevuM che. emAM DUbakI mArI hoya ene ja khabara paDe ke tajjJa kaI rIte thavAya ?" yuvAnanI vAta svIkAratAM prauDhe kahyuM, "sAcI vAta. A viSayamAM jema huM UMDo abhyAsa karato jAuM chuM tema tema mane lAge che ke khagoLazAstra to jJAnano mahAsAgara che. eno abhyAsa mATe A janma to zuM, sAta janma paNa ochA paDe." eNe A prauDha sajjanane pUchayuM, "ApanuM nAma zuM ?" "Arthara klArka ." yuvAna bolI UThyo, "are, tame vizvavikhyAta khagoLazAstrI Arthara klArka !" vikhyAta vijJAnI AinsTAine enI jiMdagInI pratyeka kSaNano pUrepUro samayapatraka | hisAba Apyo. anekavidha kSetromAM emanI pratibhA viharatI rahI ane AvI mahAna pramANe vyaktie vizvane sApekSavAda jevo mahattvano siddhAMta Apyo. AlbarTa AinsTAinanuM citta sadAya enA kAryamAM parovAyeluM eka divasa prAtaHkALe AinsTAina emanA kAmamAM DUbelA tyAre eka yuvAne AvIne kahyuM, "mAre ApanuM mahattvanuM kAma che. Apa mane aDadho ke poNo kalAka Apazo kharA ? mAre mATe ApanuM mArgadarzana jarUrI che." AlbarTa AinsTAine e yuvAnane kahyuM, "huM khUba dilagIra chuM. atyAre tamArI sAthe vAta karavA mATe ATalo samaya phALavI zakuM tema nathI." yuvAne kahyuM, "tame kaho tyAre tamane maLavA AvuM, paNa mAre vAtacIta karavI jarUrI che ane Apano ardhA-poNA kalAkano mananI mirAta 61 janma : 16 Disembara, 1917, mAinapheDa, samaraseTa, iMglaeNnDa avasAna : 19 mArca, 2008, kolaMbo, zrIlaMkA 60 mananI mirAta

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samaya maLe te paNa Avazyaka che." AinsTAine kahyuM, "juo, pelA brijanA cheDe sAMje ApaNe maLIe. huM roja sAMjanA e bAju pharavA AvuM chuM. tyAM barAbara pAMca vAge Avajo. ApaNe sAthe cAlIzuM ane nirAMte vAta paNa karIzuM." yuvAna sAMjanA pAMca vAge brijanA cheDe hAjara thaI gayo. barAbara pAMcanA Takore AinsTAina dekhAyA. e emanI pAse gayo ane baMnee bagIcAmAM pharatA pharatA vArtAlApa rArU karyo. yuvAne potAnI vAta jaNAvI ane mArgadarzana mAgyuM. AinsTAine eno ukela batAvyo. aMte yuvake eka prazna karyo, "Ape savAre mane ardho kalAka ApavAnI nA pADI, paNa sAMje to ardho kalAka Apyo. Apano samaya to eTalo ja gayo, to pachI savAre zA mATe mArI sAthe vAtacIta na karI ?" AinsTAine kahyuM, "mitra, huM divasanI kAmagIrInuM samayapatraka rAkhuM chuM. agAunA divase rAtre huM mArA pachInA divasanA kAmanuM Ayojana karuM chuM. karyuM kAma kyAre karavuM tene mATe judo judo samaya nakkI karuM chuM. "have jo savAre meM tamane samaya Apyo hota, to mAruM niyata samayapatraka khoravAI jAta ane ene pariNAme mArAM divasabharanAM judAM judAM kAmo para asara thAta, AthI ja meM tamane mAro sAMjano pharavAno A samaya Apyo." janma avasAna : 14 mArca, 1879, ulma yurTenabarga, jarmanI - 18 eprila, 1955, prinsa Tona, nyujarsI, amerikA mananI mirAta amerikAnA gulAmonA muktidAtA ane mAnavatAvAdI pramukha abrAhama liMkana spriMgaphilDamAM vakIlAta karatA hatA, tyAre emano bhAgIdAra vakIla harnaDana kyAreka vahelI savAramAM oNphisamAM Avato, tyAre oNphisanA oraDAnI chata tarapha glAnibharI najara karIne cattApATa sUtelA abrAhama liMkanane joto. aMgata vedanA A dRzya jotAM e kaLI jato ke gharakaMkAsathI trAselo liMkana Aje vahelI savAre oNphise AvI gayo che. liMkananA caherA para vedanA ane glAninI rekhAo joIne harnaDana ene bolAvavAnI hiMmata karato nahIM. duHkhI mitrane hakIkata pUchIne e ene vadhu du:khI karavA cAhato nahoto, AthI harnaDana oNphisamAMthI potAnA jarUrI kAgaLo laIne cAlyo jato. roja bapore harnaDana bhojana mATe potAnA ghera jato, tyAre najIkamAM rahetA hovA chatAM liMkana gherathI lAvelA pAMunA TukaDA, thoDIka cIjha ane thoDAMka biskiTathI baporanuM bhojana patAvI detA. zanivAra ane ravivAre adAlatanuM kAmakAja baMdha hoya, mananI mirAta 3

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tyAre sAthI vakIlo potAne gAma jatA hatA, paraMtu liMkana kaMkAsabharyA gharamAM javAne badale e gAmanI nAnakaDI vIzImAM aneka pratikuLatAnI vacce 'vIka-enDa' gALavAnuM vadhu pasaMda karatA. simasanA divasomAM liMkanane potAne ghera potAnI mAne bolAvavAnI bahu icchA thatI. sAvakI mA hatI, paraMtu liMkana ene sagI mA jeTalI cAhato hato, paraMtu karkazA patnI maeNrIne kAraNe e AvI hiMmata karato nahIM. eka-be vakhata maeNrI samakSa liMkane mAtAne bolAvavAnI icchA pragaTa karI hatI, tyAre maeNrIe tochaDAIthI ene cokhkhI nA suNAvI dIdhI hatI. AthI bahu mana thAya tyAre liMkana pote mAtAne maLavA jatA ane enI saMbhALa letA. enA pitA ane sAvakA bhAIne liMkana dUra rahIne madada karatA hatA, paraMtu kyAreya emane ghera bolAvI zakatA nahIM. potAnA najIkanA mitrone ghera bhojana mATe bolAvavAnI enI ghaNI icchA hoya, paNa emane nimaMtraNa ApI zakatA nahIM. maeNrIe liMkananA parivAranI sAthe mitrone paNa potAne tyAM lAvavAnI manAI pharamAvI hatI. AvA pratikULa saMyoga hovA chatAM likane maeNrInA svabhAvanI vAta ke potAnA bhItaranI vedanA koIne kahI nahIM. liMkananA mAthA para Ano satata boja raheto, paraMtu potAnA najIkanA mitrone paNa enA A bojanI vAta karato nahIM. harnaDana jevA mitro paNa AnAthI ajANa rahyo, gulAmonI vedanA samajI zakanAra abrAhama liMkane potAnI aMgata vedanA kyAreya pragaTa karI nahIM. phrAMsanA samrATa nepoliyana bonApArTa (1769thI 1821)ne potAnI mAtA samRddhi laTesiyA para agAdha prema hato. phrAMsanA korsikA dvIpamAM vasatI laTesiyAne vacce sAdAI duzmanonA vAraMvAra thatA humalAne kAraNe mahinAo sudhI pitAvihoNA putrone laIne khetI ane gharabAra choDIne najIkanA parvatomAM Azraya levA javuM paDatuM. duzmano vinAza verIne cAlyA jatA, tyAre pharI pAchA potAnA gharamAM AvIne kaThora paristhiti vacce navesarathI jIvana vyatIta karavuM paDatuM hatuM. korsikAmAM bhayaMkara dharatIkaMpa thayo ane vidhavA laTesiyAne bALakone laIne mArkAI nagaramAM sthAyI thavuM paDyuM. mAtAe peTe pATA bAMdhIne bALakone bhaNAvyAM. samaya jatAM laTesiyAno putra nepoliyana bonApArTa vizALa phrenca sainyano senApati banyo ane vaLI caDatIno samaya AvatAM prathama kaoNnsala nepoliyana phrAMsano sattAvAra samrATa banyo. enuM rAjya vistaratuM gayuM. eka pachI eka deza para vijaya meLavato gayo. phrAnsanI prajAe nepoliyananI mAtAne 'maeNDama merI' ane 'proTekTiksa jenovelanI padavIthI navAjeza karI. janama 12 ArI, 1879, vaDana kAunTI, kekI, amerikA avasAna : 5 eprila, 1865, vozigTana DI.sI. amerikA 64 mananI mirAta mananI mirAta 6pa

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rAjamahelamAM vasatI laTesiyA dhAre teTalA vaibhavane bhogavI zake tema hatI; paraMtu eNe eka sAmAnya nArInI mAphaka jIvavAnuM pasaMda karyuM. koI vadhAre kharco nahIM. koI khoTA bhoga-vilAsa nahIM. sarvasattAdhIza samrATanI mAtA eka sAmAnya strInI mAphaka rahe te sahune khaTakatuM hatuM. eka vAra nepoliyana bonApArTa potAnI A atyaMta vahAlasoyI mAtAne prazna karyo, "ATalI badhI samRddhi hovA chatAM, tame zA mATe AvuM sAduM ane karakasarayukta jIvana jIvo cho ?" laTesiyAe kahyuM, "beTA, Aje samRddhi che, paNa AvatIkAla koNe joI che ? garIbInA e kAramA divaso pharI pAchA nahIM Ave enI khAtarI koNa ApI zake ? mAre to evI rIte jIvavuM che ke jethI caDatI Ave ke paDatI - kadI koI sthitimAM muzkelI na paDe." rAjamAtA laTesiyAnI A vAta akSarazaH sAcI TharI ! jagaprasiddha vaoNTarTUnA yuddhamAM nepoliyanano parAjaya thayo. eNe bIjI vAra gAdIno tyAga karyo. vaLI pAchuM ekaso divasa zAsana meLavyuM ane aMte nirjana evA senTa helenA TApu para ekAMta keda bhogavavI paDI. jIvananI caDatI ane paDatInI mAtAnI e vAta nepoliyana bonApArTane moDI moDI paNa samajAI. 66 janma avasAna : 15 oNgasTa, 1739, ejesIo, korsikA, phrAMsa : 5 me 1821, loMgavuDa, seMTa helenA TApu mananI mirAta vijhiTa phI iMglaeNnDanA vikhyAta nATyasarjaka jyaoNrja barnArDa zaoN asvasthatAno anubhava karatA hatA. emaNe DaoNkTarane vijhiTe AvavA kahyuM. jyaoNrja barnArDa zaoNnI UMcI sIDI caDatAM DaoNkTara hAMphI gayA. DaoNkTare potAnI baeNga mUkatAM kahyuM, "misTara zaoN, A tamAro dAdaro to kevo UMco che ? bhalabhalA hAMphI jAya. mane to parasevo vaLI gayo ane mAthAmAM cakkara AvavA lAgyA." barnArDa zaoNe DaoNkTarane ArAmathI besavA vinaMtI karI ane potAnI pAse mAthAnA duHkhAvAnI je TaeNbleTa hatI te ApI. DaoNkTare TaeNbleTa lIdhI ane zaoNe jANe emanuM nidAna karatA hoya tema kahyuM, "DaoNkTara sAheba, tamAre vadhatI jatI carabInuM dhyAna rAkhavuM joIe. miSTa vAnagIo parathI mana haTAvI levuM joIe. roja phaLa khAvAM ane lIlAM zAkabhAjIne bhUlavAM nahIM." DaoNkTara A vikhyAta lekhakanI salAha sAMbhaLI rahyA. emaNe kahyuM, "vAha ! dhanyavAda !" mananI mirAta 67

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barnArDa zaoNe AgaLa calAvyuM, "juo, tamAre thoDA vyAyAmanI paNa jarUra che. mArI uMmara tamArA karatAM bamaNI che, chatAM mArI skUrti ane svasthatA to juo. A mArI salAha mATe tamAre mane paMdara pAunDanI phI ApavI paDaze." DaoNkTare barnArDa zone kahyuM, "mApha karajo, mi. zaoN ! phI to tamAre ApavI paDaze. mAre kAraNe ja tame ATalA skUrtivAna banyA cho." barnArDa zaoNe kahyuM, "tamane davA meM ApI, salAha meM ApI, to tamAre ja phI ApavI joIe ne ?" DaoNkTare hasatAM hasatAM kahyuM, "mi. zo ! tame hAsyalekhaka tarIke ghaNI vAra sIdhI vANIne badale avaLavANIno prayoga karo cho. vyaMga ke kaTAkSa prayojo cho. ema DaoNkTara tarIke mArI A viziSTa paddhati che. bImArane tyAM jaIne huM svayaM bImAra banI jAuM chuM jethI rogI mArA rogano vicAra kare. ene thayelA roganI AgaLa mAro roga gaMbhIra ane bahu moTo lAge ane e rIte e potAnA roganA vahemamAMthI mukta thaI jAya. A che mArI upacAra-paddhati. have lAvo mArI vijhiTanA vIsa pAunDa!" emanuM Akhu nAma vinsTana laeNnArDa spensara carcila, bIjA vizvayuddha nI nivRtti eTale kaTokaTInA samayamAM carcilane briTananuM vaDApradhAnapada soMpavAmAM AvyuM. nivRtti briTana yuddhanI gherI kaTokaTImAM sapaDAyeluM hatuM. A samaye carcile briTanane vijayane mATe Apelo saMketa 'vI phaoNra vikTarI' iMglenDanA rASTrIya svAbhimAnanuM pratIka banI gayo. sara vinsTana carcile hiTalaranA bhayanI sAme lokomAM hiMmata jagADI. enI vAchaTAthI eNe prajAmAM sAhasano saMcAra karyo. e pachI 194pamAM carcilanA rUDhicusta pakSanI hAra thaI, paraMtu 1951nI cUMTaNImAM carcila pharI briTananA vaDApradhAna banyA. 1955nI chaThThI eprile carcile svAthyane kAraNe rAjInAmuM ApyuM ane sakriya rAjakAraNamAMthI nivRtti lIdhI. e pachI carcila dasa varSa jIvyA. nivRttinA A samayagALAmAM carcila dhArmika vAcana ane bAgakAma karatA hatA. emanA mitra sara vinsTana carcilane maLavA janma : 26 julAI, 1856, klina, AyarlenDa avasAna : 2 navembara, 1W0, harTaphoDarAyara, iMglaeNnDa 68 mananI mirAta mananI mirAta 69

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gayA, tyAre teo eka choDa ropI rahyA hatA. mitrae vizvanA vartamAna samayanA rAjakIya pravAho aMge carcilane prazno karyA. enA javAbamAM carcile kahyuM, "dosta, A bAgabAnI karavAmAM bhAre majA Ave che." mitrae kahyuM, "paNa mAre Apane kaMIka pUchavuM che." sara vinsTana carcile kahyuM, "mane pUchavuM che ? be bAbatamAM tame niHsaMkoca pUchI zako cho. eka to tame mane bAgakAma vize pUcho athavA niyamita bAibala vAMcuM chuM tene vize pUchI zako cho." - mitrae kahyuM, "nA, mAre to tamArA jevA mutsaddIna rAja kAraNa vize pUchavuM che." vinsTana carcile kahyuM, "dosta, meM rAjakAraNamAMthI nivRtti lIdhI che. mAruM e kAma pUruM thayuM. have mane rAjanItimAM lezamAtra rasa nathI. have to zrama ane prArthanA e ja mAruM jIvanakArya che." mahAtmA gAMdhIjI ne je manA nibaMdhamAMthI 'savinaya kAnUnabhaMganI saMjJA pApanI. maLI hatI tevA prakRtinI godamAM jIvana gALanArA henrI DeviDa thorone vizvAsa kabUlAta hato ke A jagatamAM tattvataH to udAtta koTinAM tattvo vyApta che. A henrI thaoNrIe vAlDana sarovara pAsenA jaMgalamAM kuTira bAMdhIne rahevAnuM zarU karyuM. e kuTira paNa eNe jAte bAMdhI hatI. sAdAIbharyuM jIvana gALavuM, prakRtinirIkSaNamAM samaya pasAra karavo ane kudaratanI vacce rahIne kalyANabhAvanA anubhavavI, potAnA aMtaHkaraNane anusaravuM, karakasarabharI rIte jIvavuM - e badhA henrI DeviDa thoronA vicAro hatA ane e vicArone eNe potAnA jIvanamAM amalamAM mUkyA hatA. henrI DeviDa thoro jIvananuM UMcuM mUlya AMkatA ane evAM mUlyothI ja emaNe jIvana vyatIta karyuM. emaNe emanA moTAbhAganuM jIvana amerikAnA mesegyuseTsa rAjyanA kaoNnpharDamAM pasAra karyuM. gulAmInI prathA viruddha jhajhUmanAra jhaoNna brAunane phAMsI ApavAmAM AvatAM henrI thaoNrone bhAre AghAta lAgyo. emanuM svAthya kathaLyuM. mananI mirAta 71 janma : 30 navembara, 1874, belinahAuma, iMglenDa avasAna : 24 jAnyuArI, 196pa, oNksapharDa thrAihAiDa pArka, laMDana, iMglaeNnDa 70 mananI mirAta

