Dashrupak aur Natyadarpan me Ras Swarup evam Nishpatti Ek Tulanatmaka Vivechan

Author(s): Kaji Anjum Saifi
Publisher: USA Federation of JAINA
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/211153/1

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dazarUpaka aura nATyadarpaNa meM rasa-svarUpa evaM niSpatti : eka tulanAtmaka vivecana kAjI aJjama saifo 'muJja mahIrA goSThI vaidagdhya bhAjA" ke udghoSakartA AcArya dhanaJjaya kA dazarUpaka aura 'traividha vedino' jaise vizeSaNa ke prayogakartA jainAcArya rAmacandra-guNacandra dvArA sammilitarUpeNa viracita nATyadarpaNa bhAratIya nATya paramparA meM AcArya bharata ke nATyazAstra ke pazcAt apanA mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhate haiN| rasa-svarUpa eva niSpatti ke sambadha meM ina granthoM meM pratipAdita vicAra paramparAgata vicAra-saraNi se paryApta bhinna pratIta hote haiN| ataH inakA adhyayana jJAna aura jijJAsA kI dRSTi se upAdeya pratIta hotA hai| donoM granthakAroM ke mantavyoM ke pUrNa spaSTIkaraNa aura unake prati nyAya kI dRSTi se yaha Avazyaka tathA ucita pratIta hotA hai ki prathama unake mantavyoM ko pRthak-pRthaka kara tatpazcAt unakA pArasparika tulanAtmaka vivecana prastuta kiyA jAye / dazarUpaka meM rasa-svarUpa evaM niSpatti :-dhanaJjaya dazarUpaka ke caturtha prakAza meM rasa-viSayaka vivecana karate haiN| unake anusAra sAmAjika ke citta meM sthita 'rati' Adi bhAva hI 'vibhAva' Adi ke mAdhyama se AsvAdya hokara zRMgAra Adi rasa-rUpa ko prApta hote haiN| unakA mantavya hai ki rasa vAkyArtharUpa hotA hai| jisa prakAra vAcya athavA prakaraNa Adi ke dvArA buddhistha kriyA hI kArakoM se anvita hokara vAkyArtha hotI hai, usI prakAra 'vibhAva' Adi se yukta hokara 'sthAyI bhAva' bhI vAkyArtharUpa hotA hai| vaiyAkaraNoM ke anusAra vAkya meM kriyA kI pradhAnatA hotI hai kyoMki kArakoM se yukta kriyA hI vAkyArtha kA AdhAra hotI hai| zrotA athavA pAThaka ko kriyA-jJAna do prakAra se sambhava hai-prathama, isake pratyakSarUpeNa zabdazaH kathana dvArA / yathA-'gAmabhyAja' Adi vAkya meM 'abhyAja' ke rUpa meM kriyApada kA zabdazaH kathana kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya, zrotA athavA pAThaka prastuta prakaraNa Adi ke AdhAra para kriyApada kA svayaM adhyAhAra kara letA hai / yathA-dvAraM dvAram' Adi vAkyoM meM prakaraNa ke anurUpa 'pidhehi' Adi upayukta kriyA kA svayaM adhyAhAra kara liyA jAtA hai| 1. AviSkRtaM maJjamahIrA goSThI vaidagdhya bhAjA dazarUpametat / 4 / 86 daza0 / / 2. traividhavedino'pyasmai tato nityaM kRtaspRhAH // nA0 da0 kA prArambhika zlokAMza / 3 vibhAvairanubhAvaizca sAttvikaiya'bhicAribhiH / AnIyamAnaH svAdyatvaM sthAyIbhAvo rasaH smRtaH // 41 daza0 / 4. vAcyA prakaraNAdibhyo buddhisthA vA yathA kriyA / vAkyArthaH kArakairyuktA sthAyIbhAvastathetaraiH / / 4 / 37 pUrvokta / 5. dhanika-vRtti ( daza0 ) pR0 333 /

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124 kAjI ajuma saiphI uparyukta laukika udAharaNa ke sadRza aisI hI vyavasthA kAvya meM bhI hotI hai| usameM bhI kahIM 'protyai navodA priyA...' Adi ke samAna svazabdopAdAnapUrvaka 'rati' Adi sthAyI bhAvoM kA pratyakSataH kathana kara diyA jAtA hai| kahIM sthAyIbhAvavAcaka zabdoM kA prayoga na karake bhI apratyakSarUpeNa usakA kathana kara diyA jAtA hai| sthAyIbhAva kA parokSa rUpa meM kathana bhI do rUpoM meM sambhava hai| kahIM prakaraNa Adi ke dvArA zrotA athavA pAThaka ko isakA jJAna ho jAtA hai aura kahIM avinAbhAva rUpa meM sambaddha 'vibhAva' Adi ke kathana se yaha jJAta ho jAtA haiM, kyoMki sahRdaya sAmAjika isa tathya se pUrNataH bhijJa hotA hai ki amuka 'viziSTa vibhAga' amuka sthAyIbhAva ke sAtha nizcita rUpa se rahate haiN| uparyukta kisI bhI rUpa se jJAta 'sthAyIbhAva' kAvya meM varNita vividha 'vibhAva' Adi se paripuSTa hokara 'rasa' kahA jAtA hai| __ ataH spaSTa hai ki dhanaJjaya ke anusAra laukika vAkya, vAkyArtha aura 'vibhAva' Adi evaM 'rasa' meM pUrNa sAmya hai| vAkya meM sthita 'rati' Adi kriyApada-sthAnIya haiM, "vibhAva' Adi kArakapadasthAnIya haiM aura 'rasa' vAkyArtha rUpa hai| isase yaha tathya bhI spaSTarUpeNa dhvanita ho jAtA hai ki dhananjaya rasa evaM kAvya meM vyaGgya-vyaJjakabhAva sambandha ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiM tathA rasa-niSpatti ke prasaGga meM vyaJjanAvRtti bhI unako asvIkArya hI hai| vastutaH kumArilabhaTTa ke samarthaka mImAMsakoM ke anusAra padArtha aura vAkyArtha paraspara bhinna vastue haiM, kyoMki vAkyArtha vAkya meM sthita vividha padoM ke arthoM kA samUha mAtra na hokara usase sarvathA bhinna evaM navIna vastu hai| vAkya meM sthita pada abhidhA Adi ke mAdhyama se paraspara asambaddha rUpa meM apane arthoM kA bodhamAtra karA dete haiM, kyoMki ve svArtha bodha-mAtra kI sAmarthya se yukta hote haiN| arthoM ke paraspara anvaya kI sAmarthya kA unameM abhAva hotA hai| bAda meM paraspara asambaddha rUpa meM abhihita ina arthoM kA tAtparyavRtti ke dvArA vAkyArtha ke rUpa meM paraspara anvaya athavA saMsarga hotA hai / ataH bhATTamImAMsakoM ke anusAra vAkyArtha-bodha tAtparyavRtti dvArA hI sambhava hai| dhanaJjaya jaba rasa ko vAkyArtha-sthAnIya kahate haiM, taba apratyakSa rUpeNa unakA yahI mantavya prakaTa hotA hai ki rasa tAtparyavRtti kA viSaya hai, vyaJjanAvRtti kA nhiiN| .. dhanaJjaya ke vyAkhyAkAra dhanika ke anusAra yahA~ isa zaGkA ke liye koI sthAna nahIM hai ki jaba vibhAva Adi padArtha hI nahIM haiM, taba rasa kisa prakAra vAkyArtha ho sakatA hai, kyoMki tAtparyazakti kA paryavasAna kArya meM hotA hai| pauruSeya aura apauruSeya samasta vAkya kAryaparaka hI hote haiM / kArya ke abhAva meM unmatta vyakti ke vAkya ke sadRza inakI anupAdeyatA svayaMsiddha hI hai| kAvyazabdoM kI pravRtti kA viSaya vibhAva Adi haiM aura inakA prayojana niratizaya sukhAsvAda hai| yaha anvaya-vyatireka ke AdhAra para jJAta hotA hai| vibhAva Adi se saMzliSTa sthAyI bhAva kI isa alokika sukhAsvAda meM nimittabhUtatA hotI hai| ataH tAtparyazakti kA paryavasAna kAvya-zabdoM ke prayojana rUpa alaukika AnandAnubhUti arthAt vividha rasoM meM hotA hai| rasAnubhUti kI isa prakriyA meM . 1. pUrvokta pR0 333-334 / 2. na cApadArthasya vAkyArthatvaM nAstIti vAcyam / kaarypryvsaayitvaattaatpryshktH| dhanika-vRtti (daza0) pR0 334 /

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dazarUpaka aura nATyadarpaNa meM rasa-svarUpa evaM niSpatti : eka tulanAtmaka vivecana 125 'vibhAva' Adi padArtha sthAnIya haiM aura unase saMsRSTa 'rati' Adi sthAyIbhAva vAkyArtha sthAnIya / ataH yaha 'vibhAva' Adi kAvya-vAkya ke padArtha aura vAkyArtha hI haiN|' kAvyArya ke sAtha sambheda ke kAraNa AtmAnanda se utpanna svAda hI rasa kahalAtA hai / 2 kavi kAvya-zabdoM ke mAdhyama se rAma Adi ke vyaktigata vaiziSTya kA varNana nahIM karatA, apitu nijI vizeSatAoM se rahita unakI udAtta Adi avasthAoM kA kathana hI usako abhipreta hotA hai| ataH rAma Adi sAmAnya Azraya mAtra hote haiM / bhUtakAlika rAma Adi se unakA koI sambandha nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki kAvya meM apanI vyaktigata vizeSatAoM kA parityAga kara vaha sAmAnya rUpa meM hI upasthita hote haiM / kavi sAmAnya Azraya ke rUpa meM itihAsa Adi ko AdhAra banAkara apanI urvarA kalpanAzakti se unake bhAvoM evaM kAryoM kI udbhAvanA kara caritra-citraNa kara detA hai / ___ 'rati' Adi bhAva rasika ke citta meM vAsanArUpa meM sthita hote haiN| rAma evaM sItA Adi ke rUpa meM kAvyagata vibhAva Adi 'rati' Adi ko bhAvita kara dete haiM aura taba rasika svagata sthAyIbhAva Adi kA hI rasake rUpa meM AsvAdana karatA hai / ataH dhanaJjaya ke anusAra rasa evaM kAvya meM bhAvya-bhAvaka sambandha hotA hai, vAGgya vyaJjakabhAva sambandha nhiiN| vaha svayaM rasa-svarUpa evaM prakriyA kA upasaMhAra karate hue kahate haiM ki vibhAva, saJcAro evaM anubhAva nAmaka grantha kramazaH candramA, nirvada evaM romAJca Adi padArthoM ke dvArA bhAvita sthAyIbhAva hI 'rasa' hai aura usakA hI rasika ke dvArA AsvAdana kiyA jAtA hai / . dhanaJjaya isa AsvAdana kA spaSTIkaraNa laukika udAharaNa ke dvArA karate haiN| unake anusAra jisa prakAra miTTI se nirmita nirjIva hAthI Adi ke sAtha kroDArata bAlaka apane hI 'utsAha' kA AsvAdana karatA hai, usI prakAra zrotA Adi bhI arjuna Adi pAtroM ke mAdhyama se svastha 'utsAha' Adi sthAyI bhAva kA hI AsvAdana karatA hai| dhanaJjaya ke anusAra AtmAnanda se samudbhUta rasa kI cAra avasthAe~ hotI haiM-citta kA vikAsa, vistAra, kSobha evaM vikSepa / yaha citta-vikAsa Adi kramazaH zRGgAra, vIra, bIbhatsa evaM raudra rasoM meM hotA hai| yahI avasthAe~ kramazaH hAsya, adbhuta, bhayAnaka evaM karuNa rasoM meM bhI hotI 1. pUrvokta pR0 334-335 / 2. svAdaH kAvyArtha sambhedAdAtmAnandasamadbhavaH / 4 / 43 daza / 3. dhIrodAttAdyavasthAnAM rAmAdiH pratipAdakaH / vibhAvayatiratyAdInsvadanterasikasya te // tA eva ca parityaktavizeSA rasa hetavaH / 4 / 40-41, daza / 4 padArtha rindunirveda romAJcAdisvarUpakaiH / kAvyAdvibhAvasaJcAryanubhAva prakhyatAM gataH / / bhAvitaH svadate sthAyI rasaH sa parikIrtitaH // 4 / 46,47 pUrvokta / 5. krIDatAM mRnmayairyadvad bAlAnAM dviradAdibhiH // svotsAhaH svadate tadvacchrotRNAmarjunAdibhiH / 4 / 41-42 pUrvokta /

