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________________ madhyakAlIna rAjasthAnI kAvya ke vikAsa meM kavayitriyoM kA yogadAna - DaoN0 zAntA bhAnAvata rAjasthAnI sAhitya zaurya, zakti aura bhakti kA sAhitya hai| isane pratyeka nara-nArI ko tyAga, balidAna, sAhasa, vIratA evaM dharma kI rakSA kA pATha pddh'aayaa| yahAM ke yugala premI dAmpatyadharma kI pavitratA aura satItva kI rakSA ke liye mara miTe haiN| yahA~ kI nArI puruSa ko kartavyapAlana kI preraNA hI nahIM detI varan avasara Ane para svayaM hAtha meM talavAra bhI uThAtI hai| yuddhakSetra se parAsta hokara pati ke bhAga Ane para vaha use aisI vyaMgyoktiyAM sunAtI haiM ki usake kAyara dila meM bijalI kA vega daur3a par3atA hai| bhaktikSetra meM bhI yahA~ ke sAhitya ne bhakta aura bhagavAna ke madhura sambandhoM ko vANI dI hai to rIti ke kSetra meM kaI navIna kAvyazAstrIya mAnadaNDa sthApita kara apanA viziSTa vyaktitva pratiphalita kiyA hai| rAjasthAna meM sAhityasRjana ke kSetra meM mahilAeM pIche nahIM rhiiN| yahA~ kI viduSI kavayitriyoM kA sAhitya vIra, bhakti aura zRgAra bhAvoM se bharApUrA hai| yahA~ 14 vIM zatI se 19 vIM zatI ke madhya hone vAlI kavayitriyoM kA sAhityika paricaya saMkSepa meM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| adhyayana kI suvidhA ke lie madhyakAlIna vibhinna dhArAoM kI kavayitriyoM kA vargIkaraNa isa prakAra kiyA jA sakatA hai 1. DiMgala kAvyadhArA kI kavayitriyA~ 2. rAmakAvyadhArA kI kavayitriyAM 3. kRSNakAvyadhArA kI kavayitriyA~ 4. nirguNakAvyadhArA kI kavayitriyA~ 5. jainakAvyadhArA kI kavayitriyA~ / 1. Digala kAvyadhArA kI kavayitriyA~ isa dhArA kI kavayitriyoM kI mukhya bhASA DiMgala (rAjasthAnI kI cAraNa zailI) hai| ina kavayitriyoM kA sambandha mukhyata: rAjagharAnoM yA cAraNa parivAroM se rahA hai| inakI kavitAoM meM pramukha rUpa se vIra aura zRgAra rasa kI abhivyaMjanA huI hai| ina kavayitriyoM ne apanI kavitAoM ke mAdhyama se eka ora rAjAoM meM sAhityAnurAga paidA kiyA to dUsarI bhora saMyoga-viyoga meM uThane vAle bhAvoM dvArA nAyaka-nAyikAoM ke hRdaya kI dhar3akana ko pahacAnA / jisa prakAra cAraNa kaviyoM kI lekhanI ne raNabAMkure rAjAnoM ko yuddhabhUmi meM utsAhita kara vIrocita bhAvanAe~ bharI vaise hI ina kavayitriyoM ne ghara baiThe apanI kavitAoM
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________________ madhyakAlIna rAjasthAnI kAvya ke vikAsa meM kavayitriyoM kA yogadAna | 219 dvArA rAjAoM ko apanI vismRta zakti kA jJAna kraayaa| isa dhArA kI pramukha kavayitriyA~ nimnalikhita haiM 1. jhImA cAraNI (racanAkAla saM0 1480 ke AsapAsa) yaha kaccha deza ke aMjAra nagara nivAsI varasar3A zAkhA ke mAlava jI nAmaka cAraNa vyApArI kI kaniSThA putrI thI / eka cAraNa yuvaka ne inakA apamAna kiyA thA taba se inhoMne cAraNa yuvaka se vivAha na karane kI pratijJA lI thii| isI kAraNa inakA vivAha jaisalamera ke taNoTa nivAsI bhATI budha ke sAtha huA thaa| kavayitrI bhImA kI lekhanI meM adbhuta bala chipA thaa| apanI kavitA dvArA preraNA dekara usane gAgaroNa gar3ha ke rAjA acaladAsa khIMcI, jo lAlAde ke prema meM phaMsa gaye the, unheM sadA ke lie apanI patnI umA de sAMkhalI kA banA diyaa| hRdayastha bhAvoM kI mArmika abhivyakti inake padoM meM milatI hai / inakA janma evaM racanAkAla 15 vIM zatAbdI hai / bhASA, bhAva, aura abhivyakti kI dRSTi se DiMgala kAvyadhArA meM bhImA kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| inakI kavitA ke namUne ke rUpa meM do dohe yahA~ diye jAte haiM 1. dhina umAve sAMkhalI, te piva liyo mulAya / sAta barasa ro bIchar3iyo, to kima raina vihAya // 2. page bajAUM ghUgharA, hAtha bajAUM tUMba / UmA acala molAviyo, jyU sAvaNa rI lUba // 2. padmA cAraNI (ra0 kA0 saM0 1597 ke AsapAsa) kavayitrI padmA cAraNI UdAjI sAMdU kI suputrI aura zaMkara bArahaTha kI patnI thii| bIkAnera ke mahArAjA kalyANasiMha ke putra aura rAyasiMha ke anuja amarasiMha kA antaHpura inakA prAvAsa