Greek Bharat Chintanatmak Aaikya

Author(s): T U Mehta
Publisher: Sastu Sahityavardhak Karyalay Mumbai
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/004587/1

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'sastuM sAhitya' eTale UMcAmAM UMcuM sAhitya zrIke jItI naciMtInI]lpaka cchi satuM sAhItyA * bhikSu akhaMDAnaMdanI prasAdI zed] cAhatvavakikAlavA - The. bhale pAse amadAvAda ane prinsesa sTrITa muMbaI-2. 2010_04

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sastuM sAhitya eTale UMcAmAM UMcuM sAhitya grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya [sokreTIsa pUrvenuM grIka tattvaciMtana ane bhAratIyatA] lekhaka: tyaMbakalAla umedacaMda mahetA (TI. yu. mahetA) , bhikSa astI prasAdI cAturAhitya vaEka kAryAlaya che. bhadra pAze. amadAvAda ane prinsesa sTrITa, muMbaI-2 kiMmata : rU. 15 2010_04

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saMvata 2063 AvRtti 1 I.sa. 2006 (c) sastuM sAhitya mudraNAlaya TrasTa 1500 - 3 - '06 prakAzaka: AnaMda amIna, sastuM sAhitya mudraNAlaya TrasTa, bhadra, amadAvAda mudrakaH bhArgavI prinTarsa, amadAvAda 2010_04

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arpaNa I. pUrvenI cothI thI chaThThI zatAbdInA bhAratIya tathA grIka tattva ciMtakone. 2010_04

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lekhaka paricaya... A pustikAnA vivecaka zrI caMbalAla u. mahetA (u.va.88 varSa) himAcala hAIkorTanA nivRtta cIpha jasTisa che ane potAnI nivRtti bAda gujarAtanA jAhera praznomAM sakriya rasa le che. nivRtti bAda temanI mukhya pravRtti vAcana-lekhananI rahela che. hAla teo munizrI saMtabAlajIe paMcAvana varasa pahelAM sthApela bhA. na. prA. saMdhanA pramukha che. teo munizrI saMtabAlajIe zarU karela "vizva vAtsalya" mAsikanA saMpAdaka maMDaLanA sabhya che ane vizvamAM pracalita dharmonA temaja khAsa karIne jainadarzananA abhyAsI che. A pustikA uparAMta temanI racanAo nIce mujaba che : pAtha opha ahita (aMgrejImAM) jainadarzananA mULabhUta siddhAMtonI vaijJAnika dRSTie samajUtI. saMtabAla - e seInTa vItha A Dipharansa (aMgrejI) munizrI saMtabAlajInuM jIvana tathA preraka prasaMgo. saMtabAla, eka anokhI mATInA saMta - uparanA pustakano gujarAtI anuvAda - anuvAdaka zrI maganabhAI paTela. AnaMdaghana stavano (gujarAtI) - avadhUta zrI AnaMdaghanajIe bAvIsa tIrthaMkara upara racela stavanonuM vivecana. uttarAdhyayana - sAra - bhagavAna mahAvIre Apela aMtima upadezanI gAthAo aMgenuM vivecana. jainadarzananI rUparekhA - jainadarzananA dareka pAyAnA siddhAMtonI sAdI samaja. voTa Ijha jainIjhama(aMgrejI) - praznottarI rUpe jaina siddhAMtonI aMgrejI bhASAmAM samaja. bombe pablika TrasTa ekaTa (aMgrejI) A kAnUnanI aMgrejImAM kAnUnI dRSTie vakIlo tathA korTone upayogI TIkA. 9. islAmanuM rahasya sUphIjhama (gujarAtI) 10. vaMditu pratikramaNa-sUtra - munizrI saMtabAlajInuM paghAMtara - tenI samajUtI. sAmAyika sUtra. 12. gujarAtanI asmitA (AdikALathI zarU karI marAThAkALa sudhIno gujarAtano ItihAsa) jIvana vyavahAranI sAhajikatA anekAnta daSTi. 14. mokSa mArganA pagathiyA zrImad rAjacaMdrajInA kAvya "apUrva avasara"nuM vivecana 11. 13. 2010_04

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nivedana sAmAnyapaNe ApaNA dharmavArasAno paricaya karAvatI sAmagrI sarvasulabha rahe e jovAnI sastuM sAhityanI praNAlikA rahI che. taduparAMta, vakhatovakhata pUruM pADavAnI saMsthAnI koziza rahI che. A saMdarbhamAM sokreTIsa pUrvenA grIka tattvaciMtana ane bhAratIya tattvaciMtanane anulakSIne himAcala hAIkorTanA nivRtta vaDA nyAyamUrti mu. cuMbakalAla umedacaMda mahetA (TI. yu. mahetA)nI kalame thayeluM nirUpaNa rajU karatAM AnaMda thAya che. sokreTIsa, pleTo ane erisToTalanA bhAratIya ciMtana paricayano ane tenI asarono emaNe Apelo khyAla be judI jaNAtI dhArAo vaccenuM sAmya cIMdhavA sAthe ApaNA samayamAM emanI savizeSa nikaTatAnI saMbhAvanA darzAvanAro paNa che. AzA che ke lokasaMgrahI valaNo dharAvatA vidvAna lekhakanI A mAMDaNI jijJAsu vAcakone sAru upayogI thaI paDaze. 1-3-2006 AnaMda na. amIna pramukha, sastuM sAhitya mudraNAlaya TrasTa 2010_04

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prastAvanA... (EUR) jIvananI samasyAo ane teno ukela jIvana sRSTinuM sarvotkRSTa sarjana manuSyanuM jIvana che paraMtu A jIvana samasyAothI bharapUra che. mANasa jyArathI vicArato thayo tyArathI ja jIvana saMgharSane pariNAme te ciMtananI dizAmAM AgaLa vadhato ja gayo. ApaNI AsapAsa saMsAranI je anekavidha ghaTamALa vartAya che te tamAma ahetuka ke Akasmika che ke tenI pAchaLa koI eka vyavasthita taMtra kAma karI rahela che ? tevuM koI taMtra kAma karI rahela hoya to tenuM saMcAlana kayA dhoraNe ane koNa karI rahela che? A praznono ukela zodhavAnA prayatno dareka kALamAM ane dareka sthaLe ciMtanazIla manuSyoe karyA ane ciMtananI A prakriyAmAM vividha prakAranA khulAsAo meLavyA, teno ItihAsa ghaNo ja rasaprada temaja bodhadAyaka che. A pustakamAM te ItihAsanuM phakta eka pRSTha ja che. paraMtu te pRSTha AdI mAnava samAjanuM nathI. A evA mAnavasamAjanuM citra che ke jeNe ciMtananA kSetre sArI pragati karela. I. pUrvenI chaThThI sadI mAnava jIvananA ItihAsamAM ati agatyanI che kAraNa ke tyAre vizvanAM vividha sthaLoe buddhi pratibhA ane sad vicArono AvirbhAva thavA lAgyo hato. Adi vicA2ka thelsa (I. pU. 624thI I. pU. 540) thI zarU karI paramANuvAdanA purasakartA lyusIpasa tathA DemokrITasa (I.pU. 460 thI I. pU. 370) sudhInA lagabhaga 250 varSanA gALAmAM bhUmadhya samudranA pUrva taraphanA samudrakAMThe je vicArako thayA temanA vicAronI carcA ati saMkSiptamAM ahIM karavAmAM AvI che. A vicAro aMgenuM sAhitya mane 2010_04

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gujarAtamAM upalabdha thayuM nahIM paraMtu amerikA khAte mArA thatA avAra navAranA pravAso daramyAna tyAMnA pustakAlayomAMthI je sAhitya meLavI zakyo te uparathI A ciMtakonI citana pravRttino lAbha meLavI zakyo te je uparathI spaSTa thAya che ke I. pUrvenI chaThThI ane sAtamI zatAbdI daramyAna bhArata sahita vizvanA tamAma ciMtakonAM tAraNo mahadaMze samAna ja hovA chatAM eka ati agatyanI bAbatamAM bhinnatA hatI te e mujaba hatI ke jyAre A pAzcAtya ciMtako vizva racanAnA anveSaNamAM tenA bhautika padArtho tathA AvirbhAvo sudhI ja najara doDAvI zakyA, tyAre bhAratanA ciMtako tenA Adhibhautika kAraNonI zodhamAM paDyA. A paristhitino ekaja apavAda najare caDe che je pAyathAgorasano che. teNe ApaNA bhautika astitva parathI upara UThIne jIvananA Adhibhautika tattvono svIkAra karyo teTaluM ja nahIM paraMtu te tattvone cAlu vyavasAyamAM mUkavAno prayatna paNa karyo. yusebIasa (Eusebius) nAmanA lekhaka eka evA prasaMgano ullekha kare che ke sokreTIsa sAthe carcA karavA amuka bhAratIya vidvAno ethensa gaelA tyAre teoe sokreTIsane temanI phIlasuphIno hetu zuM che te samajAvavA kahela. javAbamAM sokreTIse jyAre ema kahyuM ke temano hetu "mAnava vyavahAranA saMzodhanano" hato, tyAre eka bhAratIya vidvAna hasI paDyA ane pUchyuM ke "Adhibhautika zaktine jANyA sivAya manuSyanA vyavahArane kevI rIte jANI zakAya? vaizvika taMtrane samajavA mATe pUrva ane pazcimanA vidvAno vacce je vicAra-bhinnatA hatI te A saMvAdamAM spaSTa rIte UDI Ave che. uparokta bhinnatA bAda karatAM A grIka ciMtakomAM bhAratIya ciMtana sAthe je sAmyatA hatI tenuM mukhya kAraNa to e hatuM ke teo tatkAlina 2010_04 WWW.jainelibrary.org

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(8) bhAratIyonA saMparkamAM vyApArI temaja sAMskRtika vyavahAro dvArA rahetA hatA. grIka ItihAsa lekhaka hIroDoTasa (Herodotus) (I. pU. 484) potAnI vistRta yAtrAnI noMdhamAM lakhe che ke "bhAratIyonI eka dhArmika zAkhA jIvaMta vastuonA khorAkano tyAga karatI hatI ane phakta anAjano ja upayoga karatI hatI" spaSTa che ke A ullekha jaino ane te samayanA bauddhone anulakSIne che. AMtararASTrIya khyAti dharAvanAra ciMtana sAhityanA lekhaka vilaDyuro" (Will Durant) temanA pustaka "Our Oriental Heritage" (ApaNe paurcAtya vAraso)mAM jaNAve che ke "(bhAratanA) amuka upaniSado grIka tattvajJAnanA koIpaNa kSetra karatAM jUnA samayanA che ane pAyathAgorasa, parameniDasa temaja pleTo bhAratIya tatvajJAnathI prabhAvita thayA hatA." (saMdarbha - volyuma 11 pA. pa33) pAyathAgorasa bAdanA tattvajJo pArmeniDIsa tathA empIDokalIsa upara pAyathAgorasanA vicAronI asara sArI rIte hatI, paraMtu jIvananA Adhibhautika lakSaNo teo spaSTa rIte joI zakyA nahIM. empIDoklIsa to lagabhaga tamAma viSayomAM jaina siddhAMtonI carcA karatA hoya tevuM jaNAya che. A paristhitinuM pariNAma e AvyuM ke bhAratIya ciMtako rahasyavAda ane tattvajJAnanA kSetre je pragati karI zakayA te pragatino moTA bhAge abhAva pazcimanI saMskRtimAM rahyo, jyAre padArtha vijJAnanA bhautika kSetre pazcime je pragati karI te pragati bhAratanI saMskRtimAM taddana sImita rahI. A paristhitino bIjo ati agatyano taphAvata e thayo ke A vizvanA kartA ane vidhAtA tarIke Izvara nAmanI koI bAhya sattAnA 2010_04 WWW.jainelibrary.org

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astitva aMge pazcimanI saMskRtie koI asarakAraka savAlo uThAvyA nahIM ane vizvanI tathA temanA jIvana vyavahAranI vividhatA bAbatanA khulAsAo meLavavA AvI bAhya sattAnA astitvano svIkAra karavAmAM temane ghaNI saraLatA rahI. jyAre bhAratIya kSetre eka evA varganI pradhAnatA rahI ke jeNe vaizvika vaividhyanA khulAsAo tarkanI madadathI tathA Atmika preraNAnI madadathI meLavyA. AtmAnuM astitva ane tenuM sAmarthya, karma tathA karmaphaLa, purnajanma, pApa, puNya, hiMsA, ahiMsA vagerenA khyAlo jhINavaTabharela rIte bhAratamAM vikAsa pAmyA. paraMtu pazcimanuM ciMtana mukhyatve judI dizAe ja bhautikakSetre vikAsa pAmyuM. saravALe have pazcimanA AInsTAIna ane temanI pachInA hAIjhena barga vagere vijJAnIo je niSkarSa upara AvyA che te bhAratIya tarkazAstra tathA tattvajJAnanI ghaNI ja najIka che ane bhaviSyanA TUMka samayamAM ja vizva racanAnA rahasya bAbata baMne kSetro samAna niSkarSa upara Avaze tevI AzA nirAdhAra nathI. caMbakalAla u. mahetA amadAvAda tA. 15-1-2006 "siddhArtha", 3, dAdA rokaDanAtha so. nArAyaNanagara - pAlaDI, amadAvAda - 380007 phona : 26608816 2010_04

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~ (10) ~~~~~ anukramaNikA 13 - 10 15 1 7. khe che 28 28 sokreTIsa pUrvenuM grIka tattvaciMtana ane bhAratIyatA - I. pU. chaThThI sadIno grIka - bhAratIya saMbaMdha - "oNkijhama ane bhAratIya vicArasaraNInuM sAmya - paurvAtya ane pazcimAtya tattvajJAnanI vikAsa-bhinnatA - mAyalezIana vicAradhArA - I. pU. chaThThI zatAbdInI bhAratIya vicArakrAnti - mAyalezIana ciMtakonuM prerakabaLa thelIsa enekajhImenDaraH grIka tattvajJAnanA prathama praNetA - sRSTinuM "asIma" tattva - asIma tattva bhautika hoI zake? - asIma tattvanI gatizIlatAnuM prerakabaLa zuM? - utkrAntino siddhAMta tathA bIjI labdhio eneksI mInIsa pAyathAgorasa - sAmosathI krosa - bhAratIya asara - dArzanika jIvana - AzramanuM dharmadaSTie sahajIvana - karmAnusAra punarjanma 3 ) 33 38 38 38 che. 43 Ypa 2010_04 WWW.jainelibrary.org

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(11) 46 pa1 56 pa7 59 - Atma vikAsanuM lakSya - vizvanI sAMkhyamaya racanA harakliTasa - eka rAjavaMzI tattvajJA - brahmAMDanI parivartanazIlatA - sRSTinuM mULatattva agni - gharSaNanI anivAryatA jhenophenIsa pArmeniDIsa - grIka tattvajJonI zodhabhUmikA - pArmeniDasano advaitavAda - temanA aMtanI aspaSTatA - pArmeniDasanA be mArgono vicAra ane jaina tattvajJAna empIDoklIsa temanuM vyaktitva - temanuM baita ane jaina siddhAMta - temano punarjanmano siddhAMta - vizvanA kAlapravAho ane legyAnA siddhAMto - temanuM vaijJAnikakSetre pradAna enerjhegorasa - temanuM vyaktitva - temano bahutattvavAda * lyusIpasa ane DImokrITasa - paramANabAda 0 upasaMhAra 69 72 75 75 2010_04 WWW.jainelibrary.org

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2010_04

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grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya 13 sokreTIsa pUrvenuM grIka tattvaciMtana ane bhAratIyatA I. pU. chaThThI sadIno grIka bhAratIya saMbaMdha H mAnava saMskRtinA ItihAsamAM I. pU.nI chaThThI zatAbdImAM vividha kSetromAM vaicArika ane sAmAjika krAMti thaI. cInamAM lAotse ane kanjhyusIasa thayA. bhAratamAM mahAvIra ane buddha thayA. madhya-pUrvamAM jarathrosTra thayA ane bhU-madhya samudra (meDITarenIana samudra)nA pUrva kinArAnA pradezo - krITa, grIsa ane ezIA-mAInora, sAIprasa ane dakSiNa ITAlInA pradezomAM orphika tattvajJo thayA je tamAma ekabIjAnI vicArasaraNIthI prabhAvita thayA. pazcimanA pradezomAM tattvajJAnano je vikAsa thayo teno prAraMbhakALa sokreTIsanA samayathI (I. pU. 469 - 399) gaNAya che paraMtu sokreTIsa pUrve chaThThI zatAbdImAM thayela ciMtakoe prAkRtika prakriyAonI sAthe saMkaLAyelI mAnavI samasyAono ukela zodhavAnA prayAso zarU karI dIdhA hatA. bhAratamAM to A prayAso A pahelAM seMkaDo varasothI zarUAtanA veda-kALathI ane tyArabAdanA upaniSad kALathI zarU thaI gayA hatA. jarmana praoN. jhImara temanA pustaka "Philosophies of India"mAM jaNAve che te mujaba H 2010_04

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grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya "Twenty-fourth Tirthankar Mahavir was roughly a Contemporary of Thales and Anaxagoras, the earliest of standard line of greek philosophers; and yet the subtle, complex thorough - going analysis and the classification of the features of nature which Mahavir's thinking took for granted, and upon which it played, was already centuries old. xxxx The world was already old, very wise and very learned, when the speculations of the Greeks produced the texts that are studied in our universities as the first chapter of philosophy. (P. 278) 14 "covIsamA tIrthaMkara mahAvIra thelIsa ane aneksAgorasa je grIka philasUphonA (sokreTIsa pahelAMnA) agraNIo gaNAya che, temanA samayamAM ja lagabhaga thayA. paraMtu mahAvIre kudaratanA paribaLonuM anveSaNa temaja vargIkaraNa je sukSmatAthI karela ane jenI niSpattinuM amalIkaraNa karela te saikAo jUnI vAta hatI.x x x x x x x x x x x A rIte grIkonI tArkika pravRttionuM sAhitya je ApaNI yunivarsiTIomAM tarkazAstranA prathama pagathiyA tarIke gaNAya che te sAhitya upalabdha thayuM te pahelAM duniyA tenA DahApaNamAM ane vidvattAmAM ghaNI AgaLa vadhI gayelI hatI." ItihAsakArono moTo varga evI mAnyatA dharAve che ke je Aryo bhAratamAM AvyA, tathA je Aryo pazcimamAM yuropa tarapha gayA ane grIka temaja romana saMskRtino vikAsa karyo, teo eka ja nRvaMzIya jAtInA hovAthI temanI vacce bhASA tathA saMskRtinuM ghaNuM sAmya hatuM ane tethIja grIka saMskRti tathA vaidika saMskRtinA ghotaka home2Ika ane mahAbhAratanA mahAkAvyo vacce vividha prakAranAM ghaNAM sAmyo che. trIkonI helenIka saMskRtinI pedAza homarathI thaI. "homara" koI eka 2010_04