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126 kAjI ajuma saiphI haiN| isI kAraNa hAsya Adi ko kramazaH zRGgAra Adi se utpanna kaha diyA jAtA hai / vastutaH citta-sambheda kI apekSA se hI yahA~ zRGgAra Adi ko hetu tathA hAsya Adi ko hetumAna kahA gayA hai, kArya-kAraNa-bhAva ke abhiprAya se nahIM / nATyadarpaNa meM rasa-svarUpa evaM niSpattiH-AcArya hemacandra ke ziSya rAmacandra-guNacandra ne vibhAva evaM vyabhicArI bhAvoM ke dvArA pUrNa utkarSa prApta aura spaSTa anubhAvoM dvArA nizcita sthAyIbhAva ko sukha-duHkhAtmaka rasa kahA hai| sthAyI bhAva ke loka-siddha kArya, hetu aura saJcAriyoM ko kAvya meM kramazaH anubhAva, vibhAva, aura vyabhicArI kahA jAtA hai| kAvya meM parastha rasa kI pratipatti hotI hai aura yaha cittadharma rUpa hone evaM cittadharma ke atIndriya hone ke kAraNa pratyakSa nahIM hotI hai| ataH parastha rasa kI yaha parokSa pratIti usake nAntarIyaka arthAt avinAbhUta kAryarUpa anubhAvoM ke mAdhyama se hI hotI hai / rAmacandra-guNacandra ke anusAra sAmAjikoM ke manoraJjana ke liye anukAryagata vibhAva Adi ke anukaraNa meM pravRtta naTa meM rasAbhAva hone para bhI stambha Adi anubhAvoM kI prAptivaza yaha AzaGkA vyartha hai ki yaha rasa ke nAntarIyaka nahIM hote| vastutaH naTagata anubhAva sAmAjikastha rasa ke janaka hone se usake kAraNa hI hote haiM, kArya nahIM / sAmAjikagata anubhAvoM ko hI tadgata rasa kA bodhaka hone se kArya kahA jaayegaa| vAstava meM laukika jIvana meM strI, pUruSa evaM naTa aura kAvyagata romAJca Adi anubhAva sAmAjika meM rasa ke janaka hone se vibhAva hI hote haiM tathA isake viparIta prekSaka, zrotA evaM anu rasa ke nAntaroyaka hoNge| rasa-paribhASA ke avasara para kathita 'vyabhicArI' zabda se rAmacandra-gaNacandra kA Azaya sAmAjikagata vyabhicArI bhAvoM se hai, anukArya yA anukartAgata vyabhicAriyoM se nhiiN|" rasa ke 1. pUrvokta 4 / 43-45 / 2. hetu hetumadbhAva eva sammedApekSA darzito na kAryakAraNabhAvAbhiprAyeNa teSAM kAraNAntarajanyatvAt / dhanika vRtti ( daza0 ) pR0 349 / 3. nA0 da0 3 / 8 / 4. iha tAvat sarvaloka prasiddhA parasthasya rasasya pratipattiH / sA ca na pratyakSA, cetodharmANAmatIndriyatvAt, tasmAt parokSA eva / parokSA ca pratipattiravinAbhUtAd vastvantarAt / atra ca rase anyasya vastvantarasyA. sambhavAt kAryamevAvinA kRtam / vivRtti, nA0 da0 pR0 142 / paragata vibhAvAdyanukriyAyAM ca pararaJjanArthaM pravRttasya naTasya rasAbhAve'pi stambhasvedAdayo bhavantIti / naiSAM rasAntarIyakatvamAzaGnIyam / teSAM paragata rasajanakatvenAkAryatvAta. naTagatA hi stambhAdayo prekSakagatarasAnAM kAraNam, prekSakagatAstu kAryANi / pUrvokta pR0 142 / romAJcAdayazca ye strI-paMsa-naTa-kAvyasthAste pareSAM rasajanakatvAta vibhAvamavyatinaH / prekSakazrotranusandhAtrAdi sthitAstu rasasya kAryANi santo vyavasthApakAH / vivRtti , pUrvokta pR0 142 / 7. atra ca ratyAdevibhAvairAvirbhUtasya poSakAriNo vyabhicAriNo rasikagatA eva grAhyAH / pUrvokta pR0 143 /

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dazarUpaka aura nATyadarpaNa meM rasa-svarUpa evaM niSpatti : eka tulanAtmaka vivecana 127 poSaka ina vyabhicArIbhAvoM ke abhAva meM rasAsvAda asambhava hai| nATyadarpaNa ke anusAra strIcintA-rUpa vyabhicArI ke abhAva meM zRGgAra, dhati ke abhAva meM hAsya, viSAda ke abhAva meM karuNa, ke abhAva meM raudra. harSa ke abhAva meM vIra. trAsa ke abhAva meM bhaya, zaGgA ke abhAva meM bIbhatsa. autsukya ke abhAva adbhata aura nirveda ke abhAva meM zAnta rasa kA prAdurbhAva asambhava hai| anyatra athavA virakta citta vAle vyakti ko vAkyArtha-bodha athavA strI Adi ke darzana hone para bhI inake abhAva meM rasAsvAda nahIM hotA hai / inake atyanta sUkSma athavA zIghratApUrvaka ghaTita hone ke kAraNa hI inakA yatra-tatra abhAva-sA dRSTigocara hotA hai| vastutaH anukArya evaM anukartAgata vyabhicArI to sAmAjika ke rasodbodhana meM hetubhUta hone se vibhAva hI svIkAra kiye jaayeNge|' rAmacandra-guNacandra rasa kI dvividha sthiti ko svIkAra karate haiM-prathama, lokagata rasa aura dvitIya, kAvyagata rasa / niyata viSayatva aura sAmAnya viSayatva bheda se yaha laukika rasAsvAda punaH do prakAra kA hotA hai| niyata viSayatva AsvAda vyaktivizeSa taka sImita hotA hai, kyoMki isameM loka meM vAstavika rUpa meM sthita sItA evaM rAma Adi vibhAva vyaktivizeSa meM hI sthita 'rati' Adi rUpa sthAyIbhAva ko hI rasarUpa meM paripuSTa karate haiN| jaba ina vibhAvoM ke dvArA sAmAnya rUpa meM aneka vyaktiyoM ke 'rati' Adi sthAyIbhAvoM kA rasarUpa meM poSaNa hotA hai, taba yaha rasAsvAda vyakti vizeSa se sambaddha na hone ke kAraNa sAmAnya viSayatva kahalAtA hai| rAmacandra-guNacandra ke anusAra yuvaka ke dvArA rAgavatI yuvatI kA Azraya lekara tatsambaddha apanI 'rati' kA zRGgAra' ke rUpa meM AsvAdana niyatAviSayatva hai to dUsare meM anurakta vanitA kA Azraya lekara sAmAnya viSaya 'rati' kA upacaya sAmAnya viSayatva hai| isI prakAra bandhu zoka se khinna evaM rotI huI yuvatI ko dekhakara sAmAnya viSayaka karuNa rasAsvAda hI hotA hai| unakA spaSTa vicAra hai ki anya rasoM ke sambandha meM bhI vizeSa evaM sAmAnya viSayatva draSTavya hai / ____ kAvyagata rasa vizeSa aura sAmAnya viSaya-vibhAga se rahita hotA hai| kAvya ke dvArA mAtra sAmAnya rUpa meM rasobodha hotA hai; kyoMki kAvya evaM abhinaya ke dvArA avidyamAna hone para bhI vidyamAna ke sadRza pratIta karAye gaye 'vibhAva' zrotA, anusandhAtA aura prekSaka ke 'sthAyIbhAva' ko sAmAnyarUpeNa hI rasarUpa meM ubuddha karate haiN|' niyata viSayatva aura sAmAnya viSayatva ke atirikta rAmacandra-guNacandra lokagata aura kAvyagata rasa kI do anya vizeSatAoM kA bhI ullekha karate haiN| unake anusAra lokagata rasa svagata aura 1. vivRtti, nA0 da0 pR0 143 / 2. yatra vibhAvAH paramArthena santaH pratiniyata viSayameva sthAyinaM rasatvamApAdayanti / tatra niyata viSayollekho rasAsvAda prtyyH| yuvA hi rAgavatIM yuvatimavalambya tadviSayAmeva rati zRGgAratayA''svAdayati / yatra tu parAnuraktAM vanitAmavalambya sAmAnyaviSayA ratirUpacayamupaiti, tatra na niyataviSayaH zRGgArarasAsvAdaH, vibhAvAnAM sAmAnyaviSaye sthAyyAvirbhAvakatvAt / bandhuzokAH ca rUdatI striyamavalokya sAmAnyaviSaya eva karuNarasAsvAdaH / evamanyeSvapi raseSu vizeSa-sAmAnyaviSayatvaM draSTavyam / pUrvokta pR0 142 / 3. ye punaraparamArthasanto'pi kAvyAbhinayAbhyAM santa ivopanItA vibhAvAste zrotranusandhAtRprekSakANAM sAmAnya viSayameva sthAyinaM rasatvamApAdayanti / atra ca viSayavibhAgAnapekSI rasAsvAda pratyayaH / pUrvokta 10 142-143 //