thaa| pitA aura pati kI bhA~ti DiMgala gIta aura kavitta likhane meM ye kuzala thiiN| inakI samasta racanAeM vIrarasa pUrNa haiN| rAjasthAnI bhASA ke suprasiddha alaMkAra vayaNasagAI kA nirvAha inake chandoM meM milatA hai| inakA janma evaM racanAkAla 16 vIM zatAbdI hai| soye amarasiMha ko yuddha kI preraNA dene vAlI inakI kavitA kA namUnA dekhiye bIkahara sIhaghara mAra karato basu, amaMga ara vanda tau sIsa aayaa| lAga gayaNAga bhuja tola khaga laMkAla, jAga ho jAga kaliyANa jAyA / 3. cAmpAde rAnI (ra0 kA0 vi0 saM0 1650) kavayitrI cAmpAde jaisalamera ke mahArAvala hararAja kI putrI aura bIkAnera ke prakhyAta kavi rAThaur3a pRthvIrAja kI patnI thiiN| kAvyasRjana kI preraNA inheM apane pitRgaha se hI milI thii| mahArAvala hararAja ke darabAra meM kaviyoM kA bar3A Adara thaa| vahA~ kAvyakRtiyoM kA nirmANa nirantara calatA rahatA thA / aise sAhityika vAtAvaraNa meM cAmpAde kI kAvya pratibhAko bar3A bala milA / inake aura pRthvIrAja ke kAvyavinoda kI kaI AkhyAyikAeM prasiddha dhammo dIvo | saMsAra samudra meM dharma hI dIpa hai www.jainelibran org
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________________ caturtha khaNDa | 220 haiN| kahA jAtA hai ki eka bAra pRthvIrAja ko darpaNa meM apane sira para eka sapheda bAla dikhAI diyA jise unhoMne ukhAr3a kara pheMka diyaa| inakI isa ceSTA para, pIche khar3I cAmpAde ko ha~sI pA gaI jise pRthvIrAja ne darpaNa meM dekha liyA / isa para unhoMne yaha dohA kahA pIthala dhoLA AviyA, bahulI laggI khodd'| pUre jobana pANI, UbhI mukkha maror3a // - apane pati ko glAni ko miTAne ke lie cAmpAde ne tatkAla hI kucha dohe kahe jinameM se eka yaha hai pyArI kahe pIthaLa suNo, dhoLA disa mata joya / narAM nAharA DigamarAM, pAkAM hI rasa hoya // 4. rAnI rAr3adharI jI (ra0 kA0 saM0 1650) kavayitrI rAdharI jI mAravAr3a ke rAr3adhar3A prAMta ke rANA kI putrI aura sirohI ke rAvajI kI patnI thiiN| rAjA aura rAnI donoM hI kAvyAnurAgI prakRti ke the| isalie unakA adhikAMza samaya kAvyasRjana meM hI vyatIta hotA thaa| chanda aura alaMkAra zAstra kA Apako acchA jJAna thaa| 5. biraja bAI (ra0 kA0 saM0 1800) __kavayitrI birajU bAI kavirAjA karaNIdAna kI dvitIya patnI thiiN| inakA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1800 ke AsapAsa hai| birajU bAI samaya-samaya para kavitAe~ likha kara cAraNa kaviyoM ko de diyA karatI thiiN| kaI kavi unheM apanI batA kara jAgIradAroM se puraskAra pAyA karate the / bhAva aura bhASA kI dRSTi se inakI racanAeM bar3I mahattvapUrNa haiN| 6. harijI rAnI cAvar3I (ra0 kA0 saM0 1875 se pUrva) kavayitrI harijI rAnI kA janma gujarAta ke eka cAvar3A rAjapUta kula meM huA thaa| ye jodhapura ke pratApI rAjA mAnasiMha kI dvitIya rAnI thiiN| inhoMne utkRSTa bhAvapUrNa zRMgArarasa ke gItoM kA sRjana kiyaa| inake likhe khyAla, Tappe aura gIta vividha rAga-rAginiyoM meM milate haiM / lokagIta aura saMgIta para harijI rAnI kA acchA adhikAra thaa| isIliye inake padoM meM geyatA A gaI hai| eka udAharaNa dekhiye begAnI padhAro mhArA AlIjA jI ho| choTI sI nAjuka dhaNa rA pIva / o sAvaNiyo umaMga rahyo jii| harijI ne oDhaNa dikhaNI ro cIra / / iNa osara milaNo kada hosI, lAr3I jI ro thAM para jIva / / isa dhArA kI anya kavayitriyoM meM kAkarecI jI (18 vIM zatI kA madhya kAla) rAva jodhAjI kI sAMkhalI rAnI (19 vIM zatI kA uttarArdha) Adi ke nAma vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN|
