Jain Vidyache Vividh Aayam Part 03

Author(s): Nalini Joshi
Publisher: Nalini Joshi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/009843/1

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jainavidyece vividha AyAma (sphuTa-ciMtanAtmaka lekha) bhAga -3 * lekhana va saMpAdana * DaoN. nalinI jozI prAdhyApikA, jaina adhyAsana seTha hirAcaMda nemacaMda jaina adhyAsana phirodiyA prakAzana puNe vidyApITha oNgasTa 2011

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12. jaina aitihAsika sAhitya (zivAjI vidyApITha Ayojita dvidivasIya rASTrIya carcAsatrAtIla vizeSa vyAkhyAna Ayojaka : bha. mahAvIra jaina adhyAsana, mArca 2008) 'jainavidyA' he abhyAsAce eka vistRta kSetra Ahe. jaina itihAsa ANi paraMparA, jaina sAhitya, jaina tattvajJAna ANi jaina kalA he jainavidyece cAra pramukha staMbha Aheta. tyAkherIja sarva itara vidyAzAkhAMzI kelelA taulanika abhyAsa he tyAce eka nave aMga jhapATyAne puDhe yeta Ahe. tyAtIla aitihAsikatA yA AyAmAviSayI ApaNa sAhityika dRSTane vicAra karaNAra Ahota. tase pAhile tara sAhitya he aitihAsika prAmANyAcyA dRSTIne sarvAta kamI mahattvAce aMga Ahe. purAtattvaviSayaka pramANe hI sarvAdhika mahattvAcI mAnalI jAtAta. zilAlekha, staMbhalekha, maMdire, stUpa, caitya, citrakalA, mUrtikalA, tAmrapaTa, dAnapatre ityAdIMcyA mAdhyamAtUna koNatyAhI paraMparece dRSTigocara hoNAre rUpa nikhaLa satya mhaNUna svIkAle jAte. jaina paraMparetIla varIla purAve bhAratabhara pasarale Aheta. aitihAsikatecyA dRSTIne jaina sAhityAtIla sarvAta mahamAcyA Aheta tyA paTavalI ! ardhamAgadhI bhASetIla paryuSaNAkalpa athavA kalpasUtrAtIla sthavirAvalI hA bhAga tyA dRSTIne sarvAta prAcIna Ahe. 12 vyA zatakAta hoUna gelelyA hemacaMdrAMnI saMskRtamadhye pariziSTaparva' lihUna tyAcI bar2yAca pramANAta pUrtI kelI. gaNa va gaccha paraMparA surU jhAlyAvara vividha gurvAvali, paTTAvali lihilyA jAU lAgalyA. AMcalagaccha, kharataragaccha, tapAgaccha i. cyA paTTAvalI jaina itihAsAvara cAMgalA prakAza TAkatAta. yA paTTAvalIMce saMgraha jAmanagara, bhAvanagara Adi saMsthAMnI prakAzita kele Aheta. adyApahI kAhI paTTAvalI prakAzanAcI vATa pahAta Aheta. paTTavalIMvyatirikta jaina graMthAMcyA prazastIMmadhUnahI vividha prakAracI aitihAsika mAhitI miLate. tyAnaMtara mahattvapUrNa graMtha mhaNaje prabaMdha hota. Aja ApalyAlA prathama jaina sAhityAtIla 'prabaMdha yA viSayAcI adhika mAhitI karUna ghyAvayAcI Ahe. siMghI jaina graMthamAlene te atyaMta cikitsApUrvaka prakAzita kele Aheta. te bahutAMzI saMskRtamadhye Aheta. puDhyAcI hiMdI bhASAMtare phoTo ityAdIMsaha prakAzita karaNyAcA tyAMcA manodaya hotA. AttAparyaMta tarI mAjhyA pahANyAta azI bhASaMtare AlelI nAhIta. brAhmaNa kiMvA bauddha paraMpareta azA prabaMdharacanA agadI turaLaka disatAta. jaina AcAryAMnI yAbAbata AghADI mAralelI disate. kAlAnukrame pahilA prabaMdhagraMtha Ahe dhanezvarasUriviracirtazatruJjayamAhAtmya'. nAvAvarUnaca spaSTa hote kI zatruJjaya tIrthAcI, tyAcyA nirmitIcI ANi daMtakathAMcI samagra mAhitI dhanezvarasUrIMnI saMkalita kelI Ahe. 13 vyA zatakakli prabhAcandrakRta 'prabhAvakacarita' hA graMtha yA mAliketIla dusarI mahattvapUrNa prabaMdharacanA Ahe. vajrasvAmIMpAsUna AraMbha karUna AryarakSita, Aryanandila, kAlakasUri azA kramAne hemacandrasUrIMparyaMtacI caritre yAta noMdavalI Aheta. yA sarvAMcI gaNanA tyA tyA kALAtIla prabhAvasaMpannaM vyaktI azI kelI Ahe. caritAMcyA oghAta prAkRta va apabhraMza kAvye, prAkRta mhaNI va dezI zabdAMcA vApara kelelA disato. 14 vyA zatakAta hoUna gelelyA zrI merutuGga yAMnI racalelA prabandhacintAmaNi' hA graMthahI saMskRtamadhyeca asUna tyAcI racanA adhika sughaTa Ahe. vikramAditya, sAtavAhana, vanarAja, mUlarAja, muJjarAja, bhojarAja, siddharAja, kumAraphA, vastupAla, tejapAla yAMcyAviSayIcI kathAnake ekekA prakAzAta' samAviSTa kelelI asUna aneka mahattvAce AcArya, zrAvaka va anyadharmIya prabhAvI vyaktIMcA vaTacyA prakaraNAta dilA Ahe. zailIcI vaiziSTye prabhAvakacaritApramopya Aheta. 14 vyA zatakAtIla zrI rAjazekharakRta 'prabandhakoza yA mAliketIla puDhacA graMtha Ahe. yAtIla bahutAMzI viSaya prabhAvakacaritApramANeca Aheta. bhadrabAhu-varAha-prabandhAne AraMbha hoto. vastupAla-tejapAla prabaMdha zevaTacA Ahe.

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ekUNa prabaMdhasaMkhyA 24 Ahe. hariharakavi, amaracandra, madanakIrti, ratnazrAvaka va AbhaDazrAvaka yAMvarIla prabaMdha pUrvIcyA prabaMdhAMhUna vegaLe Aheta. ApalyA yA carcAsatrAcyA dRSTIne sarvAta mahattvAcA graMtha mhaNaje vividhatIrthakalpa hA hoya. 14 vyA zatakAtaca jinaprabhasUrIMnI hA graMtha lihilA. graMthAtIla pratyeka nibaMdhAlA 'kalpa' mhaTale Ahe. ekUNa 62 kalpa Aheta. yAtIla pahilA zatruJjayatIrthakalpa saMskRtAta Ahe. bAkIce prAyaH 50 kalpa jaina mahArASTrI prAkRtAta Aheta. prAkRta bhASA atizaya rasALa Ahe. prastAvanetaca muni jinavijaya mhaNatAta kI he jaNU kAhI bhAratAtIla tIrthakSetrAMce gAiDabuka'ca Ahe. bhAratAta 11-12 vyA zatakApAsUna te 16-17 vyA zatakAparyaMta muslIma rAjavaTa kamI-adhika pramANAta pasaralelI hotI. 5 pAtazAhyAMcA aMmala cAlU hotA. AzcaryAcI goSTa mhaNaje hyA kALAta jaina AcAryAMnI mAtra saMskRta, jaina mahArASTrI ANi apabhraMza yA bhASAMmadhye vipula graMthasaMpattI nirmANa kelI. kAhI mugala bAdazahAMcyadarabArAta tyAMcA prabhAva lakSaNIya disato. ___itihAsAta 'veDA mahammUda' mhaNUna oLakhalyA jANAr2yA mahammada tughalakAcyA darabArAta jinaprabhasUrIMnA atizaya mAna hotA. (girIza karnADa yAMnI 'tughalaka' nATakAta yA bAdazahAcyA vividha svabhAvavaiziSTyAMvara cAMgalAca prakAza TAkalA Ahe.) ApalyA virakta, niHspRha ANi jJAnasaMpanna vyaktimatvAne jinaprabhasUrIMnI yA samrATAlA prabhAvita kele hote. tyAMce itihAsAce ANi tIrthabhramaNAce prema vividhatIrthakalpAtUna uttama rItIne vyakta hote. gujarAtava kAThevADamadhIla 8 tIrthakSetre, yuktaprAnta ANi paMjAbamadhIla 6, rAjaputAnA va mALavyAtIla 7, avadha va bihAramadhIla 11, dakSiNa va barADa (va-hADa) madhIla 3 ANi karNATaka va telaMgaNAtIla 3 tIrthakSetrAMcyA yAtrA karUna yAMnI tyAvara AdhArita 'kalpa' lihUna molAcI kAmagirI kelI. (yA ThikANI kAzmirI kavI kalhaNa yAcyA rAjataraGgiNI' graMthAcI AThavaNa AlyAzivAya rahAta nAhI. kAzmiracA saMpUrNa itihAsa jANUna gheNyAce te ekameva sAhityika sAdhana Ahe.) 16 vyA zatakAta jhAlelyA samrATa akabarAcyA darabArAta jyA pratibhAvaMtAMnA mAnAce sthAna hote tyAta jaina AcArya hIravijayasUri yAMcA gauravAne ullekha karatA yeIla. yethe Ayojita kelelyA carcAsatrAzI susaMgata azA tIna kalpAMcA ApaNa yA cArahI graMthAMcyA AdhAre ADhAvA gheU. 'nAsikyapurakalpa hA 28 vA kalpa saMpUrNataH prAkRtAta Ahe. to AThave tIrthaMkara candraprabha yAMcyA saMdarbhAta Ahe. 'nAsiakalimalanivaha' (nAzita-kali-mala-nivaha) asA nAzika nAvAvara zleSa kelelA Ahe. brAhmaNAdi tIrthika yAviSayI kAya mAhitI sAMgatAta te AraMbhI dile Ahe. kRtayugAta brahmadevAce kamaLa aruNA-varuNA-gaMgA yAMnI bhUSita azA mahArASTrAta paDale. tethe brahmadevAne padmapura vasavile. yajJAta deva Ale. dAnava yeInAta. te mhaNAle,jara caMdraprabhasvAmI Ale taraca AmhI yeU. brahmadevAne vihAra karaNAr2yA caMdraprabhasvAmIMcA zodha gheUna yeNyAcI vinaMtI kelI. caMdraprabha mhaNAle, 'mAjhyA pratirUpAne mhaNajeca mUrtInehI kAma hoIla. caMdrakAMta ratnAMpAsUna banavilelI pratimA brahmadevAne saudharma iMdrAkaDUna ghetalI. nAzikakSetra he kRtayugAtale padmapura' hoya. tretAyugAta rAma, lakSmaNa, sItA pitRAjJene vanavAsa patkarUna gautamIgaMgA'tIrAvarIla paMcavaTIta rAhile. gautamI mhaNaje prAkRtAta godamI - tyAvarUna 'godAvarI' nAva paDale asAve. zUrpaNakhece 'nAka' rAmAne chedale mhaNUna nAsikka' nAva paDale. rAmAyaNa ghaDale. ayodhyesa parata jAtAnA, yethe thAMbUna rAmAne caMdraprabhamaMdirAcA uddhAra kelA. kAlAMtarAne puNyabhUmI mhaNUna janakarAjA yethe AlA. tyAne yajJa kelA. 'janakasthAna mhaNUna prasiddha jhAle. AjahI nAzikajavaLacA AdivAsI bhAga 'janasthAna' mhaNUna prasiddha Ahe. kavI kusumAgrajAMnI tethe bareca kArya kele he ApalyAlA mAhIta Aheca. zukrAcAryAMcI kanyA devayAnI hice daMDakarAjAne apaharaNa kele. zakrAcAryAMnI zApa dilA. daMDaka rAjA caMdraprabhasvAmIMnA zaraNa gelA. zApamukta jhAlA. yA ghaTanenaMtara kavI lihito, 'paratIrthikahI jyAcA mahimA gAtAta tyA