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e pachI kSayano roga emane gherI vaLyo ane teo jIvanano aMtima zvAsa letA hatA tyAre emanAM dAdImAe kahyuM, "beTA, mane ema lAge che ke ApaNe have koI pAdarIne bolAvIe." henrI thoroe pUchyuM, "emane bolAvavAnI jarUra zI che?" vRddha dAdImAe kahyuM, "beTA, tuM moTo lekhaka che e vAta sAcI, teM ghaNuM ciMtana karyuM che e paNa kharuM, paraMtu mANasa mRtyu veLAe pAdarIne bolAvIne emanI samakSa potAnAM pAponI kabUlAta kare che. e tuM kyAM nathI jANato ?'' henrI thaoNrIe kahyuM, "jo pAdarIne bolAvIne pApanI kabUlAta ja karavAnI hoya, to emane bolAvavAnI kazI jarUra nathI. meM jiMdagImAM pApa ja karyuM nathI, pachI kabulAta karavAnI zI vAta ?" ATaluM bolIne mahAtmA thoroe A jagatanI vidAya lIdhI. aMgrejI sAhityanA uttama nibaMdhasarjaka ane vivecaka viliyama parvagrahone hejhaliTane jIvanamAM mAtra kAramI garIbIno ja nahIM, paraMtu gADha hatAzAno paNa pAra anubhava karavo paDyo. enA pitAnI icchA ene pAdarI banAvavAnI hatI, paraMtu e mATe ekAda varSa abhyAsa karIne e ghera pAcho pharyo. eno bhAI citrakAra hovAthI citrakAra banavAno vicAra karyo, paraMtu evAmAM lekhaka thavAnuM mana thayuM. nibaMdhakAra ane vivecaka tarIke hejhaliTe aMgrejI sAhityamAM mahattvanuM pradAna chavvIsa varSanI vaye enuM prathama pustaka pragaTa thayuM ane bAvana varSanI vaye e avasAna pAmyA. pacIsa varSanA enA sarjanakALamAM eNe uttama lekhanakArya karyuM. aMgrejI sAhityamAM semyuala honsana pachIno e sauthI moTo vivecaka gaNAyo. zeksapiyaranAM nATako vize viliyama hejhaliTe mahattvanuM vivecana kArya karyuM. ATaluM badhuM sAhityasarjana karavA chatAM enA samayakALamAM ene sarjaka tarIke vizeSa khyAti maLI nahIM. mAthe devuM vadhI gayuM ane ene pariNAme ene kArAvAsa paNa bhogavavo mananI mirAta 73 janma : 12 julAI, 1813, konka, maeNsecUseTsa, amerikA avasAna H 6 me, 1862, konka, kaeNsecUseTsa, amerikA 72 mananI mirAta

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paDyo. 1808mAM sarAha ToDArTa sAthe eNe lagna karyo. eNe traNeka varSa pachI sArA vAMkara nAmanI yuvatInA gaLADUba premane kAraNe eNe potAnI patnIne chUTAcheDA ApyA. hakIkatamAM sArA vAMkara viliyama hejhaliTa sAthe premanuM nATaka karI rahI hatI. hejhaliTa chetarAyo ane sahue ene bevakUpha gaNyo. AvI kAramI garIbI ane hatAzA anubhavanAra hejhaliTe enA manane vicArathI daridra rAkhavAne badale sadAya samRddha rAkhavA prayAsa karyo. kaparA saMjogone kAraNe vyaktinI jIvanadRSTimAM kaTutA vyApa paraMtu viliyama hejhaliTe koInAya pratye kaTutA dAkhavyA vinA potAnI vAta pragaTa karI. bAhya jIvanamAM vedanA ane vaMcanAnA baLabaLatA vAyu vIMjhAtA hatA, chatAM eNe potAnA cittanI prasannatAne bhArobhAra jALavI rAkhI. AthI ja eNe potAnA nibaMdhamAM lakhyuM ke pUrvagraho upara meM mArA koI abhiprAyo bAMdhyA nathI. gulAmonA muktidAtA abrAhama liMkananA jIvanano prAraMbhakALa rajhaLapATamAM AdaranI gayo. hADamArIbharI jiMdagImAM paNa abrAhama sakhata kAma karatA ane bakSisa. kizoravayamAM ja cha phUTa ane cAra iMcanI UMcI ane pAtaLI dehayaSTi dharAvanAra majabUta abrAhama liMkana biyAraNa oravAnuM, haLa calAvavAnuM ane pAkanI laNaNI karavA jevAM ghaNAM kAma karI zakatA hatA. A samaye amerikAmAM gulAmInI prathA habasIonA jIvanamAM zAparUpa banI hatI. eka vAra abrAhama liMkana eka haoNTalamAM cA pIvA gayA. A haoNTalanA habasI nokare zveta varNavALA abrAhama liMkananI suMdara khAtara-baradAsta karI. habasI nokare saujanya ane AdarapUrvaka kAma karyuM. haoNTalamAMthI cA pIne bahAra nIkaLatA abrAhama liMkana enI sAme hasyA ane sAthosAtha bakSisa ApI. eTaluM ja nahIM paNa mAthA parathI potAnI haMTa utArIne AbhAranA zabdo kahyA. habasI Azcaryacakita thaI gayo. eka to koI goro kyAreya habasI sAme hasato nahIM. ethIya vadhu koI bakSisa Apato nahIM. mananI mirAta 75 janma : 10 eprila, 1778, meiDasTona, iMglaeNnDa avasAna : 18 sapTembara, 1830, soho, laMDana, iMglenDa 74 mananI mirAta

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emAM vaLI haMTa utArIne Adara Ape enI kalpanA karavI eka habasIne mATe ati kaThina hatI. A habasI khuza thato thato abrAhama liMkana pAse gayo ane bolyo, "sAheba, tame koI mahAna mAnavI lAgo cho !" abrAhama liMkane kahyuM, "bhAI, huM to sAva sAmAnya mANasa chuM." bhale tame Aje sAmAnya mANasa hazo, paNa AvatIkAle tame jarUra mahAmAnava thazo." abrAhama liMkane hasatAM hasatAM pUchyuM, "teM mAruM bhaviSya zI rIte bhAkhyuM, enuM koI kAraNa?" habasI nokare kahyuM, "sAheba, chellAM aDhAra varSathI A haoNTalamAM huM nokarI karuM chuM. je koI Ave enI pUrI khAtara-baradAsta karuM chuM. je kaMI mAge te tarata lAvIne hAjara karuM chuM. paNa koI goro grAhaka mArA tarapha kyAreya hasyo nathI, mArA pratye haMmezAM tiraskAra ke ghUNAnI najare e jotA hoya che. tame to mane bakSisa ApI. Aja sudhI mane bakSisamAM 'nigara', 'bagara', 'Dhama" jevA apazabdo ja maLyA che. A apazabdo ja amAruM saMbodhana banI gayA. eTaluM ja nahIM, paNa tame mane AbhAravacano kahI heTa utArIne mAro AbhAra mAnyo. AvA zveta mAnavIne meM joyA nathI. tame jarUra mahAna mAnavI banazo." Ama kahIne e vRddha habasIe abrAhama liMkanane namana karyA. rAjano dharma rANI elijhAbethanA pati rAjA lUI yuddha khelavA mATe anya pradezamAM gayA, tyAre rANI elijhAbethane rAja kArabhAra calAvavAnuM soMpavAmAM AvyuM. e samaye I. sa. 122pamAM bhISaNa duSkALa paDyo ane aneka loko duSkALanA khapparamAM homAvA lAgyA. keTalAMya prANIo bhUkhathI taraphaDIne mRtyu pAmavA lAgyAM. annano dANo meLavavA mATe loko prANanI paNa paravA karyA vinA lUMTaphATa karavA lAgyA. AvI paristhiti hovA chatAM rAja karmacArIoe kazA nakkara pagalAM lIdhAM nahIM, ethIyA vizeSa duSkALanI vAtone vadhu paDatI cagAvavAmAM AvI che ema kahIne lokone dhutkAryA. rANI elijhAbethane A paristhitinI jANa thatAM ja eNe tatkALa hukama karyo, rAjano annabhaMDAra prajAne mATe khullo mUkI do. je dhanabhaMDAra che, emAMthI dhana vAparIne anna ekaThuM karI, garIbone vaheMcI Apo." mananI mirAta 77 janma : 12 phebruArI, 180e, kArDana kAunTI, kekI, amerikSa avasAna : 15 eprila, 1865, voziMgTana DI.sI. amerikA 76 mananI mirAta

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rAja sevakone rANIno hukama pasaMda paDyo nahIM, paraMtu kare zuM ? AvI rIte rAja bhaMDAra ghaTato joIne rAjA lUInA saMbaMdhIo akaLAyA. enA zvazura pakSanA lokoe atyaMta nArAja gI vyakta karI. emaNe vicAryuM ke jo AvI rIte rAjano bhaMDAra kharcI nAkhaze, to zuM thaze? AthI rANInI viruddha prapaMca ghaDAvA lAgyA. ene dhamakI ApavAmAM AvI ke tame AvI rIte rAjanuM dhana veDaphI rahyAM cho tethI rAjA lUI Avaze tyAre tamane AkarI sajA phaTakAraze. duSkALapIDita prajAe rANIne 'Izvare mokalelo devadUta' mAnavA lAgyA ane cotarapha enI prazaMsA thavA lAgI. thoDA samaya bAda rAjA lUI yuddhamAMthI pAcho pharyo tyAre prajAe eno utsAhabhera Adara-satkAra ryo, paNa bIje divase rAjAnA bhAIe ane anya kuTuMbIjanoe rAjA lUIne phariyAda karI ke.. ApanI anupasthitimAM rANIe rAja garimAno anAdara karIne, svacchedathI rAja bhaMDAra lUMTAvI dIdho che. rAja bhaMDAra vinA rAjAnI zI sthiti thAya ? Apa rANIne sajA karo, je thI emane emanA kRtya mATe pastAvo thAya ane pharI AvI bhUla kare nahIM." A sAMbhaLI rAjA lUIe hasIne kahyuM, ohoho ! emAM te zuM thayuM ? bhUkhI prajAne bhojana ApavuM e rAjano dharma che, tethI rANIe to potAno dharma bajAvyo che. emAM zuM khoTuM karyuM ? eNe garIbone rAja to nathI ApI dIdhuM ne ?" rAjAno uttara sAMbhaLIne phariyAda karanArA zAMta thaI gayA. grIsanA eNthensa nagaramAM vasatA tattvajJAnI DAyojinise grIsavAsIone gulAmano ya navIna jIvanazailI apanAvavAnI vAta karI. gulAma e eNthensanI zerIomAM divase phAnasa laIne ghUmato hato ane koI ene pUchatuM ke "zA mATe divase phAnasa laIne A zerIomAM ghUmo cho?" tyAre A tattvajJAnI vyaMgathI kaheto, "huM koI pramANika mANasane zodhI rahyo chuM." eNthensavAsI DAyojinisane tyAM ghaNA samayathI eka gulAma kAma karato hato. e A tattvajJAnInA gharanI pUrepUrI saMbhALa leto hato ane gharanAM moTAbhAganAM kAmo karato hato. eka divasa e gulAma kyAMka nAsI gayo eTale paDozIoe AvIne DAyojinisane salAha ApI ke grIsanA kAyadA pramANe tame enI dharapakaDa karAvo ane pharI tamAre ghera gulAma tarIke rAkho. vaLI koIe kahyuM, tamArA jevI vyakti zaramajanaka gharakAma jAte kare, te yogya na kahevAya. tame ene pakaDI maMgAvo." mananI mirAta 79 janma : 7 julAI, 1207, kesTara opha saroyoTaka, haMgerI avasAna : 13 navembara, 1231, haMgerI 78 mananI mirAta

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bIjAe mAhitI paNa ApI ke e gulAma eNthensamAM ja che ane ene pakaDIne pAcho laI Avavo e ramatavAta che. A sAMbhaLIne DAyojinise kahyuM, "mane khabara che ke A gulAma atyAre kyAM che, paNa huM ene pakaDIne pAcho bolAvavA mAgato nathI." "zA mATe ?" "kAraNa ke huM gulAma karatAMya halako ke Utarato banavA mAgato nathI. mAre gulAmanA gulAma thayuM nathI." "are, tame kAyadA mujaba kAma karo cho. ene pAcho lAvo cho emAM khoTuM zuM ? zuM gulAmanA gulAma thavAnuM ?" "juo, eka nAcIjha gulAma mArA vagara mukta ane svataMtra banIne rahI zake che ane huM tenA vagara jIvI zakuM nahIM, to amArA bemAMthI koNa Utarato gaNAya ? e gulAma mArA vinA jIvI zake ane huM enA vinA jIvI zakuM nahIM, to temAM gulAma koNa kahevAya - e ke huM ? ene baLajabarIthI mArA gharamAM rAkhuM to huM gulAmano paNa gulAma gaNAIza." grIsamAM DAyojinise svAvalaMbanano mahimA karyo. 80 janma avasAna - I. pU. 412, sinopa, grIsa - I. pU. 323, korindha, grIsa mananI mirAta sAcuM AzvAsana bhagavAna buddhanA samakAlIna evA mahAtmA kanphyUziyasanA vicAroe cInanI rAjakIya ane sAmAjika praNAlI para gADha asara karI. potAnA vanamAM paMdara varSa sudhI ekAMtavAsa sevIne emaNe UMDuM ciMtana karyuM ane tyArabAda tera varSa sudhI paribhramaNa karIne lokone dharmajJAna ApyuM. emaNe vyakti ane rAjA baMnene anulakSIne upadeza Apyo. emaNe kahyuM ke prema, kartavyapAlana, dAna, kSamA, sahiSNutA tathA tapa jevA guNothI mANasane zAMti ane sukha maLe che, jyAre rAjAone mATe emaNe kaDaka zistapAlananI vAta karI. 'jevo rAjA, tevI prajA' ema mAnatA hovAthI rAjAne mATe custa niyamapAlana ane umadA ziSTAcArapAlanano Agraha sevyo. mAnavatAvAda e emanI vicAradhArAnuM pradhAna sUtra hatuM. eka vAra cInamAM paribhramaNa karI rahelA mahAtmA kanphyUziyasane nagarajanoe eka samAcAra ApatAM kahyuM, mananI mirAta 81

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guruvarya, yu dezano rAjakumAra kuMga ati udAra che. rAja kumAra kuMga gaI kAle zikAre nIkaLyo, tyAre zikAra pAchaLa doDavA jatAM enuM ratnajaDita tIra rastAmAM kyAMka paDI gayuM. rAjasevakone AnI jANa thatAM A tIrane zodhavA mATe teo AkhuM jaMgala khuMdI vaLyA, paNa kyAMya patto lAgyo nahIM." ghaNI mahenata karyA bAda nirAza thayelA rAjasevakoe rAja kumAra kuMgane kahyuM, ame AkhuM jaMgala khUMdI vaLyA, paNa kyAMya peluM ratnajaDita suMdara tIra amane maLyuM nahIM." gusse thavAne badale rAjakumAra kuMge zAMtithI kahyuM, kazo vAMdho nahIM, ApaNA rAjanA jaMgalamAM ja paDyuM che eTale ApaNA rAja nA koI vatanIne ja maLyuM haze. sAruM thayuM." nagarajanoe kahyuM, "rAjakumAra kevA udAra dRSTivALA kahevAya? ratnajaDita tIra gumAvyAno aphasosa karavAne badale emaNe kevuM sarasa AzvAsana meLavyuM !" mAnavatAvAdI kaphyuziyase kahyuM, "rAjakumAra kuMga vizALa dRSTino che ema huM mAnato nathI. mArA maMtavya pramANe to e saMkucita dRSTino kahevAya. eNe ema kahevuM joItuM hatuM ke khera! mANasanI vastu mANasane ja maLI ne !" amerikAnA benjAmina phrenkalina mudraka, prakAzaka, lekhaka, saMzodhaka, vijJAnI samayanI ane amerikAnI svataMtratAnuM jAheranAmuM tathA enuM baMdhAraNa ghaDanAra mutsadI tarIke mokaLAza jANItA banyA. sAbu ane mINabattI banAvanAra garIba pitAnAM sattara saMtAnomAMthI benjAmina phrenkalina dasamuM saMtAna hatA. mAtra 10 varSanI vaya sudhI abhyAsa karavAnI taka maLI. bAramA varSe to potAnA bhAInA chApakhAnAmAM zikhAu tarIke kAme vaLagyA. pahelAM amerikAnA philADelphiyAmAM ane pachI greTabriTananA laMDanamAM kAma karyuM. emaNe calaNI noTo chApanAra tarIke ane paMcAMganA prakAzaka tarIke prazaMsanIya kAmagIrI bajAvI. ethIya AgaLa jaIne agnizAmaka vibhAga, Apa-le pustakAlaya ane akAdamInI sthApanA karI. samaya jatAM A akAdamIe pensilaveniyA yunivarsiTI rUpe sAkAra thaI. prakAzana pachI amerikAnA uttara vibhAganAM badhAM saMsthAnonI DepyuTI posTa mAsTara janaralanI kAmagIrI bajAvI. evAmAM vijJAnamAM rasa paDatAM emaNe sthita-vidyuta (sTeTikailekTrisiTI)no siddhAMta zodhyo. bIjI bAju amerikI vasAhatone mananI mirAta 83 janma : 28 sapTembara, i. pU. papa1, ku, kro DAyanesTI, cIna avasAna : I. 5. 439, phaka, jho DAyanesTI, cIna 82 mananI mirAta