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________________ madhyakAlIna rAjasthAnI kAvya ke vikAsa meM kavayitriyoM kA yogadAna / 221 2. rAmakAvyadhArA kI kavayitriyA~ jisa prakAra tulasI ne apane dhArAdhya rAma ke caraNoM meM apanI kAvyAMjali arpita kI jaise hI yahA~ kI kavayitriyoM ne bhI rAma ke caritra ko lekara apanI bhAvAJjali car3hAyI / yahA~ nArI ne sItA ko kendrabindu mAnakara apane hRdayastha bhAvAnurUpa rAmakAvyaviSayaka granthoM kA sRjana kara rAmabhaktibhAvanA ko uttarottara Age bar3hAne meM vizeSa sahayoga pradAna kiyA / rAdhA aura kRSNa ke prati bhaktibhAva darzAne meM bhI ina kavayitriyoM ne udAratA kA paricaya diyaa| isa kAvyadhArA kI pramukha kavayitriyoM nimnalikhita haiM 1. pratApa kuMvarI (ra0 kA0 saM0 1873 se 1943) pratApa kuMbarI kA janma jodhapura ke jAkhaNa gAMva nivAsI bhATI govandadAsa ke para vi0 saM0 1973 meM huA aura nidhana saM0 1943 meM bacapana se hI ye bar3I kuzAgrabuddhi kI thiiN| inakA vivAha jodhapura ke adhipati mAnasiMha jI ke sAtha huA thA inakI pramukha racanAe~ haiM-- jJAnasAgara, jJAnaprakAza, pratApa paccIsI, premasAgara, rAmacandranAmamahimA, rAmaguNasAgara, raghuvarasnehalIlA rAmapremasukhasAgara, raghunAthajI ke kavitta, pratApavinaya harijasavinaya Adi / " kavayitrI kI bhASA sarala, subodha aura sarasa rAjasthAnI hai| chaMda, pralaMkAra tathA rAma rAganiyoM kA acchA jJAna hone ke kAraNa inake padoM meM lAlitya zrA gayA hai / bhAvoM kI gaharAI se bharA pratApa kuMvarI kA eka pada dekhiye siyAvara lAja hAtha hai tere / gaharA samanda bIca hai ber3A, kou sahAya na mere // bAjata pavana kaThora dusaha ati, mana dhIraja na dhare / TUTI nAva purAnI jarajara kevaTa dUra rahe re // 2. tulacharAya (ra0 kA0 saM0 1850 ke AsapAsa) kavayitrI tuladharAya jodhapura ke mahArAjA mAnasiMha jI kI upapatnI thii| inake likhe phuTakara padoM se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki ye rAma kI ananya upAsikA thIM / bhAva, bhASA aura zailI kI dRSTi se rAma kAvya-dhArA kI kavayitriyoM meM tulacharAya kA bhI gauravapUrNa sthAna hai / virahAnubhUti kavayitrI ke padoM kA zrRMgAra hai| ve sivAvara se apane dila kI bAta sunane kA nivedana karatI huI kahatI haiM merI sudha lIjo jI raghunAtha, lAga rahI jiya kete dina kI suno mere dila kI bAta, mo ko dAsI jAna siyAvara rAkho caraNa ke sAtha / gulacharAya kara jora kahe, mero nija kara pakar3o hAtha dhammo dIyo saMsAra samudra meM dharma hI dIpa hai
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________________ caturya khaNDa | 222 3. bAghelI viSNuprasAda kaMvarI (ra0 kA0 saM0 1821 ke AsapAsa) ye rIvAM ke mahArAjA zrI radhunAthasiMha kI putrI aura jodhapura ke mahArAjA zrI jasavaMtasiMha ke choTe bhAI mahArAja zrI kizorasiMha kI rAnI thiiN| inakA vivAha saM. 1521 meM huA thaa| inake likhe avadhavilAsa, kRSNavilAsa, aura rAdhAvilAsa graMtha upalabdha haiM / ye rAmasnehI saMpradAya ke rAmadAsa ke ziSya dayAla kI ziSyA thiiN| inakI bhASA rAjasthAnI hai jisameM brajabhASA kA sA miThAsa hai| 4. ratnakuMvarI (ra0 kA0 saM0 1900 ke AsapAsa) kavayitrI ratnakuMvarI jAravana nivAsI bhATI lakSmaNasiMha jI kI putrI, kavayitrI pratApakuMvarI kI bhatIjI evaM IDara ke mahArAjA pratApasiMha jI kI mahArAnI thii| inake likhe pada zAMta aura zRgArarasa pradhAna haiN| raMgIle rAma ne kavayitrI kA mana moha liyA hai| rAtadina vaha unheM hI smaraNa karatI hai| unhIM kA dhyAna karatI rahatI hai| unake bhaktibhAva se prerita eka pada kA rasAsvAdana kIjiye mero mana moyo raMgIle rAma / usakI chavi nirakhata hI mero visara gayo saba kAma // aSTa pahara mere hirave bica, Ana kiyo nija dhAma / ratana kuvara kahe unako palaka palaka dhyAna karU nita zAma // 5. rUpadevI (20 kA0 saM0 1908 se 1924) kavayitrI rUpadevI zAhapurA nivAsI amarasiMha kI putrI aura alavara ke rAjA vinayasiMha kI rAnI thii| inake likhe tIna graMtha rUpamaMjarI, rAma rAsa, rUpa rukamaNImaMgala milate haiN| chaMdoM kI dRSTi se dohA aura caupAI kA prayoga adhika milatA hai| inakA prakRti-citraNa bhI anUThA hai| anuprAsoM kI sundara chaTA kavayitrI ke pratyeka pada ko sundara banA detI hai, dekhiye-- saba mila rAsa racyo majha rAta / taTa sarajU ko tIra nikaTa ati, sahasa sakhA le sAtha // ghugharU jhanaka jhanakAra sabada suni, cakita bhayo brahma muskaat| saMkara zakti cakita cita Atura nirakhi sarUpa radhunAtha // 6. jAdecI pratApabAlA (ra0 kA0 saM0 1891 se 1974) ye jAmanagara ke jAma zrI riNamala jI kI putrI aura jodhapura ke mahArAjA takhtasiMha kI rAnI thI / inakA janma saM. 1891 va vivAha 1908 meM huaa| rAmasnehI saMpradAya kI anuyAyI hone para bhI kRSNa ke prati bhI samAna Adara bhAva thaa| inhoMne apane adhikAMza pada caturbhuja zyAma ko sambodhita karake likhe haiM vArI thArA mukhar3A rI syAma sujAna / manda manda mukha hAsya virAje koTika kAma sajAna / inakI bhASA meM TheTha rAjasthAnI kA miThAsa hai|