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128 kAz2I ajuma saiphI pratyakSa hotA hai tathA kAvyagata rasa paragata aura parokSa hotA hai| vastutaH nATyadarpaNa kA prastuta sthala kiJcita aspaSTa-sA hai| rAmacandra-gaNacandra yahA~ loka, naTa, kAvya ke zrotA, anusandhAtA aura prekSaka ke rUpa meM rasa ke 5 AdhAroM kA ullekha kara unakI sva-paratA aura pratyakSa-parokSatA kA nirdeza karate haiM / donoM ke madhya spaSTa vibhAjana unake dvArA nahIM kiyA gyaa| AcArya vizvezvara inameM prathama 4 ke rasAsvAda ko svagata evaM pratyakSa kahate haiM tathA antima 'prekSaka' ko dvitIya varga meM rakhate haiM / 2 DaoN. ramAkAnta tripAThI ne bhI AcArya vizvezvara kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai|' vastutaH unakA yaha dRSTikoNa anucita pratIta hotA hai| rAmacandra-guNacandra kA abhiprAya yahA~ lokagata aura kAvyagata rasAsvAda hai / DaoN0 RSi kumAra caturvedI kA bhI yahI dRSTikoNa hai / tRtIya vizeSatA ke anusAra lokagata rasa spaSTa tathA kAvyagata rasa dhyAmala (aspaSTa) hotA hai| loka meM strI-paruSa Adi vibhAvoM ke vAstavika evaM spaSTa hone ke kAraNa rasa evaM usase utpanna anubhAva aura vyabhicArI bhAva bhI spaSTa hote haiN| kAvya meM pradarzita vibhAvoM ke avAstavika hone ke kAraNa rasa ke sadRza hI vyabhicArI evaM anubhAva bhI aspaSTa hote haiM aura isa aspaSTatA ke AdhAra para hI prekSaka Adigata rasa lokottara kahA jAtA hai / aba prazna uThatA hai ki sAmAjika ko rasAsvAda kisa prakAra hotA hai ? rAmacandra-guNacandra ke anusAra anukartA dvArA anukArya ko na dekhe jAne para bhI kavi-nibaddha rAma Adi ke caritra ko par3hakara evaM atyanta abhyAsa ke dvArA svayaM dekhA-sA svIkAra karake abhinaya ke samaya naTa ko yaha adhyavasAya ho jAtA hai ki svayaM sAkSAt daSTa rAma Adi kA anumAna kara maiM anukaraNa kara rahA huuN| vastutaH anukartA rAma kA nahIM apitu loka vyavahAra kA anukaraNa karatA hai; kyoMki svayaM prasanna hone para bhI rAma Adi ke rone para vaha rotA hai aura svayaM khinna hone para bhI rAma Adi ke prasanna hone para vaha prasanna hotA evaM haMsatA hai / prekSaka bhI rAma Adi viSayaka zabda-saMketoM ke zravaNa aura atyanta hRdaya saMgIta ke kAraNa vivaza ho jAtA hai tathA svarUpa, deza evaM kAla kA bheda hone evaM anukartA ke anukArya na hone para 1. tadevaM sva-parayoH pratyakSa-parokSAbhyAM gamaH sukha-duHkhAtmA lokasya naTasya kAvyazrotranusandhAtroH prekSakasya ca rasaH / pUrvokta pR0 143 / 2. hi0 nA0 da0 pR0 301 / 3. saMskRta-nATya-siddhAnta pR0 156 / 4. rasa-siddhAnta, DaoN0 RSi kumAra caturvedI, pR0 124 / kevalaM mukhyastrI-puMsayoH spaSTenaiva rUpeNa raso vibhAvAnAM paramArthasattvAdata eva vyabhicAriNonubhAvAzca rasajanyAH tatra spaSTarUpAH / anyatra tu prekSakAdau dhyAmalenaiva rUpeNa vibhAvAnAma paramArthasatAmeva kAvyAdinA darzanAt / ataeva vyabhicAriNo'nubhAvAzca rasAnusAreNAspaSTA eva / ataeva prekSakAdigato raso lokottara ityucyate |""""vivRti, nA da0 pR0 143 / rAmAderanukAryasya naTena prekSakairvA svayamadRSTatvAt / anukartA hyanukAryamadRSTvA nAnu kartumalam / prekSako'pi cAdRSTAnukAryo nAnu karturanukartRtvamanumanyate / tadyaM naTo rAmAdezcaritaM kavinibaddhamadhItyAtyantAbhyAsavazataH svayaM dRSTamanumanyamAno'nukaromItyadhyavasyati, paramArthastu lokavyavahAramevAyamanuvartate / prahRSTo'pi hi rAmeNa rudite roditi, na tu hasati / viSaNNo'pi ca hasite hasati na tu roditItyAdi / pUrvokta pR0 167 /

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dazarUpaka aura nATyadarpaNa meM rasa-svarUpa evaM niSpatti : eka tulanAtmaka vivecana 129 bhI AMgika Adi caturvidha abhinaya ke kAraNa mUla svarUpa ke AcchAdita ho jAne se tathAbhUta-se anukartA meM anukArI rAma Adi kA adhyavasAya kara letA hai| isa adhyavasAya ke kAraNa hI vaha rAma Adi kI sukha-duHkhAtmaka avasthAoM meM tanmaya ho jAtA hai|' kavi trikAladarzI RSiyoM ke jJAna ke dvArA nizcayapUrvaka rAma Adi kA nATaka Adi meM nibandhana karate haiN| muniyoM ke prati vizvAsa ke kAraNa sAmAnyajana kavi-nibandhita una caritroM meM bhI vizvAsa kara lete haiN| ataH prekSakoM dvArA kavi nibaddha rUpa meM naTa kA darzana sAkSAt anukArya rAma Adi kA darzana hI hotA hai| vastutaH vastu-svarUpa ke sambandha meM carma-cakSaoM se dekhane vAle sAmAnya jana to bhrAnta ho sakate haiM, jJAna-dazA RSi nhiiN| isaliye sAkSAta darzana se bhI adhika jAne gaye muni-jJAna dvArA dRSTa artha kA vAstavika rUpa meM anukaraNa karane vAle naTa kA nirAkaraNa karane meM durvidagdha buddhi prekSaka asamartha hote haiN| unhoMne rAma Adi ko dekhA ho athavA na dekhA ho, parantu naTa meM unheM rAmAdi kA adhyavasAya ho hI jAtA hai| isake viparIta rAmAdi kI avAstavikatA kA jJAna hone para vaha rAmAdi kI sukha-duHkha pUrNa avasthAoM meM tanmaya nahIM ho sakate haiM / naTa meM rAma Adi kA adhyavasAya rUpa bhrAnti se bhI prekSaka meM zRGgAra Adi rasoM kA unmeSa hotA hai| kyoMki svapna meM kAminI, vairI evaM cora Adi ko dekhane vAle evaM rasa ke carmotkarSa ko prApta puruSa meM bhI stambha Adi anubhAva dekhe jAte haiN| ataH prekSaka kI rasAnubhUti meM isa tarka ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / 2 kAvya meM varNita sItA ke prati rAma ke zRGgAra kA naTa dvArA anukaraNa kiye jAne para sAmAjikoM meM sotA viSayaka zRGgAra kA samullAsa nahIM hotA hai| kAvya meM sItA Adi ke dvArA apane viziSTa svarUpa kA parityAga kara diye jAne ke kAraNa sAmAjikoM ko yaha rasAsvAda sAmAnya strI viSayaka hI hotA hai| kAvya kI yaha prakRti loka se sarvathA bhinna hai| kAvya ke sadRza loka meM bhI yadi sItA Adi vibhAva vidyamAna na hoM taba bhI etadviSayaka smRti ke AdhAra para niyataviSayaka rasAsvAda hI hotA hai, sAmAnya viSayaka nahIM / sAmAnya rUpa meM hone vAlA yaha rasAsvAda paraspara bAdhaka nahIM hotA hai / paraspara tulanA aura AlocanA :-dhanaJjaya mUlataH rasa-prakriyA kA vyAkhyAna karate haiM aura isI pravAha meM yatra-tatra prayukta zabdoM ke mAdhyama se apratyakSarUpeNa unake rasasvarUpa viSayaka dRSTikoNa kA bhI kiJcit AbhAsa ho jAtA hai| isake viparIta rAmacandra-guNacandra rasa-svarUpa evaM prakriyA 1. prekSako'pi rAmAdizabdasaMketa zravaNAdati hRdayasaMgItakAhitavaivazyAcca svarUpa-deza-kAlabhedena tathAbhUteSva pyabhinaya catuSThyAcchAdanAt tathAbhUteSviva naTeSu rAmAdInAdhyavasyati / ataeva tAsu-tAsu sukha-duHkharUpAsu rAmAdyavasthAsu tanmayo bhavati / pUrvokta pR0 167 / 2. vivRtti, nA0 da0 pR0 167-68 / 3. na hi rAmasya sItAyAM zRGgAre'nukriyamANe sAmAjikasya sItAviSayaH zRGgAraH samullasati, apitu sAmAnyastrIviSayaH / niyataviSayasmaraNAdinA sthAyinaH pratiniyata viSayatAyAM tu pratiniyataviSaya eva rasAsvAdaH / tathA paramArthasatAmabhinayakAvyApitAnAM na vibhAvAnAM bahusAdhAraNatvAd ya ekasya rasAsvAdaH so'nyApratikSepAtmetyayogavyavacchedena, na punaranyayogaM vyavacchedena / pUrvokta pR0 143 / 17

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130 kAjI aJjuma saiphI donoM kA nirUpaNa karate haiN| vAstava meM rasa-niSpatti kI apekSA rasa-svarUpa kA unhoMne adhika savistAra vivecana kiyA hai| tathyAtmaka dRSTi se dhanaJjaya aura rAmacandra-guNacandra kI rasa-viSayaka avadhAraNAoM meM sAmya kI apekSA vaiSamya adhika dRSTigocara hotA hai / yadyapi paravartI AcAryoM aura vartamAna AlocakoM dvArA bhI kisI sampUrNa vicAradhArA ko AdhikArika rUpa meM svIkRti prApta nahIM ho sakI, tathApi mukhyataH rAmacandra-guNacandra ne paramparA se bhinna aneka navIna tathyoM kA unmeSa kiyaa| dhanaJjaya aura rAmacandra-gaNacandra kI yadi rasaviSayaka avadhAraNAoM kA vihaGgAvalokana kiyA jAye to spaSTataH donoM do bhinna pRSThabhUmiyoM para AdhArita pratIta hotI haiM aura tAttvika rUpa meM yahI pRSThabhUmiyA~ unameM dRSTigata anya vibhinnatAoM ke mUla meM sakriya rahI haiN| dhanaJjaya kA rasavivecana dArzanikatA se anuprANita rahA hai aura isake viparIta rAmacandra-guNacandra kI rasa viSayaka sampUrNa vicAradhArA laukika dharAtala para AdhArita hai| unhoMne yadyapi rasa kI lokottaratA kA kathana avazya kiyA hai, tathApi yaha lokottaratA dArzanika lokottaratA se pUrNarUpeNa bhinna evaM pRthaka, hai| ve dhanaJjaya kI samasta rasoM kI sukhAtmakatA kI mAnyatA kI bhI kaTu AlocanA karate haiN| dhanaJjaya sammata rasa kI vAkyArtharUpa sattA bhI unako abhipreta nahIM hai| isI prakAra rasoM kI sukhaduHkhAtmakatA, rasa kA lokagata evaM kAvyagata tathA niyata-viSayatva evaM aniyata viSayatva ke rUpa meM jana aura lokagata rasa kI svagatatA evaM pratyakSatA tathA kAvyagata rasa ko paragatatA, parokSatA evaM dhyAmalatA Adi rAmacandra-guNacandra ke aneka mantavya dhanaJjaya aura unake dazarUpaka kI mUla prakRti ke viparIta pratIta hote haiM / dhanaJjaya kA rasa-vivecana dArzanika AdhAra para pratiSThita hai| unake dvArA bhAvakatva vyApAra kI svIkRti aura AtmAnanda se utpanna svAda ke rUpa meM rasa kA nirdeza isa tathya ko puSTa karate haiN| abhihitAnvayavAdI mImAMsakoM ke sadRza vaha bhI tAtparyAkhyA vRtti ko svIkAra karate haiN| rasa-sUtra ko darzana ke AdhAra para vyAkhyAyita karane kA sarvaprathama prayAsa bhaTTa nAyaka ke dRSTikoNa meM parilakSita hotA hai tathA isakI parAkASThA zaivAdvaitavAdI abhinavagupta ke vicAroM meM / abhinavagupta aura dhanaJjaya kA vyaktitva lagabhaga samakAlika hai| ataH unake rasa-viSayaka vicAroM meM dArzanikatA ke sammizraNa ko tAtkAlika pravRtti kA hI dyotaka kahA jA sakatA hai / sampUrNa nATyazAstrIya paramparA meM mAtra rAmacandra-guNacandra hI aise ekAMkI vidvAn rahe haiM, jinhoMne rasa ke isa paramparAgata evaM sarvamAnya dArzanika AvaraNa ko chinna-bhinna kara usako vyAvahArika evaM laukika dharAtala se sambaddha karane kA apUrva sAhasika evaM zlAghya prayAsa kiyaa| vastutaH yadi nATyazAstra kI bhaTTa lollaTa prabhRti kRta paravartI vyAkhyAoM para dRSTipAta kiyA jAye to hama dhanaJjaya kI rasa se sambaddha avadhAraNA ko bhaTTa nAyaka kI vyAkhyA ke sarvAdhika nikaTa pAte haiN| pI0 vI0 kANe ne bhI isa tathya ko svIkAra kiyA hai' / yadyapi bhaTTanAyaka kA vartamAna samaya meM koI svatantra grantha prApta nahIM hai, tathApi abhinavabhAratI sahita paravartI aneka granthoM meM unake vicAroM ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| bhaTTanAyaka ke anusAra kAvya doSoM ke abhAva evaM guNoM ke sadbhAva aura nATya meM vAcika Adi caturvidha abhinaya se nija niviDa moha saGkaTatA ke nivAraka 1. hisTrI oNpha saMskRta poyaTiksa : pI. vI. kANe, pR. 248 /