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15 grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya vyaktinuM nAma nathI paraMtu grIka kavionI paraMparAnuM nAma che tema amuka vidvAnonI mAnyatA che. eka mAnyatA mujaba "homara" "IlIADa" ane "oDIsI"nAM mahAkAvyonI saMpUrNa racanAne baso varaso lAgela. AthI ema jarUra kahI zakAya ke bhAratIya ane grIka saMskRti vacceno saMbaMdha I. pU. sAtamIthI chaThThI sadI sudhIno to haze ja. Ama chatAM ItihAsane pAne to I. pU. 510mAM bhArata ane grIsa vacceno saMbaMdha noMdhAela ja che. te samaye IrAnanA zahenazAha DArIase sAyaleksa nAmanA grIka sUbAne siMdhu nadInA mukha pAse mokalyAnI noMdha maLe che. bhAratamAM sAMkhyo, jaina ane bauddhonI vicArasaraNIno vistAra thayA pahelAM zramaNa saMskRtinI vicAradhArA cAlatI tenI sAthe grIkonI AghavicArasaraNI je "orDijhama" tarIke oLakhAya che teno lagabhaga saMpUrNa sumeLa darzAve che ke A baMne saMskRti ekabIjAthI prabhAvita thaIne vikAsa pAmI rahela hatI. oNkijhama ane bhAratIya vicArasaraNInuM sAmyaH grIsano eka bhAga "bresa" karIne hato. tyAMnA lokono deva DAyonIsasa je bAcusa (Bacchus) tarIke paNa oLakhAto hato. tenI pUjA ghaNe aMze jaMgalI ane aNaghaNa paddhatithI thatI tene gresanA lokakavi orphise saMskArI svarUpa ApyuM ane teNe potAnAM kAvyo mAraphata je vicArasaraNI vahetI karI te "oNrDijhama" tarIke oLakhAya che, ane tenA anuyAyIo "oNrphiksa" tarIke oLakhAya che. "oNrphiksa" ema mAnatA ke zarIra to AtmAnI keda svarUpa che "oNrDijhama" AtmAnA punarjanmamAM mAnyatA dharAvato ane ema paNa mAnato ke AtmA zAzvata AnaMdane agara to duHkhane karmAnusAra prApta kare che. 2010_04

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grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya tenI zuddhinI prApti mATe amuka vidhi vidhAnonI ane amuka prakAranA doSita karmothI dUra rahevAnI jarUra che temateo mAnatA. "ojhimabA custa anuyAyIo to mAMsAhArano niSedha karatA ane pavitra jIvana gALavAthI mANasa sarvocca deva "bAcusa"nI sAthe ekAtmatA meLavI zake che tema paNa mAnatA. oNrphika loko sanyastha jIvana gALatA, madyane to phakta devonA artharUpI pratIkathI vizeSa mAnyatA ApatA nahi ane kharo nazo to daivI sAMnidhyanI tAlAvelImAM ja che tema mAnatA. (gzil History of Western Philosophy - Bertrand Russell - Introduction) tattva vizArad barTrAnDa raselanA maMtavya mujaba orphiphasanA A rahasyavAde tyArabAdanA grIka philasUpha pAyathAgorasa upara asara karI ane je rIte "bAcusa"nI dhArmika mAnyatAone saMskArI svarUpa ApyuM ane te ja rIte "orphiksa"nA tattvajJAnane pAyathAgorase vizeSa saMskArI svarUpa ApyuM. ane A rIte navodita svarUpe orphika saMskRti chevaTe pleTo ane erasaToTala jevA tattvajJo mAraphata pAzcimAtya samAjamAM praveza pAmI. uparanI hakIkata uparathI spaSTa che ke oNrphika loko te samayanA bhAratIya tattvajJAna sAthe saMpUrNa rIte sahamata hatA. hakIkate punarjanma, karma, AtmA, AtmAnI karma-vimukta sthiti vagere tAttvika vicAro chaThThI sadI pahelAM ja seMkaDo varasothI bhAratamAM AkAra laI rahela hatA. ItihAsanA koI paNa samaya-vibhAgamAM pRthvI uparano tatkAlIna vikasita samAja ekabIjAthI taddana alipta rahela nathI. ane samudrataTanA pradezonA loko to samudramAraphata AjubAjunA pradezo sAthe vyApArI tathA sAMskRtika saMbaMdho ghaNI sahelAIthI rAkhI zakatA hatA. 2010_04

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grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka ekya 17 S AthI oNrphika grIko bhAratIya saMskRtithI prabhAvita thayA haze tevuM AthI oSTi, 20 O anumAna jarApaNa asthAne nathI. jahona barneTa karIne eka amerikana vidvAne prAcIna grIka tattvajJAna (Early Greek Philosophy) upara eka abhyAsapUrNa pustaka lakhyuM che temAM temaNe kabUla karyuM che ke tatkAlIna bhAratIya samAjamAM je tattvajJAna vikAsa pAmela hatuM tenI sAthe A oNrphika vicAradhArA Azcaryajanaka rIte maLatI AvatI hatI. paraMtu teo vizeSamAM evuM paNa jaNAve che ke e zakya nathI ke oNrphiko bhAratIya saMskRtithI prabhAvita thayA hoya. AvuM zA mATe zakya nathI tenA koI kAraNo zrI barneTa jaNAvatA nathI. pazcimanA vidvAnono eka varga evo che ke jene bhArata ane cInanA pradezomAM saikAo pahelAM saMskRtino je vikAsa thayela teno abhyAsa nathI ane teo ema ja mAnyatA dharAve che ke A pRthvI upara saMskRtino vikAsa grIka ane romana saMskRtithI ja thayela che. zrI barneTa AvA vidvAno mAMhenA hovA saMbhava che. pItya ane pAzcimAtya tattvajJAnanI vikAsabhinnatAH paraMtu, grIsamAM ane tyArabAda pazcimanA dezomAM tattvajJAnano vikAsa je rIte thayo temAM, ane bhAratIya tattvajJAnanA vikAsamAM, eka ati mahattvano pharaka che ane te e che ke grIka tattvajJAnIonuM lakSya vizeSa pramANamAM bhautika rahyuM jyAre bhAratIya tattvajJAnIonuM lakSya Adhibhautika rahyuM ane pazcimanA dezomAM jema jema vaijJAnika pragati thaI gaI tema tema tenI asara tattvajJAnIonI vicAradhArA upara paNa thatI gaI ane pariNAme oNphaiijhamanA rahasyavAdano paNa aMta Avyo. zrI jahona barneTa A aMge barAbara jaNAve che ke "It looked as if Greek religion were about to enter on the same stage as that already reached by religions of the East and but 2010_04

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18 grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya for the rise of Science, it is hard to see what could have - checked this tendency" (Chept II Early Greek Philo") arthAt : "evuM jaNAya che ke pUrvanA dezonA dharmo je kakSAe pahoMcelA te kakSAe grIsanI dhArmika mAnyatAo paNa pahoMcavAnI taiyArImAM hatI. bhautika vijJAnanA kSetre (pazcimamAM)je pragati thaI te thavA na pAmI hota to pUrvanA dezonI dhArmika kakSAe pahoMcavAnA A valaNanuM zuM pariNAma Avata te kahI zakAya tema nathI." tattvajJAna ane bhautika vijJAna baMnenuM lakSya satya zodhananuM ane vAstava-darzananuM ja rahe che, paraMtu baMnenI kAryapaddhatimAM je pharaka che te ati mahattvano che. bhautika-vijJAnI padArthanuM vizleSaNa karI prayogalakSI buddhigamya anumAno upara AdhAra rAkhI nirNaya upara Ave che jyAre tattvajJAnI vastu darzananI vividhatAnuM rahasya jANavAno prayatna karI svAnubhUti upara AdhAra rAkhI nirNaya kare che pariNAme bhautika vijJAnIno abhiprAya padArthalakSI hoya che jyAre tattvajJAnIno abhiprAya svAnubhavalakSI hoya che, ane te svAnubhavalakSI hovAne kAraNe tattvajJAnanI oLakha "darzana" tarIke thAya che. A rIte satyane pAmavAnA baMnenA rastA judA hoya che paraMtu vastuno bAhya dekhAva ane tenI vAstaviktA te baMne bhinna che, tevI mAnyatA upara ja baMnenI kAryapaddhati racAyela che. sRSTinI utpatti, vizvamAM cAlI rahela aneka prakAranA vaividhyavALo vyavahAra, jIvananA sukhaduHkha tathA viSamatAo, kudarata sAtheno mAnavI saMbaMdha tathA saMgharSa - A tamAmanI pAchaLa koI eka vyavasthAmUlaka baLa hovuM joIe je sRSTinA bAhya svarUpamAM daSTigocara nathI. te baLa zuM che ane tenI kAryapaddhati kevI che vagere praznono ukela zodhavAnuM lakSa tattvajJAnIonuM tathA bhautika vijJAnIonuM 2010_04

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grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya ekasarakhu rahela che. ane A baMne varganI bhinna prakAranI kAryapaddhati hovA chatAM baMne ekabIjAnA pUraka banI zake che. buddhinI jyAM maryAdA Ave che tyAM svAnubhUtiyukta darzana-kAma Ave che ane tethI ja AInsTAIna jevA vijJAnIo rahasyavAdanA tattvajJAnano svIkAra kare che. vastunA bAhya svarUpa ane tenA vAstavika svarUpanI bhinnatA jANyA bAda mANasa jyAre dareka vastunA vAstavika svarUpanuM jJAna meLave che tyAre eka kSaNe tene bhAna thAya che ke vizvanI sArIe racanAmAM koI eka sarvasAmAnya ane saLaMga rIte kAma karato siddhAMta hovo joIe ke jenA prabhAvathI A vizvanA vividha lakSaNonuM Ayojana thatuM hoya. AvA siddhAMtanI zodhamAM yuge yuge ane sthaLe sthaLe manISIoe judA judA khulAsAo karyA. koIe A vizvaracanAnA AyojanamAM IzvaranA astitvane mAnyuM to koIe anAdi ane zAzvate AtmatattvanA astittvane mAnyuM, amuka ciMtakoe evI mAnyatA dharAvI ke saMsAranA tamAma prasaMgo eka nizcita thayela kArya-praNAlikA mujaba ja cAle che ane tenI niyatimAM manuSya prayatna kAMI pheraphAra karI zakato nathI. koI bIjAoe vaLI padArthanA sthAyI svarUpane mahattva ApI te padArthane ja vizva-AyojananA kartA tarIke svIkAryo. mAyalesIana vicAradhArA: bhUmadhya-samudranA pUrva bhAgamAM Avela ezIA mAInoranA pazcimanA samudra-kinArA upara "AyoniyA"no pradeza Avela che je grIsanA dakSiNa pradezanI najIka che. A pradeza atyaMta raLiyAmaNo ane naisargika saundaryathI bharela che. I. pU. chaThThI zatAbdImAM tenI pUrve paIA 2010_04

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20 - grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya (IrAna) tathA IjIpta (mIsara)nAM sAmrAjyo hatAM jenI sAthe tyAMnA vatanIone vyApArI temaja sAMskRtika saMbaMdho hatA. tenI pazcime kArbejanuM rAjaya hatuM. tattvaciMtana mATe A pradeza taddana yogya hato ane tethI tyAM AgaLa I. pU. sAtamI tathA chaThThI sadImAM traNa ciMtako thayA. teo hatA 1. thelIsa (I. pU. 624 - 540) 2. enekjhImenDara (I. pU. 611-547) ane 3. enekjhAmInIjha (I. pU. 588 -para4) A traNe A pradezanA milisa nAmanA eka zrImaMta zaheranA vatanI hatA. eTale temanI vicArasaraNI "mAyalIziyana" vicAradhArA tarIke oLakhAya che. A tattvaciMtakonA samayamAM mIlIsa zahera Azare 500 varSa jUnuM hatuM ane chellAM saMzodhano mujaba A zaheramAM kula judI judI 45 vasAhato hatI. A zahera "AyoniyA" pradezanuM moTAmAM moTuM vyApArI kendra hatuM ane tenA baMdarethI vyApaka pramANamAM AyAta nikAsano vyApAra thato hato "AyoniyA" pradezane te samaye paNa bhArata sAthe sAro saMparka hovAthI tyAMnA lokone bhAratIo "yavana" tarIke oLakhavA lAgyA haze tevI mAnyatA che. mAyalezIana ciMtakonI eka viziSTatA e rahI ke vizvanA mULabhUta tattvanI zodhamAM teoe te samayanI sthApita vicAra-praNAlI mujaba deva devIonA koI IzvarI tattva upara AdhAra nahi rAkhatAM padArtha vijJAna upara ja AdhAra rAkhyo. AnuM eka kAraNa evuM hatuM ke A ciMtako phakta tattvajJAnanA viSayamAM ja rasa dharAvatA hatA tevuM nahotuM. bhautika zAstranA vividha viSayo jevA ke gaNita, khagoLa-vidyA ane padArtha - vijJAnamAM paNa teo sAro rasa dharAvatA hatA. I. pU. chaThThI zatAbdInI bhAratIya vicAra-krAMtiH 2010_04

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21 grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya I. pU. nI sAtamI tathA chaThThI zatAbdImAM bhAratamAM je vaicArika krAMti zarU thaI cUkI hatI teno ahIM ullekha ucita raheze. Aryo bhAratamAM AvavA lAgyA te vAtane AjathI cArathI pAMca hajAra varSo pahelAMnI mUkI zakAya. vizvano sauthI prAcIna graMtha RgRveda gaNAya che te to bhAratamAM AryonA AvavAnuM zarU thayuM te pahelAMno che. Aryo bhAratamAM sthAyI thayA te bAda seMkaDo varSo sudhI je samaya gayo te vaidika kALa gaNI zakAya. tyArabAda vedonA prabhAvathI yajJayAga ane tene lagatA vidhi-vidhAno, ane A vidhi-vidhAno karAvanAra brAhmaNonuM varcasva bhAratIya samAja upara rahyuM ane te aMgenuM je sAhitya hatuM tenA prabhutvane "brAhmaNa-yuga" kahevAya che. samaya jatAM yajJa-yAga ane vidhividhAnothI, temaja temAM thatI hiMsA ane bIjA anAcArothI vyAkuLa thaela ciMtakono varga utpanna thayo ane mAnava jIvananA sukha-duHkha temaja viSamatAnI gahanatAnA ciMtako AtmAbhimukha thatA gayA ane sukhI jIvananA rahasyanI zodha bhautika kSetromAMthI ane daivi baLonI madadamAMthI meLavavAne badale Adhibhautika kSetramAMthI svAnubhavathI meLavavAnI jijJAsA vadhatI cAlI, jene pariNAme yajJa-yAga ane vidhividhAnonI niSphaLatA ane Atma-ciMtananI saphaLatA darzAvatA upaniSadonA A prakAranA ciMtanano prabhAva bhAratIya samAja upara ghaNI UMDI asara jamAvI rahela hato tema jaNAya che. A samayamAM bhAratamAM aneka dizAe tattvaciMtana cAlI rahela hatuM. jIvananI samasyAonA ukela mATe amuka ciMtako "kALa"ne mahattva ApatA, jyAre amuka ciMtako "niyatine mahattva ApatA, ciMtakono bIjo varga "AtmA"ne mahattva Apato to eka varga Izvara, AtmA ke 2010_04

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22 grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya punarjanma - te tamAmano InkAra karI jIvananI bhautika upalabdhiono sukhapUrvaka upayoga karI AnaMda meLavavAno prayatna karavAno upadeza Apato hato. covIsamA tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ane temanA samakAlIna bhagavAna buddha A samayamAM bhAratamAM janmyA. te I. pU.nI chaThThI zatAbdI hatI. A zatAbdInA bhAratIya ciMtakono moTo varga koI trIjI IzvarI zakti ke daivI bhalAmaNonA InkAramAM ja mAnato hato ane vizvanI samasyAonA ukela mATe rahasyamaya Atma saMzodhananA mArge svAnubhava meLavavAnI bhalAmaNa karato. mAyalezIana ciMtakonuM prerakabaLa H barAbara Aja samaye mAlezIana ciMtako AyoniyAnA pradezamAM sRSTi-racanA aMge ciMtana karatA hatA. teo paNa sRSTi-racanAnA saMdarbhamAM ke manuSya jIvananA saMdarbhamAM daivI ke IzvarI tattvanI hastImAM mAnavAne badale tethI svataMtra rIte khulAso meLavavAnI tajavIja karavA lAgyA, tyAM sudhI to teo bhAratIya ciMtakonI sAthe rahyA. paraMtu teo bhAratIyothI tyAre judA paDyA ke jyAre teonI zodhanI bhUmikA bhAratIonI mAphaka Adhibhautika nahi paraMtu bhautika lakSyanI ja rahI. AthI sRSTinA mULabhUta tattvanI zodha mAyalezIana ciMtakoe pANI ane agni jevA bhautika padArthomAM karI. ane vastu aMdara rahela caitanya tattva jIvananI ghaTamALomAM zuM bhAga bhajave che te aMgenA vicArothI ghaNe aMze teo vaMcita rahyA. sRSTinA kArobAra aMgenA ciMtanamAM UMDA UtaravA mATe A ciMtakomAM kayuM preraka baLa kAma karI rahela hatuM tenA javAbamAM amerikana pro. guthe (William Keith Guthrie) temanA pustaka 2010_04

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grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya History of Greek Philosophy mAM jaNAve che ke : "It was curiosity and no thought of mastering the forces of nature in the interest of human welfare or destrection, which led them to those first attempt at a grand simplification of natural phenomena which constitute their chief title to fame." (P.30) arthAt 23 "A ciMtakoe sRSTi racanAnA je sAdA ane saraLa khulAsAo ApavAno prathama prayAsa karyo ane je prayAsa karavA mATe teone khyAti maLI te prayAsonuM prerakabaLa phakta teonI jijJAsA vRtti ja hatI, nahi ke mAnava-jIvananA sukha-duHkhanA upacAra tarIke kudaratanA paribaLono upayoga kevI rIte karavo tenI zodha.'' (pA. 30) uparanI pazcAta bhUmikAmAM have ApaNe upara jaNAvela traNa ciMtakonA vicArapravAhone tapAsIe. 2010_04

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24 grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya 1. thelIsa (Thalis - I. pU. 24 - 540) : grIka tattvajJAnanA pitAmaha tarIke oLakhAtA A ciMtaka eka niSNAta enjiniyara hatA ane gaNitazAstra temaja khagoLazAstranuM paNa sAruM jJAna dharAvatA hatA. A sRSTinI racanAnuM hArda hoya tevuM tattva zuM? tenA javAbamAM teonI mAnyatA hatI ke A vizvamAM je kAMI vastu daSTigocara thAya che tenI hastInA mULamAM pANI che. Ama zA mATe teo mAnatA hatA teno khulAso maLato nathI kAraNa ke temanI A jAtanI mAnyatA hatI tema tyArabAdanA grIka philasUpha erasaToTale lakhela che. teo jaNAve che ke thelIsa ema mAnatA hatA ke A pRthvI pANI upara ja rahela che. joke thelIse pANIne A prakAranuM mahattva kema ApyuM teno khulAso koI AdhAravALI hakIkta uparathI nathI nIkaLato, paNa Adhunika vidvAno ke jeo grIka philasUpho vize lakhe che teono khulAso evo che ke A pRthvI upara moTA bhAgamAM pANI che eTaluM ja nahi paraMtu pRthvI uparanuM samasta jIvana pANI upara ja AdhArita che. jyAM pANI nathI tyAM jIvana nathI ane jyAM jIvana nathI tyAM pRthvI uparanA astitvanI koI kiMmata nathI. AthI koI ema kahe ke A sRSTino AdhArita siddhAMta pANI che, to te vidhAna vaijJAnika daSTie AdhArarahIta nathI. thelIsano pANIno siddhAMta Adhunika vaijJAnika dRSTie barAbara nathI paraMtu tAtvika daSTie tenuM mahattva e che ke A sRSTi koI "Izvare" banAvI che ane tenA uparanA vividha prakAranA banAvo tathA manuSya temaja bIjAM prANIonAM sukha-duHkhane mATe sRSTino koI sarjanahAra javAbadAra che tevI mAnyatA upara pazcimanA pradezomAM A prathama prahAra 2010_04