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kSetrAcA mahimA ArahaMtaloka kasA gANAra nAhIta ?' dvApArayugAta kuMtIputra yudhiSThirAne caMdraprabhasvAmIMcyA prAsAdAcA uddhAra kelA. javaLa bilvavRkSa lAvalA. te sthAna 'kuMtIvihAra' mhaNUna prasiddha jhAle. jaina paraMparepramANe dvIpAyana RSIMcyA bhaviSyavANInusAra dvArakecA vinAza jhAlA. tyA prasaMgI vajrakumAra yAdava yAcI patnI yA ThikANI AlI. caMdraprabhasvAmIMnA zaraNa gelI. prasUta jhAlI. to putra moThA parAkramI nagarapramukha jhAlA. yAdava vaMza yethe rujalA. tyAnehI caMdraprabhatIrthAcA uddhAra kelA. kaliyugAta zAntAcAryAMnI (uttarAdhyayanAce TIkAkAra) he tIrtha uddharale. tyAnaMtara kalyANakaTaka nagarAtIla 'paramaDDI' rAjAne tI pratimA gheNyAcA asaphala prayatna kelA. maga bhavanoddhAra karUna 24 gAve dilI. puDhe pallIvAla vaMzAtIla mANikyaputra ANi nAU yAMcA putra sAhu kumArasiMha yA paramazrAvakAne hA prAsAda navA kelA. AjahI tethe cArahI dizAMnI saMgha yeUna utsava karatAta. zevaTI ase mhaTale Ahe kI hA kalpa tyAMnI nAsikyapurAtaca lihilA. 'pratiSThAnapattanakalpa' hA dekhIla jaina itihAsAzI kityeka zatakAMpAsUna joDalelA disato. tyA kalpAcA AraMbha mahArASTrAcyA varNanAne hoto. mahArASTrAta 68 laukika tIrthe asUna 52 jaina tIrthe Aheta asA ullekha Ahe. AMdhrabhRtya vaMzAtIla sAtavAhana rAjAMcyA itihAsAzI pratiSThAna athavA paiThaNace nAva nigaDita Ahe. yA sarvaca prabaMdhakAMnI zAtavAhana - sAtakarNI - sAlavAhana-sAlAhaNa yA rAjAMnA 'jainadharmI' ase saMbodhale Ahe. prAcIna bhAratAce itihAsakAra he mAnya karIta nAhIta. sAtavAhanAMcyA rAjavaTIta jaina dharmAcA pracAra, prasAra mAtra yethe bharapUra jhAlelA disato. munista tIrthaMkarAMcyA jIvatsvAmI pratimecA, lepyamayI pratimecA vAraMvAra ullekha yeto. yA kSetrAcI devatA ambAdevI asUna 'kapardI' (kavaDDiya) hA 'yakSa' Ahe. 'kAlakAcAryakathAnaka' yA viSayAvara prAkRtAmadhye aneka khaMDakAvye disUna yetAta. ujjainIcA rAjA gardabhilla, tyAne kelele kAlakasUrIMcyA 'sarasvatI' nAvAcyA bahiNIce apaharaNa, tyAMnI ghetalele zaka (zAkhi) rAjAMce sahAyya i. ghaTanA jainAMmadhye pracalita Aheta. he kAlakasUrI vihAra karIta pratiSThAnapurAsa Ale. sAtavAhanAne moThyA thATAma praveza karavilA. tyAveLI iMdramahotsava surU hotA. paryuSaNaparvAta nehamI yeNArI aDacaNa jANUna sAtavAhana va kAlaka yAMnI ekatritapaNe paryuSaNaparvasAMgatA 'caturthI 'lA karAvI asA nirNaya ghetalA. pratiSThAna nagara yA ghaTanece sAkSIdAra Ahe. upalabdha purAvyAnusAra sumAre 4 thyA zatakAta hoUna gelelyA pAdalipta- pAlittaya- yA AcAryAMcAhI pratiSThAnacyA itihAsAzI saMbaMdha varNilA Ahe. pAdaliptAcArya 'dakSiNAzAmukhabhUSaNa' azA pratiSThAna nagarAta Ale. sAtavAhanAcyA darabArAtIla lokAMnI tupAne bharalele bhAMDe pAThavaNe - pAdaliptAMnI tyAta suI TAkUna kuzAgratA siddha karaNei. ghaTanA varNilyA Aheta. tyAMcyA 'nirvANakalikA' ANi 'praznaprakAza' yA graMthAMcA ullekha Ahe. Aja ajUnaparyaMta tyAMcI hastalikhite sApaDalelI nAhIta. sAtavAhanAcyA rAjyAtaca tyAMnI 'taraMgalolA' nAvAce apratima kAvya racale. Aja tehI upalabdha nAhI. tyAvara AdhArita kAvye mAtra upalabdha Aheta. tyAmadhye pAdaliptAMcA AdarapUrvaka ullekha kelA Ahe. sAtavAhana mhaNato, 'sarvajaNa ApalI stutI karatAta. amuka amuka gaNikA stutI karIta nAhI. tilA stutI karAyalA lAvA'. pAdalipta yogasAdhanene zvAsanirodha karatAta. pretayAtrA gaNikecyA gharAsamorUna jAta asate. tine taraMgalolA kAvya vAcUna AsvAda ghetalelA asato. tI udgArate "sIsaM kahavi na phuTaM jamassa pAlittayaM haraMtassa jassa muhanijjharAuto taraMgalolA naI vUDhA / / " ujjainI (avaMtI) ce vikramAditya ANi sAtavAhana rAje yAMcA parasparasaMbaMdha sAMgaNArI kathAhI yA pratiSThAnakalpAta yete. ujjainIta bhaviSyavette ghoSita karatAta kI, 'pratiSThAnalA sAtavAhana rAjA hoNAra Ahe. daramyAna sAtavAhanAce buddhikauzalya va parAkrama ujjainIta samajato. vikramAditya AkramaNa karato. sAtavAhana adbhuta zaktI va parAkramAne tyAMnA paLavito. sAtavAhanAcA rAjyAbhiSeka hoto. to tApI nadIparyaMta rAjyavistAra karato. 50 jinamaMdire bAMdhato.

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sAtavAhana hA zRMgArapremI rAjA asUna tyAne koTyavadhi suvarNanANI kharca karUna gAthAsaMgraha kelyAcA ullekhahI yA prabaMdhAmadhye yeto. 'zUdrakaM' nAvAcA eka 'vIra' ANi doghAMviSayIcyA daMtakathA raMgavUna dilyA Aheta. Aja upalabdha asalelyA gAthAsaptazatIta 'pAlittaya' ANi 'zUdraka' yAMcyA nAvAvara prAkRta gAthA disatAta. sAtavAhanAcyA dAnazUratecI ANi tIrthasthApanecI varNane sarvaca AcArya karatAta. sAtavAhanAne ' sattUMce dAnaM pUrvabhavAta munIMnA kele ityAdI daMtakathAhI joDalyA Aheta. pratiSThAnakalpa mukhyatvAne suvratajinAMzI saMlagna asUna vAraMvAra tyAMcyA maMdirAcyA jIrNoddhArAcyA kathA yetAta. vividhatIrthakalpAta 'dakSiNa va barADa' saMbaMdhI je kalpa Aheta tyAtIla eka mhaNaje 'zrIpura' yethIla 'antarikSapArzvanAthakalpa' hoya. kathecA AraMbha theTa rAmAyaNApAsUna hoto. rAvaNa ApalyA mAlI va sumAlI yA yoddhyAMnA kAmAsAThI dusarIkaDe pAThavito. tyAMcA baTuka pujArIhI barobara asato. vimAnapravAsa surU hoto. pujArI gaDabaDIta jinapratimA gheNyAsa visaralelA asato. vidyAbalAne to bhAvijina pArzvanAthAMcI vAlukAmaya pratimA karato. mAlIsumAlIMnI pUjana kelyAvara tI visarjita karato. khAlI sarovara asate. dIrghakALa pratimA sarovarAta tazIca rahAte. kityeka varSAMnI ciMgaulla kiMvA viMgaulla pradezAcA zrIpAla rAjA tethe yeto. to kuSTharogI asato. sarovarAtIla snAnAne kuSTharoga barA hoto. rANI Azcaryacakita hote. tilA svapnAta pArzvanAtha pratimecA dRSTAMta hoto. rAjA rathAtUna pratimA neU lAgato. madhyeca vaLUna pahAto. pratimA aMtarikSAta sira hote. rAjA 'zrIpura' nAvAce nagara vasavito. caitya bAMdhato. aMbAdevI kSetrapAla va dharaNeMdra - padmAvatIMcyA pratimAMcI pratiSThApanA karato. AjahI 'zrIpura' yethe yAtrA mahotsava asato. 'zrIpura' yA ThikANAcI vividhatIrthakalpAta AlelI noMda azA prakAracI Ahe. kauMkaNa pradezAcyA utpattIcI kathA prabandhacintAmaNIta AlI Ahe. samudra haTavUna kAhI dvIpe tayAra karUna mahAnanda rAjAne, ApalyA prasaMgavazAt nAvaDatyA jhAlelyA rANIcyA putrAlA tI dilI asA ullekha Ahe. brAhmaNa paraMparetIla parazurAmAzIhI tyAcA saMbaMdha yA prabaMdhAMmadhye disata nAhI. prabhAvakacaritAta vajrasvAmI vihAra karIta dakSiNyAlA yetAta, asA ullekha Ahe. 'sa zanaiH prAyAt kuMkaNAn vittavaJcaNAnM asA koMkaNa prAMtAcyA dAridryAcA ullekha disato. tethUna te 'sopArapattanA'sa jAtAta ase mhaTale Ahe. azokAce zilAlekha jethe sApaDale te ' zUrpAraka' (ThANyAjavaLa - nAlA sopArA) heca asaNyAcI zakyatA Ahe. koMkaNAtIla jaina tIrtha agara pratimAMcA ullekha nAhI. caturdazapUrvadhArI bhadrabAhU yAMcA vRttAMta prabandhakozAta pratiSThAna (paiThaNa) yethe ghaDalA ase noMdavile Ahe. bhadrA va brAhmaNa paraMparetIla suprasiddha khagola- jyotiSI varAhamihira yAMnA 'sahodara' (bhAU) mhaTale Ahe. tyAMcA bRhatsaMhitA graMtha suprasiddha Ahe. kathAnakAta bhadrabAhU varAhamihirAMce' tyAMce bhaviSya kase acUka nAhIM he dAkhavUna detAta. varAhamihira vighne utpanna karatAta. tyA vighnAMcyA upazamAsAThI bhadrabAhU 'upasargahara' stotrAcI racanA karatAta ase mhaTale Ahe. prabaMdhaciMtAmaNIta mAtra hAca sarva vRttAMta pATalIputra yethe ghaDalA ase mhaTale Ahe. 'nyAyAvatArasUtra' yA suprasiddha jaina nyAyaviSayaka graMthAce karte, 'stutividyA' ANi 'kalyANamaMdira' stotrAMce karte siddhasena divAkara ApalyA akheracyA divasAta 'pratiSThAnapurAsa Ale. tyAMnI tetheca prAyopavezanAne dehatyAga kelA ase prabhAvakacaritAta mhaTale Ahe. prabandhacintAmaNI graMthAta gurjarAdhipatI siddharAja ANi 'kollApura yethIla rAjA yAMcyA saMbaMdhAtIla eka hakIgata sAMgitalI Ahe. tethIla mahAlakSmI maMdirAtIla dIpotsavAcA ullekha lakSaNIya Ahe. upasaMhAra : AraMbhIca mhaTalyApramANe sAhityAta AkhyAyikA, daMtakathA ANi itihAsa yAMce satata mizraNa jhAlele asate. tyAtUna pramANita itihAsa zodhaNe phAra kaThINa asate. he sarva gRhIta dharale tarI jaina AcAryAMnI lihilelyA pAca prabandhaviSayaka graMthAMmadhUna jaina kSetre va jaina dharmaprabhAvaka vyaktIMcA itihAsa noMdaviNyAcI asalelI tyAMcI dRSTI molAcA

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mAnalI pAhije. sadhyA jaina sAhityAcA zatakAnusArI ADhAvA gheNyAcA eka prakalpa hAtI ghetalA Ahe. isavIsanapUrva kALApAsUna 17 vyA zatakAparyaMta zvetAMbara-digaMbara AcAryAMnI sAtatyAne AraMbhI ardhamAgadhI va jaina zaurasenI bhASAMtUna ANi naMta jaina mahArASTrI, saMskRta ANi apabhraMza bhASAMtUna jI sAhityanirmitI kelI Ahe, tyAlA bhAratIya vAGmayAcyA jhahiAsAta toDa nAhI, he nakkI. saMdarbha-graMtha-sUcI 1) prabhAvakacarita : prabhAcandra, siMghI jaina jJAnapITha, saM. jinavijayamuni, ahamadAbAda, 1940 2) prabandhacintAmaNi : merutuGga , siMghI jaina jJAnapITha, saM. jinavijaya, zAntiniketana, 1933 3) prabandhakoSa : rAjazekhara, siMghI jaina jJAnapITha, saM. jinavijaya, zAntiniketana, 1935 4) vividhatIrthakalpa : jinaprabha, siMghI jaina jJAnapITha, zAntiniketana, 1934 5) prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa : jagadIzacandra jaina, vArANasI, 1985 6) bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna : DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, bhopALa, 1962 7) prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa : DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI, vArANasI, 1966 *****

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13. jaina purANAtIla rAje (itihAsa-saMkalana-pariSada, puNe yethe vAcalelA zodhanibaMdha, 2010) lekhaka : zrI. sumatilAla bhaMDArI mArgadarzana : DaoN. nalinI jozI 'sargazca pratisargazca vaMzo manvantarANi ca / vaMzAnucaritaM caiva purANaM paJcalakSaNam / / ' arthAt purANa pAca prakAracA vicAra karate. utpatti, pralaya, vaMza, manvantara manu va vaMzAcA itihAsa. 'purANa' zabdAcI hiMdU sAhityAtIla hI paribhASA jaina purANAMnAhI lAgU paDate. rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, harivaMzapurANa Adi hiMdUMce graMtha 'purANa' yA svarUpAta moDatAta. purANa yAcA artha prAcIna. hI hiMdUMcI purANe jevhA lokapriya hoU lAgalI tevhA jaina vidvAnAMnAhI purANa lihAvese vATU lAgale. maga tyAMnI purANAMtargata jaina mahApuruSAMcI caritre lihilI. tIrthaMkarAMcI taseca rAma, zrIkRSNa Adi prabhAvI puruSAMcI caritre lihilI. (rAma ANi zrIkRSNa he jainAMmadhye AdaraNIya mokSagAmI puruSa Aheta. 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSa' yA caritragraMthAta rAma va zrIkRSNa yAMnA anukrame baladeva va vAsudeva ase saMbodhale Ahe.) zrutakevalI bhadrabAhU svAmI yAMnI ardhamAgadhI bhASeta racalelyA 'kalpasUtra' yA graMthAta RSabhadeva, ariSTanemI, pArzvanAtha va mahAvIra yA tIrthaMkarAMcI caritre dilI Aheta. 'harivaMzapurANa' he mahAkAvya 22 ve tIrthaMkara neminAtha athavA ariSTanemI yAMce caritra varNana karaNAre Ahe. tyAmuLe yA mahAkAvyAce dusare nAva 'ariSTanemipurANasaMgraha ' asehI Ahe. yAce kartA punnATasaMghIya jinasena asUna nirmitIkAla aMdAje 8 ve zataka Ahe. vasudevahiMDI yA AcArya saMghadAsagaNi va dharmasenagaNi yAMnI i. sa. cyA 6 vyA zatakAmadhye lihilelyA graMthAta, RSabhadevAMce taseca zrIkRSNapitA vasudeva yAMce caritra dile Ahe. vimalasUri yA AcAryAMnI 'paumacariya' he rAmacaritra, mahAkAvya yA rUpAne i.sa.cyA tisar2yA zatakAta mhaNaje vAlmIki rAmAyaNAnaMtara javaLa javaLa 200 varSAMnI lihile Ahe. he jaina rAmAyaNa Ahe. azAkaritA kI yAtIla ghaTanA va krama vAlmIki rAmAyaNApramANeca Ahe. paNa tyAMnA vATaNAr2yA viparIta, asaMbhavanIya goSTIMnA tarkAcA, tattvAMcA va karmasiddhAMtAMcA AdhAra deUna tyAMnI kAhI pherabadala kele Aheta. vimalasUri, yA mahAkAvyAlA 'purANa' ase saMbodhatAta. jJAtRdharmakathA, aMtakRddazA, uttarAdhyayanasUtrAvIla sukhabodhATIkA yA graMthAta aneka rAjAMcyA kathA AlyA Aheta. jaina paurANika mahAkAvyAMcI kathAvastU jaina dharmAtIla 63 zalAkApuruSAMcyA jIvanacaritrAvara AdhAralelI Ahe. zalAkApuruSa mhaNaje stutya puruSa, sarvotkRSTa mahApuruSa athavA sRSTIta utpanna jhAlele vA utpanna hoNAre sarvazreTha mahApuruSa. he zalAkApuruSa mhaNaje 24 tIrthaMkara, 12 cakravartI, 9 vAsudeva, 9 prativAsudeva va 9 baladeva he hota. yA 63 puruSAMmadhye bharata, brahmadatta, zrIkRSNa, rAma, balarAma, jarAsaMdha, rAvaNa AdIMcA samAveza Ahe. yA mahApuruSAMnI bharata kSetrAcyA itihAsAta ApalI svataMtra oLakha nirmANa kelI. 63 zalAkApuruSa he eka dhArmika kAvya Ahe va kathedvArA dharmopadeza deNe hAca yAcA uddeza Ahe. 63 zalAkApuruSa hI racanA purANa yAkaritA Ahe kI yAmadhye prAcInAMce itivRtta Ahe. he varNana prAcIna kavIMnI kele Ahe. he mahAna yAkaritA Ahe kI yAta mahApuruSAMce varNana Ahe. he mahAna yAkaritAhI Ahe kI he mahAna zikavaNa dete. 63 mahAna puruSAMce varNana karaNAre kAvya mhaNUna he 'mahApurANa' Ahe. tyAmuLe jainAMmadhye yA mahASANAce mahattva tevaDheca Ahe jitake rAmAyaNa, mahAbhAratAce Ahe. 'triSaSTimahApuruSaguNAlaMkAra' hA mahAkAya kAvyagraMtha 'puSpadaMta' yA kavIne apabhraMza bhASeta lihilA. yAcA nirmitIkALa isavI sanAce 10 ve zataka asA Ahe. AcArya jinasena yAMnI 'AdipurANa' hA graMtha 9 vyA zatakAta lihilA. tisarA graMtha 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita' hA AcArya hemacaMdrAMnI (zvetAMbara jaina munI) saMskRtamadhye i.sa.cyA 12 vyA zatakAta lihilA. azA puSkaLa lekhakAMnI 63 zalAkApuruSAMvara graMtha lihile Aheta.