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________________ madhyakAlIna rAjasthAnI kAvya ke vikAsa meM kavayitriyoM kA yogadAna | 223 7. candrakalA bAI (ra0 kA0 saM0 1923 se 1965) candrakalA bAI bUMdI ke rAva gulAbajI ke ghara kI dAsI thii| inakA janma vi0 saM0 1923 meM baMdI meM huA aura dehAvasAna saM0 1965 meM / ye prAzu kavayitrI thiiN| hindI ke 'rasika mitra' aura 'kAvya sudhAkara' Adi tatkAlIna patroM meM ApakI racanAe~ prakAzita hotI thiiN| kavayitrI kI racanAoM se patA calatA hai ki vaha bar3I viduSI hone ke sAtha sAtha chaMda, alaMkAra aura zabdazAstra kI jJAtA thI / inhoMne karuNAzataka, padavIprakAza, rAmacaritra mahotsava-prakAza prAdi aneka kAvyakRtiyoM kI racanA kii| 3. kRSNakAvyadhArA kI kavayitriyA~ hindI aura brajabhASA meM kRSNakAvyadhArA kA AvirbhAva prabala rUpa se puSTimArga ke pravartaka ballabhAcArya ke aSTachApa kI sthApanA ke bAda huaa| kRSNa ke prati jisa vAtsalya, sakhya aura dAsya bhAva kI vyAkhyA ballabhAcArya ne jina vividha rUpoM meM kI, unhIM kA anusaraNa sUradAsa, kummanadAsa, paramAnandadAsa prAdi aSTachApa ke kaviyoM ne kiyaa| kRSNa bhaktidhArA kA sarvAdhika pracAra prasAra sUradAsa ne kiyA thaa| inhoMne vAtsalya se protaprota kRSNa kI manomugdhakArI bAlalIlAmoM kA citraNa karake janamAnasa kA dhyAna naTavara nAgara nandakizora kI ora AkarSita kiyA / rAjasthAnI kavayitriyA~ bhI kRSNakAvyadhArA meM avagAhana kiye binA nahIM raha sakI / ina kAvyadhArA kI pramukha kavayitriyA~ nimnalikhita haiM 1. mIrA mIrA mer3atA ke rAThaur3a ratanasiMha kI putrI aura rAva dUdAjI kI pautrI thiiN| inakA janma saMvat 1563 meM huA / 13 varSa kI Ayu meM mIrA kA vivAha mevAr3a ke suprasiddha rANA sAMgA ke jyeSTha putra kuMvara bhojarAja ke sAtha kara diyA gayA / yauvana kI deharI para paira dharatedharate morA kI jIvanadhArA yakAyaka badala gii| unake pati paraloka cala bse| mIrA apane gArha sthika baMdhana tor3a giradhara kI sevA meM rahane lgii| mIrA ne apane ArAdhya ke caraNoM meM bhAvoM kI jo bhAvAJjali car3hAI usameM bhaktibhAvanAoM kA sahaja spandana hai| na usameM kRtrimatA hai na dikhAvA / mIrA kI bhakti dAmpatyabhAva kI thii| usane kRSNa ko patirUpa meM mAnA aura saMyoga-viyoga kI anubhUti ko vividha padoM meM gaayaa| hindI sAhitya meM kabIra sUra, tulasI Adi bhakta kaviyoM kI bhAMti kavayitrI mIrA kA bhI gauravapUrNa sthAna hai| ina para adhika carcA karanA mAtra piSTapeSaNa hogaa| 2. sor3hI nAthI (ra0 kA0 saM0 1725 ke AsapAsa) sor3hI nAthI amarakoTa ke rANA candrasena kI potI, rANA bhoja kI putrI aura jaisalamera ke padacyuta rAvala rAmacandra ke mahArAjA sundaradAsa kI patnI thiiN| kavayitrI dvArA racita 'bAlacarita' kAvya meM 62 rAjasthAnI dohe aura soraThoM meM kRSNa kI bAlalIlA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| 'kaMsalIlA' 109 dohoM meM likhA gayA kAvya hai| kavayitrI ne kRSNa ke prati hRdaya khola kara apanI bhakti-bhAvanA arpita kI hai| kRSNabhakta kavayitriyoM meM sor3hI nAthI kA viziSTa sthAna hai| apane pArAdhya ke prati aTala vizvAsa prakaTa karatI haI ve kahatI haiM--- dhammo dIvo saMsAra samudra meM dharma hI dIya hai