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greTabriTanathI chUTI pADavAnI jhaMtimAM sAmela thayA. svataMtratAnuM jAheranAmuM ghaDanArI pAMca vyaktiomAMnA teo eka hatA. phrAMsamAM rAja dUta tarIke paNa kAma karyuM. sAthosAtha phreMkaline sTavanI zodha karI. rasAyaNazAstramAM ati mahattvanAM saMzodhano karanAra krisTalIne paNa emaNe protsAhana ApyuM. emaNe navA vijJAnano pAyo nAkhanArAM pustakonuM paNa sarjana karyuM. corAsI varSanA AyuSyamAM aneka jiMdagI jeTaluM kAma karanArA benjAmina phrenkalina mAnatA hatA ke jeo jIvanane cAhe che, emaNe samaya saheje barabAda karavo joIe nahIM. jeo samaya barabAda kare che, teo jIvana barabAda kare che. ATalAM badhAM kAryo vacce jIvanano AnaMda kaI rIte pAmI zakAya? evo savAla jAge, tyAre enuM rahasya darzAvatAM benjAmina phrenkalina kahe che, jIvanano sauthI moTo vaibhava e samayanI mokaLAza che. ArAma karavA mATe, vicAra karavA mATe, tamArI zakti pramANe utkRSTa kArya karavA mATe samayanI mokaLAza jarUrI che ane te eka ja mArge AvI zake. tame tamArA jIvananAM kAryonAM agratAkramanuM Ayojana karo. te aMge pUrato vicAra karo ane pachI kArya karo. tamArAM badhAM ja kAryone yogya saMdarbhamAM mUko. Ama karazo to tamArA jIvanamAM navI cetanA Avaze. jIvanamAM varSono vadhAro thaze ane varSomAM navajIvanano saMcAra konuM sApekSatAnA siddhAMtanA sthApaka, bhautikazAstrI ane gaNitajJa evA AlbarTa | AinsTAinanAM saMzodhanoe vijJAna tattvapraNAlImAM jhaMtikArI parivartana ANyuM. mahattva? karacalIvALo sUTa ane kapALa DhAMkatA vALa sAthe pharatA AlbarTa AinsTAine kyAreya potAnA paheraveza, dekhAva ke sAmAjika rUDhionI darakAra karI nahotI. emano jIva to emanAM saMzodhanomAM eTalo DUbelo raheto ke potAnI jarUriyAto ochI karIne e potAnA saMzodhanakAryamAM magna rahetA. barlinamAM nAnakaDI oraDI bhADe rAkhI AlbarTa AinsTAine samagra samaya ane zakti zodha kAryamAM lagADI dIdhAM. vizvabharamAMthI emane vyAkhyAno ApavA mATe nimaMtraNo maLavA lAgyAM. emanA siddhAMto samajavA ghaNAne mATe muzkela hatA, tema chatAM AinsTAinane jovA ane sAMbhaLavA mATe vizALa janamedanI ekatrita thatI hatI. emAM paNa AlbarTa AinsTAina vyAkhyAna mATe jAya tyAre emanI patnI elsAne emanA paheraveza aMge khUba ciMtA rahetI. emanAM lagharavaghara kapaDAM elsAne pasaMda nahotAM. thaze." janma : 17 jAnyuArI, 1303, bosTana, maeNsecUseTsa, amerikA avasAna : 13 eprila, 1390, philADelphiyA, pensilaveniyA, amerikA 84 mananI mirAta mananI mirAta 85

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mobhA mujaba ThATha rAkhavAmAM AinsTAina mAnatA nahotA. eka vAra AlbarTa AinsTAina vyAkhyAna-pravAse jatA hatA, tyAre elsAe emane bhArapUrvaka kahyuM, "juo, A kALo sUTa che te tamAre vyAkhyAna samaye paheravAno che. karacalIvALo jUno sUTa paherAI jAya nahIM tenuM dhyAna rAkhajo. vaLI kALA sUTa sAthe A mojA ane TAI tathA dhoyeluM khamIsa paherajo." AlbarTa AinsTAine emanI patnIne kahyuM, "are ilsA, tuM nakAmI AvI mahattvahIna bAbatonI ciMtA kare che. je kapaDAM hAtha jaDyAM te paherI levAnAM." e pachI AinsTAina pravAse nIkaLyA. vyAkhyAna ApIne pAchA pharyA, tyAre elsAe emanI suTakesa joI to khyAla Avyo ke pelo kALo suTa tathA mojA, TAI ane khamIsa ema ne ema akabaMdha paDyAM hatAM. elsAe AinsTAinane Thapako ApatI hoya e rIte kahyuM, tame to kevA cho ? khAsa tAkIda karI hatI ane bhUlI gayA. vyAkhyAna samaye A navo sUTa na paheryo ?" AlbarTa AinsTAine enA vikharAyelA vALa para hAtha pheravatAM kahyuM, "oha, tame kahyuM hatuM te sAcuM, paNa vyAkhyAnanA vicAramAM eTalo badho DUbelo hato ke mane e yAda AvyuM nahIM." oha, lokone tamArA dhoyA vagaranA khamIsa ane karacalIvALAM sUTa joIne kevuM lAgyuM haze ?" - AlbarTa AinsTAIne kahyuM, "mane tuM e vAtano javAba Apa ke e loko mane sAMbhaLavA AvyA hatA ke mArAM kapaDAM jovA ?" 1940thI 1945 sudhI briTananuM vaDApradhAnapada saMbhALanAra sara vinsTana kalAno. carcila samartha rAjapuruSa tarIke vizvabharamAM AnaMda AdarapAtra banI rahyA. dvitIya vizvayuddhamAM iMglenDanA svAbhimAna ane khamIrane jAgrata karIne emaNe kaTokaTIne samaye hiMmatabhera doravaNI ApIne dezane vijaya apAvyo. briTananA vaDApradhAna carcila, amerikAnA pramukha rUjhavelTa ane raziyAnA sTAlina - A traNe rAjapuruSo yuddha pachInA nUtana vizvanA nirmANakartA lekhAyA. vizvayuddhanI kaTokaTIbharI paristhitimAM briTanane vijayI banAvanAra vinsTana carcilano 'vI oNra vikTarI'no saMketa sarvatra jANIto banyo. paraMtu e pachI yojAyelI briTananI cUMTaNImAM iMglenDanI prajAe yuddhamAM kuzaLa ane saphaLa kArya karanAra rUDhicusta pakSane jAkAro Apyo ane zAMtikALamAM dezanA navanirmANanI dhurA majUrapakSane soMpI. mananI mirAta 87 janma : 14 mArca, 1839, ulma vurTenabarga, jarmanI avasAna : 18 eprila, 19papa, prinTana, nyujarsa, amerikA 86 mananI mirAta

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| vinsTana carcilane AnAthI UMDo AghAta lAgyo. potAnI AvI avagaNanA sahana thaI zakI nahIM. vaLI vizvamAM yuddhavIra tarIke sanmAna pAmatA A rAjanItijJa sattA parathI pheMkAI gayA pachI potAnI thatI avagaNanAthI khUba akaLAI gayA. sattA jAya, pachI koNa emanI paravA kare ? emane mATe AvI upekSA dhIre dhIre asahya banatI jatI hatI, paraMtu A samaye emaNe potAne priya evI kalAomAM jIva parovI dIdho. vinsTana carcila ucca kakSAnA sAhityakAra ane citrakAra hatA, AthI potAnA mananI akaLAmaNa dUra karavA mATe citro doravA lAgyA. enI sAthosAtha lekhanakArya paNa zarU karyuM ane 'dha sekanDa varlDa vaoNra' nAme AtmakathAtmaka yuddhasaMsmaraNo lakhyAM. emanA sarjanoe vinsTana carcilane saphaLa sAhityakAra sAbita karyA ane mukhyatve A lekhanane mATe emane 1953mAM sAhitya mATeno nobela puraskAra maLyo. paraMtu sauthI vadhu to potAnA manane bIjA kAmamAM parovI daIne vinsTana carcile avagaNanAnA bojane sAva ogALI dIdho. potAnuM khamIra jALavI rAkhyuM. banyuM paNa evuM ke 194pamAM parAjaya pAmelo vinsTana carcilano rUDhicusta pakSa 1951nI cUMTaNImAM pharI vakhata vijayI banyo ane pharI vinsTana carcilanI AgevAnI heThaLa iMglenDanA pradhAnamaMDaLanI racanA thaI. phrenca vizvakozakAra, navalakathAkAra, nATyamImAMsaka ane tattvajJa denisa dIderAne pustakanI maLavA mATe eka yuvaka Avyo. eNe potAno paricaya ApatAM kahyuM ke e eka arpaNapatrikA navodita lekhaka che. eNe eka pustaka lakhyuM che ane enI icchA e che ke pustakanuM prakAzana thAya, te pUrve enI hastaprata para dainisa dIdero najara nAkhI jAya. denisa dIdaroe ene pustakanI hastaprata mukI javA kahyuM ane pachIne divase AvIne laI javAnuM kahyuM. eka divasamAM teo A hastaprata vAMcI nAkhaze. bIje divase navodita lekhaka denisa dIderI pAse gayo, tyAre dIderoe ene kahyuM ke teo AkhI hastaprata vAMcI gayA che. ane emAM eNe potAnI AkarI TIkA karI che, tenAthI prasanna thayA che. yuvAna to mAnato hato ke denisa dIdaro potAne vizenI tIvra AlocanAthI atyaMta gusse thaze, ene badale emaNe to prasannatA pragaTa karI ane jarA haLavethI pUchyuM paNa kharuM ke mArI AvI kaDaka TIkA karavAthI tane zo lAbha thaze ? yuvake rahasya pragaTa karatAM kahyuM, "ghaNI vyakti tamArI virATa pratibhAthI akaLAIne tamAro atyaMta dveSa kare che. emane mananI mirAte 89 janma : 30 navembara, 1874, oNksapharDagnAI, iMglenDa avasAna : 24 jAnyuArI, 1965, hAiDa pArka, iMglenDa 88 mananI mirAta

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khabara paDe ke AmAM meM ApanI TIkA karI che, to teo mane A pustakano prakAzanakharca Ape." dIdaroe hasatAM hasatAM ene potAnA eka prakhara virodhInuM nAma ApyuM ane kahyuM, "tuM ene maLI Ava. e mArAthI behada nArAja che. A pustaka tuM ene arpaNa karIza, to e khuza thaIne UlaTabhera sArI evI rakama Apaze." navodita vicAramAM paDyo. eNe kahyuM, "mane AvI arpaNa-patrikA lakhatAM kyAM AvaDe che ?" dIderIe javAba Apyo, "enI saheje ciMtA karIza nahIM, huM ja tane lakhI ApuM chuM." ane Ama kahIne denisa dIdaroe potAnA prakhara virodhInA guNone darzAvatI sarasa majAnI arpaNa-patrikA lakhI ApI. mAtra soLa varSanI vaye "dha propheTa' jevuM yazasvI pustaka sarjanAra khalila citraSTimAM jibrAne zarUAtanAM varSomAM potAnA vatanamAM mAtA-pitA pAse ghera rahIne ramamANa . zikSaNa lIdhuM. cAra varSanA jibrAne eka vAra gharanI bahAranA bagIcAmAM eka khADo khodyo ane emAM kAgaLanA TukaDA nAkhyA. e pachI enA para dhULa ane khAtara nAkhyAM. e roja rAha joIne besato ke kAgaLanA e TukaDAomAMthI choDa kyAre Ugaze ? e kalpanA karato ke e choDa para keTalAya moTA moTA kAgaLo laTakatA haze ane e laTakatA kAgaLo toDIne enA para e sarasa majAnAM citro doraze. A samaye ene iTAlInA vizvaprasiddha citrakAra liyonA da vincInAM citronuM eka pustaka maLyuM ane bALaka khalila jibrAna e citrasRSTimAM DUbI gayo. pratyeka pRSTha paranAM citro khuba rasapUrvaka joto rahyo. liyonArDo da vincInuM A pustaka khalila jibrAnane prANathI paNa vahAluM thaI gayuM. saheja samaya maLe to e jovA lAgato. ane badhuM bhUlIne e citrasRSTimAM ramamANa banI jato. A joIne eka vAra enA pitA paNa akaLAyA ane janma : 5 oNkTobara, 1313, lacera, phrAnsa avasAna : 11 julAI, 1784, perisa, phrAnsa 90 mananI mirAta mananI mirAta 91

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emaNe bALaka khalila jibrAnane kahyuM, "A te tArI kevI vicitra Teva che ! A pustakane saheje reDhuM mUkato nathI ? Akho divasa Ama eka ne eka citro zuM joyA kare che ?" khalila jibrAnanA pitAnuM nAma hatuM khalila jubrAna. pitAno Avo Thapako sAMbhaLatAM khalila jibrAna raDI UThyo. enA pitAne Azcarya thayuM ke A bALakane thayuM zuM ? saheja Thapako Apyo ane ATaluM badhuM mAThuM lAgyuM ! emaNe ene pAse bolAvyo ane kahyuM, beya, mArI salAha tArA bhalA khAtara che. tAre e samajavI joIe." bALaka khalila jibrAne kahyuM, "pitAjI, huM kyAM ahIMno chuM ke tamArI vAta samajI zakuM ? huM to liyonArDo da vincInA jamAnAno bALapaNathI citrakalAmAM UMDo rasa dharAvanAra khalila jibrAnanAM citronuM ekavIsamA varSe amerikAnA bosTana zaheramAM pradarzana yojAyuM ane enI navatara zailIe citrajagatanA tajjJonuM dhyAna kheMcyuM. pacIsamA varSe pharI citrakalAnA abhyAsa mATe prerita gayA. be vAra emanAM citra pradarzano paNa yojAyAM. zabda ane citranA mAdhyama dvArA satya ane sauMdaryane pragaTa karatA emanA pustaka "dha propheTa' mATe khalila jibrAne bAra jeTalA maulika zailIvALAM citro taiyAra karyA. emanAM ciMtanAtmaka lakhANonI sAthosAtha emanAM citronI zailIe khalila jibrAnane kalAjagatamAM zAzvata sthAna apAvyuM. raziyAnA vikhyAta navalikAkAra enTana cekhovane maLavA mATe traNa strIo potAnI AvI. A strIoe vicAryuM ke AvA mahAna sarjakane maLIe chIe to emanI bhASA. sAthe sAmAnya vAta na thAya, AthI traNee koI gaMbhIra prazna vize emanI sAthe vArtAlApa karavAnuM nakkI karyuM. e samaye grIsa ane turkastAna vacce yuddha cAlatuM hatuM. eka mahilAe A gaMbhIra praznane prastuta karatAM kahyuM, "grIsa ane turkastAnanA yuddhanI bAbatamAM ApanuM zuM maMtavya eNnTana caeNkhove kahyuM, "mArI dhAraNA mujaba A yuddhano aMta zAMtimAM Avaze." bIjI mahilAe prazna karyo, "A yuddhamAM konI jIta thAya tevuM tamane lAge che ? grIsanI thaze ke turkastAnanI ?" aMnTana cekhove kahyuM, "mArI dhAraNA pramANe to je vadhu zaktizALI haze, te vijayI banaze." trIjI strIe prazna karyo, "tamArI dRSTie koNa vadhu janma : 9 jAnyuArI, 1883, oTomana, sIriyA avasAna : 10 eprila, 1931, nyUyaoNrka siTI, amerikA 92 mananI mirAta mananI mirAta 93

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zaktizALI che ?" caeNkhove kahyuM, "e ja sahuthI zaktizALI che, je puruSArthI ane zikSita che." traNe mahilAoe ekasAthe kahyuM, "grIsa ane turkastAnamAMthI tamane koNa vadhu pasaMda che ?" eNnTana cekhove hasatAM hasatAM kahyuM, "mane to amuka prakArano khI vadhu bhAve che. tamane kaI caTaNI vadhu pasaMda che ?" ane AkhIya carcA yuddhanA badale khIrA para AvIne aTakI gaI. e pachInA vArtAlApamAM e mahilAoe ghaNI haLavAzano anubhava karyo. e strIo gaI tyAre enTana cekhove manomana kahyuM, "mANase potAnI bhASA bolavI joIe." prasiddha nibaMdhakAra viliyama haMjhaliTane jIvanamAM pArAvAra muzkelIo zraddhA ane AvI. garIbI ane hatAzAnA boja heThaLa jIvavuM paDyuM. uttama sarjanakArya AzA . karanAra A lekhakane mAthe devuM eTaluM badhuM vadhI gayuM ke ene kArAvAsa bhogavavo paDyo. sArA vokara nAmanI yuvatIne e cAhato hato. enI sAthe lagna karavA mATe viliyama haMjhaliTe potAnI prathama patnIne chUTAcheDA ApyA, paraMtu e pachI ene khyAla Avyo ke sArA vokara to enI sAthe premanuM nATaka karatI hatI, paraNavA cAhatI nahotI. viliyama haMjhaliTe chavvIsa varSanI vaye sAhityasarjanano prAraMbha karyo. bAvana varSanI vaye e avasAna pAmyo. 25 varSanA sarjanakALamAM eNe ghaNuM mahattvanuM sAhityika pradAna karyuM, kiMtu ene yogya pratiSThA sAMpaDI nahIM. jhona kiTsanI kavitAnI vivecako avagaNanA ane AkarI TIkA karatA hatA, tyAre haMjhaliTe enI pratibhA pArakhIne enI kavitAne yogya sthAna ApyuM. potAne yogya sAhityika sanmAna maLatuM na hatuM. tema chatAM eNe bIjAne ucita sanmAna ApavAmAM kadI pAchI pAnI karI nahIM. jIvanamAM ane sAhityakSetre jUnma : 29 jAnyuArI 1890, tAgavoga, raziyA avasAna : 15 julAI 1904, bADenavalara, jarmanI 94 mananI mirAta mananI mirAta 95