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he zalAkApuruSa ase Aheta. 24 tIrthaMkara : vRSabha, ajita, saMbhava, abhinaMdana, sumati, padmaprabha, supArzva, caMdraprabha, suvidhi, zItala, zreyAMsa, vAsupUjya, vimala, anaMta, dharmanAtha, zAMtInAtha, kunthu, araha, mallI, munisuvrata, nami, ariSTanemi, pArzvanAtha, mahAvIra. 12 cakravartI : bharata, sagara, maghavA, sanatkumAra, zAMtinAtha, kunthunAtha, araha, subhauma, padma, hariSeNa, jayasena, brahmadatta. 9 vAsudeva : tripRSTha, dvayapRSTha, svayaMbhU, puruSottama, puruSasiMha, puruSapuMDarIka, datta, nArAyaNa, zrIkRSNa. 9 prativAsudeva azvagrIva, tAraka, meraka, madhukaiTabha, nisumbha, bali, praharaNa, rAvaNa, jarAsaMdha. 9 baladeva : vitaya, acala, dharma, suprabha, sudarzana, naMdI, naMdimitra, rAma, balabhadra. jaina paurANika graMthAta aneka rAjAMcA ullekha ADhaLato. prAyaH he rAje cAra prakArAta ADhaLatAta. eka mhaNaje ApalyA rAjyAcA, saMpattIcA tyAga karUna, dIkSA gheUna lokAMnA dharmopadeza deNAre. yAta tIrthaMkarAdi vyaktI yetAta. udA. RSabhadeva, ariSTanemI, pArzvanAtha, mahAvIra i. dusare mhaNaje gRhasthAzramAta rAhUna kAhI ekA viziSTa prasaMgAne pratibodhita hoUna svata:ca dIkSA gheNAre va mokSAlA jANAre mokSagAmI puruSa. yAta pratyekabuddha yetAta. udA. karakaMDu, namIrAjA, naggatirAjA, dvimukharAjA, zAlibhadra i. tisarA prakAra mhaNaje rAjapadAvara rAhUna paNa jaina dharma svIkArUna dharmAcA prasAra karaNAre va dharmAcA AdhArastaMbha jhAlele rAje. he rAje cAMgale AcaraNa karIta prajelA sanmArga dAkhavitAta yA prakArAta caMdragupta maurya, khAravela, rAjA zreNika (biMbisAra), kuNika (ajAtazatrU), jitazatrU, kumArapAla Adi rAje yetAta. cauthyA prakArAta rAje dIkSA ghetAta paNa dharmopadeza na karatA ekAMta sthaLI jAUna tapazcaryA karatAta AtmonnatI sAdhatAta. pratyeka prakArAtIla eka eka udAharaNa pAhUyA. jainAMce pahile tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva : ayodhyA nagarIce 14 ve aMtima kulakara nAbhirAjA va rANI marudevI yAMcyA poTI RSabhadevAMcA janma jhAlA. nAbhirAjA maraNa pAvalyAvara te rAje banale. paNa sarvAMnA te paricita Aheta te tyAMcyA kAryAmuLe. sarva mAnavajAtIlA susaMskRta karaNyAce kArya tyAMnI kele. tyAMcyA kALI mAnavajAta pragata navhatI. loka jhADAkhAlI jhopata. kaMdamuLe khAta. lokAMce jIvana kartavyazUnya va niSkriya hote. lokasaMkhyecI vADha jhAlI hotI. tyAmuLe bhAMDaNe, vaira, ghRNA, saMgharSa azA apapravRttI ADhaLUna yeU lAgalyA hotyA. RSabhadevAMnI yA lokAMmadhye amUlAgra badala ghaDavUna ANalA. tyAMnA zetI karaNyAcI, vastre viNaNyAcI kalA zikavilI. svata: vinItA nagarI (AtAcI ayodhyA) nirmANa karUna nagara, gAva kase nirmANa karAve he zikavile. svata: dona rANyAMzI - sunaMdA va sumaMgalA yAMcyAzI vivAha karUna vivAhasaMsthA astitvAta ANalI. ApalyA kanyA brAhmI va suMdarI yAMnA zikSaNa deUna strI zikSaNAcA pAyA ghAtalA. striyAMnA mAnAce sthAna dile. jAtInusAra nAhI tara pratyekAcyA kAmAnusAra kSatriya, vaizya, zUdra azI varNavyavasthA astitvAta ANalI. thoDakyAta tyAMnI lokAMnA puruSArthAcA dhaDA ghAlUna dilA va niSkriyatA naSTa kelI. mAnavajAta sarvArthAne pragata jhAlyAvara ApalA putra bharata yAsa rAjyAvara basavUna tyAMnI dIkSA ghetalI. zramaNa dharmAcI sthApanA kelI. sAdhu-sAdhvI, zrAvaka-zrAvikA azA caturvidha saMghAcI sthApanA kelI. RSabhadevAce nAva RSabha athavA vRSabha azA donhI prakAre ghetale jAte. yA tyAMcyA kAryAmuLeca jainAMbarobara tyAMnA vaidika va bauddha dharmAta AdarAce sthAna miLAle. (1) RgvedAta tyAMcA ullekha jAgojAgI ADhaLato (R. 10/166/1).

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RSabhaM mAsamAnAnAM sapatnAnAM viSAsahim / haMttAraM zatrUNA kRdhi, virAjaM gopatiM gavAm / / (R. 10/166/1) taseca tyAMcA ullekha atharvavedAta (RcA 19/42/4) va taittiyAraNyakAta (R. 2/7/1) madhyehI ADhaLato. bhAgavata purANAta RSabhadevAMnA 24 avatArAMpaikI eka avatAra mAnale Ahe. tyAtalyA 'rajasA upapluto ayaM avatAraH / ' yA udgArAta RSabhadevAMcA dhuLIne mAkhale asaNyAcA ullekha Ahe. bhagavAna RSabhadevAMcI stutI manusmRtImadhyehI khAlIlapramANe ADhaLate. aSTaSaSTivu tIrtheSu yAtrAyAM yatphalaM bhavet / zrI AdinAthasya devasya smaraNenApi tadbhaveta / / tyAcapramANe zivapurANa, AgneyapurANa, brahmANDapurANa, viSNupurANa, nAradapurANa Adi purANAtahI RSabhadevAMcA ullekha tara Aheca. tyAcabarobara tyAMcyA jIvanAtalyA ghaTanAhI dilyA Aheta. (2) mohanajodAro (i.sa.pU. 6000) yAcyA utkhananAta RSabhadevAMcI mUrtI sApaDalI hotI. tI mUrtI RSabhadevAMcI hotI he azAkaritA kI mUrtIcyA khAlI vRSabhAcI AkRtI hotI jI tyAMcI khUNa Ahe. yA sagaLyA goSTI lakSAta gheUna RSabhadevAMcA kALa hA mAnavAcyA susaMskRtapaNAcyA suravAtIcA kALa hotA he mAnya karAve lAgate. tyAvarUna tyAMce prAcInatva siddha hote. itara nirIkSaNe : 24 tIrthaMkarAMpaikI kevaLa RSabhadevaca ase tIrthaMkara hoUna gele kI jyAMnI aSTApada arthAt kailAsa parvatAvara aMtima tapasyA karUna tethUna nirvANapada prApta kele. tyAMce jaTAdhArI svarUpa, kailAsa parvatAvarIla dhyAnastha avasthA, naMdIzI asaNAre vRSabhAce cihna taseca vRSabhadevAMnA jasA pitA, patnI, putra asA parivAra hotA tasAca paurANika zaMkarAlAhI hotA. tyAcapramANe zaMkarAcA smazAnanivAsa ANi bhasmalepana he aMzahI RSabhadevAMcyA varNanAtUna ghetale asaNyAcI zakyatA nAkAratA yeta nAhI. tyAmuLe jaina abhyAsakAMce ase mata Ahe kI RSabhadevAMcyA vyaktimatvAce kAhI aMza uttarakAlIna, paurANika ziva devatecyA varNanAta samAviSTa kele asAveta. pratyekabuddha athavA svayaMsaMbuddha rAje : gRhasthAzramAta rAhUna gurUMcyA upadezAzivAya, ekhAdyA prasaMgAce kiMvA vastUce nimitta hoUna kAhI rAje virakta jhAle va tyAMnA bodhi prApta jhAlI. naMtara tyAMnI svata:ca dIkSA ghetalI va lokAMnA upadeza na detA zarIrAcA aMta karUna te mokSAlA gele. azA rAjAMnA pratyekabuddha athavA svayaMsaMbuddha ase saMbodhale jAte. he pratyekabuddha ekAkI vihAra karaNAre asatAta va te gacchAvAsAta rahAta nAhIta. uttarAdhyayana yA mUlasUtrAcyA 18 vyA adhyAyAta cAra pratyekabuddhAMcA ullekha ADhaLato. to asA - karakaMDu kaliMgesu, paMcAlesu ya dummuho / namI rAyA videhesu, gaMdhAresu ya naggaI / / (utta. 18.46) ee nariMdevasabhA, NikkhatA jiNasAsaNe / putte rajje ThavittANaM, sAmaNNe pajjuvaTTiyA / / (utta. 18.47) arthAt kaliMga dezAcA karakaMDu, pAMcAla dezAcA dvimukha, videha dezAcA namIrAjA tara gAMdhAra dezAcA nagga rAjA, he cAra zreSTha rAje ApalyA putrAMvara rAjyakArabhAra sopavUna jinazAsanAta pravrajyA ghete jhAle va zramaNadharmA samyak prakArAne sthira jhAle. zvetAMbara saMpradAyAta yA cAra pratyekabuddhAMvara kathA dilelyA ADhaLatAta. uttarAdhyayana sUtrAvarIla sukhabodhATIkA

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yA 11 vyA zatakAta A. devedragaNi yAMnI lihilelyA graMthAta yA kathA AlelyA Aheta. bauddhAMcyA kummakArajAtaka yA pAlisAhityAta yA cAra rAjAMnA pratyekabuddha mAnUna yAMcyAvara kathA dilelyA Aheta (jAtakakathA kra.408). bauddha loka yA cArahI rAjAMnA mahAtmA buddhAMcyA agodara hoUna gelyAce mAnatAta. yAtIla karakaMDu rAjA pArzvanAtha saMparetalA jaina asaNyAcI dATa zakyatA Ahe. taseca he cArahI rAje samakAlIna hote. yA pratyekabuddhAMcA kALa bha. pArzvanAtha va bha. mahAvIra yAMcyA madhalA kALa mAnalA jAto jo 250 varSAMcA Ahe. yA pratyekabuddhAMvara prAkRtamadhye pratyekabuddhacarita' hA i.sa. 13 vyA zatakAta lihilelA zrI tilakasUriracita graMtha ADhaLato. saMskRtamadhye pratyekabuddha mahArAjarSi catuSkacaritra' hA jinalakSmIkRta graMtha ADhaLato. kanakAmara mumI yAMnI apabhraMza bhASeta karakaMDucariu' hA graMtha i.sa.cyA 11 vyA zatakAta lihilA Ahe. ___yA caughAMcyA paikI, digaMbara sAhityAta mAtra phakta karakaMDUceca caritra ADhaLate. paraMtu digaMbarAMnI karakaMDUlA pratyekabuddha ase saMbodhalele ADhaLata nAhI. ___ yA cAra rAjAMvyatirikta itarahI aneka buddha hoUna gelyAce ADhaLate. RSibhASita yA graMthAta yA pratyekabuddhAMcI ekUNa saMkhyA 45 dilI Ahe. tyAtale 200 neminAthAMcyA, 15 pArzvanAthAMcyA tara 10 pratyekabuddha mahAvIrAMcyA tIrthakALAta jhAlele dAkhavile Aheta. varIla cAra rAjAMvyatirikta aMbaDa, kUrmAputra, dhannA, zAlibhadra AdIMcI nAve yAta ADhaLatAta. rAjapadAvara rAhUna jaina dharmAcA prasAra karaNAre prAcIna rAje : kaliMga dezAcA rAjA samrATa khAravela hA i.sa.pU. pahilyA zatakAta hoUna gelA. to cedi mahAmeghavAhana vaMzAcA hotA. to atizaya zUra va parAkramI hotA. tyAne kaliMga dezAlA eka sudRDha va zaktizAlI rAjya banavile. he rAjya gaMgApAsUna te godAvarIparyaMta vistRta hote. khAravela rAjAcA janma jaina parivArAtaca jhAlA hotA. tyAmuLe to janmata:ca jaina hotA. paraMtu jainadharmI asUnahI tyAcA itara dharmAMpratI udAra dRSTikona hotA. bauddha dharmAvarahI tyAce prema hote. kiMbahunA samasAmAyika kaliMgAvarabauddha dharmAcA prabhAva vADhaNyAce tehI eka kAraNa mAnatA yeIla. kaliMga dezAlA jaina dharmAcI paraMparA i.sa.pU. 5 vyA zatakAta hoUna gelelyA karakaMDu rAjAkaDUna miLAlI hotI. karakaMDacyA kALI pArzvanAthAMcA cAturyAma dharma pracalita hotA. bhuvanezvara javaLIla udayagirI parvatAta hAthI guphA Ahe. tyA gupheta chatAvara rAjA khAravela yAne brAhmI lipImadhye eka zilAlekha koralelA Ahe. tyAvarUna khAravela rAjAcI mAhitI miLate. yA zilAlekhAta khAravela rAjAcyA 13 varSAMcyA rAjyakArakIrdIcA ADhAvA ghetalelA disato. zilAlekhAvarUna rAjA khAravelane jaina dharmAcyA saMsthApanece va prasArAce pramukha kArya kelyAce disate. rAjyapadAvara AlyAvara tyAne jaina tIrtha mathurelA yavanAcyA tAvaDItUna mukta kale ase lihilele Ahe. zilAlekhAvarUna tyAkALacyA sAMskRtika va sAmAjika jIvanAvara prakAza paDato. rAjyAmadhye saMgIta, nRtya, utsava AdIMce Ayojana kele jAta hote. khAravela svata: krIDA va saMgItapremI asalyAce tyAta mhaTale Ahe. strI, puruSa doghehI alaMkArapriya hote. dhanika loka ApalyA pagaDyAMnAhI alaMkAra ghAlIta. striyAMnA rAjyAta mAna hotA. tyA patIbarobara utsavAta sahabhAgI hota. ekaTyA striyA rAjapathAvara azvArUDha va gajArUDha hota. tyA nRtya, saMgIta, vAdana AdIMmadhyehI pravINa hotyA. kaliMga dezAta zastrAstre nirmANa kelI jAta hotI. zetIbarobaraca pazupAlana hAhI eka pragata vyavasAya hotA. tyAkALacyA citrAMvarUna roma dezAbarobara kaliMga dezAcA vyApAra cAlU hotA va romamadhIla bhAMDI kaliMgAmadhye AyAta kelelI hotI ase disate. dusarA rAjA kumArapAla hA gujarAthetIla aNahilla nagarAcA rAjA hotA. to cAlukyavaMzIya hotA. va i.sa. 12