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25 grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya hato, ane tattvajJonuM dhyAna pazcimanA pradezomAM prathama vakhata e rIte dorAyuM ke sRSTiuparanA banAvono khulAso sRSTinA khudanA pravAhomAMthI meLavavo joIe. pazcimanA dezo mATe A sRSTino kartA "Izvara"nAmanuM koI bAhya tattva nathI te jAtano A vicAra navo hato, joke pUrvanA dezomAM ane khAsa karIne bhAratamAM A prakAranA vicAranI zarUAta saikAo thayA cAlu thaI gaI hatI ane I. pU.nA chaThThA saikAmAM to AvI vicArasaraNI dharAvatA ghaNA ciMtako thayA jemAMnA mahAvIra tathA buddha mukhya hatA. thelIsa ema paNa mAnatA hatA ke All things are full of Gods" (tamAma vastuomAM IzvarInivAsa che). temanI A mAnyatAne anurUpa temanA bIjA samakAlIna anekajhImenDarano siddhAMta "Primary substance" (mULabhUta prAthamika tattvono hato. A bIjA ciMtaka anenkrImenDara viSe vicAra karIe te pahelAM thelIsanA bhautika zAstramAM thayela pradAna viSe TUMko paricaya karavAnuM ucita gaNAze. heroDoTasa (Herodotus) nAmanA eka grIka ItihAsakAra thelIsa bAda lagabhaga 150 varSo pachI thayela. teoe thelIse Apela sUryagrahaNanA amuka mukarara divasa aMge AgAhI karela tevuM jaNAvyuM te uparathI thelIsanA jIvananA amuka abhyAsIoe evuM anumAna karyuM ke thelIsane khagoLazAstranuM sAruM jJAna hatuM. paraMtu pro. eNthenI mAnyatA evI che ke thelIsane khagoLazAstranuM jJAna nahotuM paraMtu amuka divase sUryagrahaNa thaze tevuM temanuM anumAna sUrya ane caMdranA grahaNo amuka samaye niyamita rIte thayA kare che te uparathI karavAmAM AvyuM hoya tevo 2010_04 WWW.jainelibrary.org

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26 grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya saMbhava vizeSa che. (juo. pA. 47 "Hist. of GreekPhilo."Part- W.K.C Guthrie) gaNitazAstramAM paNa thelIsanuM pradAna mahattvanuM gaNAya che. mAnyatA evI che ke teo IjiptamAM gayela ane te samaye IjiptamAM gaNitanuM jJAna sArI rIte vikAsa pAmela hatuM. ItihAsakAro ema paNa mAne che ke IjiptamAM meLavela gaNitanuM jJAna thelase pote viksAvyuM ane khAsa karIne jayomeTrInA nIcenA siddhAMto temaNe sthApita karyA. (1) eka vartulanA be sarakhA bhAga tenA DAyAmITarathI thAya. (2) eka AIsosIlIsa trikoNa (jenI be bAjuo sarakhA mApanI hoya)nI nIcenI lITI (beIjha lAIna) upara je khUNAo paDe te sarakhA mApanA hoya. (3) jyAre be lITIo ekabIjAne kApe tyAre je sAmasAmA khUNA paDe te sarakhA mApanA hoya. (4) eka vartuLanA ardhA vartuLamAM je khUNo bane te 90 DigrIno ja hoya. (5) koIpaNa eka lITInA be cheDA upara kATa-khUNAthI nAnA mApanA khUNA doravAmAM Ave to cheDe eka trikoNa bane. gaNitazAstra I. pU. chaThThI zatAbdI pahelAM paNa bhArata, arabastAna Ijipta vagere sthaLoe vikAsa jarUra pAmela paraMtu pazcimanA pradezo mATe tene Adhunika svarUpa ApavAmAM thelIsano phALo mahattvano hato. thelIse gaNitazAstranA A jJAnano upayoga samudra upara taratA vahANo keTale dUra che tenuM mApa kADhavAmAM tathA pIrAmIDonA paDachAyA 2010_04

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grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya uparathI tenI UMcAInuM mApa jANavAmAM karyo. eka mAnyatA evI che ke thelIsa eka sArA Ijanera hatA ane tethI teNe helIsa nadInA pravAhanI dizA pheravI Apela. je. barneTa temanA pustaka "Greek Philosophy"mAM jaNAve che ke thelIsa temanA jamAnAnA evA prabhAvazALI ane sanmAnIya vyakti hatA ke grIsanA sAta RSio gaNAtA temAM temanuM agra sthAna hatuM. 27 erIsToTalanA graMtha "poliTiksa"mAM thelIsa aMgeno eka prasaMga ItihAsakAro TAMke che te e che ke AkAzI grahonA paribhramaNa uparathI teo jANI zakyA ke amuka samaye olivano pAka sAro Utaraze. AthI temaNe AgotarA oliva pIsavAnA badhA kArakhAnAo bhADe rAkhyA ane jyAre mosamano pAka Avyo tyAre te pIsavAnA bhAva potAne yogya lAge tevA lIdhA ane sArI kamANI karI. (juo. barTeDa 2sela "History of Western Philosophy pA. naM. 26) A prakAre pazcima - saMskRtinA bahumukhI pratibhAsaMpanna pitAmaha thelIsanuM jIvana hatuM. 2010_04

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28 grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya 2. enekTImenDara Anaximander I. pU. 611540 grIka tattvajJAnanA prathama praNetAH grIka tattvajJAnanA kharA praNetA ane jANyuM ke ajANya tata samayanA bhAratIya tattvajJAnanA sama-vicAraka enekTImenDara temanA purogAmI thelIsathI tattva vicAraNAmAM ghaNA AgaLa vadhyA, ane sRSTinA sarjana tathA tenA astitvamAM dekhAtA vividha AvirbhAvo UMDANathI samajavAno prayatna pazcimanA tattvajJAnIomAMthI prathama temaNe ja karyo. sRSTinuM asIma tattva : A sRSTinI racanA koI IzvarI bAhya tattvathI nathI thaI tevA thelIsanA mata sAthe teo sahamata thayA ane ema paNa sahamata thayA ke saMsAranAM A je anekavidha pAsAMo dRzyamAna thAya che te tamAmanuM koI eka sarva sAmAnya strota hovuM joIe ke jyAMthI te utpanna thAya che ane temAMja vilaya pAme che, paraMtu te srota pANI, agni, havA ke pRthvI jevuM koI parivartanazIla tattva nathI kemake A tamAma parivartanazIla tattvo mahadaMze ekabIjAnA saMgharSamAM AvanAra hoI nAzane pAtra che. AthI sRSTinI racanA temaja tenA saMcAlanamAM vyavasthA temaja samatulA jALavavA eka evuM tattva kAma karatuM hovuM joIe ke je "asIma" (Boundless) ajanmA ane avinAzI hoya, je bhautika elal Eyni ze 2934 tel. (All things are made of some common stuff. But this could be "boundless something.") RA10 tattva zuM che, tenA guNadharmo kevI rIte kAma karatA haze, tenuM svarUpa kahevuM haze te bAbatanI temaNe koI spaSTatA karI nathI ane te koI "asIma 2010_04

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grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya 29 cIja" (Boundless Something) che teTaluM ja kahyuM. tenA guNadharmo vize ema kahyuM ke A mULabhUta tattva evo hovo joIe ke temAMthI ja judA judA prakAranA virodhAbhAsI guNadharmovALA padArtho jevA ke ThaMDI-garamI utpanna thAya ane amuka saMgharSane pariNAme pAchA temAM ja temano vilaya thAya. daSTAMtarUpe pANI ane tApanA saMgharSanA pariNAme bASpIbhavana thAya, jenA pariNAme vAdaLAM thAya ane temAMthI vaLI pAchuM pANI utpanna thAya. temaNe potAnA siddhAMtane nIcenA zabdomAM A asIma tattvanuM varNana karyuM: "It is a substance from which things take their rise, they pass away once more, as is ordained, for they make reparation and satisfaction to one another for their justice according to the ordering of time." arthAt "A asIma cIja e che ke jemAMthI tamAma vastuo utpanna thAya che ane niyati mujaba temAM ja pAchI vilaya thAya che ane A rIte niyatinA siddhAMta mujaba ja ekabIjA virodhI tattvonA saMgharSane pariNAme je tattvane nukasAna thayuM hoya che teno "nyAyI (Just) badalo" paNa maLe che." A vidhAnonI samajaNa ApatAM zrI baTTenDa rasela jaNAve che ke : "A jagatamAM pANI, agni ane pRthvInA judA judA bhautika padArtho astitva dharAve che paraMtu te tamAma ekabIjAnA saMgharSamAM potapotAnuM sAmrAjya vistAravAnA prayatnamAM che. paraMtu eka kudaratI kAnUna A saMgharSanuM niyaMtraNa kare che ane samatulA jALavI rAkhe che. dA.ta., jyAre agni koI vastune bALe che tyAre rASTra utpanna thAya che eTale ke baLela vastunI jagyA pRthvI le che. pariNAme agninuM sArvabhaumatva sthapAI zakatuM nathI ane kudaratI samatulatA jaLavAI rahe che. A paristhitine. 2010_04

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30 grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya teo "nyAyI badalo" kahe che (History of Western Philo. P 27) A prakAranA guNadharmovALA tattvane temaNe ajara-amara ane rUparaMga rahitanuM kahyuM chatAM ema kahyuM ke te "bhautika" che. temanI A mAnyatA spaSTa rIte virodhAbhAsI che kemake je vastu arUpI che ane je ajara-amara che te "bhautika" kema hoI zake? dareka "bhautika vastuno aMtargata guNadharma rUpAMtaratA ane asthiratAno che, te Indriyagamya hovAthI arUpI hoI zake nahi AthI anekjhImenDara jene "Boundless Something" kahe che te "bhautika" hoI zake ja nahi. te vastu "Adhibhautika" che jene bhAratIya darzana zAstro "AtmA", "paramAtmA", "jIva" agara "brahma" kahe che. asIma tattva bhautika hoI zake? pazcimanA amuka philasUphonI eka dhUna evI rahI che ke A sRSTinI racanA ane tenA vaividhyano khulAso sRSTinA ja bhautika tattvothI thavo joIe kemake te tattvo ja buddhigamya che ane je kAMI buddhigamya nathI te bahudhA taraMgI ane avizvasanIya che. A prakAranI dhUna vaijJAnika ke tArkika nathI kAraNa ke manuSyanI buddhi "asIma', eTale ke anekTImenDaranA zabdomAM kahIe to "Boundless" nathI. ane je asIma che, je zAzvata che tenuM mApa sImita vastu, jenuM svarUpa kSaNika che tenAthI thaI zake tema mAnavuM te ja moTI buddhihInatA che. AvI eka "asIma" vastuno jagatanA niyaMtA tarIke ullekha karyA bAda prazna e UThe che ke jo tema hoya to jagatamAM paraspara virodhI tattvono je saMgharSa mAlUma paDe che ane jene kAraNe aneka viSamatAo utpanna thAya che te virodhI tattvo kevI rIte ane kyAMthI Ave che? A 2010_04

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31 grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya praznanA javAbamAM eneksImenDara jaNAve che ke vizvanI tamAma vastuo gatizIla che ane tethI A "asIma" tattva paNa gatizIla hoIne tenI gati ja be paraspara virodhI tattvone je tenAmAM nihita ja rahela che, tene bahAra lAve che. te baMne virodhI tattvo vacce gharSaNa thayA bAda je pariNAma niSpanna thAya che te vizvamAM samatulA utpanna kare che ane A rIte saMsAra pragati kare che. amerikana vidvAna epha. ema. kornaphorDa (E M. Cornford) A bAbata enekjhImenDaranuM maMtavya samajAvatAM nIce mujaba kahe che: "We see, then that the general secheme of the growth of the world is this : The one primary stuff, called "Nature", is sagregeted into provinces, each the domain of one element. And this is a "inoral" order, in the sense that transgression of its boundaries, the plundering of one element by another to make an individual thing is injustice, unrighteousness. The penalty is death and dissolution. No snigle thing can begin to exist without an infraction of this destined order. Birth is a crime and growth an aggravated robbery." arthAt A vizvanI pragatinI racanA nIce mujaba (enekTImenDaranA mata mujaba) che. kudarata" nAmanuM eka mULabhUta tattva che te judA judA tAtvika vibhAgomAM vaheMcAyela che, jenA koIpaNa eka vibhAganuM bIjA vibhAga uparanuM AkramaNa anyAya ane anainiktAmAM pariName che ane tethI te anaitika Thare che. AvI anaitiktAnuM AkharI pariNAma mRtyu ke vinAzamAM Ave che. A eka evI nizcita vyavasthA che ke jeno bhaMga 2010_04

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~~~~~~~ grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya ~~~~~~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~-~karIne koIpaNa vastu TakI zakatI nathI. AthI vyaktigata astitva e jo guno che, to vyaktigata vikAsa e vikasita lUMTa che." enekjhImenDara bAdanI aDhAra-ogaNIsamI sadInA jarmana tattvaciMtaka hegala (I. sa. 1770-1831)nA Thesis, Anti-thesis ane synthesis (sthiti, viparita sthitino saMgharSa ane temAMthI utpanna thatI saMvAdIya paristhiti)nA siddhAMtanuM ahIM bIja rahela jaNAya che. asIma" tattvanI gatizIlatAnuM prerakabaLa zuM?? paraMtu A "asIma" tattvanI gatizIlatA pAchaLa karyuM prerakabaLa che teno khulAso na to enekjhImenDare karyo ke na karyo tenI bAdanA purANA ke Adhunika tattvaciMtakoe. ene jhImenDare to A gatizIlatAne "as is ordained for" (niyati mujaba) che tema kahIne choDI dIdhI. AvI niyati zA mATe che? teno javAba AjasudhI pAzcimAtya ciMtako ApI zakyA nathI. hakIkate to enekjhImenDara "asImatA"nI ane "Primary substance" (mULabhUta ane prAthamika tattvonI vAta karIne bhAratIya tattvaciMtakonI ghaNI najIka AvyA hatA, paraMtu A mULabhUta tattvanI zodha bhautika vastuomAM karavAnI dhUnamAM vizvaracanAmAM je Adhibhautika tattva - jIva, AtmA agara brahma che ane jeno guNadharma gatizIlatA arpavAno che tenA tarapha tenuM dhyAna gayuM nahi. pariNAme tattvajJAnanI rahasyanI vAtothI pazcimanI vicArasaraNI alipta rahI. jayAre bhAratIya tattvaciMtako viSayanA UMDANamAM UtarI batAvI zakyA ke jagatanI dareka vastune gatizIlatA ApanAra caitanya tattva che ane te caitanya tattvanI gatithI ja dareka jIva kAryazIla bane che. A kAryazIlatA 2010_04

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33 grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya vividha prakAranA karmanuM upArjana kare che. mahAna vaijJAnika nyuTananA mata mujaba dareka kArya (karma) (Action) no pratyAghAta (Reaction) thAya che jene pariNAme jagatamAM vividha prakAranA saMjogo - sArA temaja naThArA utpanna thAya che. pAzcAtya tattvajJAnIoe enekTImenDaramAM "as it is ordained" zabdone phakta mysticism (rahasyamayatA)nuM nAma ApI te Scientific (vaijJAnika) nathI tema kahyuM, "vijJAna" no artha tarka ane dalIlothI je vizeSa jJAna prApta thAya tevo thato hoya to bhAratIya tattvajJono karmano siddhAMta saMpUrNa vaijJAnika che, ane tattvajJAna (PhilosophynuM kharuM svarUpa raju kare che amerikana vidvAna jahona barneTa kahe che tema "grIka loko sivAya vizvamAM phakta bhAratIyo ja evI prajA hatI ke jeNe kharuM tattvajJAna zuM che te batAvyuM." (juo : Early Greek Philosophy 414 Ed. P. 18) utkrAntino siddhAMta tathA bIjI labdhioH enenkrImenDare AgaLa vadhIne temanA samAjane jIvonI utkrAntino siddhAMta paNa samajAvyo ane nAnA jIvamAMthI vikAsa pAmela moTA jIvo kevI rIte astitvamAM Ave che te batAvyuM ane A rIte DArvinanA purogAmI vicArakanuM sthAna meLavyuM. thelIsanI mAnyatA hatI ke pRthvI pANImAM tarI rahI che. enekTImenDare kahyuM ke A vidhAna barAbara nathI paraMtu pRthvI je nALAkAra rUpe che te be grahonI vacce sarakhA aMtare rahI TakI zakI che. gurutvAkarSaNanA siddhAMtanuM ahIM bIjAropaNa che. 2010_04

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grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya grIkone prathama vakhata bhaugolika nakzo eksImenDare Apyo. ene kjhImenDaranA mata mujaba A sRSTinI racanA koI bAhya sattAe karI nathI paraMtu samasta sRSTi ApameLe vikasita thayela che. Rtuone mApavAnuM sUryadarzaka yaMtra (Sun Dial)prathama eneksImenDare zodhyuM. A rIte A ciMtake mAnava jIvananA ghaNA agatyanA kSetromAM agratA bharI pahela karI. epha. ema. kornaphorDanA kahevA mujaba : "Anaximander's great achievement which stamps him as man of genius, is the partially successful effort of thought by which he attempted to distinguish the primary physis from visible elements. 34 (juo : "From Religion of philosophy" P. 144) arthAt H "eneksImenDarane eka pratibhAzALI vyaktitva arpatI koI eka siddhi hoya to te e che ke sRSTinA mULabhUta tattvane dRzyamAna vastuothI bhinna rIte darzAvavAno teNe prayatna karyo." 2010_04

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35 grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya eneksImInIsa (Anaximenes) I. pU. 588 thI 524 : mAIlesIana tripuTInA A chellA ciMtaka. milipsa zaherano nAza Ayoniyana baLavAne kA2Ne I. pU. 494mAM thayo te pahelAM A ciMtaka thayA. temanA kahevA mujaba sRSTinuM mULabhUta tattva havA (Air) che. havA agara vAyune te AtmA sAthe sarakhAvatAM kahe che : "Just as our soul, being air, holds our bodies together, breath-air eneompasses the wide world" arthAt "je rIte ApaNo AtmA je vAyu svarUpe che te, ApaNA zarIrane TakAvI rAkhe che teja rIte vAyu samasta jagatane TakAve che." A rIte eneksImenDare je vAtano InkAra karela te vAtane punarjIvita karI pANIne badale vAyune sRSTinA AdhArarUpa A ciMtake gaNyuM. paraMtu prazna e Ubho thayo ke jo vAyu sRSTinA AdhArarUpa hoya ane tamAma vastuo vAyumAMthI ja banI hoya to sRSTimAM je padArtho ghanarUpa che ane pravAhIrUpa che te kevI rIte thayA ? tenA javAbamAM eneksImInIsa kahe che ke te tamAma padArtho vAyunA saMkocana ane vistAranuM pariNAma che. vAyunA saMkocanathI te ghana svarUpa pakaDe che jyAre vistArathI pravAhI svarUpa pakaDe che ane chevaTe tamAma ghana tathA pravAhI vastuo vAyumAM ja vilIna thaze. A rIte kudaratamAM thatA tamAma pheraphAro eka yAMtrika paddhatithI ApoApa thayA kare che. vAyunA dabANane pariNAme judA judA prakAranI ghanatA judI judI paristhitine janmAve che. 2010_04