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dazarUpaka aura nATyadarpaNa meM rasa-svarUpa evaM niSpatti : eka tulanAtmaka vivecana 131 vibhAva Adi ke sAdhAraNIkRta ho jAne se abhidhA se bhinna bhAvakatva vyApAra ke dvArA rasa bhAvyamAna hotA hai| anubhava evaM smRti Adi se vilakSaNa, rajo evaM tamoguNa ke anuvedha se utpanna vicitratA ke kAraNa druti, vistAra evaM vikAsa rUpa sattva ke udreka se prakAzamaya, Anandamaya evaM nijasaMvidvizrAnti rUpa parabrahmAsvAda sAvidya bhojakatva vyApAra se inakA bhoga kiyA jAtA hai| vyaJjanA kA virodha, abhidhA evaM bhAvakatva vyApAra kI svIkRti, rasa evaM kAvya meM bhASyabhAvakabhAva sambandha svIkAra karanA, rasa kI AnandAtmakatA, vibhAva Adi kA sAdhAraNIkaraNa aura rasAzraya ke rUpa meM sAmAjika kA kathana Adi tathyoM ke sambandha meM dhanaJjaya aura bhaTTanAyaka paraspara sahamati rakhate haiN| isake viparIta donoM AcAryoM ke dRSTikoNoM meM katipaya vibhinnatAe~ bhI haiM, yathAdhanaJjaya dvArA bhojakatva vyApAra kI asvIkRti, tAtparyavRtti ke AdhAra para vAkyArtha rUpa rasa kI sattA-svIkRti, rasa-svarUpa ke sambandha meM rajo evaM tamo guNa tathA sattvodreka se usakI prakAzamayatA kA kathana na karanA, anukartA meM bhI rasa kI sambhAvanA aura sahRdaya niSTha rasa kI spaSTa svIkRti Adi / bhaTTanAyaka ke sambandha meM DaoN0 premasvarUpa gupta yaha siddha karate haiM ki unakA yaha bhAvakatvavyApAra mImAMsA darzana para AdhArita hai / ataH bhAvakatva vyApAra kI svIkRti ke kAraNa dhanaJjaya ko bhI isakA apavAda svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / vastutaH mImAMsA meM kriyA ko 'bhAvanA' ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA jAtA rahA hai, aura 'bhAvanA' zabda kA prayoga dazarUpaka meM bhI prApta hotA hai| sAdhya kI siddhi ke anukUla vyApAra ko 'bhAvanA' kahA jAtA hai | zAbdI evaM ArthI rUpa dvividha 'bhAvanA' meM sAdhya, sAdhana aura iti kartavyatA apekSita hote haiM / kAvya aura nATya ke prasaGga meM rasa sAdhya, kAvya-bhAvanA sAdhana aura guNa, alaGkAra, aucitya evaM caturvidha abhinaya Adi iti kartavyatA ke antargata parigaNita kiye jaayeNge| ataH dhanaJjaya ke rasa-siddhAnta ko adhikAMzataH mImAMsA darzana para AdhArita svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| adhikAMzataH isa artha meM ki unhoMne rasa ke Anandamayatva ko svIkAra kiyA hai tathA usako AtmAnanda se utpanna svAda bhI kahA hai| mImAMsA darzana meM AtmA kI AnandAtmakatA kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| vastutaH mImAMsA darzana meM paraspara virodhI aneka vicAra dhArAyeM haiN| bhATToM kA eka pakSa muktAvasthA meM AtmA kI AnandA 1. tasmAtkAvye doSAbhAva guNAlaGkAramayatvalakSaNena nATye caturvidhAbhinayerUpeNa niviDanijamohasaGkaTakAriNA vibhAvAdisAdhAraNI karaNAtmanA'bhidhAto dvitIyenAMzena rajastama.'nuvedha vaicitrya balAd drutivistAra vikAsalakSaNena satvodraka prakAzAnandamayanijasaMvidvizrAntilakSaNena parabrahmAsvAda savidhena bhogena paraM bhujyata iti / abhi0 bhA0 ( nA0 zA0 bhAga-1) pR0 277 / 2. rasagaGgAdhara kA zAstrIya adhyayana pR. 149 / / 3. kAvyA bhAvanAsvAdo nartakasya na vAryate // 4 / 42 daza 4. bhAvanA nAma bhaviturbhavanAnukUlo bhAvayiturvyApAra vishessH| rasagaGgAdhAra kA zAstrIya adhyayana, __ pR0 149 se uddhRta / 5. sAdhAraNIkaraNa : eka zAstrIya adhyayana pR069| '6. bhAratIya darzana pR0 334 /

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132 kAjI ajuma saiphI tmikA avasthA ko svIkAra karatA hai / ataH sambhava hai ki dhanaJjaya bhI bhATToM ke isI sampradAya ke samarthaka aura poSaka rahe hoN| yadi yahI vastusthiti hai to dhanaJjaya ke mImAMsaka hone meM koI sandeha nahIM raha jAtA hai aura yahI satya bhI pratIta hotA hai / DaoN0 zrInivAsa zAstrI bhI spaSTa rUpeNa dhanaJjaya ke rasa-siddhAnta ko mImAMsA ke AdhAra para parikalpita svIkAra karate haiN| _dhanaJjaya ke viparIta rAmacandra-guNacanda ke rasa-vivecana meM kisI bhI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi kA nitAnta abhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai| pUrvAgraha ke abhAva ke kAraNa hI vaha yathArthavAdI aura laukika bhAvanA se anusyUta hai tathA isI AdhAra para vaha AcArya bharata ke mUla mantavya ke sarvAdhika nikaTa bhI pratIta hotA hai| pUrvavat yadi bharata ke rasa-sUtra ke vyAkhyAtAoM ko TokAoM para vicAra kareM to rAmacandra-guNacandra kA vivecana bhaTTa lollaTa kI vicAra dhArA se paryApta sAmya rakhatA hai| ___AcArya bharata ke rasa sUtra kI vyAkhyA ke prasaGga meM bhaTTalollaTa kA vicAra hai ki sthAyIbhAva ke sAtha vibhAva Adi ke saMyoga se rasa-niSpatti hotI hai / vibhAva cittavRtti rUpa sthAyI ko utpatti me kAraNabhUta haiN| rasajanya anubhAva isa prasaGga meM vivakSita nahIM haiM, kyoMki vaha svayaM rasa se utpanna hone ke kAraNa usake kAraNa nahIM ho skte| Alambana vibhAva ke anubhAva hI kAraNa ke rUpa meM vivakSita haiN| vyabhicArIbhAva yadyapi cittavRttyAtmaka hone se sthAyIbhAva ke sahabhAvI nahIM ho sakate tathApi unakA vAsanAtmaka rUpa hI yahA~ abhISTa hai| bharata dvArA pradatta dRSTAnta meM bhI vyaJjana Adi ke madhya kisI bhI sthAyI ke sadRza vAsanAtmaka aura kisI bhI vyabhicArI ne sadRza adbhuta sthiti hotI hai| isaliye vibhAva aura anubhAva Adi se upacita sthAyI hI rasa hotA hai| aparipuSTa hI sthAyI bhAva kahA jAtA hai / yaha rasa mukhyataH anukArya rAma Adi meM aura anusandhAna bala se anukartA meM hotA hai / katipaya vidvAn bhaTTalollaTa aura usake rasa-vivecana para bhI darzana ko Aropita karate rahe haiN| vAmana jhalakIkara unako bhadramatopajIvI mImAMsaka, AcArya vizvezvara uttara mImAMsaka arthAt vedAntI', aura DaoN0 kAnticandra pANDeya zaivarSa kahate haiN| DaoN0 tArakanAtha bAlI unako 1. duHkhAtyantamucchede sati prAgAtmavartinaH / sukhasya manasA muktirmuktiruktA kumArilaiH / / mAnameyodaya / bhAratIya darzana, pR0 635 se uddhRta / 2. daza-bhUmikA : DA0 zrInivAsa zAstrI, pR0 35-36 / 3. atra bhaTTalollaTa prabhRtayasyAvadeyaM vyAcakhyuH-vibhAvAdibhiH saMyogo'rthAt sthAyinastato rasa-niSpattiH / tatra vibhAvazcitta vatteH sthApyAtmikAyAH utpattau kAraNama / ana bhAvAzca na rasajanyA tatra vivakSitAH / teSAM rasakAraNatvena gaNanAnahatvAt / apitu bhAvanAmeva ye'nubhAvAH / vyabhicAriNazca cittavRttyAtmakatvAd yadyapi na sahabhAvinaH sthAyinA tathApi vAsanAtmaneha tasya vivakSitAH / dRSTAnte'pi vyaJjanAdimadhye kasyacid vAsanAtmakatA sthApivat / anyasyodbhutatA vyabhicArivat / tena sthAyyeva vibhAvAnubhAvAdibhirUpacito rasaH / sthAyI bhavatvanu pacitaH / sa cobhayorapi / mukhyayA vRttyA rAmAdau anukArye'nukartaryapi cAnusandhAnabalAt- iti / abhi0 bhA0 (nA0 zA0 bhAga-1) pR0 272 / 4. bAlabo0 ( kA0 pra0-vAmana jhalakIkara ) pR0 225 / 5. kA0 pra0 pR0 101-102 / 6. hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana estheTiksa pR0 28 /