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aneka kaTu anubhavo thavA chatAM haeNliTe mananI prasannatAne jALavI rAkhI. enA vidheyAtmaka abhigamane para jIvananA duHkhada anubhavo prabhAvita na kare teno khyAla rAkhyo. haeNjhaliTe enA dasa varSanA putrane eka patramAM A pramANe salAha ApI, "sArI vAta e che ke 'haMmezAM zreSTha ja thaze' evI AzA rAkhavI. aniSTonI koI kalpanA karavI nahIM. koI paNa vyakti tarapha pUrvagrahathI jovuM nahIM, kAraNa ke ApaNe emanI sAcI paristhitithI vAkepha hotA ke nathI. kadI koIno tiraskAra karavo nahIM ke IrSyA karavI nahIM. dareka vyaktine sArI gaNavI." AthI potAnA jIvananI AsapAsa vedanAno dAvAnaLa saLagato hovA chatAM viliyama haeNjhaliTe hRdayanI zItaLatA ane jIvananA zubhamAM zraddhA jALavI rAkhI. 96 janma : 10 eprila, 1778, meiDasTona, kenTa, iMglaeNnDa avasAna : 18 sapTembara, 1830, soho, laMDana, iMglaeNnDa mananI mirAta batrIsa varSanA alpa AyuSyamAM abhUtapUrva vijayo hAMsala karanAra grIsanA samrATa sikaMdara (I. sa. pUrve 356thI I. sa. pUrve 323)nA pitA rAjA philipa mesiDoniyAnA rAjavI hatA. rAjA philipanuM khUna thatAM sikaMdara(elekajhAMDara dha greTa)ne rAjagAdI soMpavAmAM AvI. bAlyAvasthAthI ja sikaMdarane vizvavijayanAM svapno jovAnI Adata hatI. e samaye grIsanA prasiddha dArzanika eNrisToTala pAse sikaMdare grIka sAhitya, vijJAna, homaranAM mahAkAvyo, vIrakathAo vagereno abhyAsa karyo hato. parama kartavya eka vAra guru ane ziSya ghanaghora jaMgalamAMthI pasAra thatA hatA. rastAmAM eka nALuM AvyuM, jemAM pUrane kAraNe pANIno dhasamasato pravAha vaheto hato. nALuM UMDuM hatuM ane guru eNrisToTala e nALAmAM praveza karavA jatA hatA, paraMtu sikaMdare emane aTakAvyA ane pachI to guruziSya baMne vacce nALuM koNa paheluM pAra kare, e vize moTo vivAda jAgyo. sikaMdara to haTha pakaDIne beTho ke nALuM e ja pahelAM pasAra karaze. banne vacce thoDA vivAda pachI eNrisToTalane potAnA ziSyanI vAtano svIkAra karavo paDyo. sikaMdare pahelAM nALuM mananI mirAta 93

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pasAra karyuM ane pachI eNrisToTale. nALuM pasAra karIne sAmI bAjue pahoMcyA pachI pharI baMne vacce carcA jAgI. mahAna ciMtaka eNrisToTale kahyuM, "sikaMdara, huM tAro guru chuM. mAre AgaLa rahevuM joIe, teM AvI haTha zA mATe pakaDI ? mArI AbarU kema ochI karI ?" sikaMdare namratAthI gurune kahyuM, "gurudeva, AvuM bolazo nahIM, ApanI beijjatI huM karuM kharo ? kiMtu nALAmAM pahelAM UtaravuM e mAruM parama kartavya hatuM." eNrisToTale ziSyanI vAta adhavaccethI aTakAvIne pUchavuM, "zA mATe ? evuM zuM hatuM?" samrATa sikaMdare uttara Apyo, "gurudeva, eNrisToTala haze to hajAro sikaMdara pedA thaze, paNa sikaMdara bicAro ekeya eNriskeTala sarjI zakaze nahIM." prajApremI rAjA phreDarikanA praziyA para duzmanoe pracaMDa AkramaNa karyuM. tAMbAnA duzmanono hetu praziyAne parAjaya ApIne potAnuM sAmrAjya sthApavAno hato. rAjA caMdrako phreDari ke A AkramaNano dRDha mukAbalo karavA mATe saghaLI taiyArI karI rAkhI. yuddhane mATe zastro joIe, sAdhana-saraMjAma joIe ane tethI moTuM nANAMbhaMDoLa joIe. vaLI senAmAM je navA sainiko sAmela karyA hoya emane pagAra Apavo paDe ane morace laDavA janArAone saghaLI suvidhA pUrI pADavI joIe. A paristhitimAMthI mArga kADhavA mATe rAjA phreDarike vicAryuM ke prajA pAsethI sonuM maLe to rAjanI ghaNI Arthika muzkelIo TaLI jAya. udArahRdayI rAjA phreDarike DhaMDhero pITAvyo ke, "duzmanono sAmano karavA mATe rAjane suvarNanI jarUra che. tame je suvarNa Apazo, tenA badalAmAM rAjAnA hastAkSara kotarAvelA tAmrapatrano caMdraka pahoMca rUpe ApavAmAM Avaze." praziyAnI prajAe rAjA phreDarikane suvarNa ApyuM ane emaNe ApelA tAmrapatranA billAo lIdhA. banyuM evuM ke praziyAnI strIo A tAmracaMdrako paherIne mananI mirAta 99 janma 20 julAI, I. pU. rUpaka, pellA, rIsa avasAna H 11 jUna, I. pU. 3ra3, bebIlona 98 mananI mirAta

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nagaromAM ghUmavA lAgI. pahelAM deha para suvarNanA alaMkAro zobhatA hatA, tyAM A tAMbAnA patarAnA billA zobhavA lAgyA. eka paradezIe A strIone pUchyuM ke zA mATe tame AvA sAmAnya tAmacaMdrako paherIne pharo cho ? strIoe emane javAba Avyo ke A dareka caMdraka para praziyAnA mahAna rAjA phreDarike emanA hastAkSaramAM lakhyuM che ke ame amArA dezanI sevAmAM suvarNadAna karyuM che. AvA rASTrasevAnA pratIka samA caMdraka paheratAM ame gaurava anubhavIe chIe. AnI sAme ati mUlyavAna suvarNa-alaMkAro to tuccha gaNAya. praziyAnI prajAnI A rASTrabhaktie ene vijaya apAvyo, e pachI A prajAe A billA vaMzaparaMparAgata rIte khUba bhAvathI jALavI rAkhyA. emane mana e suvarNathIya vizeSa mUlyavAna hatA, kAraNa ke e emanI rASTrabhakti ane deza mATenA tyAga, balidAnanI bhAvanAnuM pratIka hatA. amerikAnA svAtaMtryasenAnI ane prathama pramukha jyorja vaoNziMgTana(1732thI samayanI. 1799)nAM dUraMdezIbharyA kAryo ane nirNayone pariNAme emaNe amerikAne kiMmata. AgavI pratiSThA apAvI. rASTrIya hitanI jALavaNI karIne e manI svastha vicArasaraNIe jAherajIvanane eka navI dizA ApI, eTaluM ja nahIM paNa amerikAne Arthika ane rAja kIya rIte majabUta deza banAvyo. briTiza vasAhatavAda sAme yuddha khelavAmAM asAdhAraNa kuneha dAkhavanAra jyorja vaoNziMgTane nAgarika vahIvaTItaMtra paNa kuzaLatApUrvaka calAvyuM. emanA sekreTarI hemilTana atyaMta hoziyAra hovA chatAM saheje niyamita nahotA. e vAraMvAra oNphisamAM moDA AvatA hatA ane tethI samayanA pAbaMda jyorja vozigTanane muzkelI paDatI hatI. pramukha vaoNziMgTane emane samayasara AvavA tAkIda karI, e pachI cetavaNI ApI, Ama chatAM sekreTarI hemilTane emanI aniyamitatA jALavI rAkhI. jyorja vaoNziMgTana akaLAI UThyA ane hemilTanane bolAvIne gussA sAthe Thapako Apyo. janma 24 jAnyuArI, 2, balina, paziyA avasAna : 7 ogasTa, 1386, pAMDema, prakriyA 100 mananI mirAta mananI mirAta 101

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tamArI aniyamitatA aMge tamane vAraMvAra cetavaNI ApI che. have tame niyamita bano to sAruM." hemilTane pAMgaLo bacAva karatAM kahyuM, "zuM karuM ? mAruM ghaDiyALa moDuM paDe che, Ane kAraNe AvavAno samaya sAcavI zakato nathI." jyorja voziMgTane uttara vALyo, "hemilTana, kAM to tame tamAruM ghaDiyALa badalo athavA to mane mArI sekTarI badalavA do. bAkI mArAthI A aniyamitatA sahana nahIM thAya." bIjA ja divasathI hemilTananuM ghaDiyALa niyamita thaI gayuM. sara vinsTana lenArDa spensara carcile vizvayuddha daramiyAna hiTalaranA bhayanI hiMmata sAme aMgreja prajAnuM dezAbhimAna jagADIne enuM khamIra TakAvI rAkhyuM. hArato nahIM bIjA vizvayuddhamAM kaTokaTInA samayamAM briTananuM vaDApradhAnapada grahaNa karI sAthI rAjyone vijaya apAvavAmAM carcile mahattvanI kAmagIrI bajAvI. iMglenDanI herI ane saMDaharTsa kaoNlejamAM zikSaNa prApta karanAra carcila eka samaye 'morniga posTa' akhabAranA yuddhakhabarapatrI hatA, jeo samaya jatAM bIjA vizvayuddhanI kaTokaTI samaye mitrarAjyane vijaya apAvanArA banyA. AvA samartha rAjapuruSa vinsTana carcilanI aMgrejI bhASAnI vAkachaTA ane lekhanazailI paNa anokhI hatI ane 'dha sekanDa varlDa vaoNra' nAmanA emanAM AtmakathAtmaka yuddhasmaraNonAM pustaka mATe carcilane 1953mAM sAhityano nobela puraskAra apAyo hato. sara vinsTana carcila eka vAra potAnI zALAnI mulAkAte gayA. AkhI zALAmAM AnaMdotsava thaI gayo, kAraNa ke eno mananI mirAta 103 janma : 22 phebruArI, 1732, vesTamoralenDa, varjiniyA, amerikA avasAna : 14 Disembara, 179, mAunTa veranona, varjiniyA, amerikA 102 mananI mirAta

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vidyArthI Aje vaizvika pratibhA dharAvanAra banyo hato ane te potAnI zALAnI mulAkAte Avyo hato. AcArya ane zikSako enI sAthe judA judA vargamAM jaI rahyA hatA. carcila eka vargamAM dAkhala thayA eTale zikSake pahelI pATalI para beThelA vidyArthIne Ubho karyo. | vinsTana carcilane AmAM bahu rasa na paDyo. emanI najara to chellI pATalI para beThelA vidyArthI para hatI. sahune Azcarya thayuM. vinsTana carcile chellI pATalI para beThelA vidyArthIne Ubho karyo ane kahyuM, "tuM hiMmata hArato nahIM. eka vAra huM paNa tArI jagAe ja besato hato." potAnA zALAjIvanamAM vinsTana carcila sAva sAmAnya ne ThoTha kahI zakAya tevA vidyArthI hatA, temAMthI samartha rAjanItijJa, sAhityakAra ane citrakAra banyA. vikhyAta aMgrejI navalakathAkAra henrI jemsa emanAM sAhityasarjanothI apAra mitranI lokapriyatA pAmyA hatA. bhAvakonA hRdayamAM emanuM ghaNuM UMcuM sthAna hatuM. teo madada prasiddhinI carama sImA para hatA. kvacit prasiddhi IrSyAnuM kAraNa bane che. pragati karanArAno prasAdI sadA dveSa kare che. henrI jemsanA paDozIne A sarjakanI kIrtine kAraNe satata baLatarA thatI hatI. koI paNa vAta thatI hoya, to temAM e henrI jemsano ullekha karIne AkarI TIkA kare. emAM vaLI jo henrI jemsa sAthe pratyakSa vAta karavA moko maLI jAya to e henrI jemsane utArI pADe. dveSanI AgamAM paDozIno viveka olavAI gayo hato. pariNAme koI ne koI bahAnAM khoLIne e henrI jemsa sAme bAMyo caDAve rAkhato. navalakathAkAra henrI jemsa nispRha bhAve A badhA raMga joto hato. IrSAne kAraNe satata baLI rahelA paDozI para ene manomana dayA AvatI hatI. eka divasa paDozInI patnInuM svAcya ekAeka bagaDyuM. janma : 30 navembara, 1874, oksapheznAI, iMglenDa avasAna : 24 jAnyuArI, 1965, hAiDa pArka, iMglenDa 104 mananI mirAta mananI mirAta 105

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bhAre vedanAthI e cIso pADavA lAgI. eno pati mUMjhAI gayo. kiMkartavyamUDha banI gayo. Ave samaye ene zuM karavuM e sUjhatuM nahotuM. A vipattinA samaye eNe henrI jemsane potAnA gharamAM pravezatA joyA. henrI jemsa emane madada karavA mATe doDatA doDatA gharanI aMdara dAkhala thayA. paDozIthI bolAI gayuM, "are jemsa ! tame ahIMyAM ?" henrI jemsa vaLato savAla karyo, "kema ? huM ahIM na AvI zakuM?" paDozIe gabharATa sAthe kahyuM, "nA, nA; evuM kazuM nathI." henrI jesse kahyuM, "tamArI patnInI vedanAbharI cIso sAMbhaLatAM ja meM DaoNkTarane tarata AvavAnI sucanA ApI dIdhI che. teo hamaNAM AvI pahoMcaze. phikara karazo nahIM. sahu sArAM vAnAM thaze." paDozInI parezAnIno pAra na rahyo. eNe potAnA manano bhAva pragaTa karatAM kahyuM, "mane AzA nahotI ke Apa AvI musIbatanA samayamAM amArI madade Avazo, kAraNa ke huM haMmezAM tamane mArA prakhara duzmana mAnato hato." vAtane adhavacce aTakAvatAM ja henrI jense kahyuM, "paraMtu huM evuM nahoto mAnato, mArA mitra !" zaMsanA samrATa nepoliyana bonApArTI lazkarI vyuharacanA ane utkRSTa mAnapatrano. kAryazaktino paricaya ApIne kArakIrdInA eka pachI eka zikharo sara karyA. phrAMsanA inkAra topakhAnAnA bIjA darajjAnA lephTananTa tarIke lazkarI kArakIrdInI zarUAta karanAra nepoliyana samaya jatAM zaMsano sarva-sattAdhIza banyo. phrAMsanA mukhya duzmana deza sTriyAne parAjita karyuM. Amsa parvata oLaMgIne eNe viyenAmAM praveza karyo. e pachI ijiptamAM kaeNro najIka pirAmIDanA yuddhamAM jIta meLavI. tyArabAda turkastAna sAme paNa yuddhamAM vijaya hAMsala karyo. nepoliyana jevA senAnIne phrAMsanA lokoe sattA soMpI ane nepoliyane kuzaLa vahIvaTakAra tarIke enI kAbeliyata batAvI. 1804nA me mahinAmAM phrenca seneTa ane lokoe teno samrATa tarIke svIkAra karyo. nepoliyananA AvA digvijayone kAraNe agraNI nagarajanoe nepoliyanane mAnapatra ApavA mATe icchA pragaTa karI. moTI saMkhyAmAM nagarajano nepoliyananA mahelanI bahAra AvyA, tyAre nepoliyananA madadanIze samrATane jANa karI ke yUropamAM phrAMsanI ANa pravartAvavA mATe nagarajano ApanuM bhavya bahumAna karavA mAge che. nepoliyane kahyuM, "tame emane mahelanA daravAjethI ja pAchA vALo, mAre emane maLavuM nathI." mananI mirAta 107 janma : 15 eprila, 1843, nyUyaoNrka siTI, amerikA avasAna H 28 phebruArI, 1916, laMDana, iMglaeNnDa 106 mananI mirAta