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grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya temanA kahevA pramANe avakAzamAM pRthvI paNa vAyu upara ja UbhI che. pRthvIno AkAra temanA mate thALI jevo goLa che. eneksImInIse A sRSTinA mULabhUta tattva tarIke vAyunI pasaMdagI kema karI te bAbata vidvAnono mata evo che ke jyAre temaNe joyuM ke vAyunI gerahAjarImAM jIva-sRSTi asaMbhavita che tyAre temane khAtrI thaI ke vAyuthI ja A sRSTi TakI rahela che. paraMtu ghana temaja pravAhI padArthonI hastI paNa jyAre vAyunA saMkocana tathA prasAraNa sAthe temaNe joDI tyAre temano vicAra abhigama keTalo vaijJAnika hato tenI zaMkA che. 36 pAzcAtya vidvAnomAMnA amuka to temane eneksImenDara karatAM paNa vadhu agatyanuM sthAna ApI temanA vaijJAnika' abhigamanA vakhANa kare che ane sRSTinA mULabhUta tattvanI bhautika oLakha ApavA biradAve che te jarUra Azcarya utpanna kare che. koIpaNa hisAbe sRSTinA mULabhUta tattvane bhautika svarUpa ApavAmAM ja "vijJAna"nI paripUrti thAya che tevI mAnyatA koI sAcA vaijJAnikanI to na ja hoI zake. koIpaNa atArkika ane asaMgata vAtone vijJAna"mAM khapAvI zakAya to te vijJAnanuM ja apamAna che. eneksImenDarano abhigama ekadama tArkika hato ane temAM koIpaNa kahevApaNuM rahetuM hoya to te eTaluM ja ke teNe paNa asImita temaja amUrta tattvane bhautiktA ApavA prayatna karyo je taddana vyartha hato. eneksImInIse vAyune AtmA sAthe sarakhAvyo tenuM kAraNa zuM ? bhAratamAM pracalita prANAyAmanI paddhatinA mULamAM zvAsane AtmajAgRtinA prayAsamAM ati agatya ApavAmAM Ave che, paraMtu zvAsa ane AtmAne eka gaNavAmAM AvatA nathI. A prANAyAmanI paddhatithI 2010_04

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grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya enekjhImInIsa keTalA vAkepha haze te prazna che ane te vAkepha hoya to paNa keTale aMze teo te paddhatine samajyA haze te paNa prazna che. milisa zaherano nAza thayA bAda mAyalezIana vicAradhArAno aMta Avyo. paraMtu sRSTinA sarjana tathA saMcAlana bAbatanI svataMtra vicAradhArAnI je zarUAta mAyalezIana tripuTIe karI te jarUra cAlu rahI. 2010_04

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38 grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya pAyathAgorasa - (Pythagoras) I. pU. 582 - 405 sAmosathI krosaH temanA janmanI koI cokkasa tArIkha ke varSa upalabdha nathI paraMtu temano janma grIka TApu sAmosamAM thayela. te samaye sAmosa tenI samRddhimAM milipsa zaheranuM harIpha gaNAtuM. tyAMno rAjA polIkreTasa prajAdrohI ane krUra rAjakartA tarIke jANIto hato. tenI pAse sAruM evuM moTuM naukAdaLa hatuM jeno upayoga te samudra uparanI lUMTaphATa arthe karato. tenA atyAcArothI nArAja thaIne pAyathAgorase sAmosa TApunuM raheThANa choDyuM ane dakSiNa ITAlImAM Avela zahera krosamAM vasavATa karyo. krosamAM te vakhate eka jANItA DaoNkTara DemosIDIsa karIne hatA je sAmosanA rAjA polITasanA tathA IrAnanA DArIasanA rAjavaidya hatA ane pAyathAgorasanA mitra hatA. temanA kahevAthI pAyathAgorase kroTasamAM nivAsa karyo haze tema manAya che. pAyathAgorase krosa zaherane navuM baMdhAraNa ApyuM ane temanA tyAMnA nivAsa bAda kroTasanI samRddhi paNa vadhI. teo tyAM prajApriya thaI paDyA ane potAnA anuyAyIono eka Azrama paNa tyAM bAMdhyo. bhAratIya asaraH mAnava ItihAsamAM je bahuvidha pratibhA dharAvanAra vyaktio thaela che ane je vyaktioe pote svIkArelA tattvajJAnane jIvanamAM AcarI batAvIne tene "darzana"nuM svarUpa ApeluM che tevI vyaktio mAMhenI eka vyaktinI oLakha have ApaNe karIe chIe. sokreTIsa pahelAMnA grIka mahAnubhAvomAM zreSTha evA pAyathAgorasane bhAratano 2010_04

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(39 grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya sAmAnya mANasa jo jANato haze to te bhUmitinA temanA nAma upara caDela eka siddhAMta (Theorem) mAraphata ja. paraMtu tenA jIvananI je lAkSaNiktAo pazcimanA vidvAnoe noMdhI che ane je teo mahadaMze samajI zakyA nathI, te lAkSaNiktAo pAyathAgorasane prAcIna bhAratanA RSinI tulanAmAM mUke che. ApaNane ajAyaba kare teTalI hade teonA vicAro tathA jIvanapaddhati saMpUrNa rIte bhAratIya hatI ane teoe pUrvanA dezono vistRta pravAsa karyo hato teTaluM svIkAravA chatAM teo bhAratIya saMskRtithI prabhAvita thayA hatA tevI bharapUra zakyatAvALI vAta svIkAravA moTAbhAganA pazcimanA vidvAno taiyAra nathI. agAu jaNAvyuM tema duniyAnA ItihAsamAM koI paNa samaye madhya ezIAnI ane AphrikA, bhUmadhya samudra tathA ezIAnA pazcima samudra taTanI prajA ekabIjAnA vyApArI tathA sAMskRtika saMsargathI alipta rahI zakI nathI ane tethI ja nadI taTanI je saMskRti nAIlanA taTa upara IjiptamAM, yukreTIsa-TIgrIsa nadIonA taTa upara sumera (hAlanA IrAka)mAM, InDogejenTIka taTa upara bhAratamAM ane cInamAM utpanna thaI tema ja vikAsa pAmI temAM atyaMta sAmya hatuM. AthI sokreTIsa pUrvenI grIka saMskRtimAM oNphrijhama, enekjhImenDara, pAyathAgorasa heraklayaTasa, jhenophenIsa, pArminiDasa, empo DoklIsa, enerjhegorasa, DemokriTasa ane bIjAo thayA teo bhAratIya ane cInI saMskRti, je temanA pahelAM saukAothI vikAsa pAmela hatI tenAthI, taddana alipta rahyA haze tema mAnavuM te atArkika ane avaijJAnika che. hisTarI opha grIka philosaphI"nA lekhaka pro. gudde pAyathAgorasanA prazaMsaka che ane temanA pustakanA bhAga-1mAM temaNe 2010_04

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grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya pAyathAgorasanA jIvana siddhAMtonI samIkSA atyaMta jhINavaTathI karI che. teo jaNAve che ke "pAyathAgorasanA vicAromAM paurvAtya vicAronI chApa bAbata vidvAnomAM sAro rasa pedA thayo che ane temanA saMbaMdho phakta IrAna (parzIA) sAthenA ja nahi paraMtu bhArata ane cIna sAthenA paNa hatA tevuM sAbita karavAnA prayatno thayA che paraMtu "jhelara" kahe che tema bhArata ane cIna sAthenA temanA saMbaMdhono purAvo ghaNo "nabaLo'' che. teo vizeSamAM jaNAve che ke "pAyathAgorasanA punarjanma vizenA vicAro tathA mAMsAhArano niSedha ane saMkhyAmaya sRSTi racanA bAbatanI tathA bIjI rahasyanI vAto uparathI teonI "bhAratIyatA" bAbata tathA be virodhAbhAsI tattvonI cAInIjha 'cIna-yAMga'" siddhAMta sAthenI sarakhAmaNIthI teonA cIna sAthenA saMparka bAbata AvI asara utpanna thAya, paraMtu te pUratuM nathI.' (juo. pA. 251-252) 40 bIjA eka lekhaka pro. je. bI. hyusa paNa temanA pustaka "InTroDakzana Tu grIka philosophI"mAM jaNAve che ke "je koI vyakti "bhAratIya vicArasaraNIthI vAkepha che tene pAyathAgorasanA vicAro ane bhAratIya vicAromAM noMdhapAtra sAmya jaNAyA vinA raheze nahi ane vadhAre agatyanI hakIkata to e che ke bhAratanA siddhArtha gautama buddha pAyathAgorasanA sakAlIna hatA. Ama chatAM baMne vicArasaraNIoe ekabIjA upara asara karI hoya tevI zakyatA ghaNI dUranI (Remote) che.'" (juo pA. 35) Ano artha ema thayo ke A vidvAnanA mata mujaba gautama buddhanI vicArasaraNI bhAratamAMja sImita paDI rahI ane pAyathAgorasanI bhUmadhya samudranA taTavartI pradezomAM ja aTavAI rahI ane tema chatAM 2010_04

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41 grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya. baMne svataMtra rIte eka ja vicAranA banI gayA !! pro. barneTa paNa Aja prakArano vicAra dharAve che. A uparathI evI chApa jarUra UbhI thAya che ke pazcimanA amuka vidvAnone e vAta pasaMda nathI ke pUrvanA ciMtako pAsethI paNa kAMIka zIkhI zakAya che. - khera ! te je hoya te, pAyathAgorase tadana svataMtra rIte bhAratIya vicArasaraNIne apanAvI tema mAnIne ApaNe AgaLa cAlIe to paNa te vicArasaraNI zuM hatI te jovAnuM agatyanuM che. dArzanika jIvana: pazcimamAM grIka samayathI Aja sudhImAM tattvaciMtananI dizAmAM ghaNA vidvAno thayA jeNe bhautika vijJAnanI sAthe ja tattvajJAnanA kSetre ati amUlya phALo Apela che. paraMtu sAmAnyata: teoe tattvajJAna (Philosophy) ane dharma (Religion)ne judA judA viSayo gaNyA che. eTale eka philosophara dhArmika puruSa paNa hoya tevuM temaNe jarUrI nathI gayuM. bhAratIya saMskRtino abhigama A bAbatamAM sAre aMze bhinna che kAraNa ke je philasUphI jIvanamAM UtarI na hoya tenI kiMmata eka bauddhika vilAsathI vizeSa bhAratamAM aMkAI nathI. buddhinI tIvratA ke vizALatA game teTalI hoya paraMtu tenI amuka sImA to che ja ke jethI vizeSa AgaLa te jaI zakatI nathI. AthI UlaTuM anubhavanI koI sImA nathI. sAmAnya buddhino mANasa paNa mahAvIra ke buddhanI kakSAe pahoMcI zake che. jIsasa krAIsTa, mahaMmada payagaMbara, rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa, ramaNa maharSi, gurudeva nAnaka, mahAtmA kabIra, narasiMha mahetA, saMta tukArAma-temAMnA koI ati zikSita ke buddhipradhAna nahotA paraMtu temanA svAnubhavane baLe teo Aja sudhI jagatane doravaNI ApI rahyA che. 2010_04

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42 grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya AthI ja tattvajJAna - philasUphIne - bhAratIyo "darzana zAstra" tarIke oLakhe che - je joyuM che, anubhavyuM che teja AkharI satya che. maryAdita buddhithI prApta thayela niSkarSa satya hoya ke nA paNa hoya. kemake te anubhavanI eraNa upara mukAyela nathI. mAre mana pAyathAgorasanA jIvananI ane teNe prarUpela siddhAMtonI je mahAnatA che te A dRSTie che ke teoe je kAMI kahyuM te pramANe jIvavAno temaNe prayatna karyo ane bIjAone te mujaba jIvavAnI preraNA ApI. temanuM A pradAna temaNe bhArata pAsethI meLavela hoya ke svataMtra rIte prApta karela hoya te prastuta vAta nathI. prastuta vAta to e che ke temaNe je vicAryuM te amalamAM mukavAno prayatna karyo. mAIlesIana ciMtakonI peThe "To be is to be material" (jIvana eTale bhautiktA) ema kahIne besI rahyA nahi paraMtu "To be is to become" (jIvI batAvavuM te jIvana)no siddhAMta grahaNa karyo. kamanasIbe pazcimanA amuka vidvAno pAyathAgorasanA A abhigamane AvakArI zakyA nathI - kadAca samajI zakyA paNa nathI. amerikAnI yela yunivarsiTInA prophesara DaoN. robarTa brumabAgha (Brumbaugh) temanA pustaka "philosopharsa oNpha grIsa"mAM pAnA 31 upara kharuM ja kahe che ke : "Later historians, from the time of Aristotle on wards have found it difficult to see how the two sides of Pythogoreanism, the scientific and religious or ethieal, could have existed together, for by Aristotlel's time a sharp distinction between science and religion had come to the taken for granted" 2441d "erisaToTala ane tenA pachInA ItihAsakAro e vastu samajI zakyA 2010_04

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43 grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya nathI ke pAyathAgorasanA zikSaNamAM vaijJAnika ane dhArmika temaja naitika tattvo sAthe kema rahI zakyAM? AnuM kAraNa e che ke erisaToTalanA samayathI ja vijJAna ane dharma vacceno bheda ghaNo ja spaSTa che tevI samaja ghara karI gaI che." hakIkate vijJAna ane dharma vacceno je bheda che te kAryapaddhatino cheaMtima lakSyano nathI kemake aMtima lakSya to baMnenuM satya zodhavAnuM che. ane te lakSya siddha karavA baMne ekabIjAnA pUraka banI zake che. AzramanuM dharmadaSTie sahajIvana: pAyathAgorasa A vAta samajyA ane tethI ja dharmanI dRSTie jIvana jIvavA mATe vijJAna kevI rIte madadarUpa thaI zake tenA prayoga mATe temaNe Azrama jIvananI zarUAta karI. temanA AzramamAM tapomaya sahajIvana jIvavAnI bhAvanA hovAthI saMpUrNa zista jALavavAmAM AvatI. pleTo tenA "rIpablIkamAM jaNAve che te rIte "He lowed his reputation to establishing a certain way of life" eTale ke "jIvana jIvavAnI je cokkasa paddhati teNe svIkArela tenAthI tene khyAti maLI hatI. tenA AzramamAM koIpaNa prakAranA bhedabhAva vinA puruSa tathA strIone dAkhala karavAmAM AvatAM. temanI tamAmanI milakata sahamAlikInI gaNavAmAM AvatI eTaluM ja nahi paNa vaijJAnika agara gaNitazAstramAMnI koI navI zodha karavAmAM Ave to te paNa saMyukta mahenatanI ane sahamAlikInI gaNavAmAM AvatI. pAyathAgorasanA anuyAyIonA parasparanA maitrI saMbaMdho, nisvArthavRtti ane pramANiktA jANItAM hatAM. A aMgenI eka vArtA evI che ke sIreksa (Syrecuse) nA saramukhatyAra DAyonisase 2010_04 WWW.jainelibrary.org

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44 grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya (Dionysius) jyAre A lokonA maitrI saMbaMdhonI vAta jANI tyAre tenI cakAsaNI karavA teNe DAmona (Damon) nAmanA eka anuyAyIne keda pakaDyo ane motanI sajA pharamAvI. AthI Demone potAnI kauTuMbika vyavasthA karavAno samaya mAMgyo. DAyonisase tenI mAMgaNI e zarate kabUla rAkhI ke tenA koI mitrane bAnamAM rAkhe. AthI Demonano mitra pIthIAsa (Pythias) bAna rahyo ane Demona pAcho Avyo tyAM sudhI tenI badalImAM jelamAM rahyo. DAyonisasane khAtarI thavAthI baMnene InAma ApI choDI mUkyA ane potAne temanI mitratAmAM bheLavavA mAMgaNI karI paraMtu te svIkArAI nahi. pAyathAgorasanA anuyAyIonA sahajIvananA anivArya bhAga tarIke saMgIta ane gaNitane sthAna maLatuM. eka vidvAnanA kahevA pramANe tenA AzramamAM "zarIrane svaccha rAkhavA davA, ane AtmAne svastha rAkhavA saMgItano upayoga thato, khorAka ane pANI kevA prakAranA levAya te upara khAsa dhyAna ApavAmAM AvatuM ane davA levA karatAM naisargika bAhyopacArane vizeSa mahattva apAtuM. pleTo jaNAve che ke pAyathAgorasa eka kuzaLa vaktA tathA zikSaka hatA ane temanA anuyAyIonI atyaMta prazaMsA ane prema pAmI zakatA hatA. tenA A kAmamAM vyaktinI yAdazaktinI khIlavaNI mATe khAsa keLavaNI ApavAmAM AvatI, jevI ke savAramAM UThIne Agale divase kramabaddha zuM pravRtti karI te yAda karI javuM. ema kahevAya che ke pAyathAgorasa pote potAnA pUrvajanmanI vAto yAda karI zakatA hatA. temanA AzramavAsIone evuM zikSaNa ApavAmAM AvatuM ke jevI 2010_04

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grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya 45 rIte mAnava samAja tenA judA judA vibhAgomAM sAmaMjasya jALavIne ja pragati karI zake che teja rIte A vizva paNa tenA tamAma vibhAgomAM sAmaMjasya jALavI zake to ja te pragati karI zake che mATe dareka mAnavInI e pharaja thaI paDe che ke teNe potAnA jIvanamAM vyavasthA ane sAmaMjasya vyavahAra jALavavA. teo potAnI vAtane "Sophos" (wise man) tarIke bIjA philasUphonI peThe oLakhAvatA nahi, paraMtu "Philosophos" (lover of wisdom) (zANapaNanA premI) tarIke oLakhAvatA. karmAnusAra punarjanmaH teo mAnatA ke AtmA che ane te amara che tema ja karmAnusAra navo janma le che. pazcimanA vidvAnone A vAta vicitra jaNAtI hatI ane temanA samayamAM to AvI vAta gAMDapaNavALI lAgatI haze tethI temanA ja samayanA eka bIjA philasUpha jhenophenIsa (Xenophanes) I.pU. pAyathAgorasanA punarjanmanA siddhAMtanI mazkarI uDAvatA nIcenI vAta kavitA rUpe kahela che - eka samaye pAyathAgorasa eka sthaLethI pasAra thatA hatA tyAre temaNe eka mANasane eka kUtarAne mAratAM joyo eTale kUtarA upara dayA lAvIne pAyathAgorase te mANasane kahyuM "bhAI tene tuM mAra mA kemake A kUtarAnA avAja uparathI huM jANuM chuM ke pUrvajanmamAM te mAro mitra hato." pro. lyusa temanA uparokta pustakamAM jaNAve che ke "AtmAnA punarjanmanA pAyathAgorasanA siddhAMtamAMthI nIcenI agatyanI hakIkato phalIta thAya che : (1) vizvanA tamAma jIvo sAthenuM saukhya (jaina 2010_04