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________________ caturtha khaNDa | 224 nAthI nihaco mana dharai, mati talaphAve jIva / je harijI hirade base, to bhari bhari hari rasa pIva // 3. brajavAsI rAnI bAMkAvato (ra0 kA0 vi0 saM0 1776 se 1820) mahArANI bAMkAvatI kachavAha rAjA AnandarAya jI kI putrI aura kizanagar3ha ke mahArAjA rAjasiMha kI mahArANI thIM / ArAdhya deva kI bhaktibhAvanA meM sarAbora hokara inhoMne zrImadbhAgavata kA chaMdobaddha rAjasthAnI bhASA meM anuvAda kiyA jo Aja bhI 'brajadAsI bhAgavata' ke nAma se suvikhyAta hai / anuvAda atyadhika sarasa, subodha aura prasAdaguNa yukta hai| kRSNa kA kavayitrI ko iSTa thA aura ye AThoM yAma kRSNa dhyAna meM pagI rahatI thiiN| ve kRSNa kI bArabAra vaMdanA karatI huI kahatI haiM bAra bAra vaMdana karauM, zrI vRSabhAna kuvaarii| jaya jaya zrI gopAla jU, kI kRpA murArI // 4. girirAja kuvarI (ra0 kA0 saM0 1922 se 1980) bharatapura kI rAjamAtA girirAja kuMvarI kA janma vi0 saM0 1902 meM hmaa| kRSNa ke prati bhakti-bhAvanA kA AvirbhAva unake mAnasa meM bAlyAvasthA se thaa| ApakA likhA 'brajarAja vilAsa' kRSNa-bhaktibhAvanA se bharA atIva sarasa graMtha hai| kRSNa-milana hetu unakI AtmA sadaiva Atura rahA karatI thI / sUra kI bhAMti inake aneka padoM meM dainya bhAvanAe~ abhivyakta huI haiM-yathA mo sama kauna adhama jaga maahii| sagarI umara bisayana meM khoI, hari kI sudhi bisraaii| mana bhAyo soI to kIno, jana meM bhaI ha~sAI // kAma krodha mada lobha moha ke, ghere hue sipAhI / ina te mohiM chur3Avo svAmI, girirAja hai saraNAI // 5. brajabhAnakizorI (ra0 kA0 saM0 1885 ke AsapAsa) ye jodhapura ke mahArAjA takhtasiMha ko rAnI thiiN| inhoMne kRSNa kI vividha lIlAoM kA sarasa padoM meM varNana kiyA hai| kucha paMktiyA~ dekhiye dhenu saMga Avata zyAma bihaarii|| aMga raja chAjata chaata nainana meM kaMja chaTI kara dhaarii| nirakhata nanda gvAla saba nirakhata, nirakhata sabai brajanArI // 6. saubhAgyakuvarI (ra0 kA0 saM0 1946 se 2005 taka) jodhapura nareza takhtasiMha kI putrI saubhAgyakuMvarI kA janma saM0 1926 meM hmaa| inakA vivAha bUMdI ke rAjA raghuvIrasiMha ke sAtha hupraa| inakI likhI 'saubhAgya-bihArI-bhajanamAlA' prakAzita huI hai| isameM gurumahimA, kRSNalIlA, viyoga-saMyoga Adi bhAvoM ke pada milate haiN| kavayitrI ke mana meM kRSNa ke prati agAdha bhakti hai| usane naMdalAla ko apane mana meM basA liyA hai
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________________ madhyakAlIna rAjasthAnI kAvya ke vikAsa meM kavayitriyoM kA yogadAna | 225 mhAre mana basiyA nandalAla, vana mAlI mhAne lAgo cho vhAlA / manda manda mukha hAsa virAjata, bAMke nayana visAlA / sundara zyAma salaunI sUrata, zobhita gala vanamAlA / zrI saubhAgya bihArI chavi nirakhata bhaI maiM nihAlA // kahai saubhAgya kavarI kara jore, dIjai darasa dayAlA / 7. bAghelI raNachora kuvarI (ra. kA. saM. 1923 se 1963) ye rIvA ke mahArAja vizvanAtha ke bhAI balabhadrasiMha kI putrI aura jodhapura ke mahArAjA takhtasiMha kI rAnI thiiN| kahA jAtA hai ki inake pitA rAdhAballabha kI mUtti ko yuddha meM jAte samaya sAtha le jAyA karate the, use hI kavayitrI apane sAtha jodhapura lAI thI aura usakI pratiSThA karavA kara eka mandira banavAyA thaa| kRSNa ke prati inakI aTa bhakti thI / eka kavitta dekhiye AbhA to nirmala hoya sUraja kiraNa uge te, citta to prasanna hoya govinda guNa gAye se| pItara to ujjla hoya, retI ke mAMje se, hadaya meM jyoti hoya, guru jJAna pAye se // bhajana meM vichepa hoya, duniyAM kI saMgati se, ananda apAra hoya, govinda ke dhyAye se / mana ko jagAvo aru, govinda ke zaraNa Ao, tirane ke ye upAya, govinda mana bhAye se| 8. sammAna bAI (ra. kA. saM. 1925 ke lagabhaga) sammAna bAI alavara ke rAmanAtha kaviyA kI putrI thii| inake hRdaya meM kRSNa ke prati aTa bhakti-bhAvanA thii| inhoMne pati ke rUpa meM hI IzvarAdhanA kii| inakA 'patizataka' bahata hI prasiddha grantha hai| kRSNabAlalIlAviSayaka dohe, savaiye, pada Adi bhI likhe haiN| 9. rasikabihArI banIThanI (ra. kA. saM. 1767 se 1822) kavayitrI banIThanI hindI sAhitya ke yazasvI kavi kizanagar3ha ke mahArAja nAgarIdAsa kI dAsI thii| unake samparka se inameM kRSNabhakti ke bhAva jAgRta hue| inake kRSNa-janmotsava, holI, rAdhAjanma, panaghaTalIlA Adi se sambaddha aneka pada upalabdha hote haiN| kavayitrI ne apane Apako rAdhA ke rUpa meM mAna karake kRSNa ke prati bhAvArpaNa kiyA hai| kRSNa ke bAre meM likhA huA unakA nimna pada zIla-maryAdA ke kAraNa atyanta prabhAvaka bana par3A hai.... kaise jala lAUM maiM panaghaTa aauuN| horI khelata naMdalADalorI, kyoMkara nibaha na paauuN| ve to nilaja phAga madamAte, hoM kulavadhU khaauuN| jo chua aMga rasika bihArI, tau hUM dharatI phArasamAUM // dhammo dIvo "saMsAra samudra meM dharma hI dIpa hai. www.jainelibra y.org