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madadanIzane lAgyuM ke samrATa zA mATe ATalA badhA kaThora banI gayA ? madadanIzanI manodazA pArakhIne enA khabhe hAtha mUkIne nepoliyane kahyuM, "tamane mArI vAta gamaze nahIM, AghAta paNa lAgaze. thaze ke huM zA mATe mAnapatra ApavA AvelA lokone daravAjethI ja pAcho vALuM chuM. kharuM ne ?" madadanIze kahyuM, "samrATa, ApanA AvAM kaThora vacano huM samajI zakyo nahIM. je prajAnI tame rAtadivasa vAta karo cho, enI pAsethI mAnapatra levAmAM zuM khoTuM che ?" nepoliyane kahyuM, "zAnuM mAnapatra ? yuddhamAM meM vijaya meLavyA, te mArI garaje meLavyA che. phrAMsanI sarahada sAme ke phrAMsanI prabhutA sAme AMkha UThAvanArane pATha bhaNAvavo te mAruM kartavya che, AthI meM mArI garaje yuddha khelyuM che ane vijaya meLavyA che. emAM koI moTuM parAksa karyuM nathI." paraMtu jyAre prajA enA yuddhavijetAne Adara ApavA cAhatI hoya, to ene aTakAvo cho zA mATe ? enuM koNa kAraNa kharuM ?" nepoliyane kahyuM, "enuM kAraNa e ke A mAnapatra ApanArA e mArI siddhine mAnapatra Ape che, mArA puruSArtha ke vIratAne nahIM. Aje vijaya maLyo to te sanmAna karavA Ave che, paraMtu kAle parAjaya maLe to e ja loko mane phAMsInI zULIe caDAvatA acakAze nahIM. duniyA to UgatA sUrajane pUjanArI che ane camatkArane namaskAra karanArI che, AthI tame e sau agraNIone kaho ke mAnapatranI vAta bhUlIne phrAMsanI pragati mATe meM vyakta karelA vicAro emanA AcAramAM mUke. meM ApeluM baMdhAraNa ane nAgarika kAnUnasaMhitAnuM barAbara pAlana kare. e ja mAre mATe sarvottama sanmAnapatra." briTananA pratibhAzALI rAjapuruSa ane sAhityakAra benjAmina DijharAyalIne duHkhanuM jIvananA prAraMbhathI ja AphatonI vaNajhAra anubhavavI paDI. eNe kArakuna tarIkenI smaraNa. potAnI kArakirdIno prAraMbha karyo. zerabajAranA sAmAM bhAre moTI khoTa khAdhI. emAMthI bahAra AvavA mATe vartamAnapatra zarU karyuM, paNa enuM 'riprejhanTeTiva' vartamAnapatra paNa khoTa khAIne baMdha thaI gayuM. niSphaLatAno dora evo to cAlu rahyo ke DijharAyalIne mAthe devAno DuMgara khaDakAI gayo. e cAlu divase bahAra nIkaLI zakato nahIM, kAraNa ke koI leNadAra bhaTakAI paDe to enuM AvI bane. mAtra ravivAre ja e bahAra nIkaLato kAraNa ke e divase korTano mANasa leNadAra para yaMca lAvI zakato nahIM ke ene jelamAM dhakelI daI zakato nahIM. eNe rAjakAraNamAM praveza karyo, paraMtu emAM paNa satata be vakhata enI hAra thaI. Akhare 33 varSe e rUDhicusta pakSanA umedavAra tarIke iMglenDanI Ama-sabhAmAM cUMTAyo, paraMtu duHkha, dAridra ane musIbatono Dagale ne pagale anubhava karanAra mananI mirAta 109 janma 3 15 ogasTa, 1369, ejesIo, korsikA, phAMsa avasAna H 5 me 1821, loMgavuDa, seTa helenA pu. 108 mananI mirAta

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benjAmina DijharAyalInuM Ama-sabhAnuM paheluM pravacana sadaMtara niSphaLa gayuM. pravacanane aMte eNe kahyuM, "Aje huM besI jaIza; paraMtu evo vakhata Avaze ke jyAre tame mane sAMbhaLazo." e pachI DijharAyalI Ama-janatAnI samasyAono UMDo abhyAsa karavA lAgyo. briTananI AmasabhAmAM vAstavika AMkaDAo sAthe enI vidhaka rajuAta karavA lAgyo. eka samaya evo Avyo ke sattAdhArI pakSane DijharAyalInI dalIlono javAba Apavo muzkela banI jato. | DijharAyalI samaya jatAM briTananI Ama-sabhAno virodha pakSano netA thayo. tyArabAda eno pakSa vijetA banatAM e traNa traNa vakhata nANAmaMtrI banyo ane te pachI greTa briTananA vaDApradhAna thayo. potAnA duHkhI divaso DijharAyalI bhUlyo na hato. eNe garIba majUro ane kArIgaronI sthiti sudhAravA kAyadA karyA. mahenatakaza lokonA zoSaNane aTakAvavAno prayAsa karyo. eNe evA keTalAya sudhArA karyA ke jene pariNAme DijharAyalI briTanano kuzaLa rAjanItijJa tarIke jANIto banyo. A DijharAyalIe navalakathAomAM tatkAlIna iMglenDanI rAjakIya ane sAmAjika paristhitinuM Alekhana karyuM. jIvanamAM pArAvAra hADamArIo bhogavanAra DijharAyalInI vargavihIna samAjanI bhAvanA enI kathAomAM pragaTa thaI. deza mATe e svapnadraSTA gaNAyo. raziyAnA vikhyAta sAhityakAromAM ananya sthAna dharAvatA ivAna sargavica hAthanI turganevanI mAtA pAse eka lAkha ane dasa hajAra hekTaranI vizALa jamIna hatI hUMphanuM dAna ane e jamIna para pAMca hajAra jeTalA khetamajUro khetakAma karatA hatA. turganeve khetamajUronuM yAtanAmaya jIvana joyuM ane enA citta para enI evI UMDI asara thaI ke eNe raziyAnA kheDUtajIvana vize navalakathAnI racanA karI. emaNe grAmapradezanAM vividha citro AlekhyAM ane khetamajUronuM nirdaya ane krUra rIte zoSaNa karatA jamInadAronuM vyaMgya ane upahAsabharI vANImAM Alekhana karyuM. eka vAra ivAna turganeva rastA parathI pasAra thatA hatA, tyAre emaNe eka garIba vRddha mAnavIne bhIkha mAgato joyo. enA zarIra para guNapATanAM cIMtharAM laTakatAM hatAM. deha jANe hADapiMjara ! eno cahero kALo paDI gayo hato ane tAvathI tharatharI rahyo hato. A vRddha najIkathI pasAra thatA turganeva AgaLa potAno jUnma : 21 Disembara 1804, laMDana, iMglaeNnDa. avasAna H 19 eprila, 1881, laMDana, IMglenDa 110 mananI mirAta mananI mirAta 111

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hAtha lAMbo karyo ane mAMDa mAMDa nIkaLatA zabdothI bhIkhanI yAcanA karI. karUNAzIla sarjakanA hAtha tarata ja potAnA khissAmAM gayA, paraMtu emane khyAla Avyo ke e pAkITa ane rUmAla badhuM ja bhUlIne bahAra pharavA nIkaLI paDyA che. pelA vRddha bhikhArIno melo, sUko bhaMTha hAthe AjIjI karato hoya tevuM lAgyuM. turganeve e hAthane potAnA hAthamAM laIne bhAvabharyA avAje kahyuM, "bhAI, mATuM na lagADIza. Aje tane ApavA mATe mArI pAse kazuM nathI." garIba DosAnA caherA para teja AvyuM. enA sukA bhaMTha hoTha saLavaLyA ane eNe tUrganevanA hAthanA AMgaLAM vadhu dabAvatAM kahyuM, are bhAI, vasavaso kara nahIM. A hAthanI hUMphanuM dAna ApanArA to koIka ja che. mane ghaNuM moTuM dAna maLI gayuM." vikhyAta bhautikazAstrI ane rasAyaNazAstrI mAikala phereDeno janma khitAbanI atyaMta garIba kuTuMbamAM thayo hato. enI pAse nizALamAM abhyAsa karavA mATe anicchA. pustako nahoto ane phInA paNa sAMsA paDatA hatA. AthI mAtra 14 varSanI uMmare mAikala kaeNreDee eka pustaka-viktA tarIke kAma zarU karyuM. e judAM judAM pustako laIne badhe vecavA jato. vadhu Avaka meLavavA mATe eNe pustakanA bAinDiMganuM kAma paNa zarU karyuM ane A kAmanI sAthosAtha mAikala phereDa pustakonuM vAMcana karavA lAgyo. vAMcavAno evo te zokha ke eNe rasAyaNazAstra paranAM ghaNAM pustako vAMcI nAkhyAM. enA vAcanapremane joIne iMglenDanA rasAyaNazAstrI sara hamphI DevIe potAnA madadanIza tarIke ene sAthe rAkhyo. 21mA varSe eNe sara hamphI DevI sAthe kAmagIrI zarU karI. trIsa varSanI uMmare to mAikala phaMDee vidyuta-moTaranA siddhAMtanI zodha karI ane tenuM prAthamika pratirUpa banAvyuM. be varSa bAda klorina vAyunuM pravAhIkaraNa karanAra e prathama vijJAnI banyo. e pachI to eNe eka pachI eka zodha janma : 9 navembara, 1818, oNyala, raziyA avasAna : 3 sapTembara, 1883, bagIvAla, phrAna 112 mananI mirAta mananI mirAta 113

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karavA mAMDI. vidyuta-cuMbakIya preraNanI ghaTanAne zodhI. sauprathama DAinemo banAvyo. mAikala phereDee evI keTalIka zodha karI ke e ghaTanA 'phaeNreDe asara ' tarIke oLakhAya che, eTaluM ja nahIM paNa vidhutabhArano jaththo eNe zodhyo ane Aje e vidhutabhAranA jaththAne 'phaMDe' tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. A vijJAnIe kalpanA paNa karI nahotI ke enA kAmanI ATalI badhI kadara thaze. eka pachI eka saMzodhano karatI A namra vyaktine enA kAmanI satata ciMtA hatI, abhyAsa ane saMzodhananI ciMtA hatI, dhana ke sanmAnanI koI mAna-khevanA nahotI. briTananI sarakAre mAikala phereDene 'nAITa'no khitAba ApavAnI tatparatA batAvI, paraMtu mAikala kaeNreDee A 'sara'no khitAba meLavavAnI vinayapUrvaka anicchA dAkhavI. namra, nirAbhimAnI ane karmayogI mAikala kaeNreDe mAtra vAcanazokhane kAraNe AgaLa vadhyo ane satata saMzodhanavRttine kAraNe mahAna vijJAnI banyo. amerikAnA mAnavatAvAdI pramukha abrAhama liMkane kAyadAnAM pAThyapustako phI jatI uchInAM laIne abhyAsa zarU karyo ane emAM saphaLatA meLavI, karI 1836 mAM kAyadAnA kSetramAM kAma karavAno paravAno meLavIne saphaLa kAyadAzAstrI tarIkenI kArakirdIno prAraMbha karyo. 1839mAM smigaphIlDa ilinaoNisa nagaranuM pATanagara banatAM temane mATe vakIlAtanI ghaNI UjaLI tako UbhI thaI. kAyadA aMgenI sUjha samaja ane dRSTino vikAsa thayo. vakIla tarIke abrAhama liMkanane jo kesanI satyatAnI khAtarI thatI to temAM emanI pratibhA jhaLakI UThatI hatI. kesa game teTalo aTapaTo ke AMTIghUMTIvALo hoya, to paNa evI kuzaLatAthI rajUAta karatA ane enA samarthanamAM evI sacoTa dalIlo karatA ke mAtra vakIlo ja nahIM, balake nyAyAdhIza paNa Azcaryacakita thaI jatA. jo kesanI satyatA vize emane zaMkA jAya, to sthiti sAva viparIta banI jatI. emanI kuzAgra buddhi kuMThita thaI jatI. mananI mirAta 115 janma 22 sapTembara, 11, jUigrena, basa, ibrena avasAna 4 25 mAMgara, 867, nena koTha, ji. dasekasa, iMglaeNna 114 mananI mirAta

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khoTA kesanI rajUAta karI zaktA nahIM ane emano utsAha bhAMgI jato. eka vAra emanI pAse eka vyakti AvI ane eNe kahyuM ke ApaNe amuka vyakti para chasso DaoNlarano dAvo mAMDavo che. liMkane joyuM ke jenA para dAvo mAMDavAno hato, te pramANika kuTuMba hatuM. AthI emaNe asIlanI vAta zAMtithI sAMbhaLyA pachI kahyuM, tamArA taraphathI dalIlo karIne huM kema jarUra jItI zakuM, paraMtu mane ema lAge che ke ApaNI jIta e eka pramANika kuTuMba para Apatti lAvanArI banaze, AthI AvI jItamAM huM bhAgIdAra banavAnuM pasaMda karato nathI." asIlane Azcarya thayuM. pote phI ApavA taiyAra che, tema chatAM zA mATe liMkana kesa laDavAno inkAra kare che ? liMkane kahyuM, "AvuM kAma mArAthI na thAya. huM tamAro kesa laDI zakuM nahIM, tyAM phIno kyAM savAla che ? huM to tamane salAha ApuM chuM ke tame garIba pramANika kuTuMbane duHkhamAM utAravA karatAM chasso DaoNlara meLavavAno bIjo vadhAre prAmANika upAya zodhI kADho." vakIla liMkane phI jatI karI, paNa kesa lIdho nahIM. lebenonanA vizvaprasiddha arabI kavi khalila jibrAna aMgrejI ane phrenca bhASA jIvanano zIkhyA hovA chatAM potAnI mAtRbhASA arabImAM sarjana karatA hatA. bALapaNamAM artha | citrakaLAno zokha dharAvanAra khalila jibrAna viziSTa zailImAM citro sarjatA rahyA. emanA pustaka 'spiriTa ribelyasa' sAme bairUtanA pAdarIoe pracaMDa virodha karyo. pAdarIone A kRti vidroha jagAvanArI ane yuvAmAnasane bahekAvanArI lAgI. pariNAme khalila jibrAnane romana kaeNthalika saMpradAyamAMthI baratarapha karavAnI sajA tathA dezanikAlanI sajA pharamAvavAmAM AvI. AvI paristhitithI khalila jibrAna saheje vicalita thayA nahIM ane emanA vicAromAMthI DagyA nahIM. emaNe to mAnyuM ke du:kha e bIjuM kaMI nathI. emane zakti ApavAno kudaratano prayatna che. zarIranI mULa taMdurastI pAchI ApavA mATe jema tAva Ave che, evI ja duHkhanI mAnasaprakriyA che. lebenonamAMthI dezavaTo bhogavanAra khalila jibrAna amerikAnA bosTana zaheramAM rahetA hatA, tyAre emanI noMdhapothI mananI mirAta 117 janma : 12 phebruArI, 1809, hADana kAunTI, kendra kI, amerikA avasAna : 15 eprila, 1865, vozigTana DI.sI., amerikA 1 16 mananI mirAta,

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rAkhanAra yuvatI emane maLavA AvI. e divasomAM khalila jibrAne dasa-bAra mitro sAthe maLIne bosTanamAM sAhityamaMDaLI sthApI hatI. A maMDaLI emanA citrakalAnA 'huDiyo'mAM maLatI. e yuvatI jibrAnane maLavA gaI, tyAre jibrAna koI kAvyaracanA mATe maMthana karatA hoya tema gharamAM Amatema laTAra mAratA hatA. AvI rIte laTAra mAratI vakhate jibrAne emane eka kavitA lakhAvI, jenuM nAma che "aMdha kavi'. mAtRbhASAnA cAhaka jibrAnane A kavitA eNrebikamAM skuratI hatI pachI teo enuM bhASAMtara karIne ApatA hatA. jANe koI amaravANI pragaTatI hoya e rIte jibrAne lakhAvyuM, jyAre tame bIjA pAsethI kaMI ja icchatA nathI ane jyAre bIjo tamArI pAsethI kaMI ja icchato nathI, tyAre ane mAtra tyAre ja tame eka vastunA sarakhA bhAgIdAra banI raho cho ane te vastu che jIvana." ATha ATha varSa sudhI svAtaMtra saMgrAma khelIne jyorja voziMgTane pharajanuM. amerikAne iMglenDanA AdhipatyamAMthI AjhAdI apAvI. vetana A samaye emaNe prajAne vacana ApyuM hatuM ke huM senApatipada dhAraNa karIne vetana rUpe eka pAI paNa nahIM lauM, AthI jyAre senApatipadethI nivRtta thavA mATe emaNe rAjInAmuM ApyuM tyAre lazkarane mATe pote karelA kharcano pAI pAIno hisAba Apyo ane sahunI rajA laIne rASTrapitAnuM birUda pAmelA vaoNziMgTana potAnA vatanamAM pAchA pharyA. A samaye pensilveniyAnI koMgrese jyorja voziMgTanane AgrahabharI vinaMtI paNa karI ke ATha ATha varSa tame svAtaMtrasaMgrAmamAM ApyAM che ane gharakharca tarIke eka pAI paNa lIdhI nathI, to amArI thoDI rakama svIkAro. paraMtu jyorja vaoNziMgTane kahyuM ke meM dezane khAtara mArI pharaja bajAvavA mATe A karyuM che. pharajanuM vetana na hoya. samagra dezamAM sanmAna pAmelo vaoNziMgTana potAnA vatanamAM pAcho pharyo ane sAmAnya kheDUtanI mAphaka khetIvADInuM kAma mananI mirAta 119 janma : 6, jAnyuArI, 1883, basI, lebanona avasAna : 10 eprila, 1931, nyUyorka siTI, amerikA 118 mananI mirAta