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grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya paribhASAmAM uttine sadgamUzu) (2) AcAra zuddhi jemAM hiMsA ane mAMsAhAra niSedha AvI jAya che (3) zarIranA nAza bAda paNa AtmAnuM amaratva je grIka "homaramAM Avela "bhUta-preta"nA jhAMkhA khyAla karatAM viziSTa prakArano spaSTa khyAla-punarjanmano Ape che ane chelle (4) mANasamAMthI pazuyonimAM janma pAmanAra AtmAne tenAM pUrvajanmanAM kukarmo badala zikSA maLe che." (pA. 34-35) jhenophenise to punarjanmanA siddhAMta upara bhaMga karyo haze paraMtu upara jaNAvela siddhAMtomAM pAyathAgorasanI tamAma zikSAono samAveza thAya che ane te e che ke manuSya jIvananuM aMtima lakSya zArIrika ane bhautika sukhono tyAga karI AtmAnI zuddhi upara dhyAna kendrita karavA upara hovuM joIe. AtmavikAsanuM lakSyaH amerikana vidvAna zrI kornaphorDa (jeno ullekha enekajhImenDaranA vicAronI carcA vakhate upara karyo che) pAyathAgorasanA siddhAMto vize jaNAve che ke "pAyathAgorase je je siddhAMtonuM nirUpaNa karyuM che teno hetu adazya IzvarI zakti sAthe tamAmadunyavI vastuonI ekatA sAdhavAno, ane A dRzyamAna jagatanI kSaNikatA temaja ajJAnanA aMdhakAramAM daivI prakAzanA kiraNone ADe AvatA gaMdavADane dUra karavAno hato." AtmAnA vikAsanI aMtima kakSAne jainoe "kaivalya"nuM nAma Apela che. kaivalyane prApta thayela AtmAnI sthiti nirapekSa (jJAtAdrAnI) jainoe kalpI che. jANatAM ke ajANatAM pAyathAgorase paNa savocca kakSAnA AtmAnI AvI ja kalpanA karI che te vidvAna lekhaka jahona barneTanA nIcenA vidhAnathI spaSTa thAya che. "The best of all, 2010_04

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47 grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya however, are those who come simply to look on." The greatest purification of all is therefore, disinterested science and it is the man who devotes himself to that, the true philosopher who has most effectally released himself from the wheel of birth" (p. 98 Early Greek Philo. 4th Ed) arthAt : sarvocca kakSAnA (AtmAo) to teo che ke jeNe phakta dRSTAbhAva ja keLavyo che. jenI vaijJAnika zakti taddana nirapekSa banI che teno AtmA nirmaLa bane che ane kharo tattvajJAnI (jJAtA-daSTAnA bhAvavALo) janma-maraNanA pherAne TALanAro bane che." pAyathAgorasa hAlanA moTAbhAganA ghaNA jaino karatAM ghaNI UMcI kakSAnA jaina hatA te temanI nIcenI mAnyatAothI spaSTa thaze. (1) AtmAnuM parama lakSya paramAtma-sthiti prApta karavAnuM hovuM joIe tema teo mAnatA. (2) teo ema mAnatA ke AtmA amara che ane karmanA baLathI te judA judA dehe punarjanma pAme che. (3) "jJAna"nI sarvotkRSTatAmAM teo mAnatA. (4) Izvara nAmanI koI bAhya-zaktinI hastImAM teo mAnatA nahi. (pa) kapIlanA sAMkhyanI peThe teone saMkhyAnA rahasyamAM vizvAsa hato ane mAnatA ke "All things are numbers" (vizva racanA saMkhyAmaya che.) (6) teo AMtarika zuddhi upara bhAra mUktA ane temanA anuyAyIone zuddha ahiMsA AcaravAno ane kaThoLa jevI amuka 2010_04

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48 grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya vanaspati paNa nahi khAvAno temaja naiSThika brahmacarya pALavAno anurodha karatA. vizvanI saMkhyAmaya racanAH mAyalezIyana ciMtakoe vizvaracanAnA mULamAM bhautika padArthanI zodha karI. pAyathAgorasanA ziSyoe vizvaracanAno khulAso e rIte karyo ke sAruMya vizva saMkhyAmaya che Ama kema kahyuM ane Ano artha zuM te samajavuM ghaNuM muzkela che. eka khulAso evo che ke pAyathAgorasanA anuyAyIo saMkhyAnI gaNatrI AMkaDAthI nahi paraMtu mULAkSaro a,b, c, d vagerethI ane tenA trikoNAkAra, corasa AkAra ke laMbacorasa AkAramAM goThavIne karatA. dA.ta. eka biMdu eTale "a" ane be biMduo thAya to eka lAIna thAya ane tea..a tarIke mukAya eTale samajAya ke saMkhyA banI che te rIte traNanI saMkhyA kahevA mATe trikoNa racAya vagere. paraMtu Ama karavAno hetu zuM ane tethI tattvajJAna agara naitika jIvanane zuM temaja kevI rIte asara pahoMce te samajavuM muzkela che. zrI banDa rasela A bAbatano khulAso nIce mujaba kare che: "Pythagoras, as everybody knows, said that "all things are numbers." This statement, interpreted in a modern way, is logically non-sense, but what he meant was not exaetly nonsense. He discovered inportance of numbers in music, and the connection which he established between music and arithmetic survives in the mathematical terms "harmonie mean" and "harmonie progression." He thought of numbers as shapes, as they appear on the dice or playing cards..., He presumably thoutght the world as atomic, and of bodies as bruilt up of molecules composod of atoms arranged in various shapes. In 2010_04 WWW.jainelibrary.org

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grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya 49 this way he hoped to make arithmetic the fundamental study in physics as in aesthetics." (p. 35 "History of World Philosophy'') arthAta badhA jANe che ke pAyathAgorasa kahetA ke "tamAma vastuo phakata AMkaDA ja che." Adhunika dRSTie joIe to AvuM kathana akkalahIna jaNAya paMratu taddana tema nathI. saMgItamAM saMkhyAnuM sthAna temaNe joyuM ane tethI saMgIta ane gaNita vacceno saMbaMdha teNe je sthApyo te Aje paNa gaNitanI bhASAmAM "hAramonika mIna ane " hAramonika progresana" tarIke oLakhAya che. teo (pAyathAgorasa) AMkaDAone AkAranA svarUpamAM jotA hatA. jevI rIte ApaNe gaMjIphAnAM pAnA upara temaja ramata ramavAnA pAsA (dANA) upara joIe chIe........evuM zakya che ke teo A vizvane aNuothI bharela jotA haze ane vizvanI vastuo judA judA aNu paramANuonI banela judI judI AkRtio che tevI temanI mAnyatA haze. A rIte aMkazAstrane padArthavijJAna ane Adhibhautika vijJAnanA pAyArUpa gaNavAno temano prayAsa jaNAya che." pAyathAgorasanA A prakAranA abhigamane pariNAme temaNe tathA temanA anuyAyIoe gaNitazAstramAM ane khAsa karIne bhUmitimAM ghaNI pragati karI. zALAnA vidyArthIo jenAthI paricita che te pAyathAgorasa thaeramanI zodha bhUmitimAM ati agatyanI gaNAya che. te zodha mujaba koI trikoNa jeno eka khUNo kATa-khUNo (neva DigrIno) hoya to te kATa-khUNAnI be bAjuonA vargano saravALo kATa-khUNA sAmenI trIjI bAju jene hAIpopoTenyusa (hypotenuse) kahevAya che tenI laMbAInA varga jeTalo thAya. je trikoNanI traNa bAjuonA mApa 3,4 ane 5 nA hoya te trikoNano lAIna 3 ane 4 vacceno khUNo 2010_04 WWW.jainelibrary.org

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50 grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya kATakhUNo ja hoya - A prakAranI hakIkata te samayanA IjiptavAsIo to jANatA ja hatA paraMtu 36+4= para eTale 9 + 16 = 25 tevI zodha to pAyathAgorase karela. bIjo prazna e thAya che ke bhUmitinA jJAnathI tattvajJAnanA viSayane zuM phAyado thAya? tenA javAbamAM ema kahevAya che ke bhUmitimAM upasthita thatA praznonA ukelanI paddhati evI che ke eka svayaMsiddha (self evident) siddhAMta (axiom) thI zarUAta karo ane temAMthI niSpanna thatAM tArkika pariNAmo noMdhatA AgaLa vadho (Deductive Process) A ja rIte tattvajJAnanA vikAsamAM svayaMsiddha siddhAMta je anubhavamAM Avela hoya temAMthI eka pachI eka niSpanna thatA pariNAmonI noMdha lo ane chevaTano nirNaya meLavo. A rIte aMkagaNitanI cokasAI ane bhUmitinI tArkika paddhatino upayoga tattvajJAna ane dhArmika siddhAMtomAM thavAthI grIka ciMtananI dizAne vaijJAnika svarUpa maLyuM, ane vizvaracanAmAM vyavasthA temaja sAmaMjasya che mATe mAnavajIvanamAM paNa tevA prakAranI vyavasthA tathA sAmaMjasya sthApita thavuM joIe tevI bhAvanA jAgRta thaI. krosano Azrama koIpaNa kAraNasara tyAMnI prajAmAM aLakhAmaNo thayo tethI pAyathAgorasane te choDIne dakSiNa ITAlImAM "meTA ponTIana" nAmanA zaheramAM vasavATa karavo paDyo jyAM teo bAkInA jIvana paryata rahyA. 2010_04

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grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya herakilasa (Heracletus) I. sa. 135-405 51 eka rAjavaMzI tattvajJa : sokreTIsa pUrvenA grIka tattvajJomAM eka taddana maulika ane navIna bhAta pADanAra A philasUphanA traNa mukhya siddhAMto nIce mujaba hatA : 1. A vizvanA tamAma padArtho satat parivartanazIla che. 2. A sRSTinA saMcAlananuM mULa tattva agni che. 3. sAmAnya najare vastunA virodhAbhAsI tattvo te vastunA aMtargata aMga rUpe ja che ane sRSTinI pragati mATe te tattvo vaccenuM gharSaNa anivArya temaja jarUranuM che. temanA A siddhAMtonI carcA karatAM pahelAM temanA jIvananI pAzcAta bhUmikA upara najara karIe. temano janma eziyA-mAInoramAM Avela Iphaisasa zaheranA rAjakuTuMbamAM thayela. A zahera ethensanA rAjavI kor3asanA putra enDrokaluse vasAvela ane tenA rAjakuTuMbamAM herikelaTsa janmela ane te rAjagAdInA vArasa hatA. paraMtu temane rAjakAraNa karatAM tattvajJAnamAM vizeSa rasa hato ane rAjakaraNa tathA rAjakAraNIone teo tuccha gaNatA tethI rAjagAdI uparano potAno hakka jato karIne temanA bhAIne gAdI soMpI pote tattvajJAnamAM ja rasa lIdho. A kAraNe temanI ahavRtti eTalI sateja hatI ke temanA jamAnAnA temaja temanI pahelAMnA je tattvajJo thayA temane tathA temanA vicArone teo tiraskAravRttie jotA ane sAmAnya mAnavI mATe ke lokazakti mATe temane jarApaNa mAna hatuM nahi. temanAM lakhANo payagaMbarI bhASAmAM sUtrAtmaka zailImAM lakhAyAM che. eka vakhata teo bALako sAthe sogaThInI ramata ramatA hatA tyAre 2010_04

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52 grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya koI rAjapuruSe temane pUchyuM ke teo rAjapuruSa temaja tattvajJa hoIne bALako sAthe sogaThIo ramavAnuM kAma pasaMda kare che? javAbamAM temaNe kahyuM "tamArA jevA nakAmA mANasone AvuM Azcarya kema thAya che ? tamArI sAthe rAjakAraNa ramavA karatAM A ramata vadhu sArI che." teo kahetA "dasa hajAra mANasonA ToLA karatAM eka zreSTha vyaktinI saMgati teone vadhu pasaMda che." (sUtra 49) "eka yogya vyaktinI zIkhAmaNa mAnya rAkhavI te paNa eka kAnUna che. "sUtra 33)" baMDakhorIne dAbatAM pahelAM uddhatAI ne turata ja dAbI devI joIe." (sUtra 43) teonAM thoDAM sUtro A bAbatamAM nIce mujaba che : (1) je rIte UMghamAM svapnAM daramiyAna thayela prasaMgonuM bhAna mANasone rahetuM nathI teja rIte jAgRta avasthAmAM paNa teoe zuM karyuM che tenuM bhAna rahetuM nathI. (sUtra 1). (2) sAmAnya rIte mANaso kevI rIte sAMbhaLavuM agara bolavuM te ja jANatA nathI. (sUtra 19) (3) mUrkhAo je kAMI sAMbhaLe che te badhironI peThe sAMbhaLe che. kahevata che ke teo hAjara hovA chatAM gerahAjara che. (sUtra 34) (4) gadheDAone sonA karatAM kacaro vadhu pasaMda paDe che. (sUtra ) (5) ajANyA mANaso sAme kUtarA vizeSa bhase che. (sUtra 97) DAyojInIsa lakhe che ke "teo koInA paNa ziSya thayA nathI paraMtu teo AtmaciMtanathI ja potAnA siddhAMto meLavI zakyA hatA. temanA potAnA kahevA mujaba "meM mArI jAtane zodhI che." 2010_04

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grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya 53 potAnI pUrvenA ciMtako mATe temane koIpaNa prakAranuM mAna hatuM nahi. temanA samakAlIna pAyathAgorasane to teo "ThagonA rAjA' (Prince of Cheats) kahetA !! pUrva ciMtakone uddezIne teo kahe che : "jo ghaNA viSayono abhyAsa karavAthI kharI samaja ane DahApaNa AvI zakatAM hota to hesiyaDa, pAyathAgorasa ane jhenophenisa vagere samajadAra ane DAhyA hota.'' A rIte potAnI jAtane mATe atyaMta mAna dharAvatA A rAjavItattvajJAnInuM pradAna zuM hatuM te joIe. brahmAMDanI parivartanazIlatA : A vizvanI racanA tamAma vyaktio ke padArtho mATe eka sarakhI ja che. tene koI "Izvare" ke vyaktie banAvela nathI te anAdi temaja anaMta che. tenuM preraka baLa agni che ane te satata parivartanazIla che. (sUtra 35) bhagavAna buddha je heliTasa pahelAM thaI gayA temanA kSaNikavAda ane satata parivartanazIlatAne temaNe svIkArI te buddhanA tattvajJAnathI prabhAvita thaIne ke svataMtra rIte teno koI khulAso maLato nathI paraMtu agAu jaNAvyuM te pramANe bhArata sAtheno grIka saMbaMdha tathA madhya eziyAnA pradezo sAtheno vyApArI saMbaMdha samudra mArge temaja jamIna mArge hajAro varSa jUno rahyo che ane buddha dharmano pracAra paNa madhya eziyAmAM ghaNo vyApaka rahela che tethI heraliTasa bauddha vicAra saraNIthI prabhAvita thayA hoya te vizeSa banavA yogya che. heliTasanA nadInA pANInAM temaja agni-zIkhAnAM be dRSTAMto, je parivartanazIlatAnA samarthanamAM temaNe ApyAM, te varaso pahelAM bhagavAna buddhe vizvane 2010_04

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54 grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya Apela. te banne daSTAMto e mujaba che ke tamo nadInA vahetA pravAhamAM paga rAkho cho tyAre kSaNe kSaNe nUtana jala binduono sparza thAya che tethI eka nadInA eka ja pravAhane tamo bIjI vakhata sparzI zakatA nathI. nadInA pravAhanI peTheja jIvanano pravAha ane vizvanA tamAma padArtho satata gatizIla che ane je Aja che te kSaNa bAda nathI. AthI huM chuM" paNa kharo ane "nathI" paNa kharo kAraNa ke "huM chuM" tevA uccAraNanI sAthe ja "huM" nuM vartamAna svarUpa nadInA pravAhanI jema badalAI gayuM hoya che. je vastuo sthira dazyamAna che temAM paNa satata parivartana thayA kare che ke je dRzyamAna nathI. saMsArano artha ja gati che. (saMskRta zabda pR-sara che jeno artha gatizIlatA thAya che, tenA uparathI sAMsAra" zabda thayo che.) bIjuM daSTAMta agnizIkhAnuM che. agnizIkhA eka sarakhI baLatI jaNAya che paraMtu harakSaNe navuM tela bindu zIkhAnI vATa mAraphata baLe che. A baMne daSTAMto mULa to bhagavAna buddhanAM ApelAM che ane te ja dRSTAMtono upayoga harakilaTase potAnA parivartanazIlatAnA siddhAMtanA TekAmAM karela che, te ja-buddhanA zikSaNanI asara hovAnI vAtane Teko Ape che. temanAM nIcenA vidhAno paNa bhAratIya saMskRtinI UMDI chApa dharAve che. "God is day and might winter and summer, war and peace surfeit and hunger; but He takes various shapcs, just as fire when it is mingled with spices is named according to the savour of each. (R.P39) arthAt: "rAtrI ane divasa ziyALo ane unALo, 2010_04

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grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya 55 yuddha ane zAMti, tRpti ane bhUkha - te tamAma Izvaramaya che paraMtu agnimAM judA judA prakAranA masAlA nAMkhavAthI tenI judI judI sugaMdha Ave che tema Izvara paNa judAjudA saMsargathI bhinna prakAre dekhAya che." "To God all things are fair and good and right but men hold some things wrong and some right" arthAta "Izvarane mana sAruMnarasuM badhuM sarakhuM ja che amuka vastu sArI che ane amuka kharAba che te to mAnavInI kalpanA ja che. "you will not find boundaries of soul by travelling in any direction, so deep is the measure of it "(R.P.41) arthAta - AtmAnuM UMDANa eTaluM gahana che ke koI eka cokkasa dizAmAM javAthI tene zodhI zakAze nahi. sarakhAvo :-jaina mAnyatA mujaba AtmA sphaTika rUpe hoI je karmanA saMsargamAM Ave te karmanA rUpa raMga prahaNa kare che ane AtmA svarUpe niHsaMga che paraMtu paryAye badalAto bhAse che. tene pAmavAnI koI cokkasa dizA nathI. tenI gahanatA ghaNI UMDI che. vaidika mAnyatA mujaba paNa podama vaducAnA vividhatAmAM paNa huM eka ja chuM " vedoe kahyuM- pUta pUmavachate -pUrvameva avazaSyate | arthAta pUrNamAMthI pUrNa laI lo to paNa pUrNa ja bAkI rahe che tevuM IzvaranuM svarUpa che. harakilaTasa jANatAM ke ajANatAM bhAratIya tattvajJAnanI keTalA najadIka AvI gayA? A bAbatamAM amerikana vidvAna kornaphorDa jaNAve che ke - "The secret seemed to Heraclis to lie in the notion that the continuity of life is not broken by death, but rather renewed. "Death" in fact is not "perishing", it is neither an end nor a dissolution; the one life revolves in an endless circle and its unity is such that it cannot be dissolved or broken up in parts (p 185-186 of "Religion to "Philosophy") athota : 2010_04