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vyA zatakAta rAjya karIta hotA. tohI atizaya zUra va parAkramI hotA. taseca to atizaya huzAra va udAramatavAdI hotA. nyAyAne rAjya karIta hotA. sukhI jIvanAkaritA kharA dharma jANUna gheNyAcI tyAlA utkaMThA hotI va prabaLa icchA hotI. gujarAtheta AlelyA jaina AcArya hemacaMdrasUri yAMcyA prabhAvAne tyAne jainadharma svIkAralA va tyAcA sarvAMgAne prasAra kelA. AcArya hemacaMdrAMnI kumArapAla rAjAlA kathAMdvAre upadeza dilA. prANyAMcI hiMsA, chUta, mAMsAhAra, madyapAna, vezyAgamana i. sapta vyasanAMce bhayAnaka pariNAma tyAMnI dAkhavUna dile. evaDheca nAhI tara rAjAlA yA vyasanAMnA rAjyAta baMdI ghAlaNyAkaritA sAMgUna tasA rAjAdezahI kADhavilA. khare deva, khare gurU va kharA dharma yAviSayI sAMgUna itara dharmatale mithyAtva va aMdhazraddhA dAkhavUna dilI. yAkAraNAne kumArapAlarAjA zraddhAyukta hoUna jainadharmAkaDe oDhalA gelA. ____ kumArapAla rAjAne naMtara rAjyAta jaina maMdire ubhAralI. tyAMnA svata: bheTI deU lAgalA. aSTAhnikAMsArakhe jainAMce utsava sAjare karU lAgalA tyAne aneka samAjopayogI kAme kelI. durbala ghaTakAMkaritA anna va vastre deNyAcI vyavasthA kelI. dhArmika kRtyAMkaritA pauSadhazALA nirmANa kelyA. giranAra parvatAvarIla jaina maMdirAkaDe jANyAkaritA pAyar2yA bAMdhalyA. ___ kumArapAla rAjAne AcArya hemacaMdrAMkaDUna 12 zrAvaka vrate grahaNa kelI. mareparyaMta tyAne tyAMce niSThApUrvaka AcaraNa kele. kumArapAla rAjAcyA mRtyUnaMtara sumAre 11 varSAMnI AcArya hemacaMdrAMce ziSya somaprabhasUri yAMnI 'kumArapAlapratibodha' yA graMthAcI racanA kelI. yAta A. hemacaMdrAMnI kumArapAla rAjAlA upadeza detAnA sAMgitalelyA kathA grathita kelyA Aheta. yA graMthAcI bhASA jaina mahArASTrI asUna yAtIla kAhI prastAva saMskRta va apabhraMza bhASeta Aheta. yAvarUna somaprabhasUrIMcI prakAMDa paMDitatA va vividha bhASAMvarace prabhutva disate. yA graMthAta saptavyasanAMsahita ekUNa 54 kathA Aheta. yA kathA atizaya raMjaka va bodhaprada Aheta. ___ jaina purANAtIla rAjAMcA vicAra karatAnA vara ullekhilelyA cAra rAjAMcA prAmukhyAne vicAra kelA. tyA pAThImAgIla kAraNamImAMsA azI Ahe. ___ bhadrabAhUracita kalpasUtrAta vRSabha, ariSTanemi, pArzvanAtha, mahAvIra azA cAra tIrthaMkarAMcI caritre dilI Aheta. uralelyA 20 tIrthaMkarAMbaddala phArazI mAhitI upalabdha nAhI. yA cAra tIrthaMkarAMpaikI kSatriya rAje mhaNUna RSabhadevAce nAva ghetale jAte. taseca te ghetale jAte te tyAMcyA kartRtvAbaddalahI. dusare kAraNa ase kI RSabhadevAMnA vaidika, jaina, bauddha azA tinhI sAhityAta puSTI miLAlelI disate. rAjA mhaNUna va dharmAcA prasAra karaNAre mhaNUna RSabhadevAMbaddala vara mAhitI dilI Ahe. karakaMDu, nami, dvimukha va naggati azA cAra pratyekabuddhAMcA ullekha uttarAdhyayanasUtrAta kelelA ADhaLato. yA caughAMnA jaina va bauddha dharmAta mAnyatAhI Ahe. tarIhI karakaMDu rAjA pArzvanAthAMcyA kALAtalA jaina rAjA asaNyAcI dATa zakyatA Ahe. taseca apabhraMza bhASeta karakaMDucariu hA graMthahI upalabdha asalyAne tyAcyAbaddala adhika mAhitI miLate. khAravela hA sarvAta junA jaina paraMparA asalelA va zilAlekhI purAvA asalelA ekameva rAjA hoya. jaina kathAMmadhye caMdragupta va cANakya yAMce varNana jaina mhaNUna kelele disate. yA doghAMnIhI dIkSA ghetalI. caMdragupta A.bhadrabAhUMbarobara karnATakAta zravaNabeLagoLa yethe AlA. tethe caMdraguMphemadhye tyAne saMthArA vrata dhAraNa kele. Adi vRttAMta jaina yAgraMthAMmadhye ADhaLatAta. paraMtu caMdragupta hA pratyakSa jaina dharmAvalaMbI asalyAce itihAsakAra mAnIta nAhIta. yA pArzvabhUmIvara sarva itihAsakArAMnI samrATa khAravela yAMce jaina dharmAvalaMbana mAnya kele Ahe va tyAceca zilAlekhahI asalyAce mAnya kele Ahe. tyAmuLe tyAcI mAhitI vara dilI Ahe. prAcIna itihAsAcyA tulaneta tyAmAnAne arvAcIna kALAta mhaNaje isavI sanAcyA 12 vyA zatakAta hoUna gelelA cAlukyavaMzIya rAjA kumArapAla yAcI aitihAsikatA sarva itihAsakArAMnI mAnya kelI Ahe. vAGmayAcyA AdhAre aitihAsikatecA zodha gheNe he kAma atizaya avaghaDa Ahe. azA paristhitIta jaina

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vAGmayAcyA AdhAre jyAMcI aitihAsikatA niSpakSatene mAnya karatA yete azA rAjAMcyA kAryakartRtvAcA ADhAvA prastuta zodhanibaMdhAta gheNyAcA prayatna kelA Ahe. saMdarbha-graMtha-sUcI 1) prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa - DaoN. jagadIzacaMdra jaina 2) jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa - DaoN. gulAbacaMdra caudharI, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodhasaMsthAna, vArANasI 3) mahApurANa bhAga 1 va 2 - DaoN. deveMdrakumAra jaina 4) triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita - anuvAdaka zrI gaNeza lalavANI evaM zrImatI rAjakumArI begAnI 5) uttarAdhyayanasUtra 6) RSabhadeva : eka parizIlana - deveMdramunI zAstrI 7) karakaMDucariu - DaoN. hirAlAla jaina 8) prAkRta sAhityAcA saMkSipta itihAsa - sanmati-tIrtha prakAzana 9) kumArapAlapratibodha - saM. Ara.TI.vyAsa (gAyakavADa orienTala serIja - 14), somaprabhAcArya 10) khAravela - zrI. sadAnaMda agravAla (zrI digaMbara jaina samAja, kaTaka) 11) Ao, jaina dharma ko jAne - pravINacaMda jaina ** ********

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14. jaina tattvajJAna ANi jaina samAjAtIla parivartane (mahArASTra tattvajJAna pariSada, muMbaI yethe vizeSa vyAkhyAna, novheMbara 2010) (1) prastAvanA : samAjAcI parivartanazIlatA ; parivartanazIlatelA jaina tattvajJAnAta sthAna ApalyA AjUbAjUce jaga, vastU, vyaktI, ghaTanA sarvAMmadhye satata badala cAlU Aheta. kAhI badala maMda tara kAhI zIghra Aheta. badalAMcyA akhaMDa mAlikene DoLyAta bharaNArI pRthagAtmakatA jyAne jANavate tyAlA ApaNa 'parivartana' mhaNU yA. sAmAnyata: azI apekSA kelI jAte kI dharmAcaraNAmadhye azI parivartanazIlatA asAvI. paraMtu tI itakIhI nasAvI kI jine dharmAlA AdhArabhUta caukaTa deNAr2yA siddhAMtAMnA, tattvAMnA dhakkA basela. jaina paraMparece ase vaiziSTya Ahe kI badala, parivartanazIlatA ANi 'dhrauvya' yA dohoMnA tine ApalyA mUlabhUta DhAcAtaca kauzalyAne viNUna Thevale Ahe. 'sat' mhaNaje reality'ce svarUpaca jaina darzanAne kUTastha nitya' na mAnatA 'utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyayukta sat' ase mAnale Ahe. azI 'sat' dravye ekUNa sahA mAnalI Aheta. jagAtIla khar2yAkhur2yA astitvAta asaNAr2yA goSTIMcI vibhAgaNI SaD-dravyAMmadhye kelI Ahe. dravyAcI vyAkhyA-'guNaparyAyavad dravyam' azI Ahe. yAtIla 'paryAya' saMkalpaneta avasthAMtare, badala, parivartane yAlA bhakkama saiddhAMtika pArzvabhUmI Ahe. ____ vastUkaDe (vyaktIkaDe, ghaTanAMkaDe) pAhaNyAce cAra 'nikSepa'hI parivartanazIlatelA vAva deNAre Aheta. te mhaNaje dravya-kSetra-kAla-bhAva. anekAntavAdAcA siddhAMta tara theory of non-absolutism' agara theory of relativity mhaNUna suprasiddha Ahe. tyAcA adhika vistAra na karatA mhaNena kI 'jainatva abAdhita rAkhaNAre ghaTaka' ANi 'jaina samAjAtIla kAlAnusAra parivartane' yA dona mudyAMcA vicAra ANi tyAtIla susaMgatI dAkhavaNe he AjacyA mAjhyA bhASaNAce prayojana Ahe. (2) jainavidyekaDe pAhaNyAce abhyAsakAMce june prArUpa (model). te badalaNyAcI AvazyakatA ___ "muLAtalA jainadharma hA atyaMta saiddhAMtika, mUlagAmI va kaDaka asUna, sAhityAta, samAjAta ANi kalAnirmitIta, kelyA gelelyA taDajoDI hI sarva 'bhraSTarUpe' Aheta"-ase eka prArUpa jainavidyece dezI-videzI abhyAsaka, kayAsamora ThevUna mUlyAMkana karIta asata. gelyA dazakAta mhaNaje 21 vyA zatakAcyA AraMbhApAsUna he vaicArika prArUpa badalaNyAca AvazyakatA, abhyAsakAMnA vATU lAgalI. DaoN. jaoNna I. korTa, DaoN. paoNla DUnDAsa i. pAzcAtya vicAravaMtAMnI navIna vicArasaraNI prathama dRSTipathAta ANalI. vaidika dharmApAsUna purANAtIla hiMdudharmAparyaMta, tyA paraMpareta je badala, parivartane va avasthAMtare jhAlI, tyAcI aneka abhyAsakAMnI 'lavacika', 'samanvayavAdI' azA zabdAta bhalAvaNa kelI. hiMdUcyA vikasanazIla daivatazAstrAcA cikitsaka abhyAsa kelA. navIna badalAMnA svIkRtI dilI. __ hiMdU samAjAcyA atyaMta nikaTa rAhaNAr2yA, jaina samAjAne mAtra jyA cAlIrItI, zraddhA va devadevatA svIkAralyA, tyAbaddala jainAMmadhalyA sanAtanyAMnI pAkhaMDa mhaNUna hiNavale. vicAravaMtAMnIhI 'jainIkaraNa' 'jainIkaraNa' azI dUSaNe lAvalI. jainadharma ANi hiMdudharma yAMnA ase dona vegaLe nikaSa lAvAyace kA ? 'he sarva badala bAhya AcArabadala Aheta kI siddhAMtAzIhI taDajoDa kelI Ahe, yAcA punarvicAra hoNe atyaMta jarUrIce Ahe. (3) jaina tattvajJAna, dharma va AcAra TikaviNyAce mukhya AdhAra - 1) kuTuMba 2) svAdhyAya maMDaLe 3) sAdhusAdhvI varga aupacArika zikSaNa paddhatItUna jaina tattvajJAna, dharma va AcAra yAMce miLaNAre mArgadarzana javaLa-javaLa nagaNya Ahe. samAjahI alpasaMkhya Ahe. tarIhI he tinhI avyAhatapaNe 2600-2700 varSe TikUna rAhaNyAce mukhya AdhAra, vara varNana kelele tIna pramukha AdhArastaMbha Aheta. he AvhAna kharokharaca avaghaDa Ahe. dharmAcaraNAcI va siddhAMtAMcI