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________________ caturtha khaNDa | 226 10. sundarakavarI bAI (ra. kA. saM. 1817 se 1853) kavayitrI sundarakavarI bAI bhakta kavi nAgarIdAsa kI bahina thiiN| ye sadaiva kRSNabhakti meM lIna rahane vAlI thiiN| inakA vivAha rAghavagar3ha ke rAjA balabhadrasiMha ke kuMvara balavaMtasiMha ke sAtha huaa| sAhityika vAtAvaraNa meM palI sundarakavarI bAI kA jhukAva haribhakti kI. ora prArambha se hI rahA / inake likhe nehanidhi, vRndAvana gopI mAhAtmya, rasapuMja, bhAvanAprakAza, saMketa yugala Adi 11 grantha milate haiN| inhoMne bhAvAnukUla vibhinna chaMdoM meM kRSNarAdhA kI lIlAoM kA sarasa varNana prastuta kiyA hai| 11. chatrakuvarI bAI (ra. kA saM. 1703 se 1790) kavayitrI chatrakavarI bAI nAgarIdAsa kI potI thiiN| inakA vivAha koTaDe ke khIMcI gopAlasiMha ke sAtha huA thaa| inake likhe premavinoda graMtha meM rAdhAkRSNa kI premalIlAoM kA citraNa hai| rasa kI dRSTi se inakI kavitAe~ zRgArarasa pradhAna haiM parantu isameM bhI bhakti kI sukhada saritA pravahamAna hai| inake liye sAMjhI ke pada bahuta hI sarasa va madhura haiN| isa dhArA kI anya kavayitriyoM meM bIrAM (saM. 1750 se 1800) mahArAnI sona kaMvarI (saM. 1745 se 1800), dAsI sundara (18 vIM zatI kA pUrvArddha), prAnaMdI devI gosvAmI (18 vIM zatI kA pUrvArddha) Adi ke nAma vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| vyadhArA ko kavayitriyA~ saguNa kAvyadhArA kI bhA~ti nirguNakAvyadhArA bhI janamAnasa ko prabhAvita karatI rahI hai| gorakhanAtha aura bAda meM kabIra ne isa pravRtti ko vizeSa gati aura garimA pradAna kii| isa kAvyadhArA meM mUrtipUjA kA virodha karate hue pUjA ke bAhya vidhi-vidhAnoM kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| Izvara kI advaitabhAvonmukhI upAsanA para vizeSa bala dete hue jAtivAda kA khaNDana kara upAsanA kA dvAra saba varNa ke logoM ke lie khola diyA gyaa| rAjasthAna meM nirguNa mArgI kaI santa-sampradAya pratiSThita hue jinameM kaviyoM ke sAtha-sAtha kaI kavayitriyAM bhI huii| isa dhArA kI pramukha kavayitriyoM kA paricaya isa prakAra hai 1. sahajo bAI (ra. kA. saM. 18 vIM zatI) kavayitrI sahajo bAI kA janma alavara meM DhUMsara jAti ke zrI haraprasAda ke ghara hA / caranadAsI sampradAya ke pravartaka caraNadAsajI inake guru the| guru aura Izvara ke prati inakI aTUTa zraddhA thii| inake graMtha 'sahaja prakAza' meM guru mahimA aura sAMsArika nazvaratA kA mArmika varNana hai / prabhunAmasmaraNa ko mahattva detI huI ve kahatI haiM sahajo phira pachatAyegI, svAsa nikasI jaba jAya / jaba laga rahe zarIra meM, rAma sumira guna gAya // 2. dayAbAI (ra. kA. saM. 1805 ke AsapAsa) kavayitrI dayAbAI sahajobAI kI bahina thiiN| ye bar3I viduSI mahilA thiiN| inake guru bhI caraNadAsa jI the| inakI apane guru ke prati aTUTa zraddhA thii| unhIM kI kRpA se inheM divya