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dazarUpaka aura nATyadarpaNa meM rasa-svarUpa evaM niSpatti : eka tulanAtmaka vivecana . 133 asatkAryavAda se sambaddha karate haiN| pI0 vI0 kANe ne unako pUrva mImAMsaka kahA hai| vAstava meM puSTa pramANoM aura tathyoM ke abhAva meM ina pUrvAgrahoM ko prAmANika nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| tAttvika dRSTi se bhaTTalollaTa kI vyAkhyA kisI dArzanika pUrvAgraha se grasta pratIta nahIM hotI hai, pratyuta AcArya bharata ke mUla mantavya ke anurUpa vyavahAravAdI dRSTikoNa para pratiSThita hai| isa tathya kA samarthana aneka vidvAnoM ne bhI kiyA hai| DaoN0 premasvarUpa gupta, DaoN. nAgendra, DaoN. RSikumAra caturvedI aura DaoN0 rAmalakhana zukla kA nAma isa dRSTi se prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai| DaoN. RSi kumAra caturvadI aura DaoN0 rAmalakhana zukla' kA vicAra hai ki lollaTa kA anukArya se tAtparya kavi-nibaddha pAtroM athavA yoM kaheM ki sampUrNa nATyakRti se hI thA / vastutaH unakA Azaya laukika rAma Adi se hI thA, kavi-nibaddha rAma Adi se nahIM, kyoMki apane sattAtmaka abhAva ke kAraNa kavi-nibaddha pAtroM meM rasa kI sattA kA prazna hI utpanna nahIM hotA hai| apane yathArthavAdI evaM vastuniSTha dRSTikoNa ke kAraNa vaha laukika anukArya aura kavi-nibaddha anukArya meM antara anubhava nahIM kara sake / vAstava meM isa AkSepa ke AdhAra para bhI aisA svIkAra karane para rasa kA svarUpa lokika ho jAyegA, isa tathya ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| bhaTTalollaTa kA rasa kA vivecana laukika dharAtala para hI abhISTa thA, alaukika dharAtala para nhiiN| ataH unakI dRSTi meM laukika anukArya hI pratyakSa rasa kA vAstavika bhoktA hai aura Azraya bhii| anukartA aura sAmAjika kI vAsanA bhI unako mAnya hai, tathApi inakI rasa viSayaka pratyakSAnubhUti unako svIkArya nahIM hai| yahI bhaTTalollaTa aura rAmacandra-guNacandra meM AdhArabhUta maulika sAmya hai| nATyadarpaNa meM spaSTarUpeNa rAma Adi laukika anukArya ko bhI rasa kA Azraya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| laukika rasa ko spaSTa svIkRti dene vAle rAmacandra-guNacandra prathama saMskRtAcArya haiN| isI AdhAra para ve rasa kA la kagata aura kAvyagata tathA niyata viSayatva evaM aniyata arthAt sAmAnya viSayatva ke rUpa meM punaH dvidhA vibhaktikaraNa karate haiM / ve bhI lokagata rasa ko pratyakSa evaM svagata kahate haiM / kAvyagata rasa unakI dRSTi meM parokSa aura paragata hai / sAmAjika ko hone vAlI rasAnubhUti ko bhI ve parokSa hI svIkAra karate haiM, pratyakSa nhiiN| bhaTTalollaTa ke hI samAna anukartA kI bhI rasAnubhUti kA ve kathana karate haiN| dhanaJjaya bhI yahA~ isa vicAra dhArA ke samarthaka haiN| rAmacandra-guNacandra kI anubhAva ke svarUpa-vivecana kI paddhati para bhI bhaTTalollaTa kA spaSTa prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| laukika prema Adi ko pratyakSa rasa ke rUpa meM svIkRta rUpa AdhArabhUta 1. rasa siddhAnta kA dArzanika tathA naitika vivecana pR0 37 / ( uparyukta donoM uddharaNa DaoN0 nagendra ke rasa siddhAnta ke pR0 / 49 se uddhRta / ) 2. hisTrI oNpha saMskRta poyaTiksa-pI0 vI0 kANe, pR0 51 / 3. rasagaGgAdhara kA zAstrIya adhyayana pR0 126 / 4. rasa-siddhAnta : DaoN0 nagendra pR0 150 / 5 rasa-siddhAnta : DaoN0 RSi kumAra caturvedI pR0 58 / 6. sAdhAraNIkaraNa : eka zAstrIya adhyayana pR0 37 / 7. rasa-siddhAnta : DaoN0 maharSikumAra caturvedI pR0 59 / 8. sAdhAraNIkaraNa : eka zAstrIya adhyayana pR0 23, 35 /

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134 kAjI aJjuma saiphI sAmya ke atirikta rAmacandra-guNacandra bhaTTalollaTa se bhinna anya navIna tathyoM kA bhI pratipAdana karate haiM / bhaTTalollaTa rasa ke tIna AdhAroM kA kathana karate haiM-anukArya, anukartA aura sAmAjika / rAmacandra-guNacandra inameM kAvya ke zrotA aura anusandhAtA ko bhI sammilita kara inakA kSetra aura adhika vikasita kara dete haiN| laukika rasa kI svIkRti kA bIja yadyapi unhoMne bhaTTalollaTa se grahaNa kiyA hai, tathApi usako pUrNa spaSTatA ke sAtha svIkAra karane tathA pallavita karane kA zreya unako hI prApta hotA hai| laukika evaM kAvyika rasa meM niyata viSayatva evaM aniyata viSayatva, pratyakSatA evaM parokSatA, svagatatA evaM paragatatA aura dhyAmalatA Adi ke rUpa meM usakA adhika sUkSma evaM vargIkRta vivecana prastuta kara ve bhaTTalollaTa kI paramparA ko lakSyonmukhI gatizIlatA pradAna karate haiM / aba dhanaJjaya aura rAmacandra-guNacandra kI vaiyaktika rasa-viSayaka mAnyatAoM kI ora dRSTipAta karate haiN| sarvaprathama dhanaJjaya dvArA tAtparyazakti ke vistRta viSaya-kSetra ke AdhAra para vyaJjanA kI asvIkRti para vicAra kreN| vastutaH isa sambandha meM dhanika dhanaJjaya dvArA mAtra saMketita mantavya kA vistRta vyAkhyAna karate haiM / ataH yahA~ dhanika ke etatsambaddha vicAroM ko saMkSepa meM prastuta karanA aprAsaGgika evaM anucita na hogaa| dhanika kA abhimata hai ki samasta vAkyoM ke kAryaparaka hone se kAvya ke vAkyoM kA kArya AnandAnubhUti hI siddha hotA hai| kAvya ke zabdoM kI pravRtti ke viSaya ke pratipAdaka vibhAva Adi ke hone ke kAraNa yaha AnandAnubhUti meM nimittabhUta hote haiM / ataH yahI tAtparyArtha ke rUpa meM vibhinna rasoM kA pratipAdana karate haiN| abhidhA, tAtparya aura lakSaNA se bhinna koI zabda-zakti nahIM hai / tAtparyazakti kI koI parimita sImA nahIM hai| pravRtti-nivRtti-bodha rUpa kArya paryanta hI isakA vistAra athavA prasAra hotA hai| vastutaH vaktA ke vivakSita artha paryanta tAtparya kA paryavasAna hotA hai|' ataH spaSTa hai ki dhanika tathA usake anurUpa dhanaJjaya bhI tAtparyavRtti ke kSetra ko vyaJjanA paryanta vistRta kara usako isameM hI antarmukta kara lete haiN| nizcitarUpeNa unakI yaha tAtparyavRtti kumArila bhaTTa Adi mImAMsakoM kI saMkucita aura maryAdita tAtparyavRtti se paryApta bhinna hai| yaha dhanaJjaya kA maulika cintana evaM navIna dRSTi hai| mImAMsA sAhitya ko vAstava meM unakA RNI honA caahie| saca pUchA jAye to dhanaJjaya kI isa tAtparyavRtti aura dhvanivAdiyoM kI vyaJjanAvRtti meM koI maulika bheda nahIM hai / yadi dhanaJjaya kumArila dvArA pratipAdita tAtparyavRtti meM hI vyaMgyArtha ke antarbhAva kA prayatna karate to unakI saphalatA sandigdha thI, kintu usako vyApaka svarUpa dekara usameM samasta dhvaniprapaJca ko antarbhUta karane meM vaha saphala pratIta hote haiM / isa prakAra vaha mImAMsA sampradAya kI apekSA dhvanisampradAya ke adhika nikaTa A gaye haiN| yahA~ taka ki yadi unake dvArA pratipAdita tAtparyavRtti ko ho vyaJjanAvRtti kaha diyA jAye to koI tAttvika antara nahIM pdd'egaa|' ------ 1. dhanika-vRtti ( 4210 ) pR0 334-339 / 2. rasa-siddhAnta : itihAsa aura mUlyAMkana pR0 180-181 /

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dazarUpaka aura nATya darpaNa meM rasa-svarUpa evaM niSpatti : eka tulanAtmaka vivecana 135 AcArya mammaTa ne tAtparyavAda kA khaNDana karane ke lie usakI mUlabhUta mAnyatA 'yAvatkArya prasAritA' kI kalpanA para hI prahAra kiyA hai, kintu unakA yaha kathana kumArila dvArA pratipAdita tAtparyavAda ko lekara hI prerita hai / dhanaJjaya evaM dhanika ne tAtparya kI mImAMsA zAstra nibaddha kalpanA ko udAra banAkara itanA vistRta kara diyA hai ki usameM vyaJjanAvAdiyoM ke nikhila prapaJca kA antarbhAva ho jAtA hai tathA vyaJjanA aura tAtparya eka hI ho jAte haiN| parantu DaoN0 narezacandra pAThaka ke uparyukta vicAroM ke sandarbha meM bhI dhanaJjaya ke isa mantavya ko pUrNataH svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| unakI dRSTi meM vAcyArtha padArtha sthAnIya aura vyaGgyArtha vAkyArtha sthAnIya hai| vAstava meM padArtha-vAcyArtha aura vAcyArtha-vyaGgyArtha kI prakRti paraspara nitAnta bhinna hai| vAcyArtha vyaGgyArtha meM padArtha-vAcyArtha-nyAya ghaTita nahIM hotA hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki padArtha-vAkyArtha meM ghaTatadapAdAnakAraNa-nyAya hotA hai arthAta jisa prakAra ghaTa ke jJAna ke samaya kapAla-dvaya rUpa usake upAdana kAraNa kI pRthak-pRthak pratIti nahIM hotI hai, usI prakAra vAkyArtha-bodha ke samaya paraspara ananvita padArtha-bodha bhI nahIM hotA hai; kyoMki vAkyArtha-bodha ke lie padArthoM kI saMyukta pratIti Avazyaka hai, vipula pratIti nahIM / vAcyArtha aura vyaGagyArtha ke sambandha meM yaha nyAya ghaTita nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki vyaGagyArtha ko pratIti ke sAtha-sAtha vAcyArtha bhI avabhAsita hotA hai, donoM kI samakAlika sattA paraspara virodhI nahIM hai| vyaGgyArtha kI pratipatti ke lie vAcyArtha kI pratIti kI sAdhanarUpatA ko AcArya Anandavardhana ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai / aba yadi vibhAva aura rasa ke prasaGga meM isa vastusthiti kA avalokana kareM to svayaM dhanaJjaya kA mata hI unake viparIta dRSTigata hotA hai; kyoMki rasa kI anubhUti ke samaya vibhAva Adi kI bhI pratIti hotI rahatI hai| inake kramazaH padArtha aura vAkyArtha-sthAnIya hone ke kAraNa donoM kI eka sAtha hone vAlI anubhUti asaGgata hai| ataH rasa ko vAkyArtha-sthApanIya svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / rasa vAkyArtha se bhinna vyaGgyArtha hI hai aura vaha tAtparyazakti kA viSaya nahIM hai / usake lie vyaJjanAvRtti kI svIkRti anivArya hai| bhaTTanAyaka kI AlocanA ke prasaGga meM AcArya abhinavagupta unake bhAvakatva vyApAra ko vyaJjanA se abhinna siddha kara dete haiN| unakI AlocanA ko yathAvat dhanaJjaya para bhI lAgU kiyA jA sakatA hai| abhinavagupta ke anusAra bhAvakatva vyApAra kA koI pRthak ho jAtA hai / 'bhAvaka' zabda svayaM 'utpanna honA' arthavAlI 'bhU' dhAtu se niSpanna hai| ataH kAvya ko 1. rasa-siddhAnta : itihAsa aura mUlyAGkana pR0 181 / 2. na ca padArthavAkyArthanyAyovAcya[GgyoH / dhvanyA0 ( A0 ) pR0 1039 / 3. arthakatvAdekaM vAkyaM sAkAMkSaM cedvibhAge syAt / 46 / 2 / 2 jaiminIsUtra / dhvani-siddhAnta : virodhI sampradAya-unakI mAnyatAe~, pR0 306 se uddhRta / 4. yathA padArtha dvAreNa vAkyArtha : saMpratIyate / vAcyArtha pUrvikA tadvatpratipattasya vastunaH // 1 / 10 dhvanyA0 .