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mUlabhUta AvaDa asalyAzivAya, he TikUna rAhaNe duSkara Ahe. tyAmuLeca dravya-kSetra - kAla-bhAvAnusAra kAhI taDajoDa karataca, yA dharmAce astitva TikUna rAhile. (4) koNatyA goSTIMmuLe jaina samAja hiMdU bAMdhavAMcyA agadI javaLa AlA asA AbhAsa nirmANa hoto ? 1) maMdire, mUrtI, pratiSThA, pUjA : 'saiddhAMtika dRSTIne nirIzvaravAdI asalelyA jainadharmIyAMnI maMdire, mUrtI, pratiSThA, pUjA i. nA ApalyA dharmAta kA bare sthAna dile ?' - asA kaLIcA prazna vAraMvAra vicAralA jAto. hiMdudharmAcA yAMvarIla prabhAva pUrNa nAkAratA yeNAra nAhI. tathApi maMdirAcyA mukhya gAbhAr2yAta vItarAgI jinAMcI sthApanA karUna, tyAMcyA AdarzarUpa mAnavI guNAMcI pUjA karaNe, hA yAmAgacA spaSTa hetU Ahe. bhaktI, zraddhA, pUjA yAMnA sthAna asale tarI te puNyabaMdhakAraka mAnale Ahe. siddhAMtAnusAra bhaktI, pUjA, guNAnuvAda, dAna i. sarva kRtye puNya bAMdhatAta paraMtu karmAMcI nirjarA karU zakata nAhIta. tyAsAThI jJAnapUrvaka kelelyA tapasyecI, zuddha AcaraNAcI ANi saMyamita vRttIMcI AvazyakatA Ahe, he pratyeka jaina vyaktI prAya: samajUnaca asate. yakSa-yakSiNI, vidyAdevatA, zAsanadevatA i. muLe kadAcita aihika lAbha hoU zakatIla (arthAt tehI karmaphalAnusAra). paraMtu AdhyAtmika pragatIsAThI devadevatA pUjana pratyakSa sahAyyabhUta hoU zakata nAhI. 2) saNa-vAra- utsavAta sahabhAga : hiMdU bAMdhavAMcyA saNa-vAra-utsavAta jaina bAMdhavAMcA sahabhAga hA nivvaLa sAmAjika kAraNAne asato, dhArmika navhe. arthAtaca kAhI apavAda asU zakatAta. akSayatRtIyA, divALI i. prasaMgI AvarjUna, jaina itihAsAtIla vyaktIMce va ghaTanAMce smaraNa kele jAte. 3) cAturmAsa va itara vrate : hiMdUMcyA va jainAMcyA cAturmAsAcyA paddhatIta sAmprata kALAtahI barAca pharaka disato. jainAMcyA cAturmAsAta tapa ANi upavAsAlA vizeSa mahattva asate. hiMdU vrate prAya: pUjAvidhI va bhojanavidhIcyA saMbaMdhita asatAta. muLAtaca 'vrata' hA zabda jaina paraMpareta mahAvrate va zrAvakavrate (aNuvrate) yAMcyAzIca joDalelA Ahe. icchita goSTIcyA pratIsAThI kelelI tAtkAlika vrate jainAMmadhye tyAmAnAne atyalpa Aheta. tyApekSA dainaMdina, cAturmAsika athavA vArSika niyama grahaNa karUna to pALaNyAkaDe adhika kala disato. 4) aneka saMpradAya - upasaMpradAya : anekAMtavAdI jainadharmAtIla zvetAMbara - digaMbara matabheda ANi phATAphUTa hoUna nighAlele itara saMpradAya, yAbaddala abhyAsaka anekadA AkSepa ghetAta. phATAphuTIce samarthana karaNyAcA yethe uddeza nAhI. paraMtu zaiva, vaiSNava, mAhezvarI, liMgAyata, nAthapaMthI, vArakarI, rAmAnujI ANi itarahI asaMkhya upasaMpradAya asUnahI, jevhA te sarvajaNa hiMdU mhaNUna saMbodhale jAtAta, tevhA samAna saiddhAMtika AdhAra asaNAre saMpradAya aneka asale tarI, jainadharmAcyA ekatvAlA bAdhA yeNyAce kAhIca kAraNa nAhI. zivAya Adhunika kALAta yAca kAraNAsAThI dharma ANi jAta yA donhI zIrSakAkhAlI phakta 'jaina' ase lihAve, ase AvhAna karaNyAta yete. tyAlA uttama pratisAdahI miLata Ahe kAraNa jaina yuvApiDhIlA saMpradAya-upasaMpradAyAtIla hI teDha ajibAta mAnya nAhI. yetyA dazakabharAtaca tyAce pariNAma disaNyAcI suci jANavU lAgalI Aheta.

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(5) vyApAra va zetIvyavasAyAmuLe nirmANa jhAlelI aMgabhUta vaiziSTye a) sAkSaratece sarvAdhika pramANa : bhAratIya janagaNanecyA ahavAlAnusAra jaina samAjAta sAkSaratece pramANa sarvAdhika Ahe. tyAtahI mahilAMcyA sAkSaratece pramANa javaLa-javaLa zata-pratizata Ahe. vyApAra ANi hizeba ThevaNe hI tara kAraNe Ahetaca paraMtu AdinAtha RSabhadevAMnI ApalyA kanyA brAhmI va suMdarI yAMnA lipI vijJAna ANi gaNita yAMce zikSaNa dile hote, hI aitihAsika dhAraNAhI yAmAgacI pArzvabhUmI asAvI. ba) jethe jAtIla tethIla samAjAzI ekarUpa : bha. mahAvIrAMcyA kAryapravRttI prAmukhyAne magadhAta hotyA mhaNaje aMga-vaMga ANi kaliMga yA prAcIna bhAratIya pradezAta to sarvaprathama pasaralA. jaina itihAsAnusAra tyAnaMtara to pazcimekaDe va dakSiNekaDehI prasRta jhAlA. vizeSa goSTa azI kI vyApArAmuLe va dhADasI svabhAvAmuLe jaina samAja bhAratabhara va bhAratAbAherahI pasarata rAhilA. viziSTa pradezAzI nigaDita nasalyAmuLe, tyA tyA pradezAcI bhASA, cAlIrItI, poSAkha i. hI svIkArIta gelA. evaDhe sAmAjika abhisaraNa hoUnahI jainadharmIyAMnI ApalI pRthagAtmakatA neTAne japalI. ka) bhASika vaiziSTye : dharma ANi AcAra hA samAjAcyA sarva starAMparyaMta pohocaNyAsAThIca, jaina tIrthaMkarAMnI Apale upadeza 'prAkRta' bhASemadhye dile hote. bha. mahAvIrAMce prAcIna upadeza 'ardhamAgadhI' bhASeta Aheta. prAkRta yA bolIbhASA asalyAmuLe tyA saMpUrNa bhAratAta AraMbhApAsUnaca vividha hotyA. bhASecI sthaLAnusAra ANi kALAnusAra hoNArI sagaLI parivartane, jainadharmAne sakArAtmakatene svIkAralI. ardhamAgadhI, zaurasenI, mahArASTrI, saMskRta ANi apabhraMza yA pAcahI bhASetUna graMthanirmitI kelI. 10 vyA zatakAnaMtara gujarAtI, hiMdI, marAThI kannaDa yA cAra bhASAMmadhIla mULa sAhityAlA bharIva yogadAna dile. mahattvAcI goSTa azI kI, Apale sarva mUlagAmI tattvajJAna veLoveLI tyAMnI yA bhASAMcyA mAdhyamAtUna samAjAparyaMta jhirapavale. jaina samAjAce he vaiziSTyaca Ahe kI to tIna-cAra bhASA tarI sahajapaNe bolU zakato. arthAtaca bahubhASitvAce he varadAna jaina sAdhu-sAdhvI-vargAmadhye tara adhikaca vizeSatvAne disate. Da) rAjakIya praNAlIMzI sAmopacArAce dhoraNa : jainAMcA prAcIna, madhyayugIna ANi Adhunika bhAratIya itihAsa vAcatAnA he jANavate kI, yA tinhI kALAta tyAMnI rAjakIya praNAlIMzI sAmopacArAce dhoraNa Thevale. i.sa.pUrva 200 madhye hoUna gelelA samrATa khAravela' janmAne jaina hotA ase kaliMga arthAta Adhunika orisAtIla hAthIguMphA' zilAlekhAvarUna spaSTa hote. gujarAtetIla zaivArajA, vanarAja cAvaDA jainAnukUla hotA. cAlukya rAjA kumArapAla pUrNataH jaina zrAvaka hotA. dakSiNetIla kadaMba, gaMga, rASTrakUTa, cAlukya ANi hoyasALa he rAjehI jaina sAdhuvarga va zrAvakavargAlA anukUla hote. hyA sarva rAjavaTIta rAjakIya praNAlIMzI sAmopacArAce dhoraNa ThevaNe tyAmAnAne sope hote. mughala rAjAMcyA AkramaNAnaMtara tapAgaccha ANi 'kharataragacchA'cyA sAdhuvargAne tyAMcyAzI salokhyAce saMbaMdha Thevale. jinaprabhasUrIMcyA aMgI asalelyA zaktI va siddhIMcA prabhAva, 'mahammada taghalakA'vara hotA ase disUna yete. tyAmuLeca jinaprabhasUrIMnI mughala rAjavaTa cAlU asatAnAhI, aneka jaina maMdirAMcyA ubhAraNIta puDhAkAra gheUna jainasaMghAcI va dharmAcI khUpa prabhAvanA kelI. tyAcyA AzrayAne 'vividhatIrthakalpa'sArakhyA vaiziSTyapUrNa sAhityAcI nirmitIhI kelI. 16 vyA zatakAta samrATa akabarA'cA darabArAta A. 'hIravijayasUrIMnA sanmAnAce sthAna hote. samrATa akabarAne ApalyA saMpUrNa sAmrAjyAta paryuSaNaparvakLAta kattalakhAne baMda ThevaNyAcI AjJA dilI hotI. zikArIlAhI baMdI ghAtalI hotI. bAdazAha jahAMgira'nehI akabarAnaMtara heca dhoraNa Thevale hote. 20 vyA zatakAcyA prAraMbhI hoUna gelelyA baDodyAcyA sayAjIrAva gAyakavADAMvarahI

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tapAgacchAcyA 'buddhisAgarasUrIM'cyA ahiMsAvicArAcA pagaDA hotA. ___puDhIla kALAta jaina ANi yuropiyana yAMce sAmAjika, Arthika saMbaMdha nehamIca salokhyAce rAhile. briTIza rAjavaTItahI jaina samAjAne Bankers, Traders and Merchants yAMcyA rUpAne Arthika kSetrAta cAMgalI kAmagirI bajAvalI. 19 vyA zatakAcyA uttarArdhApAsUna briTana, AphrikA ANi amerikA yA khaMDAta vyApArAnimitta pohocalele loka bahutAMzI jainaca hote. yA khaMDAta pohocalyAnaMtara tyAMnI ApoApaca saMghaTanA bAMdhUna, maMdiranirmitI vaabhyAsakeMdre sthApalI. yazasvI vyApArAbarobaraca zAkAhAra, ahiMsA ANi zAMtatA yAMcyA prasArAce kAma, ApApalyA zaktInusAra cAlU Thevale. ___ yA saMkSipta itihAsAvarUna ase disUna yete kI sAmopacArAce dhoraNa ThevaNyAsAThI, svata:ta veLoveLI badala ghaDavUna ANaNyAcI jI zaktI lAgate, tI jainAMnI paraMparAgata dharmAtUna cAlata AlelyA tattvajJAnAcyA caukaTItUna miLavilI. (6) parivartane cAlU asatAnAca jainAMnI japalele 'jainatva' : ___ vara vara pAhatA samAjAzI ekarUpa jhAlyAsArakhe disaNAre jaina loka, koNakoNatyA bAbatIta ApalyA jainatvAcI cihna japUna Aheta, yA viSayAce kAhI mudde, mAjhyA 25 varSAMcyA nirIkSaNAcyA AdhAre namUda karIta Ahe. 1) ahiMsece AhArAta pratyakSIkaraNa : ahiMsAtattvAcA dainaMdina vyavahArAta sUkSma vApara karata asatAnA, jainAMnI prathama svata:cyA AhArAta pUrNa ahiMsA ANalI. zAkAhArAcyA aMtargatahI pratyeka vanaspatijIvAcA sUkSma vicAra karUna, aneka prakAracyA saMyama va maryAdA sAMgitalyA. Adhunika kALAtahI deza-videzI mizanarI vRttIne zAkAhAra caLavaLa cAlU ThevalI. tyA caLavaLIlA sakArAtmaka pAThiMbAhI miLata Ahe. 2) 'ApalA samAja'-azI saMghabhAvanA : sAmAjikatA japata asatAnAca svata: alpasaMkhya asalyAmuLe dharmAcyA samAnatecyA AdhAre, choTyA-moThyA saMghaTanA ubhyA karUna, tyA dvAre ApalyA ANi itara samAjAcyA hitAcI kAme karaNyAcI eka sarvasAdhAraNa pravRttI, jaina mANasAmadhye mUlata:ca rujalelI asate. dharma ANi AcAra TikUna rAhaNyAsAThI, azA choTyA-moThyA saMghaTanA ApoApaca kAryarata asatAta. 3) sAdhu-sAdhvI vargAce tulanene kATekora AcaraNa : pAyI vihAra, vastra-pAtra maryAdA, sacitta sevanAcA tyAga, rAtribhojanatyAga i. aneka prakArace kaDaka athavA kaThora AcaraNa itara dharmIyAMcyA tulaneta, jaina sAdhu-sAdhvIvarga kATekorapaNe karIta asalelA disato. veLoveLI yAmadhye zithilatA ANaNyAcI carcAhI hota rAhate. paraMtu jainatva japaNyAsAThI aMtimataH he kaDaka AcaraNa upayuktaca Tharate. 4) dAna-madata-sevA yAMce saiddhAMtika sthAna : 'jIvo jIvasya jIvanam' yA vacanAmadhye 'ekAne dusar2yAcyA jivAvara jagaNe', asA bhAva vizeSatvAne disato. jaina tattvajJAnAta jIvAce kAryAnusArI lakSaNa detAnA 'parasparopagraho jIvAnAm' ase dile jAte. yA lakSaNAta sarva prakAracyA jIvajAtIprajAtIMnI ekamekAMnA jagAyalA paraspara sahakArya karaNyAcA bhAva asalyAmuLe arthAtaca dAna, madata, sevA i.nA bhakkama saiddhAMtika AdhAra lAbhato. pariNAmI sarva prakAracyA Arthika starAtIla jaina vyaktIMnA manApAsUna dAna deNyAcI urmI vizeSa karUna disUna yete.