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karavA lAgyA. AjhAdI mATe jema eNe avirata puruSArtha karyo hato e ja rIte eNe khetInI Upaja vadhAravA athAga parizrama zarU karyo. keTalIya nAnI-moTI yojanAo eNe manamAM vicArI. emAMnI eka yojanA evI hatI ke jemAM penTomensAka ane jemsa nAmanI be nadIone joDI daIne jaLamArge sastI kiMmate vepAranI yojanA karI. varjiniyAnI pArlamenTe e maMjUra rAkhI ane be kaMpanIoe kAmanI javAbadArI svIkArI. baMnee jyorja vaoNziMgTanane enA niyAmaka tarIke nImyA. yojanA saphaLa thaI eTale baMne kaMpanIoe jyorja vaoNziMgTanane bheTa rUpe ghaNI moTI 2kama mokalI. nispRhI jyorja vaoNziMgTane e tamAma 2kama zaikSaNika yojanAonA vikAsa phaMDamAM ApI dIdhI. 120 divu : 22 phebruArI, 1732, vaeNsTamoralaeNnDa kAunTI, varjiniyA, amerikA avasAna - 14 Disembara, 1799, mAunTa varnAna, varjiniyA, amerikA mananI mirAta audyogika krAMtinA praNetA ane vizvakhyAta moTara utpAdaka temaja eNsemblI azakyano lAinano siddhAMta ApIne reDiyo, inkAra Telivijhana, ghaDiyALo, rephrijareTaronuM jaththAbaMdha dhoraNe utpAdana karavAno upAya batAvanAra henrI phorDe paMdara varSanI vaye mazInisTanA madadanIza tarIke kAma zarU karyuM te pachI DeTroiTanI eDisana kaMpanImAM mukhya ijanera banyA. pramANamAM bahu ochuM vyAvahArika zikSaNa dharAvatA hatA. cAlIsa varSa sudhI emane koI Arthika saphaLatA maLI nahIM. henrI phorDa jagatabharamAM phorDa kArane mATe vikhyAta banyA ane enAM judAM judAM maoNDala banAvyAM. mAMDala 'TI' ane maoNDala 'Ara' banAvyA pachI emaNe mAMDala 'vI-8' banAvavAno vicAra karyo, tyAre ijanerI vidyAnA niSNAta evA emanA madadanIzoe kahyuM ke AvuM enjina Arthika rIte khUba moMghuM banaze ane ethI A sAhasa karavA jevuM nathI. chatAM phorDe A maoNDala banAvavAno Agraha rAkhyo. enA madadanIzoe dila reDyA vinA A maoNDala banAvavA mATe kAma karyuM ane pharI jAhera karyuM ke AvuM maoNDala banAvavuM mananI mirAta 121

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saheje ya zakya nathI. phorDa AnI pAchaLa vadhu samaya ane saMpatti ApyA e pachI paNa punaH sahue jAhera karyuM ke AvuM maoNDala banAvavuM azakya henrI phorDa potAnA nizcayamAM makkama rahyA. enA zabda kozamAM 'azakya' zabda nahoto. eNe pote sAthIone kahyuM ke game te thAya, mAre mATe A enjina banAvo. aMte lAMbI mathAmaNa ane phorDanA avirata puruSArthane kAraNe A agharuM kArya zakya banyuM ane henrI phorDanI moTara 'vI-eiTa' jagatamAM jANItI banI. cInanA sauthI prAcIna tAo dharmanA sthApaka, namra ane nirAbhimAnI lAotsa satyanI svabhAve aMtarmukha hatA ane potAno moTA bhAgano samaya dhyAna-ciMtanamAM gALatA zodha hatA. teo zabdanA sAdhaka nahotA, paraMtu anubhUtinA ArAdhaka hatA. jevo emano upadeza hato, evuM ja emanuM AcaraNa hatuM. AvA lAotsae vRddhAvasthA AvatAM kyAMka dUra cAlyA jaIne ajJAtavAsa sevavAno vicAra karyo. emanA A nirNaya sahune stabdha karI dIdhA. AvA ciMtaka ane dharmapuraSa ajJAtavAsamAM cAlyA jAya te yogya nahIM ema ghaNAne lAgyuM ane tethI emane emanA nirNaya para pheravicAra karavA vinaMtI karI. teo prasthAna karavAnI taiyArI karavA lAgyA. A joIne samrATe kahyuM, "tame je satya prApta karyuM che, e amane kahetA jAva, pachI ahIMthI prasthAna karajo." lAotsae kahyuM, "meM je kaMI meLavyuM che ane huM je kaMI anubhava pAmyo chuM, te batAvavA mATe huM asamartha chuM." janma 3 30 julAI, 1833, grInaphilDa, mizigana, amerikA avasAna : 7 eprila, 1947, reralena, keraborna, mizigana, amerikA 122 mananI mirAta mananI mirAta 123

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samrATane ema lAgyuM ke lAotsa emanI vAtane TALe che. emanA ghaNA Agraha chatAM lAotsae koI pratyuttara ApyA vinA prasthAna AdaryuM. AthI samrATe dezanA sImArakSakone sUcanA ApI ke lAotye Ave to emane sImA pAra karavA devA nahIM, eTaluM ja nahIM paNa emanI dharapakaDa karIne emanI pAsethI emanA anubhavo lakhAvavA. anuzruti pramANe lAotsae bheMsa para besIne prayANa karyuM, paNa sarahada pAra karavA jatAM amaladAre emane rokyA ane ja kAta tarIke emane pustaka lakhI ApavA jaNAvyuM. temaNe tAo ane tenI zaktine samajAvatuM pustaka be bhAgamAM lakhI ApyuM paraMtu e pustakanuM paheluM vAkya hatuM. 'satya kyAreya kahI zakAtuM nathI'. samrATane A ghaTanAnI khabara paDI, tyAre ene paNa khyAla Avyo ke satyanI zodha e koI AsAna kAma nathI. mahAna tattvajJAnI saoNkreTisa potAno moTAbhAgano samaya eNthensanI zerIo saphaLatAnI ane bajAramAM pasAra karato hato. rastAmAM ene je koI maLe, enI sAthe e potAnI sIDI , lAkSaNika Dhabe carcA karato hato. koI zALA ke mahAzALAne badale nagaranI zerIo ane bajAro ja enI kAryazALA banI rahyA. enA vyaktitva ane vicArothI ghaNA yuvAno saoNkreTisa tarapha AkarSAyA hatA. eka yuvAne saoNkreTisane pUchyuM, "jIvanamAM saphaLatA kaI rIte maLe enuM rahasya jANavuM che." saoNkreTise e yuvAnane pachInA divase nadIkinAre maLavA AvavAnuM kahyuM. baMne maLyA ane saoNkreTise yuvakane kahyuM, "tame nadInA UMDA pANImAM Utaro ane huM aTakAvuM nahIM, tyAM sudhI nadInA pANImAM AgaLa vadhatA rahejo." nadInuM pANI yuvakanA gaLA sudhI AvyuM ke tarata ja saoNkreTise yuvAnanuM mAthuM pakaDIne ene pANImAM DubADI dIdhuM. yuvAne saoNkreTisanA hAthanI pakaDamAMthI chUTavA mATe ghaNI mahenata karI, tema chatAM saoNkreTise enA majabUta hAthanI pakaDa saheje DhIlI karI nahIM. mananI mirAta 125 janma : I. pU. 604, henAna, cIna avasAna : I. pU. pa31, cIna 124 mananI mirAta

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pANImAMthI mAthuM bahAra kADhavA mATe yuvaka taraphaDavA lAgyo. aMte saoNkreTise hAthanI pakaDa DhIlI karI. kinAre AvyA tyAre e navayuvAne UMDo zvAsa lIdho ane jIvana bacI gayuM te mATe Izvarano pADa mAnyo. saoNkreTise savAla karyo, "jyAre tame pANInI aMdara hatA, tyAre kaI cIjanI tamAre sauthI vadhAre jarUra hatI ?" zvAsa levA mATe havAnI." saoNkreTise kahyuM, "saphaLatAnuM A ja rahasya che. tame je kaMI hAMsala karavA mAgatA ho, tene mATe tIvra taDapana hovI joIe. AvA prabaLa taDaphaDATathI ja vyakti jIvanamAM saphaLatAnI sIDI para caDI zake che." amerikAmAM AMtaravigraha parAkASThAe pahoMcyo hato. pramukha liMkana mAphInI A abhUtapUrva kaTokaTIno hiMmatabhera sAmano karatA hatA. taka Ave samaye paNa pramukhe potAnA daravAnone sUcanA ApI hatI ke mane maLavA mATe je koI Ave, temAM sauthI pahelAM sAmAnya mANasane praveza Apavo. emAM paNa pramukha pAse koInI jiMdagI bacAvavA mATe arajI laIne AvanAra vyaktine pahelAM dAkhala karavI. Ave samaye lazkarI adhikArIo ke seneTaro maLavA AvyA hoya, to emane thoDI vAra thobhI javA sucanA ApavI ane prathama AvA sAmAnyamAM sAmAnya mANasane praveza Apavo. daravAno pramukhanI sucanAnuM akSarazaH pAlana karatA hatA, paraMtu AnuM pariNAma sAva juduM AvyuM. pramukha pAse Adeza meLavavA AvatA lazkarI senApatio eka paLano paNa vilaMba sahana karI zake tema nahotA. teoe pramukha sAme akaLAIne phariyAda paNa karI. pramukha abrAhama liMkana kaDaka zikSAnA himAyatI nahotA. lazkaramAMthI bhAgI jAya ke lazkaramAM bhUla kare ene lazkarI mananI mirAta 127 janma : I. pU.469, ethensa, grIsa avasAna : I. pR. 399, ethensa, grInA 126 mananI mirAta,

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zista pramANe motanI sajA pharamAvavAmAM AvatI. Ave samaye pramukha liMkana e juvAnone mAphI bakSatA hatA. eka vAra to lazkaranA adhikArIe pramukha abrAhama liMkanane sAvadha karyA ke AvuM karazo to lazkaramAM zistapAlana muzkela banaze. tyAre likane emane potAnA hRdayanI vAta karatAM kahyuM, "juo, A AMtarayuddhamAM rAta-divasa mahenata karavAne lIdhe kyAreka huM thAkI jAuM chuM, paraMtu jo koIne thayelI motanI sajA sAme mane mAphI bakSavAnI taka maLe to mAro saghaLo thAka paLavAramAM UtarI jAya che. A mATe koInA patra para huM eka hastAkSara karuM chuM tyAre kalpanA karuM chuM ke mArA A hastAkSarathI enA kuTuMbamAM keTalI badhI AnaMdanI lAgaNI phelAtI haze ane tethI ja rAtre jyAre sUvA jAuM chuM, tyAre mane mAro divasa dhanya lAge che." amerikana vijJAnI, lekhaka, saMzodhaka, mudraka ane prakAzaka benjAmina niSphaLa phrenkaline aneka kSetromAM mahattvanuM pradAna upAya emaNe havAI yuddha vize AgAhI karI hatI temaja emanA pustaka 'ekasaperimenTsa eNnDa oNkjharvezansa oNna ilekTrisiTI, maMiDa aMTa philADelphiyA ina amerikA' (17pa1)e navA vijJAnano pAyo nAkhyo. AvA benjAmina phrenkalina perisamAM yojAyelI eka sAhitya sabhAmAM gayA. A amerikana nAgarikane phreMca bhASAnuM pUrNa jJAna nahotuM, Ama chatAM, pote sAva ajJAnI siddha na thAya te mATe emaNe eka upAya zodhI kADhyo. emaNe vicAryuM ke emanI sAme birAjamAna phreMca nArI jyAre khuza thaIne tALIo pADe, tyAre emaNe paNa niHsaMkoca rIte tALIo pADIne potAno AnaMda pragaTa karavo. AnAthI sabhAjanone lAgaze ke benjAmina phrenkalina vaktavyane barAbara samajI rahyA che. janma : 12 phebruArI, 1809, kArDana kAunTI, kenDI, amerikA avasAna : 15 eprila, 185, voziMgTana DI.sI., amerikA 128 mananI mirAta mananI mirAte 129

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e sabhAmAM eka phreMca lekhake potAnA pustakanA keTalAka aMza vAMcIne saMbhaLAvyA. phrenkalinanI sAme beThelAM phreMca bAnue emanuM paThana samApta thatAM ja jorajorathI tALIo pADI. phrenkalina paNa pAchA kema paDe ? jANe e strI sAthe tALI-spardhA karatA hoya tema emaNe bamaNA vegathI khurazI parathI kUdI-kUdIne tALIo pADIne potAno ati harSa pragaTa karyo. sabhA samApta thatAM phreMca bAnu pAse jaIne phrenkaline pUchyuM, "tame zA mATe e samaye jora jorathI tALIo pADI hatI." strIe kahyuM, "phreMca lekhake aMte je peregrApha vAMcIne saMbhaLAvyo, te tamArI prazaMsA mATe lakhavAmAM Avyo hato." 130 : 17 jAnyuArI, 1706, baoNsTana, amerikA avasAnaH17, eprila, 1790, philADelphiyA, pensilveniyA, amerikA janma mananI mirAta AlbarTa AinsTAina jarmanInA myunika zaheranI jimneziyama nAmanI jUnI ghareDavALI mAdhyamika zALAmAM abhyAsa karatA hatA. A zALAmAM jarmana paddhatinA magaja tamAruM che zistapAlanano atireka hato. zikSako dhamakAvatA jamAdAra jevA vadhu hatA. ahIM mAdhyamika zALAnA zikSaNa daramiyAna AinsTAinane bhUmitino viSaya gamI gayo. emAM paNa nirUpita AkRti ane tarka vaccenI saMvAditAno niyama khUba pasaMda paDyo. enA eka kAkAe gaNitamAM rasa jagADyo ane bIjA kAkAe vijJAnamAM jijJAsA jagADI. bAra varSanI uMmare gaNita ane vijJAna e be viSayomAM AinsTAine vicAravAnuM zarU karyuM. A viSayanAM vaizvika rahasyo ukelavAnI icchA jAgI. bALaka AinsTAine manamAM saMkalpa karyo ke A dizAmAM ja AgaLa vadhavuM che. e pachI enA jIvanamAM ghaNAM parivartano AvyAM. nizALa choDavI paDI. jarmanI choDavuM paDyuM. sviTjharlenDamAM rahevuM paDyuM. A badalAtI paristhiti AinsTAinanA saMkalpane badalAvI zakI nahIM. mananI mirAta 131

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pharI abhyAsanI taka maLatAM AinsTAina jhurikanI pheDarala poliTekanika ekeDemImAM dAkhala thayA. potAne gamatA evA gaNita ane bhautikazAstramAM grejyueTa thayo. AinsTAinanA jIvananI saphaLatAnuM paheluM rahasya e ke emaNe potAnA citta para aMkuza rAkhIne potAnI vicArazaktino mAtra gamatAM kSetromAM upayoga karyo ane e kSetromAM potAnA udde zo pAra pADavA mATe pUrNa ekAgra rahyA. nobela pAritoSika-vijetA sApekSatA-siddhAMtanA sthApaka evA A mahAna bhautikazAstrI ane gaNitajJa AinsTAine eka vAra ema kahyuM hatuM ke mane e lokone joIne Azcarya thAya che ke jeo potAnA magaja para 'kAbu" rAkhavAmAM asamartha che. vaLI emaNe e paNa kahyuM ke evA lokone joIne huM Azcarya pAmuM chuM ke je o bIjAnA vicAra pramANe cAle che. tamArA dhaDa para AveluM magaja tamAruM che ane enA para tamAro ja adhikAra hovo joIe. vizvayuddhamAM briTanane sapha La AgevAnI pUrI pADanAra rAja puruSa bhIDano. vinsTana carcila mahAmutsaddI ane kuzaLa lekhaka hatA, paraMtu enI sAthosAtha emanI anubhavI pAse vyaktinA manobhAvone pArakhavAnI AgavI sUjha hatI. briTiza vaDApradhAna vinsTana carcila amerikAnA pravAse gayA hatA, tyAre amerikAnI eka skUlamAM bhASaNa ApavA mATe gayA. skUlanI mukhya adhyApikAe vinsTana carcilane AvakAra Apyo. emanI atiprazaMsA karavA lAgyA. vinsTana carcila AvA ADaMbarathI akaLAI UThyA hatA, paraMtu emaNe aNagamo vyakta karavAne badale mauna dhAraNa karavAnuM ucita mAnyuM. e pachI bhASaNane mATe skUlanA vizALa khaMDamAM gayA, pharI mukhya adhyApikA emane vize atizayoktibharI prazaMsAnA udgAro kADhavA lAgyAM. mukhya adhyApikAe carcilane pUchyuM, "misTara carcila, tamArI avarNanIya vastRtva kalAnI vAta zI karavI ? tamArAM vaktavyoe to briTiza prajAmAM utsAha preryo ane ene vizvayuddhamAM vijayI banAvyuM." mananI mirAta 133 janma : 14 mArca, 1879, ulma guTenabarga, jarmanI avasAna : 18 eprila, 1955, prinsaTana, nyUjarsI, amerikA 132 mananI mirAta