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kAjI aJjama saiphI rasoM kA bhAvaka kahanA prakArAntara se svayaM hI usake utpatti-pakSa ko svIkAra karanA hai| dhyAtavya hai ki svapakSa kI sthApanA se pUrva svayaM bhaTTanAyaka rasotpatti kA khaNDana karate haiN| eka tathya yaha bhI hai ki mAtra kAvya-zabda hI rasa ke bhAvaka nahIM hote; kyoMki artha ke ajJAna kI sthiti meM yaha sambhava nahIM hai aura ekAkI artha bhI bhAvakatva kI sAmarthya se rahita hotA hai, kyoMki usake bodhaka vibhinna zabdoM ke prayoga se bhI rasa-bhAvanA nahIM hotI hai| ataH zabda aura artha donoM sammilita rUpa se rasa ke bhAvaka hote haiN| ina donoM ke bhAvakatva kA to svayaM hamane bhI kathana kiyA hai ki jaba zabda athavA artha svayaM ko athavA apane artha ko gauNa karake vyaGagyArtha ko prakaTa karate haiM, taba vidvAn usa kAvya ko dhvani kahate haiN| isalie guNa, alaGkAra aura aucitya Adi itikartavyatA rUpa vyaJjanA-vyApAra ke mAdhyama se hI kAvya rasoM ko bhAvita karatA hai| aMzatrayI bhAvanA ke karaNa nAmaka aMza meM dhvanana vyApAra hI hotA hai| bhAvakatva kI dhvanana vyApAra meM antarbhu kta ke kAraNa dhanaJjaya aura dhanika kI sampUrNa mAnyatA svayameva dhvasta ho jAtI hai| DaoN0 rAmalakhana zukla dvArA kRta dhanaJjaya kI yaha AlocanA bhI ucita pratIta hotI hai ki unhoMne kavi kalpanA ko spaSTataH svIkAra kara liyA hai aura yaha siddha kiyA hai ki sAmAjika kI vAsanA ko udrikta karane meM vaha sahAyaka siddha hotI hai aura pariNAmasvarUpa sAmAjika apanI hI vAsanA kI rasarUpa meM carvaNA karatA hai, kintu sAmAjika kI vAsanA ko spaSTa svIkRti dekara bhI unhoMne usakI abhivyakti na mAnakara bahuta bar3I bhUla kI hai| sthAyIbhAva vAsanArUpa meM pratyeka sAmAjika meM avasthita rahate haiN| vibhAva Adi unhIM sthAyI bhAvoM ko udrikta karate haiM aura sAmAjika kI carvaNA svagata hI hotI hai| isa prakAra yadi hama dekheM to yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki rasa kI abhivyakti hI hotI hai| vaha vAcyArtha ke rUpa meM pratIta nahIM hotaa| unhoMne kAvya ko rasavAn kaha kara yaha siddha kiyA hai ki yaha lAkSaNika prayoga hai| unakA kahanA hai ki rasodreka meM kAvya sahAyaka bhUtatattva hai| vaha vastutaH rasavAn nahIM hotA, rasavAn to sAmAjika hotA hai| itanA svIkAra karane ke bAvajUda unhoMne vAkyArtha meM hI rasa kaise mAna liyA ? yadi sthAyIbhAva hI vibhAvAdi se AsvAda-yogya banAye jAte haiM aura ye sthAyI bhAva sAmAjika ke haiM, jaisA ki dhanaJjaya aura dhanika ne svIkAra kiyA hai, to unakI mAnyatA nizcaya hI unake apane mata ke viparIta par3atI hai, --------- ------------ -- ------------- bhAvakatvamapi samucita guNAlaGkAraparigrahAtmakasmAbhireva vitatya vakSyate / kimitadapUrvam / kAvyaM ca rasAna pratibhAvakamiti yaducyate tatra bhavataiva bhAvanAdutpatti pakSa eva pratyujjIvitaH / lo0 (dhvanyA0 bhAga 1 ) pR0 317 / 2. bhaTTanAyakastvAha-raso na pratIyate / notpadyate / nAbhivyaMjyate / abhi. bhA0 (nA0 zA0 bhAga-1) pU. 276 / 3. na ca kAvyazabdAnAM kevalaM bhAvaka tvam, arthAparijJAne tadbhAvAt / na ca kevalAnAmarthAnAm, zabdAntareNA lmANatve tadayogAt / dvayostu bhAvakatvamasmAbhirevoktam / yathArthaH zabdo vA tamarthaM vyaktaH / 31 ityatra / tasmAd vyaJjakatvAraNyena vyApAreNa guNAlaGkArocityAdikaya ti kartavyaM tayA kAvyaM bhAvakaM rasAn bhAvayati, iti tryaMzAyAmapi bhAvanAyAM karaNAMze dhvanananeva niyatati / lo0 (dhvanyA0 bhAga-1) pR0 316-317 /

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dazarUpaka aura nATyadarpaNa meM rasa-svarUpa evaM niSpatti : eka tulanAtmaka vivecana 137 kyoMki vAcyArtha kA sambandha kAvya se hai aura kAvya meM rasa kI niSpatti nahIM hotii| rasa-rasanA kI niSpatti to sAmAjika meM hotI hai| ___DaoN0 rAmalakhana zukla dhanaJjaya dvArA kAvyAsvayita sAmAjika ke pariprekSya meM miTTI Adi se nirmita hAthI Adi krIDanaka ke sAtha krIr3Arata tathA phalasvarUpa apane utsAha kA ho AsvAdana karane vAle bAlaka ke udAharaNa kI AlocanA karate haiM aura isa para zaGkaka ke citra-turaMga-nyAya kA prabhAva svIkAra karate haiN| isa sambandha meM dhanaJjaya kI AlocanA karane se pUrva hamako yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki isase pUrva pakti meM hI isake hetubhUta vibhAva Adi ke nirvizeSa svarUpa kI kAvya dvArA prastuti kA dhanaJjaya kathana kara cuke haiN| ataH isa samaya nAyaka Adi ke sAmAnya rUpa ke sAtha sAmAjika ke tanmaya ho jAne kI avasthA hai| dhanaJjaya isa udAharaNa ke mAdhyama se do tathyoM ko spaSTa karanA cAhate haiN| prathama, vibhAva Adi ke avAstavika hone para bhI kAvya dvArA upasthApita usake sAmAnya svarUpa ke sAtha sahRdaya kI tanmayatA aura svastha Ananda kA hI usake dvArA AsvAdana | bAlaka jaba kRtrima krIDanakoM ke sAtha khelatA hai, taba abodhatAvaza vaha unako na to vAstavika hAthI-ghor3A samajhatA hai aura na hI kRtrima / ina donoM hI avasthAoM se mukta hokara vaha usake sAtha rAgAtmaka sambandha sthApita kara letA hai| krIr3A ke samaya usako apane hI utsAha Adi kI anubhUti hotI hai, isameM to koI sandeha hI nahIM hai / dhanaJjaya sahRdaya ke rasAsvAda ko krIDArata bAlaka ke sadRza nahIM kaha rahe haiM, apitu upamA mAtra de rahe haiN| sambhavataH DaoN0 zukla ko isameM isalie bhI anaucitya pratIta huA ki vaha bAlaka ke svotsAhAsvAdana ko praur3ha sAmAjika kI dRSTi se dekhate haiN| vastutaH usako bhI usI pariprekSya meM abodha bAla-dRSTi se dekheM to yaha anaucitya anucita hI pratIta hogaa| DaoN0 sulekhacandra zarmA bhI dhanaJjaya dvArA pradatta isa udAharaNa kI mahattA ko svIkAra karate haiN| unake anusAra yaha sahRdaya ke anubhava-saMsAra tathA kAvya-pariveza ke antaH sambandha ko krIDAparaka avadhAraNA ke AdhAra para vizleSita karatI hai| yadyapi dhanaJjaya ne krIDAvRtti meM kisI dArzanika athavA manovaijJAnika sandarbha ko apanI avadhAraNA ke mUla meM sthApita nahIM kiyA hai, kintu anukArya ke kAvyopahita svarUpa ke sAtha pramAtA ke antaHsambandha kI saMkalpanA kA eka viziSTa dharAtala isa vyAkhyA se udghATita huA hai| aba rAmacandra-guNacandra ke mantavya kI ora AlocanAtmaka dRSTipAta karate haiM / sarvaprathama unakI laukika prema Adi kI bhI rasa-rUpa meM svIkRti se sambaddha avadhAraNA kA avalokana kreN| vastutaH sudIrgha nATyazAstra paramparA meM kisI bhI AcArya dvArA lokagata rasa kI sattA-svIkRti kA Agraha nahIM kiyA gayA / ApavAdika rUpa meM bhaTTanAyaka kA ullekha avazya kiyA jA sakatA hai| tathyAtmaka dRSTikoNa se rAmacandra-guNacandra kI isa mAnyatA kA samarthana ucita pratIta nahIM hotA hai| loka aura nATya kI prakRti sarvathA bhinna hotI hai| isa sambandha meM DaoN. rAmamUrti tripAThI ko uddhRta karanA avasarAnurUpa hogaa| unakA kathana hai ki merA ekamatya unase bilkula nahIM hai jo yaha mAnate haiM 1. sAdhAraNIkaraNa : eka zAstrIya adhyayana pR0 108 / 2. pUrvokta pR0 109-110 / 3. abhinavottara saMskRta-kAvya-zAstra meM sAdhAraNIkaraNa-vimarza 50 42 / 4. pUrvokta pR0 47 / 18