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5) 'paMdharA karmAdAna' arthAt niSiddha vyavasAya : jaina zrAvakAcArAta, 'koNate vyavasAya karAveta va koNate karU nayeta', yAbAbata mArgadarzana ADhaLate. zrAvakAcArAtIla paMdharAhI niSiddha vyavasAya Adhunika paristhitIta niSiddha TharavatA yeta nAhIta. tarIhI madya, mAMsa, kAtaDe, ziMga, kesa, rezIma, hastidaMta, mAsemArI i. pratyakSa hiMsAdhAra vyavasAyAMmadhye jaina vyaktI sahajI praveza karIta nAhI. niSiddha vyavasAyAMviSayIce he saMketa bar2yAca aMzI pALalyAmuLe, jainetarAMnA he prAMta khule rAhile. pariNAmI vyApaka samAjahitAcyA dRSTIne te hitakArakaca Tharale. 6) tapa, upavAsa va niyama grahaNa yAMnA vizeSa sthAna : ____ mahAvratAMce pUrNa pAlana karaNe, zrAvakAlA zakya nasalyAne yathAzaktI dharma pAlana karaNArA pratyeka zrAvaka, prAya: viziSTa dhArmika kAlAvadhIta tarI nakkIca tapa, upavAsa athavA viziSTa goSTIMcyA tyAgAcA niyama grahaNa karato. ase yathAzaktI niyama pAlana 'jainatvA'cI oLakha mhaNUnaca gaNalI pAhije. 7) kSamApanA : paryuSaNaparvAnaMtara jaina samAjAkaDUna pALalA jANArA kSamApanecA divasa hA saMvarAce sAdhana asalelyA dazavidhadharmApekI eka sadguNa jo kSamA'-tyAcyA AcArAtmaka pratibiMbAvara AdhAralelA Ahe. 8) zrAddha, pitara, piMDa va itara tatsama cAlIrItIMcA abhAva : vedakALApAsUna Adhunika kALAparyaMta zrAddha, pitara, piMDa, va itara cAlIrItI hA hiMdU samAjAcA eka AvibhAjya ghaTaka banalelA Ahe. zaharIkaraNAmuLe hiMdUsamAjAtIla yA cAlI kAhIzA kamI disata asalyA tarI, madhyama choTI gAve, kheDI i. madhye yAMce prAya: pAlana kele jAte. agadI turaLaka apavAda vagaLatA jaina samAjAne he vidhI ucalalele nAhIta. tyAce kAraNa tyAMcyA punarjanmaviSayaka siddhAMtAta Ahe. jIvAne dehatyAga kelyAnaMtara kAhI kSaNAtaca to dusare zarIra dhAraNa karato. tyAmuLe pitara, piMDa, zrAddha i.nA muLIsuddhA vAva rahAta nAhI. hyA spaSTa saiddhAMtika mAnyateta badala karaNyAcI AvazyakatA jaina samAjAlA koNatyAhI kALAta vATalI nAhI. 9) jaina tattvajJAnAcA vijJAnAnukUlatecyA dizene abhyAsa : jaina tattvajJAnAcI paryAvaraNarakSaNAlA asalelI anukUlatA, paramANu-siddhAMtAcA navA anvayArtha, gotra-karmAcA AnuvaMzazAstrAzI asalelA saMbaMdha, sammUrchimajIva ANi kloniMga, jaina tattvajJAnAtUna miLaNAre utkrAMtivAdAlA anukUla ase saMketa-hyA ANi azA aneka vaijJAnika dizAMnI jainavidyecyA saMzodhanAce prayatna cAlU Aheta. jainavidyecyA abhyAsAlA Adhunika kALAta miLata cAlalele he abhinava vaLaNa, atyaMta AzAdAyI ANi tattvajJAnAcI mahattA adhorekhita karaNAre Ahe. 7) kALAcyA oghAta nirmANa jhAlele doSa : AttAparyaMtacyA varNanAvarUna ase vATela kI jainatva japaNyAsAThI kelele sarva badala sakArAtmakaca Aheta kI kAya ? arthAtaca he khare nAhI. badala-parivartana karUna gheta asatAnA svAbhAvikapaNe doSa he udbhavaNAraca. ___ 'gahamayura' vRttI, saMpradAya-saMpradAyAta kApaNA-vaimanasya-teDha, Arthika ghoTALyAMzI saMbaMdha, dAnAta daDalelI dimAkha dAkhaviNyAcI vRttI, samAraMbhI baDejAva-DAmaDaula, 'aho rUpaM aho dhvaniH' -azA prakAre puraskArAMcI lacela, sAmAjika pratiSThece daDapaNa, hAva athavA aTTAhAsa, jaina soDUna je itara te pAkhaMDa'-azI vRttI, Arthika bharabharIsAThI sAdhu-buvA-jyotiSAMkaDe ghetalelI dhAva-he ANi itarahI aneka doSa jaina samAjAbAbata dRSTotpattIsa ANUna dile

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jAtAta ANi yetIla. ____ paraMtu yAtIla kityeka doSa ase Aheta kI je kALAcyA oghAta ekaMdara samAjAtaca khatapANI ghAlUna jopAsalele Aheta, kevaLa jaina' asalyAmuLe Alele nAhIta. 'bhraSTAcAra hAca ziSTAcAra' azA sArvatrika naitika adha:patanAcyA kALAta he jaina-he jainetara' azI taphAvata karUna Thokata rahANe ucita navhe. ___ atyaMta varacA malaIdAra stara (creamy layer) ANi nimna stara he vagaLatA sAmAnyata: jaina samAja dharmapremI, kauTuMbika va aMtargata bhAvanika saMbaMdha japaNArA, saMkaTakALI tatparatene madatIsAThI puDhe hoNArA, taDajoDavAdI ANi itarAMzI ekarUpa hotA hotA svata:ce 'jainatva' japaNyAcI tArevaracI kasarata karaNArA asA Ahe. te badala ANi parivartane to sahaja svIkArato je mUlabhUta tattvajJAnAcyA caukaTIzI susaMgata TharatAta. tattvajJAnAce abhyAsaka sAmAnyataH samajatAta tase 'jaina' mhaNaje kevaLa 'jaina darzana' navhe. hI eka svAyatta, prAcIna paraMparA Ahe. tyA paraMparelA ticA mhaNUna khAsa itihAsa, tattvajJAna, sAhitya, AcArapraNAlI ANi kalAnirmitIcI preraNA Ahe. yA sarva prAMtAta jainAMnI bhAratIya saMskRtIlA dilele yogadAna, 'saMkhyAbala' pAhatA, kharokharaca lakSaNIya Ahe !!! **********

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15. jaina cAturmAsa : kAhI nirIkSaNe, prazna va apekSA (svAnaMda mahilA saMsthA, puNe, carcAsatra, jAnevArI 2008) (jaina sAdhu AcArAta, varSabharAcA vihAra thAMbavUna, pAvasALyAce cAra mahine ekA ThikANI rAhaNyAce vidhAna Ahe. bha. mahAvIrAMcyA caritrAta tyAMcyA sAdhu jIvanAtIla 30 cAturmAsAMce varNana ardhamAgadhI va jaina mahArASTrI yAta yete. prastuta lekha hA puNe parisarAtIla zvetAMbara sthAnaka vAsIMcyA cAturmAsAvara prAmukhyAne AdhArita Ahe. yAtIla nirIkSaNe, prazna va apekSA sumAre 100 jaina gRhiNIMcyA carcetUna puDhe AlyA Aheta. vAcakAMnA kAhI mate na paTalyApta tyAvarUna vAdaMga nirmANa karU naye ; hI apekSA.) Aja pracalita asalelA vaidika hiMdU (paurANika, devatApradhAna va bhaktipradhAna) dharma ANi jaina dharma yAMcyAta eravI phArase uThUna na disaNAre bheda cAturmAsAcyA veLI agadI spaSTa disUna yeU lAgatAta. hiMdU striyAMmadhye vrana pUjAMcI lATa usaLate. zrAvaNa-bhAdrapadAta tara pratyeka divazI hiMdU strI saNavArAMsAThI dhAvapaLa karatAnA disate. moThyA zaharAta dhAvapaLIcyA AyuSyAtahI sAmAnyata: striyA, navavivAhita mulI zivAmUTha, maMgaLAgaura, satyanArAyaNa, haritAlikA, gaNezasthApanA-visarjana, anaMtavrata ityAdi vrate karatAnA disatAta. choTyA zaharAta ANi gAvAta tara hI vrate va pUjA adhika utsAhAne va manApAsUna sAjar2yA hotAta. TharAvika divazI khicaDI, bhagara, ratALI i. khAUna upavAsa, saNAvArAla snAna vagaire karUna bharapUra svayaMpAka, naivedya, phaLe-phule-patrI goLA karUna devAlA vahANe ityAdi goSTI surUhotAta. dUradarzanacyA mAlikAMmadhye baghUna-baghUna, taruNa-taruNIhI saNAvArAlA gaNapatI, sAIbAbA azA ThikANI lAMbalacaka rAMgA lAvUna darzana ghetAnA disatAta. jaina gRhiNI mAtra gharAtale vyApa, svayaMpAka kamI karUna sthAnaka-maMdirAtIla kAryakramAMnA. pravacanAMnA hajerI lAvU lAgatAta. paryuSaNAta tara zakyato kaMdamuLe, pAlebhAjyA, moDAcI kaDadhAnye varNya mAnatAta. eravI zAMta asaNAyA sthAnaka va maMdirAta utsAhAcA mahApUra yeto. nimaMtrita sAdhu-sAdhvI TharalelyA ThikANI virAjamAna hotAta. kamiTyA sthApana kelyA jAtAta. supta puruSavargAmadhyehI caitanya saLasaLU lAgate. vargaNyA kADhalyA jAtAta. tyA anekadA lAkhAtIha asU zakatAta. vegavegaLyA kAryakramAMsAThI spaoNnsararsacA zodha ghetalA jAto. vidhipUrvaka upavAsa athavA niyama ghetale jAtAta. moThamoThe maMDapa paDatAta. zekaDo baeNnarsa lAgatAta. dhArmika sAhityAce sTaoNlsa sajatAta. anekAMcyAnAvAnizI pATyA jhaLakU lAgatAta. dhArmika kAryakramAMbarobaraca sAmAjika kAmAMnA, karamaNUkIcyA kAryakramAMnA va zibiAMnAhI udhANa yete. azA prakArace cAturmAsa varSAnuvarSa cAlU Aheta.ApaNa prathama yAce kAhI phAyade pAhU - 1) jaina samUhAlA ekatrita yeNyAce eka ThikANa miLate. ekIbhAvanA TikUna rahAte. 2) pAvasALyAmuLe itaratra phArase hiMDatA phiratA yeta nAhI. tyAmuLe sthAnaka-maMdirAta naTUna-thaTUna jANyAcA utsAha vADhato. 3) yuvaka-yuvatI, lahAna mule i. nA dhArmika prathAMcI mAhitI hote. tyAMcyAvara jaina dharmAce va sAmAjikatece saMskA hotAta. saMyamAce zikSaNa miLate. 4) vegavegaLyA spardhAMmuLe sarvAMcyA kalAguNAMnA vAva miLato. pAritoSike bharapUra asalyAne protsAhana miLate. 5) sAmAjika pratiSThA vADhate. 6) dAna deNyAcI bhAvanA nirmANa hote. 7) netRtvaguNAlA vAva miLato. ekaMdarIta, jarA dhAvapaLa jhAlI tarI cAturmAsa havAhavAsA vATato. carcetUna puDhe AlelI kAhI spaSTa mate va nirIkSaNe : 1) 'koNAcA cAturmAsa adhika yazasvI jhAlA ?' - azA carcA surU hotAta. moThamoThe mAMDava, moThe bajeTa, thATamATa,

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gardI, jevaNAvaLI i. nikaSa tyAsAThI vAparale jAtAta. 2) gelyA kAhI varSAta yAca kAraNAne sAdhu-sAdhvIMcI oDha zaharI bhAgAkaDe vADhalI Ahe. choTyA gAvAMnA, kheDyAMnA sAdhu-sAdhvIMcyA satsaMgAcA lAbha hota nAhI. (arthAt tyAmuLe svAdhyAyI zrAvaka-zrAvikAMnA bharapUra vAva miLatA) 3) TharAvika ThikANI TharAvika lokAMce varcasva varSAnuvarSe rahAte. vAva na miLAlele loka asaMtuSTa rahAtAta, ___ ApoApaca dUra jAtAta. 4) sAdhu-sAdhvIMcyA puDhe puDhe karaNyAcI ahamahamikA surU hote. 5) prabhAvanA mhaNUna khAdyavastU, pustake va bhojanAMce Ayojana kele jAte. navyA piDhIlA yA goSTI nirarthaka vATatata. 6) bAlaka, gRhiNI, yuvaka-yuvatI, sunA, joDapI azA vegavegaLyA gaTAMsAThI zibire Ayojita kelI jAtAta. __ anekadA vegavegaLyA maMDaLAMcI sthApanA hote. cAturmAsAnaMtara tyAta koNateca sAtatya rahAta nAhI. 7) sTejavara rAjakIya puDhAr2yAMnA va spaoNnsararsacyA () basavUna tyAMcI stuti-stotre gAyalI jAtAta. zAlI, mALA va momeMTo deUna satkArAMce kAryakrama itake raTALa kele jAtAta kI atizaya kaMTALavANe vATU lAgate.sTejavara bharamasATha satkAra ANi zrotyAMmadhye ApasAta gappA va carcA surU rahAtAta. 8) sthAnika lokAMmadhye AdhIca kAhI svAdhyAya maMDaLe, dhArmika-zaikSaNika kArya cAlU asate. tyAMcI muLIca dakhala ghetalI nAhI athavA tyAMcyAviSayI tucchatAvAda vyakta kelA tara AdhIce cAMgale upakrama baMda paDatAta. navIna tara TikU zakataca nAhIta. aneka varSe cAlU asalele sanmati-tIrtha ce prAkRta va jenaoNlaoNjIce klAsesa 4-5 gAvAlarI azA prakAre baMda jhAle Aheta. 9) kAhI ThikANI jaina samAja jAsta asato. kAhI ThikANI mojakI ghare asatAta. gRhiNI adhika vyasta jhAlyA Aheta. gocarIce niyamahI anekAMnA mAhIta nasatAta. tyAtUnaca maga sAdhu-sAdhvIMnA gocarIce Taima-Tebala deNe, Tiphina pohocatA karaNe - azA prathA surU hotAta. tyA anekadA soyIskara TharatAta. aneka mahilAMce asehI mata paDale kI sAdhu-sAdhvIMnA yogya asA sAdhA, prAsaka AhAra eke ThikANI banavUna dyAvA. 'bhikSAcaryA' cyA niyamAta basata nasalyAne ase karatA yeta nAhI - yA matAcA puraskAra itarAMnI kelA. sAdhuMnA bhikSA deNyAcA vidhI navIna piDhIlA mAhIta hoNyAsAThI gocarIcI AvazyakatA Ahe - asehI mata kAhIMnI sAMgitale 10) ApApalI pIThe athavA saMsthA sthApana karaNe, tyAsAThI AvAhana karUna paisA ubhA karaNe, tyAtUna sAmAjika, dhArmika kAme karaNe - azI lATahI kAhI varSAMmadhye sAdhu-sAdhvIMmadhye pasarata Ahe. kAhI zrotyAMnI yA svAMnA, 'saMnyAsadharmAlA ayogya asA parigraha ase nAva dile. kAhIMnI tyA nidhItUna zALA-kaoNleja, haoNspiTalasa, anAthAlaye, aMdha-paMgu-Azrama, graMthAlaye i. ubhe rahAta asalyAsa, tI navyA kALAcI garaja mAnUna pAThiMbA dilA. tyAtUnaca sAdhudharmAce dhyeya 'AtmakalyANa' kI 'samAjasevA' asA prazna upasthita jhAlA. 'sAdhUMnI dhArmika va AdhyAtmika prAMtAta kArya karAve, samAjonnatIcA viSaya samAjasevakAMvara sopavAvA - asAhI eka vicAra puDhe AlA. 'eka gharasaMsAra soDUna yA moThyA prapaMcAcI ulADhAla kazAsAThI karAyacI ? hA praznahI vicAralA gelA. 'dIna-du:khI va garajUMcI sevA hA kAya jaina-dharma-pAlanAcA eka mArga nAhI kA ? asA prativAda kelA gelA. tyAnaMtara carcA puDhacyA mudyAkaDe vaLalI. 11) kAhI mahilAMnI tyAMcyA manAtIla zalye mokaLepaNAne bolUna dAkhavilI. * Apale netRtvaguNa jarA uAkhavile kI sAdhu-sAdhvI Agraha karUna azA kAhI avaghaDa jabAbadAr2yA aMgAvara TAkatAta kI te 'avaghaDa jAgecaM dukhaNaM' banate. maga tyAMnA TALaNyAkaDe kala hoU lAgato. * anekAMcI apekSA asate kIApaNa tyAMcA jethe jethe cAturmAsa asela tethe tethe jAUna tyAMcyA saMparkAta rahAvehe tara azakyaca asate. * prAkRta bhASA kiMvA kAhI tatvajJAnaviSayaka zaMkA gheUna ApaNa gelo tara tyAviSayI carcA karAyalA puresA veLa tedeU zakata nAhIta. tyAveLI janasaMparka khUpaca asato.