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56 grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya "harakilaTasanA mata mujaba mRtyuthI jIvanano aMta nathI Avato paNa jIva punarjanma pAme che. mRtyu bAda paNa jIva jIvana maraNanA anaMta pherAmAM paDe che ane eka janmamAMthI bIjA janmamAM jaIne jIvanayAtrA saLaMga rIte cAlyA kare che." sokreTIsa, pleTo ane erisToTala bAda pazcimamAM IsAI dharmanI asara nIce tattva ciMtananI A dizAmAM palaTo Avyo ane jIvanA janma maraNanA cakranA khyAlane hasI kADhavAmAM Avyo paraMtu maulika vicAranA ciMtakoe pazcimanA dezomAM paNa punarjanmanA khyAlane tadana tArkika gaNI svIkAryo che ane koI eka ajANyA "kayAmata" nA divase "Izvara" nAmanI sattA ke vyakti?) hisAbanIza dukAnadAranI peThe copaDo laI mRtyu pAmelA tamAma manuSyone jIvatA karI temanA karmanI jamA udhArIno hisAba gaNI narkAgAranI sajA karaze ke svargArohaNanuM sukha bakSaze tevA bALa-khyAlone radiyo Apela che. sRSTinuM mULa tattva agniH thelIsanA khyAla mujaba A sRSTinuM cAlakabaLa pANI che. enekajhImInIsanA khyAla mujaba A cAlakabaLa havA che. enekajhImenDaranA khyAla mujaba te koI asIma tattva che je svarUpe bhautika che. pAyathAgorasa tattvajJAnamAM vadhu UMDA UtaryA ane karmanA siddhAMtanI taddana najadIka gayA. paraMtu harakiTasanA mata mujaba sRSTinuM cAlakabaLa agni che. mANasa mAtra ke jIva mAtranI tamAma pravRttionuM baLa teomAM rahela agni (garamI) upara ja AdhAra rAkhe che. hakIkate ApaNAmAM rahela agni pANImAM ane pANI pRthvImAM satata parivartita thayA kare che ane tenAthI UlaTI pratikriyA - pRthvInuM pANI ane pANInuM agni 2010_04

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grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya pa7 - te rIte cAlyA kare che tethI A satata cAlatA pheraphAronuM ApaNane bhAna thatuM nathI - tema harakilaTasa mAne che. temanI mAnyatA mujaba A satata cAlatA pheraphAromAM jyAre agni, pANI ane pRthvInA pramANomAM samatulA jaLavAya nahi tyAre vividha prakAranA pheraphAro zarIranI prakriyAmAM thayA kare che. viSaya sukha agara krodha, kAma, mAyA vagere kaSAyothI AtmAmAM bhinAza vadhe che ane agnino prabhAva kama thAya che. temanA sUtra pramANe "Fire, with measures of it kindling and measures going out" arthAt "agninA pramANanA vadhaghaTa mujaba AtmAnI pragati - avagati thAya che." agni"ne AtmAnI tejasvItAnA rUpamAM laIe to harakisanuM maMtavya bhAratIya mAnyatAnI najadIka AvI zake che. gharSaNanI anivAryatAH harakiTasane mate sRSTimAM je virodhAbhAsI tattvo jaNAya che temanuM svataMtra astittva nathI paraMtu te bane tattvo eka ja srotamAMthI janme che ane teno AvirbhAva thayA bAda te banne vacce je gharSaNa thAya che te anivArya ane jarUranuM che kAraNa ke tenAthI ja saMsAramAM pragati thAya che. A aMgenAM temanAM sUtro cheH "good and ill are one" "sAruM ane narasuM te banne eka ja padArtha che." "The one is made un of all things and all things issue from the one" ekamAM badhI vastuo samAviSTa che ane ekamAMthI ja badhI vastuo uddabhave che." A rIte "akhila brahmAMDamAM eka tuM zrI hari"no khyAla ApI be virodhAbhAsI tattvo paNa "harimAMthI utpanna thayA che ane te vaccenuM gharSaNa chevaTe pragatimAM pariName che tema kahI heraphilaTase tyArabAdanA grIka tattvavettA 2010_04 WWW.jainelibrary.org

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58 grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya paramenIDasa temaja bhAratanA Adi zaMkarAcAryanA "brahmamaya jagatanA khyAlano temaja jarmana tattvavettA hegalanA Thesis- Anti-Thesissynthesis (sthiti-pratyAghAta-samanvaya)no pAyo nAMkhyo. temanI pUrvenA tattvajJa enekajhImenDaranA mata mujaba paNa "All things are made of some common stuff" "tamAma padArtho eka ja vastumAMthI utpanna thayA che. ahIM sudhI herakilarsa paNa ekamata thayA che. paraMtu enekajhImenDaranA mata mujaba be virodhAbhAsI tattvonA saMgharSane pariNAme je tattvane nukasAna thayuM che teno nyAyI (Just) badalo paNa maLe che (juvo pA. ra7). ahIM harakilaTasa sahamata thatA nathI kAraNa ke temanA mata mujaba be virodhAbhAsI tattvo vacceno saMgharSa icchanIya hovAthI "badalA"no prazna ja upasthita thato nathI. gharSaNathI saMvAda utpanna thAya che tenA dAkhalAmAM harakiTasa vINAnA tAra sAthenA tenA dhanuSyanA tAronA gharSaNathI thatI madhura surAvalIne TAMke che. harakilaTasanA A maMtavyamAM satyAMza jarUra che paraMtu pUrNa satya nathI kAraNa ke te gharSaNathI utpanna thatI viSamatAone dhyAnamAM letA nathI temaja pragati mATe gharSaNa anivArya nathI - gharSaNa vinA sahakArathI paNa pragati zakya che. ekaMdara harakilaTasanA vicAro temanA jamAnAmAM tadana maulika ane navI bhAta pADanArA hatA temAM koI zaka nathI. 2010_04

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grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya 59 jhenophenIsa (Xenophanes): I. pU. pa00-405 temanI janma tArIkha nakkI nathI thaI zakatI paraMtu teo harakiTasa ane parmenaDIsanA samakAlIna hatA. temano janma AyoniyAmAM thayela paraMtu temanA jIvanano moTo bhAga dakSiNa ITAlImAM gayo hato. teo mukhyatve eka kavi hatA ane agragaNya buddhijIvI hatA. - sRSTinI tamAma vastuo pRthvI ane pANIthI banela che tema kahIne temaNe IzvaranA kartutvano InkAra karyo che paraMtu Izvarano InkAra nathI karyo kema ke temanA mate Izvara ekaja che temaja sarvavyApI che. te koI rUpadhArI tattva nathI. temanA kahevA mujaba jo koI ghoDAne ke baLadane ke siMhane mANasanA jevI buddhi ane kalA kauzalya hota to te IzvaranA svarUpane potAnA jevuMja spaMta. temanA kahevA mujaba Izvara koI arUpI tattva che je sarva vyApI che ane "without toil swayeth all things by force of His mind." (te badhI vastuo upara potAnA mAnasika baLathI svAmItva dharAve che, teo vizeSamAM jaNAve che ke "Itisimpossible to asertain the Truth and even if a man should chance to say something utterly right, still he him self knows it not-there is no where anything but guessing" arthAt : "satyane pAmavAnuM azakya che ane koI vyakti kadAca A bAbata kAMIka kahe je sAcuM hoya to paNa te pote temAM kAMI samajato nathI - te je kAMI kahe che te to phakta tenuM anumAna ja hoya che." A rIte IzvarItattva eka che tema mAnavA chatAM tenA svarUpa vize teo kAMI kahetA nathI. paraMtu grIka tatvajJAnamAM sarvavyApI ane sarvazaktimAna eka tattvanI vAta spaSTapaNe temaNe prathama vakhata karI 2010_04

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grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya eTale eziyATika vicArasaraNI je ekezvaravAdamAM mAne che tenA prathama puraskartA tarIke temanI gaNatrI thAya che. ane ITAlInA eliyA zaheranA jANItA tattvavettA pArmeniDase ekazvaravAdanI preraNA temanI pAsethI lIdhI tema manAya che. jhenophenIsa mukhyatve kavi hatA ane punarjanmamAM ke koIpaNa prakAranA rahasyavAdamAM mAnatA nahi. pAyathAgorasanA punarjanmanA vicAronI temaNe je majAka uDAvela teno ullekha agAu pAyathAgorasa aMgenA lakhANamAM thaI gayo che. 2010_04

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grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya pAmenaDIsa (Parmenides) I.pU.541 : temano janma ITAlInA "eliyA" zaheramAM thayo hato ane temanI vicArasaraNI ane vyaktitvathI te samayano grIka samAja ghaNo ja prabhAvita thaela. temanI vicArasaraNInA anumodaka temanA ziSya jhIno paNa te samayanA agragaNya tatvavettA hatA. "eliyA" eka svataMtra zahera hatuM ane tenI rAjavyavasthAmAM pAramAniDIsano sAro phALo hato. AthI temanI AgavI vicAra-saraNIne "eliyATIka vicAra dhArA" kahevAya che. teo tathA temanA ziSya jhIno ethensa gayA hatA tyAre pArmeniDIsa vRdhdha umaranA hatA te samaye sokreTIsa temanA mitro sAthe pArmeniDIsanI mulAkAte gayela.pArmeniDIsa pAyathAgorasa nA vicArothI sArI rIte prabhAvita thayela. grIka tattvajJonI zodha bhUmikA bhautika - vizvaracanAnA rahasyanI temaja tenA saMcAlananA preraka baLanI tAttvika zodhamAM paDela grIka tattvajJonI zodha bhUmikA mukhyatve bhautika rahI tethI Adhibhautika vicAra-saraNInI taddana najIka AvI javA chatAM temanuM mAnasika valaNa bhautika zodhanuM hovAthI temanA khulAsAo bhautika ja rahyA. tattvaciMtananI dizAmAM sRSTinA rahasyanI zodha karavAvALA prathama ciMtaka enekajhImenDara hatA jemaNe kahyuM ke sRSTinI racanAnuM mULa tattva "asIma" che. je sImArahIta hovAthI anAdi aMnata che ane gatizIla paNa che. Ama chatAM A tattva bhautika che tevo nirNaya temaNe jAhera karyo. A anAdi, anaMta ane gatizIla tattva bhautika hoI zake nahi 2010_04

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grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya evA khyAlathI temaNe ciMtananI prakriyA AgaLa calAvI hota to kadAca te samayanA bhAratIya tattva-ciMtakonI peThe caitanyatattva AtmAnI zodha temaNe karI hota paraMtu temano prayAsa to sRSTinA bhautika astitva mAMthI ja tenI racanAnuM mULa tattva zodhavAno hato tethI A "asIma"tattva koI bhautika vastu che tema jaNAvI aTakI gayA. pAyathAgorasa Adhibhautika ciMtanamAM jarUra AgaLa vadhyA ane AtmA, karma tathA punarjanmanA siddhAMtomAM mAnavA lAgyA paraMtu sAmAnya grIka mAnasa bhautikatAnI zodha pAchaLa paDela tethI tenI sAthenA saha astitva dharAvatA harakliTsa ane jhenophenIsa jevA buddhijIvIoe temanA vicAronI majAka uDAvI. AmachatAM pAyathAgorasanuM vyaktitva ane vicAra-prabhAva ciMtakonA mAnasa uparathI dUra karI zakAya tema nahotuM. pariNAme je ciMtana-dvIdhA utpanna thaI tenA namUnA tarIke pArameniDasanI vicAradhArAne mUkI zakAya paraMtu te vize carcA karatAM pahelAM tenA purogAmI ciMtako herakliTasa tathA jhenophenIsanA vicAronI asara grIka ciMtako upara keTale aMze thaI haze te jANavuM jarUranuM thaI paDaze. ApaNe joyuM ke herakliTase kahyuM ke "tamAma padArtho eka ja vastumAMthI utpanna thAya che... ane je saMgharSAtmaka sthiti jaNAya che te koI be svataMtra padArthonA saMgharSathI nathI thatI paraMtu te baMne mULabhUta ekaja vastumAMthI utpanna thayela pravAho che. A rIte herakliTase maryAdita pramANamAM paNa ekezvaravAdano siddhAMta svIkAryo chatAM te mULabhUta vastu zuM che teno prakAra kevo che, vagere praznomAM UMDA UtaryA nahi ane sRSTinuM cAlakabaLa bhautika vastu agni che tema kahIne saMtoSa mAnyo. 2010_04

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63 grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya tyArabAda jhenophenIse spaSTa rIte jaNAvyuM ke sRSTinuM cAlakatattva eka ja che je sarvavyApI ane sarvazaktimAna che. Ama chatAM A tattva Adhibhautika che tevI spaSTatA karI nahi. pArmeniDasano advaitavAdaH - pArmeniDIsa A viSayamAM ati UMDA UtaryA ane bhAratanA Adi zaMkarAcAryanA advaitavAda upara ja vajana mUkayuM paraMtu tema karatAM evA vidhAno karyA ke teo paNa koI bhautika viSayanI zodhomAM ja hatA tevo abhiprAya temanA bAdanA amuka vidvAnoe lIdho. pArmeniDase potAnA siddhAMtonI rajuAta be vibhAgomAM karI che. eka vibhAgane teo "The way of Trust" (satyano mArga) kahe che. jyAre bIjA vibhAgane "The way of opinion" (abhiprAyano mArga) kahe che. prathama vibhAgamAM temanA potAnA tattvaciMtananI carcA che je temanI potAnI maulika che. temAM carcAyela viSayone "buddhinA viSayo" kahevAya che; bIjA vibhAgomAM je viSayo carcAyA che tene "indriyagamya viSayo" kahevAya che A vibhAgamAM indriya-gamya padArtho jevA ke ThaMDI-garamI halakuM-bhAre, pRthvI, AkAza, avakAzI padArtho vagerenI carcA che. temAM A tamAma bhautika padArtho ane temAM cAlatuM gharSaNa vagerenuM niyaMtraNa koI trIjuM daivI tattva kare che tevI mAnyatA vyakta karavAmAM AvI che. AvA daivI tattvane "buddhinA viSayovALA prathama vibhAgamAM sthAna nathI. temAM je "sa"tattvano ullekha che tenuM svarUpa nIce mujabanuM brahmAMDamAM je "satu" vastu che te "eka ja" (The one) che ane te 2010_04

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64 grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya zAzvata temaja avibhAjya che. baTrAnDa rasela jaNAve che ke : "The ONE" is not cenceived by Parmenides as we conceive God. He seems to think of it as material and extended, for he speaks of it as a sphere, but it can not be divided, because the whole of it is present everywhere. (p.48-49 History of Western Philosophy. 16 th ed). arthAt : "je (sat) "eka" che tenI pArmeniDIsanI kalpanA ApaNI IzvaranI kalpanA che tevI nathI. temano mata evo jaNAya che ke A "eka" bhautika ane vyApaka vastu che kAraNa ke teo A vastunuM svarUpa goLAkAra ane avibhAjya che ane te samagra rIte sarva vyApI che tema jaNAve che." je "satya" pArmeniDIse eka avibhAjya ane zAzvata che tema jaNAvyuM tene upara jaNAvyuM te rIte teNe "bhautika" svarUpa ApyuM. AvuM kema banavA pAmyuM teno khulAso maLato nathI. akhaMDa ane avibhAjya "satya" je "sarvavyApI" che te bhautika kema hoI zake? je bhautika vastu che te zAzvata na hoya ane sarvavyApI paNa na hoya, tema aparivartazIla paNa na hoya. je bhautika che te indriya - pratyakSa che ane pArmeniDIsanA mata mujaba AbhAsAtmaka che ane tethI "asa" che ane tenuM jJAna indriyonA abhyAsathI meLavI zakAya che. Ama hovA chatAM temaNe kahyuM ke "sa" eka goLAkAra nakkara padArtha che ane te "sthaLa'' (Space) mAM rahe che. temanA A prakAranA vidhAnothI teo bhautikavAdI che tevI mAnyatA baMdhANI - hakIkate A mAnyatA temanA bIjA saiddhAMtika vicAro sAthe baMdha besatI nathI. "sa" eTale "je hasti dharAve che' tene teo "Being" kahe che ane jaNAve che ke : Being without begining and is indestrctible. It is universal, existing alone immovable and withont end. Nor was it, nor will it be" 2010_04

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grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya 65 arthAt je ("sata") astittva dharAve che tene koI Adi nathI ane te nAzavaMta paNa nathI. te ekAkI ane vizvavyApI che temaja sthAyI ane anaMta paNa che. te bhUtakALamAM "hatuM" ane bhaviSyamAM "thaze" tema tenA vize kahI zakAya tema nathI." A "saMta"ne teNe koI viziSTa prakAranuM nAma ApyA sivAya "THE ONE" kahyuM agara "BEING" kahyuM eTale ke te "eka che agara "astitva" dharAvatI vastu che tema kahyuM. te "eka" ke "astittva" vALI vastu zuM che te kahyuM nahi. teno artha e thayo ke temaNe je vastune anAdi ane anaMta kahI te vastunuM svarUpa te kahI zakyA nahi. bIjA zabdomAM kahIe to eka "vicAra" raju karyo je buddhi dvArA raju thaI zake indriyo dvArA nahi. pArmeniDasanA A vicArane samajAvatAM vidvAna lekhaka je barneTa jaNAve che ke - "Parmenides goes on to develop all the consequences of the admission that " it is". It must be uncreated and undestructible. It can not have arisen out of nothing; for there is no such thing as "nothing". Nor can it have arisen from something, for there is no room for anything but it self. What "is" can not have beside it any empty Space in which something else might arise, for empty space is nothing."Nothing" can not be thought and therefore can not exist. What "is" never come into being nor is anything going to come into being in the future. "Is it or is it not " ? If it is then it is now, all at onec" (p.181 Early Greek Philos.4th.Ed.) arthAt : "te astittva dharAve che" tema vidhAna karyA bAda pArmeniDasa A vidhAnamAMthI niSpanna thatA pariNAmonI carcA kare che ke te "ajanmA" ane "avinAzI" che. te 2010_04

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grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya "nathI" (anastittva)mAMthI utpanna thayuM na hoya kAraNa ke "nathI" jevI koI vastu ja hastI dharAvatI nathI. te koI bIjI vastumAMthI paNa utpanna thayuM hoya tema nathI kAraNa ke tenI hastIne kAraNe te sarvavyApi hovAne kAraNe) tenA sivAya bIjI koI vastu hovAno avakAza ja nathI, AthI AvI avakAza rahIta jagyAmAM) "astitva (je nathI te) ne koI sthAna hoI zake ja nahi kAraNa ke temAMthI koI ubhave nahi. je "che" (hastI dharAve che) teno koI Adi nathI ane te bhaviSyamAM utpanna thaze tevuM dhAravAno paNa koI avakAza nathI. je tattva astittva dharAve che te kAM to "che agara to "nathI paraMtu jo te "che" tema eka vakhata svIkAro to teno svIkAra samagra rIte ja karavo joIe." A prakAranA tattvajJAnanI niSpatti e che ke vizvamAM carAcara je kAMI dazyamAna che te eka ja che je koI virodhAbhAsI dekhAya che te paNa te ja che. dA.ta. jene ApaNe "aMdhakAra" kahIe chIe tenuM koI svataMtra astitva nathI te to phakta "prakAza"no abhAva ja che, jene "asatya" kahIe chIe te "satya"no abhAva ja che, tamAma advaita che. jyAM daita daSTigocara thAya che te phakta indriyagamya che ane mAtra AbhAsa che satya nathI. temanA advaitanI aspaSTatAH A rIte pArmeniDasa Adi zaMkarAcAryanI mAphaka advaitanA tattvajJAnamAM AvI gayA paraMtu tat samayanA grIka tattvajJonI peThe vizva saMcAlananA rahasyanI zodha bhautika lakSI hovI joIe te jAtanI eka saMkucita manodazAmAMthI te mukta thaI zakyA nahi tethI A "sarvavyApi 2010_04