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138 kAjI ajuma saiphI ki vyavahAropayogI yA hAni-lAbhopayogI vyAvahArika sAmagrI evaM rasAtmaka pariNati pradAna karane vAlI rasocita sAmagrI kI prakRti meM koI antara nahIM hai| isalie unakA mata bhI nitAnta upekSya hai, jo roz2amarrA ke sAmAnya laukika anubhavoM se rasAtmaka anubhava kA antara svIkAra nahIM krte| laukika ghaTanAoM evaM sAdhana-sAmagrI para vyakti kA niyantraNa nahIM hotaa| unako yathAvat rUpa meM vyakti ko svIkAra karanA hI par3atA hai| isake viparIta nATya-sAmagrI svAdhIna hotI hai-nirmAtA kavi kI dRSTi se aura grahItA sahRdaya kI dRSTi se bhii| kahA bhI gayA hai ki asImita kAvya-saMsAra kA prajApati kavi hI hotA hai aura samasta vizva isakI icchAnurUpa hI parivartita hotA hai / ataH loka aura kAvya kI prakRti kI bhinnatA ke AdhAra para usase udbhuta rasa kI prakRti meM bhI antara svIkAra karanA pdd'egaa| isalie rAmacandra-guNacandra kI lokagata aura kAvyagata rasa kI avadhAraNA ko samAna dharAtala para svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA | vAstava meM kAvyika rasa kI udAtta anubhUti ke samakSa rakhanA usakI udAttatA aura garimA se cyuta karanA hai / eka tathya yaha bhI Alocya hai ki yadyapi rAmacandra-guNacandra yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki lokagata kArya, hetu evaM sahacArI ko hI kAvya meM kramazaH anubhAva, vibhAva aura vyabhicArI kahA jAtA hai tathApi lokagata rasa ke nirUpaNa ke avasara para bhI unhoMne 'vibhAva' Adi zabdoM kA hI prayoga kiyA hai, hetu Adi kA nahIM / utkarSa prApta cittavRtti rUpa sthAyIbhAva ko hI rasa svIkAra karane para bhI svayaM unake dvArA kAvyagata rasa ko apratyakSa evaM paragata tathA lokagata rasa ko pratyakSa evaM svagata kahanA virodhAbhAsI vaktavya hai / sambhavataH rAmacandra-guNacandra laukika rasa ko hI mUla rasa svIkAra karate haiM aura kAvya meM lokagata kAraNa Adi kI hI zAbdika vibhAva Adi ke rUpa meM upasthiti ke AdhAra para mUlataH anukArya rAma Adi kI dRSTi se inakI parokSatA aura paragatatA kA kathana karate haiN| vastutaH cittavRttyAtmaka sthAyI bhAva ke sAmAjikastha hone aura vibhAva Adi ke sAdhAraNIkRta hone meM inake mUla anukArya se asambaddha ho jAne ke kAraNa sahRdaya kI rasAnubhUti ko pratyakSa aura svagata svIkAra kiyA jAnA cAhie, parokSa evaM paragata nahIM / ataH rAmacandra-guNacandra kI etad viSayaka mAnyatA bhI pUrNataH asvIkArya hai| rAmacandra-guNacandra rasa kI lokottaratA kA to kathana karate haiM; parantu isa sambandha meM diyA gayA unakA tarka vicitra hai| kAvyagata vibhAvoM ke avAstavika hone se sAmAjikastha anubhAvoM aura vyabhicAriyoM kI aspaSTatA ko isa lokottaratA kA AdhAra svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| eka tathya yaha bhI dhyAtavya hai ki rAmacandra-guNacandra yahA~ rasa ko lokottara kahate haiM, alaukika nhiiN| rasa ko sukha-duHkhAtmaka rUpa ubhayAtmaka prakRti ke udghoSaka hone ke kAraNa ve abhinavagupta Adi samasta rasa ke alaukikatva kA samarthana karane kI sthiti meM nahIM haiM / ataH unake dvArA mAnya rasa kI 1. rasa-vimarza:1087 / 2. apAre kAvya saMsAre kavireva prajApatiH / yathAsmai rocate vizvaM tathaiva parivartate // dhvanyA ( utta0 ) pR0 1229 / 3. vivRtti, nA0 da0 pR0 142 /

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dazarUpaka aura nATyadarpaNa meM rasa-svarUpa evaM niSpatti : eka tulanAtmaka vivecana 139 lokottaratA lokagata rasa se usakI bhinna prakRti kA bodhamAtra karAtI hai tathApi unakI yaha lokottaratA viSayaka avadhAraNA bhI sarvathA agrAhya hai| aba sAmAjika kI rasAnubhUti ke sambandha meM dhanaJjaya aura rAmacandra-guNacandra ke vicAroM ko tulanAtmaka dRSTi se dekheM / donoM ke vicAroM meM antara parilakSita hotA hai / rUpaka racanA ke samaya rAma Adi vAstavika anukArya ke upasthita na hone para bhI RSitulya kavi apane jJAna-cakSuoM se unake darzana kara kAvya meM unakA upanibandhana karatA hai| isa prakAra kavi-kalpanA aura kAvyanirmANa meM unake mahattva ko dhanaJjaya aura rAmacandra-guNacandra samAnarUpeNa svIkAra karate haiN| dhanaJjajaya kI mAnyatA hai ki kavi nibaddha anukArya vAstavika anukArya se bhinna hote haiM kyoMki kAvya meM kavi vyakti-vizeSa kA nahIM apitu unakI dhIrodAtta Adi avasthAoM kA hI citraNa karatA hai| vyaktigata vaicitrya se rahita ye avasthAe~ hI sAmAjikastha 'rati' Adi ko bhAvita kara usake rasAsvAda meM nimittabhUta hotI haiN|' dhanaJjaya ne yadyapi bhaTTanAyaka ke 'sAdhAraNIkaraNa' zabda kA prayoga to nahIM kiyA tathApi yahA~ vaha aspaSTataH vibhAva Adi ke sAdhAraNIkaraNa kA hI kathana karate haiN| isI prasaGga meM yaha bhI dhyAtavya hai ki vibhAva Adi ke sadRza sthAyIbhAva ke sAdhAraNIkaraNa kA ullekha bhaTTanAyaka ke samAna unhoMne bhI nahIM kiyA hai| sambhavataH dhanaJjaya ne vibhAva Adi ke sAdhAraNIkaraNa kI avasthA meM sthAyIbhAva ke sAdhAraNIkaraNa ko sAmAnya prakriyA samajha kara anirdiSTa hI chor3a diyaa| DaoN0 rAmalakhana zukla ke anusAra vibhAva Adi ke sAtha sthAyIbhAva ke sAdhAraNIkaraNa kI svIkRti avazya honI cAhie, anyathA rasa kisa AdhAra para bhAvyamAna hogaa| kAvya-saundarya jaba sAmAjika kI cetanA ko uttejita kara detA hai, usa samaya kAvyanihita bhAva se sAmAjika kA nijI bhAva ubuddha ho jAtA hai aura sAdhAraNIbhUta rUpa meM hI usakI udbuddhi hogii| sAmAjika ke vAsanArUpa sAdhAraNIbhUta bhAva kI ubuddhi hI rasa ke bhAvita hone meM kAraNa hotI hai|2 bhaTTanAyaka ke prasaGga meM unake dvArA anukta hone para bhI sthAyIbhAva ke sAdhAraNIkaraNa ko svAbhAvika prakriyA ke rUpa meM govinda Thakkura aura vAmana jhalakIkara ne bhI nirdiSTa kiyA hai| rasAnubhUti kI isa prakriyA meM rAmacandra-guNacandra kahIM bhI dhanaJjaya ke sadRza vibhAva Adi ke sAdhAraNIkaraNa ko spaSTa rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| unakI dRSTi meM to isake mUla meM adhyavasAya kA bhAva hI sakriya hai| isake bhI do caraNa haiM / prathama to anukartA kA mUla anukArya ke sAtha adhyavasAya hotA hai aura dvitIya prekSaka kA | anukartA ke adhyavasAya meM usake dvArA kavinibaddha caritra kA punaH-punaH adhyayana, abhinaya viSayaka atyanta abhyAsa aura sAkSAtdRSTa se mUla anukArya ke anukaraNa kI bhAvanA isameM sahAyaka hotI hai / prekSaka ke adhyavasAya meM vAstavika anukArya se sambaddha 1. daza0 4 / 40-41 pUrvA / 2. sAdhAraNIkaraNa : eka zAstrIya adhyayana pR0 142-143 / 3. bhAvakattvaM sAdhAraNIkaraNama / tena hi vyApAreNa vibhAvAdayaH sthAyI ca sAdhAraNI kriyante / pUrvokta grantha ke pR0 142 se uddhRta / 4. anya sambandhitvenAsAdhAraNasya vibhAvAdeH sthAyinazca vyaktivizeSAMzaparihAreNopasthApanaM sAdhAraNIkaraNam" tadAtmanA / bhAvyamAnaH sAdhAraNI kriyamANaH / bAlabo0 (kA0 pra0-vAmana jhalakIkara) 10 107 /

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140 kAjI aJjama saiphI zabda-saMketoM ke jJAna, abhinaya ke samaya zabdAyamAna atyanta hRdayahArI pAzva-saMgota aura caturvidha abhinaya se utpanna sajIvatA nimittabhUta hotI hai isa prakAra prekSaka anukartA meM hI mUla anukArya kA adhyavasAya kara usake sukha-duHkha meM tanmaya hokara usakI sukha-duHkhAtmaka avasthAoM kA anubhava karatA hai|' rAmacandra-guNacandra spaSTataH vibhAva Adi rUpa kavi-nibaddha anukArya kA nivizeSIkaraNa athavA sAmAnyIkaraNa usa rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM karate, jisa rUpa meM dhanaJjaya ko svIkArya hai aura isa bhrAntivaza unakI dRSTi meM tatpazcAt hI prekSaka anukArya ke sukha duHkha meM tanmayIbhAva ko prApta ho jAtA hai| vastutaH yadi rAmacandra-guNacandra ke vicAroM ko dRSTi meM rakhakara saMskRtAcAryoM kI sampUrNa paramparA para dRSTipAta kareM to hama sahasA hI antima praur3ha AcArya paNDitarAja jagannAtha para ruka jAte haiN| jagannAtha spaSTarUpeNa sAdhAraNIkaraNa kA virodha kara tAdAtmya siddhAnta ko sthAni haiN| unake anusAra sAdhAraNIkaraNa bhI doSa vizeSa kI kalpanA ke binA sambhava nahIM hai| ataH sAdhAraNIkaraNa aura doSa vizeSa rUpa do hetuoM kI svIkRti ke sthAna para bhAvanA rUpa ke AdhAra para pramAtA kI Azraya ke sAtha abheda-buddhi ko svIkAra karanA hI adhika zreyaskara pratIta hotA hai| isa prakriyA meM sAdhAraNIkaraNa kA saralatayA parihAra ho jAtA hai| isa dRSTi se paNDitarAja jagannAtha ko rAmacandra-guNacandra kI paramparA meM rakhA jA sakatA hai| parantu yadi rasAnubhUti ke sambandha meM rAmacandra-guNacandra kI niyataviSayaka aura aniyata arthAt sAmAnya viSayaka avadhAraNA kA avalokana kareM to aisA pratIta hotA hai ki vaha sAdhAraNIkaraNa vyApAra ko svIkAra karate haiM, kyoMki unakA spaSTa kathana hai ki vAstavika na hone para bhI kAvya evaM abhinaya ke mAdhyama se vidyamAna-se pratIta hone vAle vibhAva anusandhAtA, prekSaka aura zrotA ke sAmAnya sthAyIbhAva ko hI rasa ke rUpa meM ubuddha karate haiN| kAvya athavA nATaka Adi meM sItA ke prati rAma ke zRMgArabhAva kA anukaraNa kiye jAne para sAmAjika meM sItA viSayaka zRMgAra kA samullAsa nahIM hotA hai, apitu usako sAmAnya strI viSayaka rasAsvAda hI hotA hai| DaoN0 ke0 eca0 trivedI' aura DaoN0 sulekhacandra zarmA bhI rAmacandra-guNacandra dvArA sAdhAraNIkaraNavyApAra kI svIkRti kA kathana karate haiN| nizcita rUpa se unakI yaha avadhAraNA unakI hI mala anukArya ke sAtha adhyavasAya athavA tAdAtmya kI mAnyatA ke viruddha pratIta hotI hai| sAdhAraNIkaraNa aura mUla anukArya ke sAtha tAdAtmya ke vicAroM para yadi dRSTipAta kareM to rAmacandra-guNacandra ko AcArya vizvanAtha kI zreNI meM rakhA jA sakatA hai| vizvanAtha bhI sAdhAraNIkaraNa aura anukArya se abheda arthAt tAdAtmya ko eka sAtha svIkAra karate haiN| unake anusAra 1. vivRtti, nA da0 pR0 167-168 / 2. yadyapi vibhAvAdInAM sAdhAraNyaM prAcIneruktama, tadapi kAvyena zakuntalAdizabdaiH zakuntalAtvAdi prakAzaka bodhajanakaiH pratipAdyamAneSu zakuntalAdiSu doSAvizeSakalpanaM vinA durUpapAdanam / ato'vazyakalpye doSavizeSe, tenaiva svAtmani duSyantAdyabhedabuddhirapi suuppaadaa| rasagaM0 10 114 / 3. vivRtti, nA. da0 pR0 142-143 / 4. di nATyadarpaNa oNpha rAmacandra eNDa guNa candra : e kriTikala sTaDI pR0 147 / 5. abhinavottara saMskRta-kAvyazAstra meM sAdhAraNIkaraNa-vimarza 10 65 /