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* taruNa mulAmulIMnA agadI gaLa ghAlUna, khecUna nele tara tyAMcI veSabhUSA, kezabhUSA, dhArmika pAThAMtarAcA abhAva yAba TIkA TippaNI kelyAne mulAMcI mane dukhAvatAta. khANyApiNyAcyA goSTI soDaNyAcyA zapathA gheNehI mulAMna rucata nAhI. pravacanAMnA yAyalA tara yuvaka-yuvatI nArAjaca asatAta. tyAMcyA kathA-kahANyA boara hotAta, 'navIna Thosa mudde koNateca nasatAta' asA muddAhI mule upasthita karatAta. * pati-patnI doghehI khUpa utsAhAne roja sAmIla jhAle tara gharAtIla vaDIladhAre va mulebALe yAMcI khUpa AbALa hote 'gRhiNIdharma' soDUna mI ase vAgU kA ? - asA prazna satAvato. * sAdhu-sAdhvIMnI B.A.; M.A. kiMvA Ph.D. hoNyAsa AmacI kAya harakata asaNAra ? paraMtu parIkSecA phaoNrma bharaNe, noTs miLavUna deNe, parIkSecI tayArI karUna gheNe i. sAThI te ekAca goSTIsAThI 3-4 jaNAMnA gaLa ghAlatAta. tyAMnAsatata aneka goSTIMcA puravaThA karaNyAsAThI khUpa tArAMbaLa uDate. * 'gaNapatI utsavAce kAryakrama' ANi 'paryuSaNAce kAryakrama yAta javaLajavaLa kAhIca pharaka uralelA nAhI. maga 'AmacyA gharAzejArace manoraMjanAce kAryakrama AmhI kA aTeMDa karU naye ? - hA praznahI vicAralA gelA. dhArmika uddiSTAMzI saMbaMdhita asalele nivvaLa manoraMjanAtmaka kAryakrama ThevU nayeta - ase ekamatAne zrotyAMnI sAMmmile. * itakyA prakAracI pravacanAMcI pustake, sI.DI., DI.vhI.DI., svata:ce phoTo chApalelyA vahyA-pensa yAsaMbaMdhIbhanekAMnI nArAjI vyakta kelI. dhArmika pustakAMcyA lAkhoMnI pratI kADhUna, jANatyA-neNatyAMnA sarasakaTa vATaNyAne satragraMthAMcI 'AzAtanA' ca hote ase mata aneka mahilAMnI vyakta kele. ___ 'ANakhI vIsa varSAMnI cAturmAsAce svarUpa kase asela ? yA praznAvara, 'AttA jyA prakAre cAlalA Ahe tasA nakkIca nasela' ase sarvasaMmata uttara mihAle. tyAcyA kholAta ziralyAvara puDhIla vicAra noMdavile gele. * zrAvaka jase badalalele, navIna vicArAMce asatIla taseca sAdhUhI navIna vicArAMce asatIla. * pravacana agadI 1 tAsAce - jJAnavardhaka va mAhitI deNAre asela. tyAnaMtara sarvajaNa ApApalyA udyogAlA jAtIla. * cAra mahinyAMcyA jAgI ekatrita parvavidhI phakta ATha divasAMcA asela. * khANyApiNyAce kaDaka niyama navI piDhI bahadhA ATha divasa pALela. * hAra-ture, satkAra-gaurava va raTALa bhASaNe yAMnA phATA miLela. * zvetAMbara-digaMbara-sthAnakavAsI5terA paMthI he bheda bareca kamI jhAlele asatIla. jaina' ekatecI bhAvanA vADhela. * navI piDhI adhika satyapriya, nirNayakSama va avaDaMbara-rahita Ahe. zAkAhAra, sacoTI, dharmaprema va kuTuMbaprema he kyama rAkhUna tI piDhI cAturmAsAlA naveca rUpa prApta karUna deIla - yA asIma AzAvAdI vicArAMnI carcAsatrAcA zevaTa jhAlA.

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16. jaina dharmagraMthAMta strIce sthAna (dazalakSaNaparvAnimitta vizeSa vyAkhyAna, koparagAva, sapTeMbara 2008) gelI 50 varSe saMpUrNa jagAta ANi gelI 10 varSe bhAratAta, strImuktIcyA caLavaLIne phAraca jora dharalelA disato. gelyA kAhI dazakAta vicAravaMtAMnI yA viSayAvara itake kAhI likhANa kele Ahe kI, strImuktIsaMbaMdhIcyA sAhiyAce eka svataMtra graMthAlaya hoU zakate. puNyAsArakhyA zaharAta azI svataMtra graMthAlaye Aheta. alikaDe samAjAtIla pratyeka ghaTaka kadhI navhe evaDhA jAgRta jhAlA Ahe, azA paristhitIta mahilA suddhA ApApalyA saMghaTanA majabUta karU lAgalyA Aheta. muMbaIta-mahAgAI pratikAra samitI, bhAratIya mahilA pheDarezana, puNyAta-samAjavAdI mahilA sabhA, mahilA saMparka samitI, nArI samatA maMca, dillIta-mahilA sabhA, mahilA dakSatA samitI, janavAdI mahilA sabhA, iMDiyana kaunsila phaoNra phaeNmilI velpheara, taseca vividha choTyA moThyA rAjyAta grAmINa pAtaLIvarahI mahilA saMsthA kAryarata Aheta. ApalyA parIne yA saMsthA huMDA-bekArI-balAtkAra ityAdi aneka anyAyAviruddha AvAja uThavIta Aheta. samAjAtIla puruSapradhAnatA he kAhI kevaLa bhAratIyAMce vaiziSTya nAhI. itihAsAta DokAvale tara ekhAdA apavAda vagaLatA, saMpUrNa jagabharAtaca azI puruSapradhAnatA disate. strImuktIcA laDhA puruSAMcyA viruddha ubhAralele baMDa Ahe kA ? puruSAMpAsUna muktI miLaviNyAcyA nAdAta bharakaTalele, ekAkI jIvana ApaNa jagU icchito kA ? sarva dezAMcyA hAsAta ase disate kI, strI-jAgRtIcyA kAryAlA AraMbha puruSAMcyA puDhAkArAne jhAlA Ahe. gulAmagirIviruddhacA laDhA gulAma nasalelyAMnIca AraMbhilA. kAmagAra laDhyAbAbatahI heca jhAle. strImuktI hI puruSAMpAsUna paLa kADhaNyAsAThI nasUna tyAMcyA sahakAryAne vyaktimatvAcA vikAsa karUna gheNyAcI eka saMthagatIcI kriyA Ahe. ase satata jANavate. strImuktIcyA caLavaLIlA yogya te adhiSThAna prApta hoNyAsAThI bhAratAcyA gata itihAsAta strIce koNate sthAna hote te prathama pAhU. vaidika va bauddha paraMparetIla sthAna saMkSepAne pAhU va tyAnaMtara jaina dharmagraMthAMta vizeSata: 11 AgraMthAMta pratibiMbita jhAlele sthAna pAhU. vaidika dharmAta strI : vedakALAta AraMbhI, dharmAce svarUpa karmakAMDAtmaka va guMtAguMtIce navhate. vaidika sUkte racaNe, upanayana, yajJa aza prasaMgI striyAMcA barobarIcA sahabhAga asAvA ase disate. kAhI mojakyA ullekhAMvarUna striyAMcyA uccasthAnAviSayI nirvivAda vidhAne karaNe zakya nAhI. veda va brAhmaNakALAta saMnyAsAcI va mokSAcI carcA ADhaLata nAhI. upaniSadAta AtmavidyecI carcA yete. paraMtu striyAMcyA saMdarbhAta mokSAcI carcA ADhaLata nAhI. striyAMcyA dhArmika va sAmAjika sthAnAta yAnaMtara jhapATyAne nhAsa surU jhAlelA disato. bahupatnItvAcI cAla, striyAMce vivAhAce vaya ghaTaNe, upanayana i. saMskArAMcA va maMtroccAraNAcA haLUhaLU naSTa jhAlelA hakka yA sarvAMcA pariNAma mhaNUna, i.sa.pU.500 cyA sumArasa dharmAcI dvAre striyAMsAThI baMda jhAlyAce ApaNAsa disate. vividha smRtIMmadhye yAce paDasAda umaTalele disatAta. jaina va bauddha dharmAcA jhapATyAne prasAra hoU lAgalyAvara va itarahI kAhI sAmAjika kAraNAMnI vividha paurANika paMtha va bhakmiArgAcA udaya hoU lAgalA. yA vrata-upAsanA-bhaktIvara AdhArita dharmAta AtA hiMdU strIlA punhA sthAna prApta hoU lAgale. striyAMcA saMnyAsa va striyAMnA mokSaprAptI yA saMkalpanA hiMdU dharmAne saMpUrNapaNe durlakSilelyA disatAta. AtAcI dharmika hiMdU strI rAmAyaNa-mahAbhArata va purANe vAcate, viziSTa vratavaikalye karate, pUjA, naivedya i. karUna vividha saNa-vAsAjare karate. gItA, atharvazIrSa, rAmarakSA i. mhaNate va rAma, kRSNa, zaMkara, gaNapatI azA anekavidha devatAMcI upAsanA karate AjahI ticyA manAta nivRttI, saMnyAsadharmAcA svIkAra athavA mokSaprAptI he vicArahI yeta nAhIta.

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bauddha dharmAta strI : mahAvIrAMcyA javaLa javaLa samakAlIna asalele gautamabuddha he bauddha dharmAce pravartaka hote. AtyaMtika karmakAMDa athavA AtyaMtika vairAgya yAcyA madhalA mArga mhaNUna te svata:cyA dharmAlA 'madhyama-mArga' mhaNatAta. 14 nidAne va 5 zIla yAvara AdhAralelA hA 'aSTAMgamArga' Ahe. bauddha bhikSuNIMcA ekaMdara AcAra-vicAra, niyama, bhikSUMcyA tulaneta sthAna, tyAMcyAtIla vAda-vivAda, kalaha yA sarvAMce darzana ApalyAlA 'vinayapiTaka' va 'jAtakakathA'tUna hote. jaina saMghApramANeca bauddha saMghahI bhikSu-bhikSuNI, upAsaka upAsikA asA caturvidha asato. striyAMnA saMghAta praveza deNyAsa gautamabuddha AraMbhI phArase utsuka navhate. bhikSU 'AnaMdA'cI kaLakaLIcI vinaMtI va 'mahAprajApati gautamI'cI (gautamuddhAMcI sAvatra mAtA) eka prakAracI dhArmika caLavaLa, yAmuLe buddhAMnI striyAMnA saMghAta praveza dilelA disato. bhikSuNIMsAThI vinayapiTakAta dilelyA 'aTTha- guru- dhamma' yA niyamAtUna gautamabuddhAMcA striyAMkaDe baghaNyAcA sahAnubhUtizUnya va upekSA karaNArA dRSTikoNa disato, ase nirIkSaNa bauddha dharmAcyA abhyAsaka zrImatI durgA bhAgavata yAMnI noMdavile Ahe. bauddha dIkSAvidhI jaina dIkSAvidhIMpekSA sAdhepaNAne jhAlele disatAta. buddhAMcyA mate striyA arahaMtapada prApta karU zakatAta paraMtu 'buddha' hoU zakata nAhIta. bauddha dharmagraMthAta upAsikAMnA eka khAsa sthAna disate. buddhaghoSAcyA mate buddha, dhamma va saMghAlA jo zaraNa gelA, to upAsaka hoya. gautamabuddha svata: upAsikAMzI carcA karUna tyAMce vividha prazna soDaviNyAsa madata karIta. sujAtA, visAkhA, khujjuttarA, suppavAtA, kAtiyAnI yA striyAMcA svata: gautamabuddha 'Adarza upAsikA' asA gaurava tAta. bauddha AAmAtUna pAtiviSayI varIva mAhitI mite. ardhamA dhI graMthAMta tyA mAnAne naina zrAvikAMviSayI mAhitI phArazI miLata nAhI. gautamabuddhAMcyA AcAraviSayaka udAramatavAdI dhoraNAmuLe jaina dharmApekSA bauddhadharmAcA prasAra sarva jagabhara Aja jhAlelA disato. DaoN. bAbAsAheba AMbeDakarAMcyA bauddhadharma svIkArAnaMtara bhAratAta tarI tyA dharmAcI dhurA dalita bargAkaDe Ahe, ase citra disate. jaina dharmagraMthAMta strIce kauTuMbika sthAna : jaina dharmagraMthAcyA abhyAsAne puDhIla nirIkSaNe disUna yetAta. kanyA hI kuTuMbAta moThe snehabhAjana Ahe. aupAcArika zikSaNa hA keMdrabiMdU nasUna thoDyAbahuta lalitakalA va mukhya mhaNaje vivAha hIca ticyA AyuSyAtIla mahattvAcI ghaTanA Ahe. mAtApityAMkaDUna tilA saMskAra, bharaNapoSaNa va pityAcyA icchene vivAhAtIla prItidAnAce hakka Aheta. siyAcyA saMpattIta vArasA hakka nAhIta. avivAhita kanyA va anekadA vidhavAhI, pityAkaDeca rAhatAta. vivAhAnaMtara tI patIcyA ekatra kuTuMbAcA ghaTaka banate. sahapatnI nasalelyA kuTuMbAta tI adhika sukhI va svataMtra Ahe. kharca tI patIcyA anumatIneca karate. samAjAtIla kaSTakarI vargAtIla striyA patIbarobara vyavasAyAta sahabhAgI hotAta. rAjagharANyAtIla va dhanika vargAtIla patnIMnA sapatnIMzI vyavahAra karAve lAgatAta. moThamoThI aMta:pure hI matsara, dveSa, kArasthAne va rAjakIya saMbaMdhAMnI yukta disatAta. saMpUrNa Arthika svAtaMtrya nasale tarI pUrNa pArataMtryahI nAhI, maryAdita svAtaMtrya Ahe. mAherUna ANalelyA saMpattIvara strIcA pUrNa hakka Ahe. sAsaracyA saMpattIta vATA nAhI. patIcyA mRmUnaMtara jIvana saMpUrNa parAvalaMbI Ahe. gharAta vinayazIla rahAve lAgale tarI ghuMghaTa, paDadA hA gharAta agara samAjAta ghyAvA lAga nAhI. saNa, utsava, jatrA, mejavAnyA, dharmapravacana, dIkSotsava, udyAnayAtrA, prekSaNaka (nATaka) hI karamaNukIcI sAdhane Aheta. ekapatnI paddhatItIla striyAMce kAmajIvana bahutAMzI sukhAsamAdhAnAce Ahe. anaitika saMbaMdhAcI kAraNe barIcazI bahupatnItvAmuLe yeNAr2yA atRpta kAmajIvanAta Aheta. sarva prakAracyA kuTuMbiyAMzI saMbaMdha prAya: cAMgaleca Aheta. dIkSesAThI patI tyAcyA mAtApityAMcI anumatI gheto, patnIcI ghetAnA disata nAhI. bahutAMzI kuTuMbAta kaSTaprakAmAsAThI nokara, dAsa-dAsI Aheta. pati-patnIta gairasamaja, kalaha barecadA kirakoLa Aheta. saMbaMdhaviccheda, punarvivAha, vidhavAvivAha, satI yA prathA agadI nagaNya svarUpAta Aheta. dhArmika svAtaMtrya Ahe. mAtA banaNe, bAlakAMce saMgopana he moThe AnaMdAce viSaya Aheta. putra agara kanyA yApaikI koNIhI janmale tarI