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grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya anAdi ane anaMta" evuM tattva eka "goLAkAra" ane "nakkara" padArtha che ane te sthaLamAM rahela che tevo virodhAbhAsI khulAso karyo. sAthosAtha je vastu indriya-gamya che ane virodhAbhAsI che tenA uddabhava ane vikAsanuM niyaMtraNa "daivI" tattva kare che ema paNa kahyuM. te badhuM darzAve che temanI vicArasaraNImAM joIe tevI spaSTatA hatI nahi. advaitavAdanI je spaSTatA Adi zaMkarAcAryamAM hatI te A grIka ciMtakomAM AvI zakI nahi kAraNake temaNe potAnA ciMtanane bhautikatAmAM satata bAMdhI rAkhyuM. pArmeniDasanA be mArgono vicAra ane jaina tattvajJAnaH upara jaNAvyuM tema pArmeniDase potAnA siddhAMtone be vibhAgomAM vaheMcyA. eka vibhAgane "satyano mArga" kahyo ane bIjA vibhAgane abhiprAyano mArga" kahyo. temaNe A be vibhAgonAM nAmakaraNa acUka karyA paraMtu tenI carcA uparathI spaSTa thAya che ke je vibhAgane teo satyano mArga" kahe che te jaina darzana jene "jIva" (AtmA" agara sAMkhyonuM "puruSa") kahe che te che ane je vibhAgane "abhiprAyano mArga" kahe che te jaina darzana jene "ajIva" kahe che te che. vizvanI racanA ane saMcAlana aMgenA ciMtananA mULamAM jaIne anveSaNa karavuM hoya to spaSTa thAya che ke samasta brahmAMDane vividha prakAranI gati ApI aneka prakAranuM vaividhya utpanna karanAra eka baLa che ane te baLanA jorathI gati prApta karanAra eka judI ja vastu che. je baLa gati Ape che te caitanyasvarUpa che ane tene bhAratIya ciMtakoe "jIva", "AtmA" agara "purUSa" nAma ApyuM ane je vastu A baLa prApta karI gati pAme che tene "ajIva" nAma ApyuM. A jAtanI vicAra-saraNI vizeSa 2010_04

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68 grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya anveSaNAtmaka sAbita thaI kAraNa ke temAMthI kudaratI rIte ja bIjA prazno UbhA thayA. jevA ke "ajIva" ane "jIvano saMsarga kyAre thayo, zA mATe thayo, tenuM pariNAma zuM Ave? AvA saMsargano aMta kadI AvI zake? jo hA, to te kyAre ane zA upAyo yojavAthI? A prakAranA praznonA ukelamAM bhAratIya ciMtakoe tattvajJAnano je vikAsa karyo te pazcimanA A tattvajJAnIo karI zakayA nathI tenuM mukhya kAraNa e jaNAya che ke teonI daSTi sRSTinuM rahasya bhautikatAmAMthI ja zodhavAnI rahI hatI. pArmeniDasanA be ziSyo jheno tathA melisasa hatA. te bannee potapotAnI rIte pArmeniphIsanA siddhAMtone Teko Apyo, ane eziyATika siddhAMtone majabUta banAvavA ane sRSTinuM aMtima sat tattva eka ja che temaja saMsAramAM je parivartana jaNAya che te asat bhramaNA ja che tema jaNAvyuM. A rIte jyAre heliTase saMsAramAM harakSaNe thatA parivartana uparaja bhAra mUkyo tyAre pArmeniDIse parivartanane mAtra AbhAsa-pUrNa ja jaNAvI te phakta "bhramaNA" ja che tema sAbita karavA prayAsa karyo. te saMjogomAM je navI ciMtanadhArA zarU thaI tenA agresara empIDokalIsa hatA. 2010_04

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grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya 69 empIDolIsa (Empedocles - 0 I.pU. 492-435 (45-435) temanuM vyaktitva H pAyathAgorasa pachInA A eka bIjA grIka tattvaciMtaka che je bhAratIya ane khAsa karIne jaina tattvajJAnanI taddana najIka AvI gayA. ApaNe joIzuM ke jaina tattvajJAnIonA jIva-ajIva, pApa-puNya, punarjanma-mokSa, upa-sarpiNI ane ava-sarpiNInA kAla vibhAgo, lezyA dvaitavAda vagere ghaNA jaina siddhAMtomAM jANyuM ke ajANye teo jaina tattvajJAna tathA pAyathogorIana siddhAMtonI taddana najIka AvI gayA. teo bhUmadhya samudramAM ITAlInI dakSiNe Avela sisilI TApunA dakSiNa kinAre Avela zahera ekrAgasa"nA vatanI hatA. teo eka samRddha parivAranA sabhya hatA ane eka prakhyAta DaoNkTara, vaijJAnika, Adarza rAjakAraNI, kavi enjiniyara ane tattvavettA hatA. pote izvaratva prApta karela che tevo temano dAvo hato. sAmAnya jana-samUha upa2 temano ajabano kAbu hato ane evI mAnyatA hatI ke teo pavana tathA varasAdane paNa kAbumAM rAkhI zake che ane eka mahilA je vIsa divasa sudhI mRtyu pAmela avasthAmAM hovAnuM manAya che tene temaNe jIvatI karela tevI mAnyatA che. AthI teo eka camatkArI puruSa che tevI mAnyatA loko dharAvatA hatA. ane AvA eka camatkAra rUpe teoe sadehe mAunTa eTanAnA javAlAmukhImAM praveza karI deha vilaya karyo tevI lokamAnyatA che.methyu ArnolDa nAmanA vizvavikhyAta aMgreja kavie A bAbata eka kavitA paNa lakhI che. paraMtu bIjI mAnyatA 2010_04

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grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya evI che ke "peloponIsa" ke jyAM teo visthApita thayA hatA tyAM temanuM mRtyu thayuM hatuM. temanA zahera ekAgasano ekacakrI rAjA therona karIne hato tenA dIkarAnA hAthamAMthI ekacakrI sattA dUra karIne lokazAhInI sthApanA karavAmAM empIDokalIse sAro bhAga bhajavela. temaja tenA zaheranI najIkanA zahera "sIlInasa"mAM plega AvavAthI tyAMnA pANInI temaNe bAjunI be nadIonuM pANI vahevaDAvIne zuddha karela te badhI hakIkato uparathI jaNAya che ke teo pAyathAgorasanI mAphaka eka bahuvidha pratibhA dharAvatA mahApuruSa hatA. empIDokalIsanuM vaita ane jaina siddhAMtaH saiddhAMtika bhUmikAmAM empIDokalIsa pArmeniDasa sAthe sahamata hatA ke je "nathI" temAMthI koIpaNa vastunI utpatti thaI zake nahi, ane je "che" teno nAza nathI temaja zUnyAvakAza paNa nathI kema ke je "sata" che teja "che" ane te sarvavyApI che. paraMtu je "asat che- "indriyagamya che ane parivartanazIla che te pArmeniDasa mAne che tema "AbhAsa mAtra" ke "bhrAmaka" nathI, paraMtu te paNa cAra mULa tattvo - pRthvI, pANI, havA ane agninA judA judA paryAyo che ane "sat tattvathI bhinna che. temanA zabdomAM - "These (Four roots) exist in themselves but running through one another they take on different appearances. To such an extent does the mingling interchange them". arthAta "A cAra mULa tattvo tenI svataMtra hasti dharAve che paraMtu teo eka bIjAmAM bhaLIne vividha prakAranA svarUpo dhAraNa kare che." A kevI rIte bane che teno dAkhalo ApI samajAve che ke upara jaNAvela sRSTinA cAra mULabhUta 2010_04 WWW.jainelibrary.org

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grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya tattvo raMganA cAra mULabhUta kalaranI peThe kAma kare che. jevI rIte A raMga eka bIjAmAM bhaLIne vividha prakAranA aneka citro banAve che, teja rIte sRSTinA upara jaNAvela cAra mULabhUta tattvo bhautika vaividhya utpanna kare che. empIDokalIsano A siddhAMta bhAratIya tattvajJAna ane khAsa karIne jaina tattvajJAna "jIva" "ajIva"nA siddhAMtane ati maLato Ave che. jaina tattvajJonA matAnusAra A samasta vizva jIva-ajIvanA be bhAgamAM vaheMcAyela che. sAro saMsAra "jIva" tattvathI vyApaka che kAraNa ke havApANI pRthvImAM paNa jIva tattva che - jaino ema paNa mAne che ke je ajIva tattva che te paNa anAdi che ane jIva tattvathI svataMtra che, temaja saMsAramAM je vaividhya jaNAya che temAM ajIvano paNa hisso che. paraMtu A bAbatamAM jaina mAnyatA vizeSamAM evI che ke A vaividhyamAM "jIva" tattvano paNa hisso che kemake te ajIvanI sAthe maLIne tene cetanavaMtu banAve che. A chellI mAnyatA empIDokalIsanI che tevuM spaSTa thatuM nathI chatAM empIDokalIsa punarjanmanA siddhAMtamAM pAyathAgorasanI peThe ja mAne che je mAnyatAmAM jIva-ajIvano saMyoga garbhita rIte nihita che. empIDo kalIsanI cAra mULabhUta padArthonI mAnyatA "paMcamahAbhUto aMgenI bhAratIya mAnyatA jevI ja che. jene epIDokalIsa cAra mULabhUta tattvo kahe che ane hiMduo paMca mahAbhUta je tattvone gaNe che te paNa jaina mAnyatA mujaba jIva-ajIvano saMyoga mAtra che kAraNa ke jaino pRthvI, pANI agni ane havAmAM paNa jIvanI hastI juve che. ajIva tattvo tenA aMtaragata mULa svarUpe nAzavaMta nahi paraMtu paryAye 2010_04 WWW.jainelibrary.org

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72 grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya judA svarUpa jIva tattvano sAtha laIne dhAraNa kare che; jevI rIte pANI, barapha ane varALa tenA aMtargata tattva H,One kAyama rAkhI judAM judAM svarUpo dhAraNa kare che. temano punarjanmano siddhAMta : A rIte judAM judAM svarUpo dhAraNa thavA pAchaLanAM kAraNomAM jaina tattvajJo temaja bIjA tamAma bhAratIya tattvajJo "pApa-puNya"no siddhAMta AgaLa kare che. empIDolIsa A "pApa-puNya'"nAM tattvone "Strife" kalaha ane "Love" (prema) nuM nAma Ape che ane kahe che ke kalahanuM tattva vastune judA pADavAnuM kAma kare che jyAre "prema"nuM tattva joDavAnuM kAma kare che AthI kalaha ane premanA judA judA temaja viziSTa prakAranA AvirbhAvathI jagatamAM vaividhya utpanna thAya che temanA mata pramANe A "prema" ane "kalaha"nAM tattvo pRthvI, pANI, havA ane agninA vividha saMmizraNothI vastunI vyaktigatatAne anusarIne thAya che ane tethI dareka vastuno Avo vyaktigata paryAya "sa" tattvathI svataMtra hastI dharAve che. A aMge empIDokalIse be kAvyo lakhela che tenAM nAmo "About Nature" ane "Purifications" ("kudarata aMge'" ane "zuddhatA aMge'") che. temAMnA "Purifications" vALA kAvyamAM punarjanmanA cakravAmAM "AtmA" kevI rIte phare che te darzAvavA eka sUtra (Fragment) mAM te nIce mujaba jaNAve che. "There is an oraele of necessity --that whensoever all of the damons, whose portion is length of days, has sinfully stained his hands with blood or followed strife and sworn false 2010_04

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73 - - - grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya oath, he must wander thrice ten thousand seasons away from the Blessed beeig born throughout the time in all manner of mortal forms, passnig from one to another of the painful paths of life." "Of these now I am also one, an exile from God and a wanderer having put my trust in ranging strife" arthAta : "eka jarUranI devavANI che. jayAre jyAre rAkSasavRttithI vyakitanI dinacaryAmAM tenA hAtha lohIthI kharaDAya che agara te kalahamAM ke jUThA sogana levAnA pApamAM paDe che tyAre te siddha-sthitithI trIsa hajAra Rtuo dUra hoya che ane te badho samaya jIvananA duHkhamaya rastAo upara judA judA svarUpe cakrAvo lIdhA kare che. huM paNa AvI vyaktio mAMheno eka chuM kAraNa ke satata cAlatA kalahamAM meM paNa vizvAsa mUkela che ane tethI IzvarathI visthApita thaIne bhaTakyA karuM chuM." empaDokalIsanA A tattvajJAnane vidvAna lekhaka kSI -kornaphorDa nIce mujaba samajAve cheH "This fall (of soul) is a penalty for sin of flesh eating or oath breaking. Caught in the wheel of time, the soul preserving its individual identity, passes through all shapes of life. This implies that man's soul is not "human"-Human life is only one of the shades it passes through. Its substance is divine and immutable, and it is the same substance as all other soul in the world. In this sense the unity of life is maintained; but on the other hand, each soul is an atomic individual which persists through its ten thousand years' cycle of reincarnations .The soul travels the round of four elements. For I have been, 2010_04

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74 grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya ere now, a boy and a girl a bush (earth) a bird (air) and a dumb fish in the sea (Frag-117). These four elements compose the bodies which it successively inhabits.arthAta : (AtmAnuM) patana - te mAMsAhAra agara pratijJA-bhaMga jevA pApanI sajA che. saMsAranA samayanA cakrAvAmAM paDela AtmA potAnuM vyaktittva jALavato thako judI judI jIva-yonimAM pasAra thAya che. Ano artha e thayo ke AtmA phakta manuSya yonImAM ja nathI ane manuSya yoni to judI judI yonionuM eka svarUpa che (jemAMthI AtmA-jIva-pasAra thAya che.) e AtmAnuM kharuM svarUpa daivI che ane jagatanA tamAma jIvomAM eka sarakhuM bIrAjamAna che. A rIte jIvonI ekAtmatA jaLavAI rahe che ane tema chatAM dareka AtmA tenuM AgavuM vyaktitva jALavIne hajAro varSo sudhI janma-maraNanA cakrAvavAmAM pharyA kare che. A janma pahelAM huM chokaro hato ane chokarI paNa hato, vanaspati rUpe hato tema ja pakSIrUpe paNa hato agara to samudramAM mUMgI mAchalI svarUpe paNa hato (sUtra 117). upara jaNAvela sRSTinA cAra mULabhUta tattvothI A tamAma zarIro baMdhAyela hatAM." jaina-bauddha ke vedakIya - koI paNa prakAranA bhAratIya tattvajJAnanuM taddana prAthamika jJAna dharAvatI vyaktine paNa pratIti thaze ke uparanA vidhAno saMpUrNa rIte bhAratIya tattvajJAnanA ja che ane empoDokalIsa jANatA ke ajANatA saMpUrNa rIte jaina dvaitavAdanA samarthaka che. teoe temanI preraNA temanA pUrvagAmI jaina tattvajJo pAsethI lIdhI che ke svataMtra ciMtana dvArA meLavI che te prazna taddana gauNa ane aprastuta che. jANavA yogya hakIkata to e che ke maulika ciMtananI dizAmAM hajAro mAIla dUra rahevAvALA ciMtako paNa satyanI oLakhANa ane nirUpaNa eka rIte ja kare che. 2010_04

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75 - - -- grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya vizvanA kAlavibhAgo ane vezyAnA siddhAMtoH vizvanA kAla vibhAgo ane vezyA bAbata jaina tattvajJoe je vicAro raju karyA che. tenI taddana najIkanA vicAro empIDokalIse paNa karyA che. kAlanA cAra vibhAgo temaNe karyA. eka vibhAga emA e che ke jemA "prema" (Love). saMpUrNa prabhutva bhogave che. ane "kalaha" (Strife).ne koI sthAna nathI. A vibhAgamAM gati-hInatA che, badhuM zAMta che. A prathama vibhAga (Stage One) che. bIjA vibhAga (Stage Two) mAM "kalaha" no praveza thavA lAge che jethI virodhAbhAsitatvo nA pariNAme kALamAM gatino praveza zarU thAya che. trIjA vibhAgamAM kalahanuM prabhuttva jAme che. ane cothA vibhAgamAM punaH "prema"no praveza thavA lAge che A rIte vaizvika krama cAlyA kare che. "lezyA"no jaina siddhAMta jIvaMta vastunA guNadoSa mujaba tenI AsapAsano kudaratI "orA" utpanna thAya che te bAbata che . empIDolIsanI Theory of Perception (lAgaNI pravAha no siddhAMta) kAMIka A prakAre che. tenA kahevA mujaba dareka vastu tenA aMtargata svabhAvano pravAha tenI AsapAsa relAvatI hoya che ane tenI asara tenA saMsargamAM AvatA bIjA padArtha upara paNa paDatI hoya che. tenA draSTAMta rUpe te jaNAve che ke jaMgalamAM je vanaspati pAse thaIne prANI prasAra thAya te vanaspati upara potAnI gaMdha choDI de che ane te gaMdhanA AdhAre zikArI janAvara te prANIne pakaDI pADe che. vaijJAnika kSetre temanuM pradAnaH empIDokalIse vaijJAnika kSetre paNa pradAna karela che. temaNe sAbita karyuM ke havA svataMtra padArtha che ane tethI koI paNa khAlI pAtrane pANImAM 2010_04

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grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya Udhu vALo to tenI aMdaranI havA pANIne aMdara praveza karavA deze nahi. temaNe senTrIphayugala phorsa nI sAbitI karI bAtAvI ke pANI bharela pyAlo eka cheDethI jorathI goLa goLa pheravo to aMdaranuM pANI bahAra paDaze nahi. temaNe AgaLa vadhIne sAbita karyuM ke vanaspatinA jIvomAM paNa jAtIya AkarSaNa hoya che caMdramAno prakAza potAno svataH nathI paraMtu parAvartita che ane prakAzane AvI pahoMcatA samaya lAge che tevuM paNa temaNe batAvyuM. ITAlIana vaidakazAstranA teo puraskartA hatA. A rIte bahuvidha pratibhA dharAvatuM temanuM vyaktitva hatuM. 2010_04

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grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya enekajhegorasa Anaxagora ja. I.sa. pU. 500-428 temanu vyaktitva H : eziyA mAInoranA AyoniyA pradezomAM Avela zahera "kalejhomenA" (Clazomenae) mAM temano janma thaela paraMtu te samayanA ethensamAM potAnuM varcasva dharAvatA perikalIsanA AmaMtraNathI teo ethensamAM rahevA gayA ane tyAMnA buddhijIrI vargamAM temaNe trIseka varSa gALyAM te samaye teonI yuvAna vaya hatI ane eka prakhyAta vaijJAnika temaja- dArzanika tarIke temanI khyAti thaI hatI. k 77 temaNe prathama vakhata jaNAvyuM ke AkAzI graho paththaranA banelA che paMratu AkAzamAM paththara kevI rIte hoya ? tevI mAnyatAthI loko temane hasI kADhatA hatA.paraMtu I.pU.467 mAM sisilI TApumAM eka moTo ulkApAta thayo tyAre temanA maMtavyane samarthana maLyuM ane eka vaijJAnika tarIkenI temanI khyAti vadhI. teo eka moTo vAraso choDIne ethensamAM Avela paraMtu temane Azraya ApanAra perikalIsanI vRddhAvasthAmAM perikalIsanA virodhIoe perilasanA mitrone herAna karavAnuM zarU karyuM. teno bhoga anekajhegorasa paNa thaI paDayA. enekajhegorasa kahetA ke sUrya eka lAla dhagadhagato moTo patthara che ane caMdra pRthvImAthI banelo che.A jAtanuM kathana te samayanA ethensavAsIonI dhArmika mAnyatAthI virUddhanuM hatuM kAraNake te loko AkAzI padArthane daivI mAnatA hatA.AthI enekajhegorasa sAme kAma cAlyuM jene pariNAme emane ethensa choDavuM paDayuM. ethensa choDIne teo potAnA mULavatana eziA mAInoramAM 2010_04