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carcile saheja smita karIne uttara ApavAnuM TALyuM. pelI mahilAe prazna karyo, "tamArA dareka bhASaNa samaye haoNla khIcokhIca bharelo hoya che, tyAre tamane kevuM lAge che ? e joIne tamArA manamAM zo vicAra jAge che ?" carcile hasatAM hasatAM kahyuM, "mAtra eka ja vicAra jAge che ke, mAruM rAjanItiviSayaka bhASaNa sAMbhaLavA mATe ATalI moTI bhIDa ekaThI thAya che, to jo mane phAMsI ApavAmAM Ave to keTalI moTI bhIDa thAya." yuropano karmazIla netA, samAjasudhAraka ane kaviprakRti dharAvatA iTAliyana lekhaka dAnIlo do2I iTAlInA gAMdhI tarIke jANItA banyA. gAMdhI. A dohyIe sattAvALAo, sthApita hito ane mAphiyAono virodha karyo. teNe joyuM ke iTAlInA porTiniko vistAramAM kAramI garIbI ane bekArI pravarte che. dohyae A badhA garIbo ane bekArone bhegA karIne kahyuM ke ApaNe haDatAla pADIe, satyAgraha karIe ! pahelAM to Azcarya thayuM ke kAma kare te haDatAla pADe, kArakhAnAno majUra haDatAla pADe, bekAra vaLI haDatAla pADatA haze ? dAnIlo dolvIe kahyuM ke ApaNI haDatALa e judA prakAranI che. ApaNane koI kAma ApatuM nathI, ethI ApaNe jAte koI kAma zodhI laIe ane e rIte satyAgraha karIe to eno prabhAva paDyA vinA nahIM rahe. eNe garIbo ane bekArone bhegA karIne zaheranA rastAnuM mananI mirAta 135 janma : 30, navembara, 1874, vRDasToka, iMglaeNnDa avasAna : 24, jInyuArI, 1965, hAiDa pArka geTa, iMglenDa 134 mananI mirAta

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samArakAma zarU karyuM. A rastAo sudharAInA hatA. sudharAInA adhikArIoe kahyuM ke A rastAo amArI mAlikInA che. ame kaMI tamane kAma para rAkhyA nathI. samArakAma baMdha karIne bAjue haTI jAva. bekAroe kahyuM ke tame amane bolAvyA nathI, paNa ame jAte AvyA chIe. ame bhUkhe marIe chIe. amane kAma Apo. e mATeno amAro A satyAgraha che. sarakAra mUMjhAI. eNe kAma karanArAonI dharapakaDa karI. enI jagAe bIjA kAma karanArAonI TukaDI AvI. A bIjI TukaDInI dharapakaDa thatAM trIjI AvI ane satyAgraha cAlu rahyo. AvuM sArvajanika kAma vagara rajAe karatA hovAthI sarakAra emane jelamAM pUrI rahI che te vAta AkhA dezamAM phelAI gaI. savinaya kAnUnabhaMganI laData cAlu thaI. iTAlImAM gAMdhInirvANa dine sAmUhika anazananI dolvIe apIla karI. dolgI ane tenA sAthIdAronI dharapakaDa thaI. Akhare sarakArane namavuM paDyuM. eNe kabUla karyuM ke rAjya pAse kAma mAgavAno sahune adhikAra che. koI bekAra na rahe te jovAnI rAjyanI javAbadArI che. iTAliyana sarakArane yuropanA gAMdhInA A satyAgrahane pariNAme namavuM paDyuM. jagatane sattAdhArIonI AMkho kholavAnuM eka navuM ahiMsaka zastra maLyuM ! 136 janma avasAna - 28 jUna, 1924, sesAnA, iTAlI - 30 Disembara, 1997, TrepeTo, sisilI, iTAlI mananI mirAta vikhyAta aMgreja kavi, nATyakAra, navalakathAkAra ane nibaMdhakAra livara tabIbanI golDasmitha atyaMta Rju svabhAvanA hatA bhAvanA ane sadaiva garIbonA hAmI thavAnI tatparatA dAkhavatA hatA. khristI devaLanA vyavasthApaka pitAne tyAM janmelA golDasmithane gAyana-vAdana ane vArtAkathanamAM UMDo rasa hato. emaNe zikSaka, davAvALAnA sahAyaka, pustakavikretAnA sahayogI, hAsyakalAkAra ane chelle tabIba tarIke kAma karyuM. A udAra ane mAnavatAvAdI sarjake 'dhI TrAvelara' ane 'dha DijharTeDa vileja' nAmanI kAvyakRtio, 'dha vikAra oNva vaikaphilDa' nAmanI navalakathA ane dha gUDa-necarDa maeNna' jevI nATyakRti dvArA khyAti meLavI hatI. DaoN. livara golDasmithanI garIbone sahAya karavAnI vRttinI jANa thatAM eka garIba strIe golDasmithane potAnI durdazA varNavato patra lakhyo. e strIe lakhyuM ke mArA pati kazuM khAtA nathI. emanI mananI mirAta 137

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bhUkha marI gaI che. emanuM zarIra kuza thatuM jAya che. Apa DaoNkTara cho, tethI vinaMtI karuM chuM ke emane mATe koI davA mokalazo ke jethI e svastha thAya. joke mArA gharamAM garIbI eTalI che ke davAnA paisA cUkavI zakuM tema nathI, paNa madada karazo to ApanI AbhArI thaIza. ciThThI maLatAM umadA svabhAvanA A sarjaka e garIba strInA ghera gayA. enA patinI zArIrika tapAsa karI. enA gharanI durdazA joI. DaoN. golDasmithane samajAyuM ke e garIba strIno pati rogagrasta to che ja, paraMtu ethIya vadhAre garIbAIthI paNa pIDAya che. DaoN. golDasmithe rajA letAM kahyuM ke huM tamane thoDA samayamAM davA mokalI ApIza, jethI tame punaH Arogya prApta karI zakazo. | DaoN. golDasmitha potAnA nivAsasthAne gayA. e strInI garIbAI joIne emanuM haiyuM valovAI gayuM hatuM. eka nAnI peTI lIdhI ane emAM dasa gInI mUkIne enA para lakhyuM, 'tamane jyAre jarUra lAge tyAre Ano upayoga karajo.' sahu koI amerikAnA nyU yorka zaheranA meyara lA gArDIyA mahAnagaranI prajAmAM apAra lokapriyatA dharAvatA hatA. kuzaLa vahIvaTakAra tarIke emanI khyAti sarvatra gunegAra vistarI rahI hatI, ethIya vizeSa e prajAnA prazno ane paristhitimAM UMDo ane jIvaMta rasa letA hatA. eka vAra teo nyAyAlayamAM jaI pahoMcyA. emane jANavuM hatuM ke nyAyAlayamAM kyA prakAranA gunAo sAme kAma calAvavAmAM Ave che ane evA gunAo thavAnuM mULa kAraNa zuM ? nyAyAlayamAM eka kesa cAlato hato ane emAM eka garIba mAnavIne corInA aparAdha mATe AropInA pAMjarAmAM Ubho rAkhavAmAM Avyo hato. cIMtharehAla mAnavI para thoDI breDa coravAno Aropa hato. dukAnadAranI najara saheja AghIpAchI thaI ke eNe betraNa breDa corI lIdhA, paraMtu e nAsavA jato hato tyAM jhaDapAI gayo. nyAyAdhIze A garIbane kahyuM, "tamArI sAme corI karavAno Aropa che. tame zA mATe corI karI hatI ?" garIba mAnavIe kahyuM, sAheba, mAro Akho parivAra mananI mirAta 139 janma : 10 navembara, 1728, AyarlenDa . avasAna : 4 eprila, 1774, laMDana, iMglaeNnDa 138 mananI mirAta

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bhUkhe TaLavaLato hato. emanI bhUkhanuM duHkha huM joI zakato nahoto. tethI meM gharanAM bhUkhyAM bALakone mATe dukAnadAranI najara cUkavIne be-traNa breDa corI lIdhI hatI." nyAyAdhIze kahyuM, "tame tamAro aparAdha kabUla karo cho ?" "hA, nAmadAra sAheba." gunAnI sajA pharamAvatAM nyAyAdhIze kahyuM, "tamane AvI corI karavA badala dasa DaoNlarano daMDa jAhera karuM chuM." garIbanI AMkhamAMthI AMsu saravA mAMDyAM. nyAyAdhIze gajavAmAM hAtha nAkhIne ene daMDa bharavA mATe dasa DaoNlara ApyA. A joIne meyara lA gArDIyAe sahune kahyuM, "adAlatamAM upasthita evI dareka vyaktine huM aDadho DaoNlarano daMDa karuM chuM, kAraNa ke ApaNe evA samAjamAM rahIe chIe ke jyAM vyaktine majabUrIne kAraNe betraNa breDanI corI karavI paDe che. ApaNe paNa gunegAra gaNAIe. tamAro nagarapati paNa kharo." ATaluM kahI meyara lA gArDIyAe pote aDadho DaoNlara kADhyo. adAlatamAM upasthita sahunI pAsethI rakama lIdhI ane e ekaThI karIne pelA garIba mANasane ApI. yuvAna viliyama osalara ciMtAthI gherAI gayo hato. meDikalanI aMtima ApaNuM parIkSAnI taiyArI karato hato, paraMtu enI sAthosAtha enuM mana satata eka pachI mukhya dhyeya eka ciMtAmAM grasta thaI jatuM hatuM. e vicAratA ke parIkSAmAM anuttIrNa thaIza to mane keTalI ghora hatAzA ane nirAzA thaze ! AvuM banaze to mAre mATe kyAMya Aro-ovAro nahIM rahe ! vaLI nApAsa thayelA mane koNa nokarIe rAkhaze ane nokarI nahIM maLe to mAruM zuM thaze ? zuM mArI atyAra sudhInI tejasvI kArakirdI ane mAro puruSArtha vyartha jaze ? niSphaLatA kadAca jIvaleNa nahIM bane, to paNa jIvana-leNa to banaze ja ! vaLI samAjane kaI rIte bIjAne mAruM moM batAvIza. mArA sAthI vidyArthIo paNa mArI kevI majAka karaze. viliyama osalara AvI aneka ciMtAothI kSubdha banI gayo hato. abhyAsamAM enuM citta ekAgra thatuM na hatuM. potAnA viSayanuM vAMcavAne badale A citAonA vicAramAM vadhu samaya vItato hato. evAmAM potAnA priya lekhaka TaoNmasa kArlAilanA pustakanAM mananI mirAta 141 janma : 11 Disembara 1882, bronekSa, nyUyorka, amerikA avasAna : 20 sapTembara 1947, vaddoneza, nyUyorka, amerikA 140 mananI mirAta

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pAnAM pheravatAM eNe vAkya vAMcyuM, "dUranAM ane anizcita kAryone choDIne najIkanA ane nizcita kAryone hAthamAM levAnuM ApaNuM mukhya dhyeya hovuM joIe." TaoNmasa kArlAilanA A vicAre osalarane prabhAvita karyo. eNe ciMtAno saghaLo boja choDIne abhyAsamAM citta ekAgra karyuM. bhaviSyanI phikarane badale vartamAnanA AcaraNa para vadhu bhAra mUkyo ane pariNAme A osalara vikhyAta DaoNkTara banyo. eNe samaya jatAM vizvaprasiddha 'jhona hopakinsa skUla oNpha meDisinsa 'nI sthApanA karI. potAnA viSayanA adhyApaka tarIke iMglenDamAM eTalI badhI nAmanA meLavI ke iMglenDanA rAjAe enA para rASTranA ucca sanmAnanI navAjeza karI. enA jIvanamAM eNe aneka mahattvanI siddhio meLavI. viliyama osalaranA avasAna bAda 1446 pRSThanA be moTA graMthamAM emanI jIvanakathA pragaTa thaI. jUThanI te kaMI vakIlAta karAtI haze? abrAhama liMkane vakIlano vyavasAya nyAyanI svIkAryo, paNa satya ane nyAyane mArge adaba, cAlIne A vyavasAya karavAno nirdhAra karyo. kesa jItavA mATe kAyadAnI bArIkAIo ke chaTakabArI zodhavAne badale sAcA pakSane nyAya maLe te mATe satata prayAsa karatA. eka vAra kesanI satyatA vize deDha pratIti thAya pachI liMkana evI to sacoTa ane bAhozIbharI rajUAta karatA ke khuda vakIlo ane nyAyAdhIzo paNa emanI dalIlo stabdha banIne sAMbhaLatA. eka vAra adAlatamAM liMkana kesanI rajUAta karatAM ekAeka aTakI gayA. kazuMya bolyA vinA nAsI jatA hoya tema adAlatano khaMDa jhaDapabhera choDI gayA. abrAhama liMkananA AvA vartanathI sahu koI DaghAI gayA. koIne ema lAgyuM ke liMkana para pAgalapana savAra thaI gayuM che. kAyadAnI AMTIghUMTI ukelavA jatAM bAhoza vakIlanA magajamAM AMTIghUMTIo paDI gaI lAge che ! nyAyAdhIze liMkanane bolAvI lAvavA mATe mANasa mokalyo. mananI mirAta 143 janma : 12 julAI, 1849, bonDa heDa, kaeNneDA vesTa avasAna : 29 Disembara 1919, krApharDa, iMglaeNnDa, 142 mananI mirAta

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liMkane AvIne potAnA asabhya vartana mATe nyAyAdhIzanI mAphI mAgI. nyAyAdhIze Ama adhavaccethI adAlata choDI daIne cAlyA javAnuM kAraNa pUchyuM tyAre liMkane kahyuM ke jema jema teo AropIno bacAva karavA lAgyA, tema tema emane khyAla Avyo ke AropI to kharekhara gunegAra che ane pote kesano bacAva karIne juaNuM AcarI rahyA che. ema hatuM to tamAre thobhI javuM joItuM hatuM ane kesa paDato mUkavo hato." are ! jema jema bacAva karato gayo tema tema mane lAgyuM ke mArA hAtha evA lUSita-melA thaI gayA che ke AvA lUSita hAthe huM nyAyanI adAlatamAM Ubho rahI zakuM nahIM, mATe ekAeka cAlyo gayo. majUrone haDatALa pADavA uzkeranAra majUra netA khuda bImAra paDyo. bImArIne zatru-mitra kAraNe eTalI badhI azakti AvI gaI hatI ke e kazuM kAma karI zakato nahIM. samAna. DaoNkTaroe salAha ApI ke ene mATe havApheranI jarUra che. svaccha havA ja ene nIrogI banAvI zake tema che. majUranetA pAse koI mUDI nahotI. nokarI karavI paDe tema hatI. have karavuM zuM ? evAmAM DaoNkTare ja AvIne kahyuM ke tame nokarI parathI rajA meLavI lo. seneToriyamamAM rahevAnA tamArA kharcanI vyavasthA thaI cUkI che. majUranetA saeNneToriyamamAM rahevA gayo. cAreka mahinA rahyo. pUrNa svastha thaIne pAcho Avyo. DaoNkTaroe ene kharca vize bephikara rahevA kahyuM hatuM, paNa majUranetAne jANavAnI icchA thaI ke A cAreka mahinAno eno kharca koNe Apyo ? tapAsa karatAM khabara paDI ke je kArakhAnAmAM eNe haDatALa paDAvI hatI enA mAlika enDru kArnegIe A kharca Apyo hato. majUranetAne apAra Azcarya thayuM. eNe kArakhAnAnA kAmadArone uzkeryA hatA. utpAdana baMdha karAvyuM hatuM. udyogapati mananI mirAta 145 janma : 12 phebruArI, 1809, kArDana kAunTI, kendrakI, amerikA avasAna : 15 eprila, 1835, vaoNzigTana DI.sI., amerikA 144 mananI mirAta

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enDru kArnegIne moTuM Arthika nukasAna thayuM hatuM ane tema chatAM ene zA mATe enDru kArnegIe AvuM jIvatadAna ApyuM ? eNe kArnegIne prazna karyo, tyAre kArnegIe kahyuM, "tame haDatALa pADI te vAta sAcI. paNa mArA jIvanano mudrAlekha ja e che ke bIjAne madada karavI. jo huM bIjAne madada karato houM, dAna Apato houM to emAM mAre zatru ke mitrano bheda rAkhavAno na hoya. tame bImAra hatA e bAbata ja mAre mATe madada karavAnuM pUratuM kAraNa hatuM." phrAnsanA samrATa nepoliyana bonApArTano jagaprasiddha voTarla yuddhamAM e divaso parAjaya thatAM 1815nI 22mI jUne gAdItyAga karyo. cAlyA gayA e pachI amerikA nAsI javAno niSphaLa prayatna karyo. dakSiNa eNTalAnTika mahAsAgaramAM AvelA briTiza Adhipatya heThaLanA senTa helenA TApu para nepoliyanane keda karavAmAM Avyo. nepoliyana bonApArTa eka vahelI savAre pharavA nIkaLyo. hojarInA kensaranA dardathI pIDAtA nepoliyana sAthe eno DaoNkTara paNa hato. baMne eka keDI parathI pasAra thatA hatA, tyAre sAme eka melIghelI strIne mAthe ghAsano bhAro laIne AvatI joI. nepoliyana bonApArTanI sAthe rahelA DaoNkTare tarata ja bUma pADI, "e bAjue haTI jA. nepoliyana bonApArTa AvI rahyA janma : 25, navembara, 183pa, kanpharmalAina, skaoNTalaeNnDa avasAna : 11 oNgasTa, 1919, lenoksa, amerikA nepoliyane DaoNkTarano hAtha pakaDI lIdho ane emane keDInI bAjue laI gayA. Azcaryacakita thayelA DaoNkTare nepoliyanane pUchyuM, "tame kema Ama karo cho ?" 146 mananI mirAta mananI mirAta 147