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apatyAce svAgata karatAta. apatyaprAptIsAThI navasa karatAta. dattakAcI paddhata turaLaka ADhaLate. DohALe koNatyAhI prakArace asale tarI, patI va kuTuMbIya te puraviNyAta tatpara Aheta. mAtece saMbaMdha putrAzI, tara pityAce kanyezI,adhika javaLakIce Aheta. apatyAMviSayIcyA jabAbadAr2yA pati-patnI doghe miLUna pAra pADatAta. dAsa-dAsI ThevaNyAcI paddhata Ahe. dhAtrIMcA darjA barAca cAMgalA Ahe. dAsyatvAtUna kvacitaca suTakA hote. dAsIMcI Arthika, sAmAjika, dhArmika va kAmajIvanaviSayaka sthitI atyaMta anukaMpanIya Ahe. bhAratAcyA prAcIna itihAsAtIla te aMdhakAramaya parva Ahe. jaina dharmagraMthAMta strIce sAmAjika sthAna : vyaktI kuTuMbAta janmalelI asalI tarI vAvarata asate tI samAjAta ! vyaktIcyA jaDaNaghaDaNIta samAjAcA moThAca vATA asato. karmapariNAma va puruSArthavAdAlA prAdhAnya deNAr2yA jaina dharmAta, rUDhInusAra kelelyA janmApasUna mRtyusaMskArAparyaMtacyA saMskArAMnA, khare tara khAsa sthAna nAhI. saMskRta maMtra va vividha vidhAnAMnI bharalele karmakahapradhAna saMskAra AgamAMta disata nasale tarI, samAjAcyA reTyAne yA saMskArAMnA pUrNavirAma miLU zakalelA disata nAhI. magna niyama-apavAdAMnI bharalele kliSTa saMskAra kAhIse sulabha jhAlele disatAta. AgamakAlIna strI khar2yAkhur2yA arthAne samRddha va kalAtmaka AyuSya jagate tI vividha sAmAjika utsavAta bhAga gheUnaca ! strI-puruSa, kumAra-kumArI, bAlaka-bAlikA yA utsavaprasaMgI samAjAta mokaLepaNAne vAvaratAnA disatAta. tyAtIla kAhI utsava dhArmika svarUpAce tara kAhI nivvaLa Amoda-pramodAsAThI disUna yetAta. khAdya-peya, nRtya-gItanATaka, mAlya-puSpe yAMcI relacela asalelyA yA utsavAMmadhye, samAjAcyA sarva starAtIla striyA sahabhAgI hotAnA disatAta. 'saMkhaDI' yA Adhunika kALAtIla 'phUDa phesTivhala'sArakhyA Aheta. phakta tethe annAcA krayavikraya hota nAhI. rUDhI, aMdhavizvAsa, apasamaja, zakuna-apazakuna yAMcyA jokhaDAtUna, koNatAhI samAja koNatyAhI kALI suTU zakata nAhI. AgamakAlIna jaina samAja dekhIla vaidika devatA va sthAnika devatAMcyA pagaDyAkhAlUna suTalelA disata nAhI. DohALe, navasa, apatyaprAptI yA saMdarbhAta striyA yakSa, bhUta, pizAca, taMtra-maMtra, jAdUToNA yAMnA Azraya detAna disatAta. kAma, vAsanA, viSaya-bhoga, strIpuruSa-AkarSaNa yAMcA vicAra AgamAMta vAraMvAra kelelA disato. arthAt to varjanAcyA, niSedhAcyA svarUpAta va niMdecyA surAtaca kelelA disato. vividha gunhyAMcA va vizeSata: anaitika saMbaMdhayA ugama, aneka ThikANI striyAMcyA atRpta kAmajIvanAta disato. bahupatnItvapaddhatImuLe aMtargata hevedAve, matsara va vadhAparyaMtahI majala gelelI disate. vezyA va gaNikA yA prAcIna kALApAsUna astitvAta asalelyA saMsthA, AgamakALI cAMgalyAca sthirAvalelyA va pratiSThAprApta disatAta. Arthika dRSTyA svataMtra va samRddha, advitIya sauMdaryAcyA samrAjJI, vividha vidyA va kalAMta pravINa va zRMgArarasAce Agara asalelyA kAmadhvajA va AmrapAlIsArakhyA gaNikAMce, jaina va bauddha AgamAta varNilele sthAna, he AgamakAlIna sudRDha kAmajIvanAce pratIka Ahe. jaina dharmagraMthAMta strIce dhArmika sthAna : jaina dharmagraMthAMta, sAdhvIdharma svataMtrapaNe pratipAdana kelelA disata nAhI. sAdhudharmAcyA AdhAreca to samajUna ghyAvA lAgato. sAdhvIMcyA dIkSecI kAraNe, dIkSesa anumatI, dIkSAmahotsava yAMcA vicAra vistArAne kelelA disato. sAMchyA dIkSAvidhIitakyAca gauravapUrNa ritIne sAdhvIMce dIkSAvidhI jhAlele disatAta. AcArAta sAdhU va sAdhvI yAMcyAbAbata jo pharaka kelelA disato, je apavAda kelele disatAta, te sAdhvIMnA gauNa lekhaNyAsAThI kelele nasUna, tyAMcI sucatitA va zIlarakSaNa kele asAveta, asA tarkasaMgata niSkarSa kADhAvA lAgato. saMghAce sarvocca pada detAnA mAtra, punhA ekadA puruSapradhAna saMskRtIcA pagaDA disUna yeto. upAdhyAyinI agara strI gaNadhara ApaNAsa AgamakAlIna jaina saMghAta ADhaLata nAhIta. sAdhuvaMdanebAbatahI striyAMce sthAna gauNa disate. sAdhvIMcyA saMkaTamaya jIvanAce citra AgamAta dRSTotpattIsa yo.

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khaDatara azA sAmAjika, bhaugolika, rAjakIya paristhitIta sAdhvIMnI jyA dRDhazraddhene AdhyAtmika pragatI sAdhalI, tyAmuLe tara AgamakAlIna striyAMcyA utkRSTa manobalAce Urjasvala darzana ghaDUna Ale. caturvidha saMghAlA dRDhapratiSTha karaNyAta jyAMcA phAra moThA sahabhAga Ahe, azA jaina zrAvikAMcA athavA upAsikAMcA vicAra ApaNa yAnaMtara kelA. zvetAMbara jaina AgamAMta 'zrAvakAcAra' svataMtrapaNe upalabdha nAhI. AgamAta ullekhita azA zrAvikAMcA vicAra kelyAvara, gRhasthAzramAtIla dhArmika jIvanAce eka pragalbha citra ApalyAsamora ubhe rAhate. patIcyA sAMgaNyAnusAra zrAvikA banalelyA, svataMtrapaNe dharmopadeza aikUna zraddhAvAna banalelyA, svata: barobara kuTuMbiyAMnAhI niSTha banavaNAr2yA, patIlA zrAvakavratAta sthira karaNAr2yA, svadharmIya va itara dharmIyAMzI mokaLI, tarkasaMgata carcA karaNAr2yA, sAdharmikAMce svAgata karaNAr2yA, sAdhuprAyogya AhAra-vasatidAna karaNAr2yA, tattvAMpAsUna vicalita na hoNAr2yA, aMtimaH saMlekhanene dehatyAga karaNAr2yA, mokSamArgI jhAlelyA, azA striyAMcyA dhArmika jIvanAcA pratyaya ApaNAsa AgamAtUna yeto. apavAdAdAkhala patIlA dhArmikatepAsUna parAvRtta karaNAr2yA, madyapI, krUra azA revatIsArakhe ekhAde udAharaNahI kvacita ADhaLate. sAdhvI va upAsikA yA donhI rUpAta AgamakAlIna jainadharmI strIce AdaraNIya sthAna ApalyAlA disUna yete. jaina dharmagraMthAMtIla striyAMce sAMskRtika jIvana : bharabharATIsa AlelI samRddha nagare, tyAtIla AkhIva mArgaracanA, mAlAne othaMbUna vAhaNAr2yA bAjArapeThA, aneka majalI bhavya rAjaprAsAda, dhanikAMcyA havecyA rUpasaMpanna gaNikAMce vaibhava, naMdA - puSkariNIsArakhI ArAmodyAne, rANyAMcI zayanagRhe, grAmAMmadhIla hiravIgAra zete, pazuzALA, dhAnya, vastre, upabhogAcyA sAmagrIcI relacela, vividha krIDA, layanATya ityAdi manoraMjanAcI sAdhane, osaMDUna vAhaNAr2yA utsAhAta sAjare kelele manamokaLe sAmAjika utsava, aza tar2hecyA aneka ucca abhirUcIMnI naTalelyA sAMskRtika jIvanAcA ThasA, AgamAMcyA abhyAsakAcyA aMta:karaNAvara, prathamadarzanI umaTato. sukhasAdhanAMcI koNatIhI uNIva nasalelyA rAjaputra va rAjakanyAMcyA dIkSA, aneka kAraNAMnI samAjAtIla vividha striyAMnI aMgIkAralelA zrAvakadharma va sAdhvIdharma, vividha dharmopadezasabhA, aMtakRddazeta striyAMnI AcaralelI kaThora tape, prauSadhazALA, jaina va jainetara pArivrAjikAMce saMvAda - vAdavivAda, zraddhALU zrAvikAMnI sAdhusAdhvIMnA dilele AhAradAna, ase eka dharmapravaNa jIvanAce citrahI tyAcaveLI DoLyAsamora ubhArate. vividha roga, duSkALa, , rogAcyA sAthI, yuddhe, rAjakIya kArasthAne, aMtaHpurAtIla kalaha, choTe-choTe vyavasAya karaNArI gIba dAMpatye, balAtkAra, apaharaNa, anaitika saMbaMdha ase aneka gunhe va sAmAjika apapravRttI, bhUta-preta-vibhUtI, maMtra-taMtra, navasasAyAsa, yakSAveza yAcyA mAge lAgalelyA aMdhazraddhALU vyaktI va vizeSataH striyA, rAjagRhAta, dhanikAMkaDe va sAmAnyajanAMcyA gharAta anna-vastrApAyI AyuSyAcyA AyuSya khAlI mAna ghAlUna kAma karIta rAhaNAr2yA dAsI, dhAtrI, dAsaceTI, karmakarI, dAsIputra va tyAMce kalaha, thaTTAmaskarI ase nimna starAtIla vyaktIMce saMpUrNa vegaLeca vizva A disUna yete. yA tIna prakAracyA dhAgyAMnA bemAlUma saramisaLa karUna karUna ekatra viNUna tayAra hote te AgamakAlIna saMskRtIce vastra ! jaina dharmagraMthAMtIla striyAMcA saMdeza : AryA caMdanA, tIrthaMkara mallI, sAdhvI rAjamatI, zrAvikA jayaMtI, Adarza gRhiNI rohiNI yA striyA, sarva strIjAtIlA va Adhunika strImuktI caLavaLIcyA dhurINIMnA asA urjasvala saMdeza deta Aheta kI - 'ucca darjA va sthAna miLaviNyAsATha ApaNa svata: jhagaDale pAhije. ApalI sarva sAmarthye paNAlA lAvUna va jJAnAcI kAsa dharUna kartRtva kele pAhije. dveSa, asUyA karUna agara hakkAMcI bhIka mAgUna koNateca sthAna miLata nAhI. kartRtvasaMpanna strIkaDe zreSTha sthAna ApoApa cAlata yete. bhAratIya saMskRtIta he sthAna miLavAyace asela tara kartRtvasaMpannatelA zuddha AcaraNa va AtmonnatIcyA taLamaLIcI joDa asaNehI Avazyaka Ahe. anyathA hajAro varSe loTalyAvarahI AgamakAlAtIla tejasvinIMce he sthAna

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akSuNNa rAhileca nasate !!!' **********