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78 grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya gayA ane tyAM AgaLa "sensekasa" zaheramAM sthAyI thayA ane ati sanmAnapUrvaka mRtyu sudhI rahyA . temanI chellI IcchA mujaba tenI yAdadAstarUpe zALAmAM bALakone eka divasanI chUTa ApavAnuM zaheranA nAgarikoe TharAvyuM. teo empIDokalIsanA vicArothI sArI rIte prabhAvita thaela ane temanA tattvajJAnano pAyo bhAratanA kapIla muni praNita sAMkhyadarzanane atyaMta maLato hato. temanuM jIvana AtmadarzI hatuM temane koIe pUchayuM "tamane tamArA dezanI kAMI paDI nathI?" temaNe AkAza tarapha AMgaLI cIMdhIne javAba Apyo "mArA A deza mATe mane bahu khyAla che" teo potAnI jAtane sArAe vizvanA nAgarika samajatA. temano bahutattvavAdaH teonI vicArasaraNI bahutattvavAdI hatI. empIDokalIsanA mata mujaba sArIe pRthvI phakata cAra tatvo pRthvI, pANI, havA ane agninI ja banela che paMratu enekajhegorasanI mAnyatA evI hatI ke sRSTi aneka tattvonI banela che ane dareka tattva game teTalo sUkSma hoya topaNa bIjA tamAma tattvonA guNone dhAraNa kare che paraMtu je guNa temAM prAdhAnya dharAve che te ja bAhya najare jaNAya che. ane te rIte te tattva oLakhAya che. temanA A siddhAMtane homIoperITI (homoeo-mereity)no siddhAMta kahe che. dunyavI vyavahAramAM A siddhAMtanI agatya ghaNI che kAraNake te e vAtano svIkAra kare che ke dareka vyaktimAM saguNo ane durguNono vAsa hoya che tethI darekamAM saguNone bahAra lAvavA prayatna karIe to ghaNI sAmAjika samasyAo hala thaI zake. temanA maMtavya mujaba sRSTinA tamAma padArtho svataMtra rUpe mULabhUta che eTale ke koI bIjA padArthamAMthI 2010_04

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grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya 79 :: "" utpanna thayA nathI.temanA A siddhAMtane Doctrine of Seeds" kahevAya che (bIjano siddhAMta) je sAMkhyadarzana nA prakRti nA siddhAMtane anurUpa che. "Doctrine of Seeds" (bIjano siddhAMta) potAnA tattvajJAnamAM dAkhala karIne temaNe eka navA rUpakano khyAla Apyo che.eka bIjamAMthI moTuM jhADa utpanna thAya che.paraMtu vastutaH te jhADanA tamAma bhAgo 'bIja" mAM je tattvo rahela che te ja tattvone dhAraNa kare che.Aja rIte A sRSTinA tamAma padArtho A pRthvImAM je kAMI tattvo che tene ochA vadhatA pramANamAM dhAraNa kare che. temane bIjo siddhAMta "mind" agara "Nous" "mana" agara buddhi" aMgeno che. te kahe che ke judA judA padArthanA "bIjo" je gati kare che te gati ApanAra vastu "mana" agara "buddhi" che je caitanyamaya ane preraka che ane tenI preraNAthI je gati padArtha-bIjamAM Ave che tethI sRSTimAM samatulA utpanna thAya che.A "mana"nI sattA dareka padArtha upara cAle che,te zAzvata che ane padArthane gati ApavA chatAM padArthathI lepAtuM nathI.ane zudhdha caitanyamaya sthitimAM ja rahe che.A rIte enekajhegorasa "mind" agara "Nous" ne sAMkhyonA "puruSa" ne sthAne mUke che ane te prakRtino guNomAM thatA pheraphArothI alipta rahIne "kuTastha'" sthitimAM rahe che tevuM pratipAdana kare che. st enekajhegorase "Nature of This world''nAmanuM pustaka lakhela che temAM temanA siddhAMtone nIce mujaba samajAve che:- Other things share in a portion of all things,but Mind is boundless and rules itselt and is mingled with no other thing, but remains apart by itself. For if it were not apart but had been mixed with any other thing, it would have shared in everything if it had been mixed 2010_04

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80 grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya with everything. For ,as I have said above, there is a portion of everything in everything. And if other things had been mixed with Mind they would have prevented it from exercising the rule whieh it does when apart by it self. For Mind is the slenderest and purest of all things. Mind is the ruling forec in all thing that have life whether greater or smaller.(Quoted at p.67 in Luce's Book on Introduction to Greek Philosophy) 24014:jagatanA bIjA padArtho eka bIjAnAM tattvo dhAraNa kare che paraMtu "mana" temanAthI alipta rahe che kema ke te asIma ane svataMtra che. jo tema na hota ane bIjA padArtho sAthe bhaLatuM hota to je te padArthanA guNo dharAvatuM hota, ane te saMjogomAM mana bIjA padArtho upara prAdhAnya dharAve che tene bIjA padArtho aTakAvI zakata. paraMtu mana dareka vastuomAM vadhumAM vadhu sukSma ane zuddha che ane je kAMI jIvaMta vastu che tene cetanavaMtu banAvavAnuM kAma "mana" ja kare che." je barneTa A siddhAMtone nIce mujaba samajAve che. "pahelI vAta to e che ke "Nous "mana" koI sAthe bhaLatuM nathI ane bIjI vastuonI peThe eka bIjAnAM tattvo dharAvatuM nathI."mana"koI sthULa vastu nathI tethI bIjI vastuonI peThe te ThaMDuM ke garama thaze-tema koI mAnaze nahIM. te koInI sAthe bhaLatuM nathI tenuM pariNAma e che ke te badhI vastuo upara prabhutva dharAve che ane enejhegorasanA zabdomAM kahIe to te tamAma vastuone gatizIlatA arpe che" A rIte enekajhegorasa "mana" eTale buddhi tattvanI sarvoparitA sthApita karIne Adhibhautika " to nahIM paraMtu "abhautika" tattvano svIkAra kare che. 2010_04

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grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya 81 A rIte enekajhegorasanA maMtavya mujaba vizvamAM je kAMI gatizIlatA che te gatizIlatAnuM pradAna "mana" kare che enekajhegorasa spaSTatAthI kahe che ke A sRSTinA sarjana ane vinAza bAbata grIka lokonI mAnyatA barAbara nathI kemake sRSTimAM koIe kazuM banAvyuM nathI ke koI kazAno nAza karatuM nathI. vastuonuM sarjana ane nAza judA judA tatvomA saMyojana tathA visarjanathI ApoApa thAya che. muni zrI kapIlanA sAMkhya darzana ane enekajhegorasanA maMtavyo vacce zuM pharaka che ? 2010_04

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grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya lyusIpasa (Leucippus) i.pU.440 ane DimonkrITasa (Democritus) I.pU.460-300. 82 paramANuvAda : sRSTinA mULatattvanI bhautika zodhanI prakriyA je mAyaleziyana vicAra-dhArAthI zarU thaI tenI pArAkASTA I. pUrvenI pAMcamI sadImAM paramANuvAdamAM thaI. temaNe kahyuM ke samasta vizvanI racanA tathA saMcAlana vividha prakAranA paramANuothI ane temanI gatizIlatAthI thAya che. A vicAra-dhArAnA Adya-sthApaka lyusIpasa hatA ane tenA prakhara praNetA temanA ziSya DimokrITasa hatA. lyusIpasa mIlITasanA rahIza hatA jyAMthI mAyaleziyana vicAra-dhArA zarU thaI. temanA upara pArmeniDIsa ane jhenonA vicAronI asara hatI paraMtu temanA vizenI mAhitIno eTalo badho abhAva che ke teonI hastI bAbata paNa epIkyurasa nAmanA tattvajJa e zaMkA uThAvela - joke epIkayurasa DimokrITasanA ja ziSya hatA. paraMtu A zaMkAne vidvAnoe kaMI mahattA Apela nathI. lyusIpasanA ghaNA lakhANo temanA ziSya DimokrITsane phALe gayA che. AthI paramANuvAdanI carcA karatI vakhate vidvAno lyusIpasa ane DimokrITasane sAthe ja rAkhe che. DimokrITasa thresamAM Avela avherA zaheranA vatanI hatA. temanA jamAnAnA eka atiprabhAvazALI vyakti hatA ane paramANuvAdI vicAradhArAnA agraNI gaNAya che. temanI jJAna piyAsA eTalI utkaTa hatI ke temanA eka sUtra (phregamenTa)mAM teo jaNAve che ke "IrAnanA sAmrAjya upara rAja karavA karatAM koI navA tattvaciMtanane zodhavAnuM huM vadhu pasaMda karuM.'' vadhu jANavAnI temanI utkaTatAne pariNAme temaNe bIjA 2010_04

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grIka-bhArataciMtanAtmaka aikya 83 dezonI mulAkAto lIdhI ane bhArata, Ijipta, IrAna, IthopIA bAbilona vagere pradezono pravAsa kheDI tyAMnA jJAnanA viSayonI mAhitagArI meLavela hatI. teo evA nirNaya upara AvyA ke vizvanI tamAma vastuo judA judA prakAranA paramANuothI ja bharela che. A paramANuonuM vibhAjana zakya nathI ane temanI "vacce" zUnyAvakAza hovAthI temane gati levAnI suvidhA thAya che. A aNuo prathamathI ja gatizIla hoya che ane temanI satata gatizIlatAne pariNAme aneka prakAranuM vaividhya vizvamAM racAya che. A aNuo saMkhyAmAM temaja AkAramAM agaNita prakAranA hoya che. A aNuonA "aMdara koI zUnyAvakAza hoto nathI ane AthI tenuM vibhAjana zakaya nathI. ApaNe judA judA padArthonuM vibhAjana karI zakIe chIe tenuM kAraNa e che ke te padArthonA aNuonI "va" avakAza (jagyA) hoya che paraMtu AvI koI jagyA aNunI "aMdara" hotI nathI tethI tenuM vibhAjana zakaya nathI. aNuonI AsapAsa khAlI jagyAno upayoga tenI gatizIlatAne saraLa banAvavA mATe che. A gatine pariNAme judAjudA aNuo ekabIjAnA saMgharSamAM Ave che koI vakhata temanuM saMyojana paNa thAya che jyAre te navuM svarUpa pakaDe che ane jyAre saMgharSamAM Ave che tyAre paNa navuM svarUpa pakaDe che ane A pramANe vizvamAM bhautika vaividhya najare paDe che. pariNAme ghaNI sRSTio utpanna thAya che, koInuM visarjana thAya che jayAre koI visarjananI prakriyAmAM paDe che. DimokrITIsanA mata mujaba AtmA, mana, vicAro te tamAma 2010_04

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84 grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya aNuonA ja banela che ane aNuonI gatizIlatA temaja prakriyA mujaba teo kAma kare che. A badhI prakriyA koI "hetu" pUrvaka thatI nathI kemake te taddana yAMtrika (mechanical) che. AthI cAlu dhArmika mAnyatAono teo svIkAra karatA nathI temaja enerjhegorasanA "noosa" (Nous) "mana"nA siddhAMtamAM paNa mAnatA nathI. A rIte aNuvAdIo aNu vijJAnamAM tatvArtha (nuceta physics) nI dRSTie bhAratIya tattvajJAnanI najIka AvyA paraMtu abuonI gatizIlatAnuM prerakabaLa zuM hatuM tenI zodha karI nahi ane "yAMtrikaLe che tema mAnIne saMtoSa pAmyA, tenuM kAraNa e jaNAya che ke temanA mana mujaba "AtmA" paNa aNuothI banela che. DimokrITsa kahe che ke AnaMdita jIvana jIvavuM teja jIvanano hetu che ane te hetu siddha karavA sAdI ane sAMskRtika jIvana paddhatino svIkAra karavo joIe. hiMsA ane UrmizIlatA tathA jAtIya bhoga vilAsano teo virodha karatA. temanA mate Indriya sukha kSaNika ane asatya che ane mANasanI mAnasika zAMtimAM vikSepa utpanna kare che teo eka sUtra (phregamenTa)mAM jaNAve che ke sAdo roTalo ane ghAsanI pathArInuM sAduM jIvana bhUkha saMtoSavA ane thAka utAravA mATenuM sAruM sAdhana che. teo kahetA ke saramukhatyArazAhInI gulAmI avasthAmAM bhautika samRddhi maLe te karatAM lokazAhI vyavasthAmAM dAridraya meLavavuM bahetara che. A rIte aNuvAdI vicAra-saraNI tadana bhautika ane vaijJAnika hatI paraMtu tenA mULamAM to vividha prakAranA aNuonI gatizIlatA hatI. A gatizIlatA kevI rIte ane zA mATe aNuone prApta thAya che tenA khulAsAmAM thatI yAMtrika kriyA che. "gati"no siddhAMta A 2010_04

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grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya 85 pahelAMnA amuka grIka tattvajJoe svIkArela che te ApaNe joI gayA. epIDokalIse prema (Love) ane kalaha (Strife) ne gatizIlatAnuM prerakabaLa kahyuM. enekajhegorase "bIja"nI gatinA prerakabaLa mATe "mana" agara buddhine javAbadAra gaNyuM paraMtu aNuvAdIoe aNunI gati svayaMbhU che tema mAnyuM. AvI mAnyatAne pariNAme teo evA nirNaya upara AvyA ke aNuonI yAMtrika gati upara ApaNo koI kAbu na hovAthI vizvanA tamAma banAvo "anivArya che. A eka "niyatino siddhAMta (Determinism) thayo je mahAvIranA samakAlIna gozAlakano siddhAMta hato. A prakArano siddhAMta mAnava jIvana upara zuM asara kare che ane sukha tathA samabhAvanI prApti mATe keTalo asarakAraka che tenI khojano temano viSaya rahyo nahi kAraNa ke temanuM tattvaciMtana phakta bhautika bhUmikA upara ja UbhuM hatuM. mRtyu aMge aNuvAdIono khulAso ghaNo sAdo hato ke AtmAnA paramANuo jyAre zarIrathI temanI gatizIlatAne laIne alaga paDI jAya che tyAre mANasanuM mRtyu thAya che. "alaga paDavAnI AvI gati zA mATe ane kyAre thAya che tevA prazno uThAvavAno koI avakAza ja raheto nathI kAraNa ke badhuM temanA kahevA mujaba phakata yAMtrika ja che tethI AtmAnA punarjanmano paNa koI prazna raheto nathI. temanA maMtavya mujaba zarIranA ane AtmAnA paramANuo judA judA prakAranA hoI zake che ane temanI yAMtrika gatithI koI paNa samaye saMyojita thaI zake che. paraMtu amuka pazunA AtmAmAM, amuka pakSIonA AtmAmAM ane amuka - vanaspati ke patthara, pANI, agni vageremAM saMyojita thAya tenuM kAraNa zuM haze? te tamAma yAMtrika ja hoya to vizvamAM je anyAya, anAcAra, dveSa, hiMsA vagere je cAle che ane jeno virodha aNuvAdIo paNa kare 2010_04

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grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya che, teno koI upAya ja nathI, tema mAnavuM rahyuM. aNuvAdIonA mata pramANe jJAnanA be prakAro che eka che "Trueborn" (zuddhajJAna) ane bIjuM che "Bastard" (azuddha jJAna) prathama prakAranuM jJAna "buddhi" ke "vicAra"thI utpanna thAya che jyAre bIjA prakAranuM jJAna indriyo mAraphata meLavAya che, tema teo kahe che. ahIM jJAna aMgenI jena mAnyatAnI najIka aNuvAdIo AvI gayA. jaina mAnyatA mujaba cAra prakAranAM jJAna hoI zake che te mati, zruti, avadhI ane kaivalya. temAMnA prathamanA be prakAranA jJAna "parokSa che kema ke te Indriya mAraphata meLavAya che jyAre chellA be prakAranA jJAna "pratyakSa" che kAraNa ke indriyonI madada vinA AtmA tene prApta kare che. "AtmA" viSeno khyAla bhAratIya tattvajJone je rItano hato tevo khyAla grIka ke tyArabAdanA pazcimanA tattvajJone nathI ane AtmA, buddhi ane mana - te traNene ghaNe aMze praryAyavAcaka gaNIne teo visaMvAditA utpanna kare che. bhAratIya tattvajJo buddhi ane manane paNa zarIrano ati sUkSma paraMtu bhautika aMza gaNe che tethI mana ane buddhithI para temaja svataMtra evI Atmasiddhino spaSTa khyAla teone AvI zakela nathI. aNuvAdIo ema paNa mAnatA ke dareka aNune tenI AsapAsa raheto "prabhAva kSetra" hoya che (jene jaino "lezyA" kahe che) teo ema mAne che A "prabhAva kSetranA kiraNo vyaktinI sparzendriya sudhI pahoMcatAM khaMDita ke kuMThita thavA pAme te teTalA aMze vyaktine je jJAna prApta thAya te adhUruM rahe ane tethI dareka vyaktinI jJAna dazAmAM pheraphAra jaNAya che. temanI A mAnyatA jaino anekAntavAdanA siddhAMtane sAro Teko Ape che. 2010_04

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grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya upasaMhAra vizvanA sarjanamAM tathA tenA vikAsanA kramamAM gUDhavAda ke rahasyavAdane koI sthAna ja nathI ane adhyAtmane sparzavAthI vaijJAnika anveSaNane nukasAna pahoMcaze tevA koI pUrvagrahathI pIDAtA citako jIvanamAM utpanna thatI viSamatAono upAya zodhavAmAM bahudhA niSphaLa nIvaDe che. tevI niSphaLatA grIka ciMtakone maLI. dareka ciMtanano chevaTano hetu jIvanamAM "AnaMda"nI prApti- karavAno hoya to adhyAtma ane vijJAnanuM yogya saMyojana karavAno prayatna anivArya che. Avo prayatna nahi thavAne pariNAme bhautika dRSTie samRddha thatI jatI grIsanI prajAne jIvanamAM saMtoSa ane zAMti meLavavA koI nUtana prakAranI vicArasaraNInI jarUra hatI. A jarUra pUrI pADavA sophIsTono varga Ubho thayo. sophIsTo koI tattvajJAnIo hatA nahi temaja temano varga koI eka cokkasa vicArasaraNIno siddhAMta laIne AgaLa Avyo nathI - teonuM kArya vyaktilakSI hatuM. Adhunika samAjanA vakIlonA dhaMdhA sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya tevo temano vyavasAya hato. teo judI jagyAoe pharatA rahetA ane khAsa karIne yuvAna vargane phI laIne dalIlabAjI zIkhavatA. eka ja prazna aMge banne bAju dalIlo kevI rIte thAya tenuM zikSaNa paNa ApatA. temAMnA be sophIsTo proTegorasa ane gojiyAta mukhya che. tattvajJAnanA kSetre temanuM koI pradAna hatuM nahi. vyaktigata vyavahAranA praznonA ukelamAM teo vyaktigata rasa jarUra letA paraMtu te hAlanA lakhANanA saMdarbhamAM prastuta nathI. sophIsTonA jamAnAmAM ja sokreTIsa thayA. sokreTIsa, pleTo ane erasaToTalanA 2010_04 WWW.jainelibrary.org

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88 grIka-bhArata ciMtanAtmaka aikya tattvajJAnanI asara madhyapUrvanA IslAmI vicArako upara sArI rIte thaI paraMtu te samaye A traNa mahAnubhAvo bhAratIya vicAra saraNIthI sArI rIte raMgAela hatA ja. 2010_04

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data aMS/ pra . (bhI 31 | Cleo sAhitya - a346 2010_04