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________________ madhyakAlIna rAjasthAnI kAvya ke vikAsa meM kavayitriyoM kA yogadAna | 227 jJAna prApta huA thaa| saMsAra kI nazvaratA aura Izvara taka pahu~cAne vAle dRr3hapratijJa zUravIra bhaktoM kA varNana vairAgya aMga aura 'sUra aMga' meM bar3I sundaratA se huA hai| 'dayAbodha' aura 'vinayamAlikA' do graMtha upalabdha hote haiM / eka udAharaNa dekhiye--- sovata jAgata hari bhajo, hari hirade na bisAra / DorI gahi hari nAma kI, dayA na TUTe tAra // 3. gavarI bAI (ra0 kA0 saM. 1835 se 1895) kavayitrI gavarIbAI ne DUMgarapura ke nAgara brAhmaNa kula meM janma liyaa| inake mAtA-pitA prabhabhakta the| unakI isa bhakti-bhAvanA kA bAlikA gavarI para gaharA prabhAva pdd'aa| gavarIbAI bAlyakAla se hI patisukha se vaMcita ho gaI thIM, pariNAma svarUpa unhoMne samasta jIvana Izvarabhakti-bhAvanA meM vyatIta kiyaa| inake likhe hue karIba 610 padoM kA eka saMgraha upalabdha hotA hai jisameM gavarI bAI kI bhakti bhAvanA, vidvattA aura ArAdhya ke prati ananya bhAvanA kA patA lagatA hai| nirgaNa zAkhA ke kaviyoM meM jo sthAna sundaradAsa kA hai vahI sthAna nirgaNa zAkhA kI kavayitriyoM meM gavarIbAI kA hai| ve to kahatI haiM prabhu moko eka bera darzana diye|| hIrA, mAnaka, garadha bhaNDArA, mAla mulaka nahIM chiye| 4. umA (ra. kA. saM. 18 vIM zatI kA uttarArddha) kabIra ke rAma kI bhA~ti inakA rAma dazarathasuta na hokara nirguNa brahma hai| ve usake saMga phAga khelatI huI gAtI haiM aise phAga khele rAma rAya, surata suhAgaNa sammukha Aya / paMca tatta ko banyo hai bAga, jAmeM sAmanta sahelI ramata phAga / jaha rAma jharokhe baiThe Aya / prema pasArI pyArI lagAya // 5. rUpAM de (ra. kA. saM. 15 vIM zatI kA madhyakAla) saMta kavayitrI rUpAM de rAjA mallinAtha kI patnI thii| inake guru kA nAma ugamasI bhATI thaa| jAti pAMti ke baMdhana tor3a kara ye rAmadeva jI ke maMdira meM jAyA karatI thIM aura prasAda letI thiiN| kavayitrI kI ina gatividhiyoM se rAjA mallinAtha kI anya rAniyA~ aprasanna rahatI .thiiN| para rUpAM de kA ina sAMsArika bAtoM se koI lenA denA nahIM thaa| ve to sAMsArika bhogoM evaM bhautika aizvarya kI nazvaratA ko nakAratI huI kahatI haiM pailA jaisI prIta sadAI konI rayasI rai| nema dharama thArA chAnAM konI rayasI rai| dhammo dIvo saMsAra samudra meM dharma hI dIpa
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________________ caturtha khaNDa /228 6. jana begama (ra0 kA0 saM0 1835) nirguNa sampradAya kI kavayitriyoM meM jana begama kA nAma bhI bar3e gaurava ke sAtha liyA jAtA hai| ye alavara ke dolI gAMva kI rahane vAlI aura caraNadAsIsampradAya ke santa chaunA kI ziSyA thIM / inakA likhA 'sudAmAcarita' bhaktibhAvabharA sarasa grantha hai| isameM kavayitrI ne guru aura Izvara ke prati aTUTa zraddhA vyakta kI hai / 7. svarUpA bAI (ra0 kA0 saM0 18 vIM zatI kA uttarArddha) ye rAmasnehIsampradAya ke pravartaka rAmacaraNa jI mahArAja kI ziSyA thiiN| inakA rAjasthAnI bhaktisAhitya ke vikAsa meM bar3A yoga rhaa| sAMsArika nazvaratA evaM gurubhakti inakI kavitA kA mukhya svara hai| isa dhArA kI anya kavayitriyoM meM bAI khuzAla (saM01834), tolA de, kAjala de, gorAMjI Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| 5. jaina kAvyadhArA ko kavayitriyA~ bhAratIya dharmaparamparA meM sAdhuoM kI taraha sAdhviyoM kA bhI vizeSa yogadAna rahA hai| jainadharma bhI isakA apavAda nhiiN| aitihAsika paramparA ke rUpa meM hameM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke bAda ke sAdhuoM kI prAcAryaparamparA kA to patA calatA hai para unakI sAdhviyoM kI paramparA andhakArAcchanna hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM 36,000 sAdhviyoM kA netRtva karane vAlI sAdhvI candanabAlA kA ullekha zAstroM meM AtA hai| mahAvIra se hI tattvacarcA karane vAlI jayantI kA ullekha bhI hameM milatA hai / yaha to nizcita hI hai ki sAdhunoM aura zrAvakoM ke sAtha-sAtha zrAvikAoM kI bhI avicchinna paramparA rahI hai aura ina sAdhviyoM ne bhI sAdhuoM kI bhAMti sAhitya ke nirmANa evaM saMrakSaNa meM mahattvapUrNa yoga diyA hai| madhyakAla kI jina jaina kavayitriyoM kA hameM ullekha milatA hai unakA saMkSepa meM paricaya isa prakAra hai 1. guNasamRddhi mahattarA (ra0 kA0 saM0 1477) ye kharataragacchI jinacandra sUri kI ziSyA thiiN| inake dvArA prAkRta bhASA meM racita 502 zlokoM kA 'aMjaNAsundarIcariyaM' grantha jaisalamera ke bhaNDAra meM vidyamAna hai| isameM hanumAnajI kI mAtA aMjanAsundarI kA carita vaNita hai| 2. vinayacUlA (ra0 kA0 saM0 1513 ke AsapAsa) ___ye sAdhvI AgamagacchI hemaratna sUri ke sampradAya kI haiN| inhoMne hemaratna sUri guru phAgu nAma se 11 padyoM meM racanA kii| 3. padmazrI inakA sambandha bhI Agamagaccha se rahA hai| zrI mohanalAla dalIcanda dausAI ne jaina gurjara kavipro bhAga 3 khaNDa 1 ke pRSTha 535 para inakI racanA 'cArudattacaritra' kA ullekha kiyA hai|