Page #76
nepoliyanane kahyuM, "have huM kedI chuM, samrATa nathI. tame e vAta bhUlI gayA cho." "paNa tethI zuM ?" nepoliyane kahyuM, "eno artha eTalo ke eka samaye keDI to zuM, paNa huM moTA pahADane paNa haTI javAnuM kaheto to e khasI jatA hatA. paNa A to ghAsano bhAro upADatI garIba strI paNa dUra khasaze nahIM. ApaNe ja bAjue haTI javuM paDe. e divaso to cAlyA gayA." sTezana para rAha joIne UbhelI dhanADhya mahilAe sAdAM vastromAM rastAnI potIkI. bAjue UbhelA mANasane bUma pADIne bolAvyo. kamANI eya paoNrTara ! ahIM Ava, tAruM kAma che." sAdAM vastravALI vyakti e dhanika mahilA pAse AvI eTale e mahilAe tumAkhIbharyA avAje kahyuM, jo rastAnI sAme AvelI hoTalamAM mArA patine A saMdezo ApI Ava ane pAcho AvIne mane saMdezo pahoMcADyAnI jANa karaje. huM tane e mATe thoDA paisA ApIza." pelA paoNrTara e mahilA pAsethI ciThThI lIdhI ane hoTalamAM enA patine jaIne ApI Avyo. mahilAe ene enI majUrInA thoDA paisA ApyA. e laIne e bAjumAM UbhAM rahyAM. evAmAM pleTaphorma para gADI AvI. gADImAMthI UtarelA zaheranA agraNI mahAnubhAvo e "paoNrTara'ne joIne salAma karavA lAgyA ane AdarapUrvaka emanI pAse jaIne vAtacIta karavA lAgyA. pelI mahilAne ati Azcarya thayuM. AvA sAdAM vastravALA janma : 15 ogasTa 139, ejesIo, kosinna, phrAMsa avasAna H 5 1821, seTa helenA pu. 148 mananI mirAta mananI mirAta 149

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paoNrTarane ATaluM badhuM mAna zA mATe ? e mahilAe tapAsa karI to khyAla Avyo ke A to raziyAnA sukhI umarAvomAMnA eka kAunTa liyo TosaeNya che. ucca vicAro ane sAdagIbharyA jIvanamAM mAnatA TaoNlsTaoNyanI pAse e mahilA AvI ane eNe potAnA geravartana mATe mAphI mAgI. mahilAe kahyuM, "mane mApha karo. huM Apane oLakhI zakI nahIM. kRpA karIne meM tamane je thoDA chUTA paisA ApyA hatA, te pAchA Apo. mane mArI jAta pratye khuba zarama Ave che." kAunTa liyo TaoNlsTaoNye kahyuM, "nA, e to mArI kamANInA paisA che. enI mAre mana ghaNI moTI kiMmata che. mane vArasAmAM maLelI aDhaLaka saMpatti karatAMya e vadhu mUlyavAna che. mATe e huM nahi ApuM." nobela pAritoSika vijetA jarmana bhautikazAstrI AlbarTa AinsTAina mAruM kAma sApekSatAnA siddhAMtanA sthApaka tarIke vikhyAta banyA. karIza kuzaLa vAyolinavAdaka, Adarza zikSaka, prakhara gaNitajJa ane utkRSTa saMzodhaka evA AlbarTa AinsTAine emanI sUjha ane samaja dvArA vizvamAM agraNI vijJAnI tarIke vyApaka prasiddhi ane lokapriyatA meLavI. emanI adabhuta zodhone pariNAme vijJAnanI tattvapraNAlImAM mULabhUta parivartana AvyuM. jarmana vijJAnI AlbarTa AinsTAinane maLavA mATe emanA eka mitra emanA barlinanA nivAsasthAne Avyo. baMnee sAthe eka vedhazALA jovAnuM nakkI karyuM ane ene mATeno divasa ane samaya paNa sunizcita karyA. A vedhazALA poTsa Dema pula pAse AvelI hatI eTale e pulanA AgaLanA cheDe maLavAnuM nakkI karyuM. emanA mitra mUMjhavaNa anubhavatA hatA ke teo A barlina zaheramAM navAsavA AvyA che ane kadAca jagA zodhavAmAM vilaMba thaI jAya to A mahAna vijJAnIne rAha jovI paDe. mananI mirAta 151 janma : 9 sapTembara 1828, yAsnAyA poliyAnA, raziyA, avasAna : 20 navembara 1910, Apovo, levaTaoNlsToya, raziyA 150 mananI mirAta

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AvI mahAna vyaktinI e keeka paLa kImatI gaNAya. potAno bhaya vyakta karatAM emaNe kahyuM, "pulanA eka cheDe Apa rAha jozo te barAbara, paraMtu kadAca TharAvelA samaye huM na pahoMcI zake to ?" AlbarTa AinsTAine kahyuM, "to huM tamArI rAha joIza. tame nagaramAM ajANyA cho te huM jANuM chuM." paraMtu mArI rAha jovAmAM tamAro samaya bagaDe tenuM zuM ? mane ApanA samayanI ciMtA che." nA, mAro samaya nahIM bagaDe. huM to kAma karato ja hoIza." mitrane AinsTAinanA javAbathI Azcarya thayuM ane emano uttara e samajI zakyo nahIM. tethI pharI kahyuM. Apane mArI rAha jovI paDe ane pariNAme Apano mUlyavAna samaya saheje veDaphAya, te mane na game." AinsTAine kahyuM, "nA, huM tamArI rAha joIza ane mAruM kAma paNa karIza." mitrae apAra AzcaryathI kahyuM, "kAma zI rIte karazo ?" AinsTAine kahyuM, "mArA abhyAsakhaMDamAM besIne vijJAnanA koyaDA upara huM vicAra karato houM chuM e ja rIte pulane cheDe Ubho rahIne paNa huM e koyaDAo vize vicAra karI zakuM chuM, tethI mAro samaya nahIM bagaDe." karuNAnI peTI. 19mI sadInA mahAna vaijJAnika thomasa AlvA eDisane (I. sa. 1847thI 1931) asAdhAraNa avalokanazakti, tIvra jijJAsA ane bagaDelAM upakaraNone sudhAravAnI kuzaLatAne kAraNe jagatane eka hajArathI vadhu saMzodhanonI bheTa dharI. aharniza saMzodhanamAM DUbelA rahetA thomasa AlvA eDisane vIjaLInA dIvAnI, grAmophonanI ane phleksibala selyuloiDa philmanI tathA praoNjekTaranI zodha karI. A uparAMta AlkalAina saMgrAha ka koSa, lohamAMthI khanijane alaga karavAnI paddhati, TeliphonanuM kArbana TrAnsamiTara vagere zodhothI vizvabharamAM nAmanA meLavI. emaNe dhAryuM hota to potAnAM saMzodhano dvArA aDhaLaka saMpatti meLavI zakyA hota, paraMtu emaNe haMmezAM saMpattine badale sarjakatA tarapha vadhu dhyAna ApyuM ane satata navI navI zodhakhoLomAM racyA-pacyA rahyA. rojanA niyama pramANe thomasa AlvA eDisana eka vizALa medAnamAM pharavA nIkaLyA, tyAre emaNe eka ghAyala pakSIne taraphaDatuM joyuM. A mahAna vijJAnInuM hRdaya karuNAthI UbharAI mananI mirAta 153 janma 14 mArca, 18, udma Tenabarga, jarmanI avasAna : 18 eprila, 19papa, prinTana, nyujarsI, amerikA 15ra mananI mirAta

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gayuM. prayogazALAmAM ja saghaLo samaya vitAvanArA A vaijJAnika pakSInI sAravAra pAchaLa lAgI gayA. emaNe zaheranA kuzaLa DaoNkTara pAse jaIne pakSIne bacAvavA mATenA prayatno karyA ane keTalAka divasanI sAravAra pachI e pakSI haratuMpharatuM thayuM, paraMtu A samayagALA daramiyAna A pakSInA bIjA sAthIo to dakSiNa amerikAnA pradezamAM sthaLAMtara karI gayA hatA. have karavuM zuM ? A pakSI enA sAthIo vinA ekaluMaTUluM jIvaze kema ? A vicAre eDisana vihvaLa banI gayA. dakSiNanA pradezamAM pAnakhara hoya, tyAre A pakSIo ahIM AvatAM hatAM ane vasaMta AvatAM pAchAM dakSiNa amerikA bhaNI sthaLAMtara karatAM hatAM. eDisane eka sarasa peTI banAvI. emAM ghAsanI ane pANInI vyavasthA karI ane pachI dakSiNa amerikAnA eka zaheramAM e peTI mokalI. je kaMpanIne A peTI ApI hatI. ene khAsa tAkIda karI ke tame A zaheramAM jaIne peTI kholIne emAMthI A pakSIne mukta karI dejo. A kAma pUruM thayAno saMdezo paNa mane mokalajo. espesa kaMpanIe A vijJAnInI icchA pUrNa karI. grIsanA prasiddha tattvaciMtaka saoNkreTise enA vicArothI grIsamAM vaicArika dhaMtinuM upayoganuM sarjana karyuM. mahAnagaranI zerIomAM Ubho rahIne e pravacana Apato ane potAnA ja rAkhuM ! vicArothI prajAne avagata karAvato. enA jJAnathI AkarSAIne pleTo jevA keTalAya vidyArthIo emanI pAse AvavA lAgyA. tattvajJAnI saoNkreTisane mahAnagaramAM yojAyelA suMdara ane mUlyavAna pradarzanamAM AvavAnuM nimaMtraNa maLyuM. potAnA priya ziSyo sAthe saoNkreTisa A pradarzanamAM pharyA. ekeeka cIjavastune emaNe UMDA rasathI nihALI. kaI rIte e banAvAya che, zemAMthI banAvAya che ane e banAvavAmAM keTalo samaya Apavo paDe che, e badhuM ja rasapUrvaka jANyuM. suMdara kalAkRti jotAM emaNe kArIgaranI ke kalAkAranI prazaMsA karI. koI kalAkRti mATe potAnA hRdayano AnaMda pragaTa karyo, to koI kalAkRti mATe kalAkArane bolAvIne emaNe abhinaMdana ApyAM. samagra pradarzana joyA bAda Ayojake A tattvaciMtakane pUchyuM, "A pradarzanamAM mukAyelI aneka kalAkRtio ane cIjavastuo Apane pasaMda paDI che. emAMthI Apane sauthI vadhu janma 1 phebruArI, 1843, milAna, kApo, amerikA avasAna : 18 oNkTobara, 1931, vesTa reja, nyUjarsI, amerikA 154 mananI mirAta mananI mirAta 155

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pasaMda paDI hoya evI kRti ame Apane ApavA icchIe chIe." saoNkreTise kahyuM, "ghaNI kalAkRtio suMdara che. enI pAchaLa kalAkAroe jIva reDIne kAma karyuM che. paraMtu mAre koI kalAkRtinI jarUra nathI." najIkanA sAthIoe kahyuM, "are ! tame ATalAM badhAM vakhANa karyAM, to ekAda kalAkRti to svIkAro? yojakonI icchAne to mAnya rAkho." saoNkreTise kahyuM, "zA mATe ? kalAkRti game to jarUra enI prazaMsA karavI joIe, paraMtu kalAkRtinI mAre jarUra na hoya to e levAno artha zo ? mAre to mArA upayoganuM ja rAkhavAnuM hoya, Avo parigraha Ubho karuM to huM jAuM kyAM ? binajarUrI cIjavastuonuM jIvanamAM koI sthAna nathI. ApaNA vaidyo uttama auSadho banAve che, paraMtu eno artha e nahIM ke mAre e badhAM ja auSadho levAM joIe, samajyA ? jenI jarUra na hoya tevI cIjavastuono saMgraha kAM to aDacaNa UbhI kare che athavA to ApattirUpa bane che." janma - i. pU. 469, arthensa, grIsa avasAna OM I. pU. 39, athensa, grIsa 156 mananI mirAta vizvayuddha samaye briTanano dora enA mahAmutsaddI pradhAnamaMtrI vinsTana carcila sisoTIno saMbhALatA hatA. avAja carcilanI nAmanA kaDaka vahIvaTakartA ane majabUta saMkalpa dharAvatA rAjapuruSa tarIke hatI. emano gaMbhIra cahero joIne ja emanI sAme bolavAnI bhAgye ja koI hiMmata karatuM. briTananA vaDApradhAnanA nivAsasthAna 10, DAuniMga sTrITamAMthI nIkaLIne vaDApradhAna carcila potAnA kAryAlayamAM jatA hatA. cokIdAro salAmI sAthe sAvadha UbhA hatA. emanI moTarakAra AvI rahI hatI, evAmAM carcilanI pAsethI eka paMdara varSano yuvAna pasAra thayo. e laherI yuvAna sisoTI vagADato jato hato. carcilane sisoTIno avAja saheje game nahIM. juvAniyAo A rIte sisoTI vagADatA nIkaLe te saheje pasaMda nahIM eTale carcile sattAvAhI avAje kahyuM, "eya ! sisoTI vagADavI baMdha kara.' mananI mirAta 157

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laherI yuvAne kahyuM, "zA mATe baMdha karuM ?" carcile javAba Apyo, "mane sisoTIno avAja pasaMda nathI. kevo karkaza avAja che !" laherI yuvAna mastIthI bolyo, "to tame tamArA kAna baMdha karI do ne ! zuM tame tamArA kAna baMdha nathI karI zakatA ?" A sAMbhaLIne carcilane gusso Avyo. potAnA vibhAganI kacerImAM gayA. manamAM pharI pelA yuvAnanA zabdo yAda AvyA : 'tame tamArA kAna to baMdha karI zako cho ne !' ane mahAmutsadI carcila khaDakhaDATa hasI paDyA. iMglenDanA prasiddha sAhityakAra, vivecaka ane citrakAra jona raskine potAne hIrAnI vArasAmAM maLelI milakatano moTA bhAgano hisso garIbo ane jarUratamaMdone vaheMcI khANa dIdho hato. raskine 'ana Tu dhIsa lAsTa' (1860) nAmanuM pustaka lakhyuM, jeno mahAtmA gAMdhIjIe 'sarvodaya'ne nAme bhAvAnuvAda karyo ane e pustakanI gAMdhIjInI vicAradhArA para prabaLa asara thaI hatI. eka vAra jona raskina potAnA mitra sAthe laMDananI galIomAMthI pasAra thaI rahyo hato. AsapAsa garIbonA jhUMpaDAM ane nAnAM nAnAM kAcAM makAno hatAM. rasto kAdava ane kIcaDathI bharelo hato. raskinano mitra vAraMvAra rUmAlathI moM dAbIne kaheto hato ke "A kAdava-kIcaDa to jo ! kevI durgaMdha Ave che! hAya, tobA !' jaoNna raskina to nirAMte A mArga para cAlato hato. enA parezAna mitrae ene kahyuM, "cAla, koI bIjA sArA rastA para jaIe." tyAre raskine hasIne kahyuM, "are dosta ! AnAthI vadhu sAro rasto bIjo kayo haze ? A to atyaMta kImatI mArga che. mananI mirAta 159 janma : 30 navembara, 1874, elinahAuma, iMglaeNnDa avasAna : 24 jAnyuArI, 196pa, oksapharDa grAIhAiDa pArka, laMDana, iMglaeNnDa 158 mananI mirAta

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jo tuM UMDANathI vicArIza to khyAla Avaze ke ApaNe to hIrA-motI ane jhaverAta patharAyA hoya evA rastA para cAlI rahyA chIe." mitrae kahyuM, "kAM to tuM pAgala thaI gayo che athavA to mArI majAka kare che. ahIM to gaMdakI sivAya bIjuM che zuM ? A kALI mATI keTalI kharAba lAge che." raskine vaLato prazna karyo, "tuM ja kahe ke A kALI mATI che zuM? A e khANanI mATI nathI ke jemAMthI hIrA nIkaLe che. eTale to huM kahuM chuM ke A jagatamAM koI cIjavastune nAcIja mAnavAnI jarUra nathI. jene ApaNe tuccha, beDoLa ke nAcIjha mAnIe chIe, e ghaNI vAra sauthI vadhu upayogI puravAra thAya che. mAtra ene svIkAravAnI ane ene laIne AgaLa vadhavAnuM sAhasa hovuM joIe." janma : 8 phebruArI, 1819, laMDana, iMglenDa avasAna : 20 jAnyuArI, 1900, koinsTana, laMDana, iMglenDa 160 mananI mirAta