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________________ madhyakAlIna rAjasthAnI kAvya ke vikAsa meM kavayitriyoM kA yogadAna | 229 4. hemazrI (ra0 kA0 saM0 1644) ye sAdhvI bar3atapagaccha ke nayasundara jI kI ziSyA thiiN| 'jaina gurjara kavipro' bhAga 1 meM pRSTha 286 para inakI eka racanA 'kanakAvatI AkhyAna' kA ullekha milatA hai| yaha 367 chandoM kI racanA hai| 5. hemasiddhi (ra0 kA0 saM0 17vIM zatI) inakA sambandha kharataragaccha se thaa| zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ne 'aitihAsika jainakAvya saMgraha' ke pRSTha 210 aura 211 para inake do gItoM kA, ullekha kiyA hai| pahalI racanA hai lAvaNyasiddhi pahutaNI gItam' isameM sAdhvI lAvaNyasiddhi kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| inakI dUsarI racanA 'somasiddhinirvANagItam' hai| isameM kavayitrI kA somasiddhi ke prati gaharA sneha aura bhakti-bhAva prakaTa huA hai| 6. haraka bAI (ra0 kA0 saM0 1820) ye sthAnakavAsI paramparA se sambaddha haiN| mahAsatI zrI amarUjI kA caritra va 'mahAsatI zrI catarUjI sajjhAya' nAma se inakI do racanAe~ upalabdha haiN| 7. hulAsAjI (ra0 kA0 saM0 1887) ye sthAnakavAsIparamparA ke pUjya zrImalajI ma. se sambaddha haiN| kSamA, tapa Adi viSayoM para inake kaI stavana milate haiN| 8. jar3AvajI ye sthAnakavAsI paramparA ke prAcArya zrI ratanacanda jI ma0 ke sampradAya kI pramukha zrIramA jI kI ziSyA thiiN| inakA janma saM0 1898 meM seThoM kI rIyAM meM huA thaa| saM0 1922 meM ye dIkSita haI / netrajyoti kSINa hone se saM0 1950 se antima samaya saM0 1972 taka ye jayapura meM hI sthiravAsI banakara rhiiN| inakI racanAoM kA eka saMgraha 'jainastavanAvalI' nAma se prakAzita huaa| isameM inakI stavanAtmaka, kathAtmaka, upadezAtmaka aura tAttvika racanAe~ saMkalita haiM / sAMgarUpaka likhane meM inheM vizeSa saphalatA milI hai / eka udAharaNa dekhiye jJAna kA ghor3A, citta kI cAbuka, vinaya lagAma lgaaii| tapa taravAra bhAva kA bhAlA, khimmA DhAla bNdhaaii| 9. bhUrasundarI (ra0 kA0 saM0 1980 se 1986) inakA sambandha sthAnakavAsIparamparA se hai| inakA janma saMvata 1914 meM nAgaura ke samIpa vaserI nAmaka gA~va meM huaa| inake pitA kA nAma akhayacandajI rAMkA tathA mAtA kA nAma rAmA bAI thaa| apanI bhunA se preraNA pAkara 11 varSa kI avasthA meM sAdhvI caMpAjI se ye dIkSita ho gii| inake 6 grantha prakAzita milate haiM-bhUrasundarI janabhajanoddhAra, bhUrasundarI vivekavilAsa, bhUrasundarI bodhavinoda, bhUrasundarI adhyAtmabodha, bhUrasundarI jJAnaprakAza, bhUrasundarI vidyAvilAsa / inakI racanAe~ mukhyata: stavanAtmaka va upadezAtmaka haiN| inhoMne paheliyAM bhI likhI haiM / eka udAharaNa dekhiye dhammo dIvo / saMsAra samudra meM dharma hI dIya MatsANI
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________________ caturtha khaNDa | 230 Adi akhara bina jaga ko dhyAve, madhya akhara bina jaga sNhaare| anta akhara bina lAgata mIThA, vaha sabake nayanoM meM diitthaa| uttara-kAjala uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki hindI sAhitya kI vIra, zRgAra, bhakti evaM adhyAtma kI vividharUpA kAvyadhArA ko samRddha evaM puSTa banAne meM rAjasthAna kI kavayitriyoM kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai|' -sI-235 e tilaka nagara, jayapura-4 isa nibandha ko taiyAra karane meM "preraNA" (pharavarI 1963) ke 'rAjasthAnI kavayitriyA~ vizeSAMka se sahAyatA lI gaI hai| isake lie lekhikA, sampAdaka zrI dInadayAla aojhA ke prati AbhAra vyakta karatI hai|