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dazarUpaka aura nATyadarpaNa meM rasa-svarUpa evaM niSpatti : eka tulanAtmaka vivecana sAdhAraNIkRta vibhAva Adi ke prabhAva se hI pramAtA hanumAn Adi samudra-laGghana Adi rUpa alaukika kAryoM ke sAtha abheda sambandha sthApita kara letA hai aura taba vaha hanumAn Adi ke utsAha Adi kA anubhava karane lagatA hai|' yahA~ vizvanAtha ke mata meM yaha AzaGkA sambhava hai ki sAdhAraNIkRta hone para to hanumAn Adi viziSTa nahIM apitu sAmAnya ho jAte haiM, taba punaH unake viziSTa rUpa ke sAtha pramAtA abheda sambandha kisa prakAra sthApita kara sakatA hai / rAmacandra purI isa virodhAbhAsa kA samAdhAna prastuta karate hue kahate haiM ki yadi vicArapUrvaka dekhA jAye to vizvanAtha kA sAdhAraNIkaraNa se tAtparya yahI thA ki pramAtA ke lie nATya-kAvya nibaddha pAtroM kA sAdhAraNIkaraNa ho jAtA hai arthAt rAmAdi alaukika pAtra pramAtA Adi ke lie agamya nahIM raha jAte / vaha unake stara para pahu~ca jAtA hai to usake prabhAva se vaha unake sAtha tAdAtmya sthApita kara letA hai| aisI vyAkhyA karane para vizvanAtha aura jagannAtha eka hI siddhAnta ke sthApaka kahe jA sakate haiN| kyA unake isa spaSTIkaraNa ko rAmacandra-guNacandra ke prasaGga meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA? kyoMki AcArya vizvanAtha kA sAdhAraNIkaraNa bhI to pramAtA ke mUla anukArya ke sAtha tAdAtmya meM pUrva sopAna kA kArya karatA hai| AcArya bharata kA kathana hai ki sAmAnya guNayoga se rasa niSpanna hote haiN| sAdhAraNIkaraNa aura tAdAtmya siddhAntoM ke madhya unake bIjarUpa kA anusandhAna bharata ke ina zabdoM meM sambhava hai / isI prakAra dhanaJjaya dvArA svIkRta sAdhAraNIkaraNa aura rAmacandra-guNacandra dvArA svIkRta tAdAtmya athavA adhyavasAna ke aucitya-anaucitya viSayaka carcA meM lipta honA ucita pratIta nahIM hotA, tathApi itanA kathana anucita na hogA ki sAdhAraNIkaraNa ko svIkAra karane para bhI tAdAtmya ko kisI na kisI rUpa meM svIkAra avazya karanA hogaa| bhaTTa nAyaka dvArA nirUpita sAdhAraNIkaraNa siddhAnta ke saMzodhaka abhinavagupta ke vicAroM meM bhI tAdAtmya kI pratidhvani kA zravaNa sambhava hai| rAmacandra purI kA kathana hai ki AcArya bharata tathA bhaTTanAyaka ko bhI Azraya ke sAtha pramAtA ke tAdAtmya kA siddhAnta svIkArya thaa|* yadi yahI vastusthiti hai to dhanaJjaya ke sambandha meM bhI yaha kalpanA sahaja sambhava hai| 1. vyApAro'sti vibhAvAdernAmnA sAdhAraNI kRtiH| tatprabhAveNa, ysyaasnpaathodhiplvnaadyH||9|| pramAtA tadabhedena svAtmAnaM pratipadyate / utsAhAdisamudbodhaH sAdhAraNyAbhimAnataH // 10 // nRNAmapi samudrAdilaMghanAdau na duSyati // 11 // 3 sA0 da. 2. sAdhAraNIkaraNa aura tAdAtmya pR0 67 / 3. ebhyazca sAmAnyaguNayogena rasA niSpadyante / nA0 zA0 bhAga-1 pR0 348 / 4. tathAhi-laukikAnumAnena saMskRtaH pramadAdinA tatsthyena pratipadyate / apitu hRdayasaMvAdAtmaka sahRdayatva balAtpUrNIbhaviSyadrasAsvAdAkurIbhAvenAnumAnasmRtyAdisopAnamArUhya va tanmayIbhAvocitacarvaNAprANatayA / abhi0 bhA0 ( nA0 zA0 bhAga-1) pR0 284 / 5. sAdhAraNIkaraNa aura tAdAtmya pR0 61 /

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142 kAjI aJjama saiphI pramAtA kI rasAnubhUti ke sambandha meM yadi Adhunika manovaijJAnika dRSTikoNa se dekhA jAye to dhanaJjaya kI apekSA rAmacandra-guNacandra kI vicAradhArA satya ke adhika nikaTa pratIta hotI hai| DaoN. sulekhacandra zarmA bhI isa tathya ko svIkAra karate hue kahate haiM ki kAvyAsvAda aura lokAnubhUti ke jisa sambandha ko ve jisa yathAthaM manovaijJAnika AdhAra para pratiSThita karate haiM, usameM anubhUtiyoM ke sAmaJjasya ke guNAtmaka koTikrama kI Adhunika avadhAraNA unake cintana ko viziSTa banA detI hai| kAjI pAr3A, bijanaura (u. pra.) 246701 saMdarbha grantha 1. abhinavottara saMskRta-kAvyazAstra meM sAdhAraNIkaraNa-vimarza : DaoN. sulekha candra zarmA, devapANi pariSad dillI, prathama saMskaraNa 1983 / / 2. abhi. bhA.-abhinavabhAratI ( nATyazAstra se uddhRta) 3. kA. pra.-kAnya prakAza : mammaTa; AcArya vizvezvara, jJAnamaNDala limiTeDa, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa 1960 / 4. daza.-dazarUpaka : dhanaJjaya, DaoN. zrI nivAsa zAstrI, sAhitya bhaNDAra, meraTha, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1976 / 5. di nATyadarpaNa oNpha rAmacandra eNDa guNacandra-e kriTikala sTaDI : DaoN. eca. trivedI; ela. DI. insTI TyUTa oNpha iNDolaoNjI, ahamadAbAda, pharsTa eDizana 1966 / 6. dhanika-vRtti ( dhanaJjaya ke dazarUpaka se uddhRt)| 7. dhvani-siddhAnta : virodhI sampradAya-unakI mAnyatAe~ : DaoN. surezacandra pANDeya, vasumatI prakAzana, ilAhAbAda, prathama saMskaraNa 1972 / 8. dhvanyA.-dhvanyAloka : Anandavardhana, DaoN rAmasAgara tripAThI, dvitIya khaNDa, motIlAla banArasI dAsa, dillI, prathama saMskaraNa 1963 / . 9. nA. da.-nATyadarpaNa : rAmacandra-gaNacandra; oriyaNTala insTITyUTa, bar3audA 1959 / 10. nA. zA.-nATyazAstra : AcArya bharata; bhAga-1, orieNTala insTITyUTa bar3audA, dvitIya saMskaraNa 1956 / 11. bAla bo.-bAlabodhinI : bhaTTavAmanAcArya jhalakIkara dvArA racita kAvya prakAza kI TIkA : nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, dvitIya saMskaraNa 1901 / 12. bhAratIya darzana : baladeva upAdhyAya; zAradA mandira, vArANasI, 1971 / 13. rasa-siddhAnta : DaoN. RSikumAra caturvedI; granthAyana, sarvodaya nagara, sAsanIgeTa, alIgar3ha, prathama saMskaraNa 1981 / 14. rasagaMgAdhara kA zAstrIya adhyayana : DaoN. premasvarUpa gupta; bhArata prakAzana mandira, alIgar3ha, prathama - saMskaraNa 1962 / 15. rasa-siddhAnta : DaoN. nagendra : nezanala pabliziMga hAusa, dillI, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1976 / 1. abhinavottara saMskRta-kAvyazAstra meM sAdhAraNIkaraNa-vimarza pR0 65 /

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dazarUpaka aura nATyadarpaNa meM rasa-svarUpa evaM niSpatti : eka tulanAtmaka vivecana 143 16. rasa-siddhAnta : itihAsa aura mUlyAMkana : sampAdaka DaoN. rAmagopAla zarmA aura pratApacandra jaisavAla, samIkSA loka kAryAlaya, AgarA 1978 / 17. isa-vimarza : DA. rAmamati tripAThI, vidyAmandira. vArANasI. prathama saMskaraNa 1965 / 18. rasagaM.-rasagaMgAdhara-paNDitarAja jagannAtha, badarInAtha jhA aura madana mohana jhA, prathama Anana, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, dvitIya saMskaraNa 1964 / 19. lo0-locana, dhvanyAloka para abhinavagupta kI TIkA (dhvanyAloka se uddhRta) . saMskRta-nATya-siddhAnta : DaoN. ramAkAnta tripAThI, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa 21. sAdhAraNIkaraNa eka zAstrIya adhyayana : DA0 rAmalakhana zukla; sAhitya sadana, deharAdUna, prathama saMskaraNa 1967 / 22. sA0 da0-sAhitya darpaNa : vizvanAtha; zAlagrAma zAstrI, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI, saptama saMskararaNa 1973 / 23. sAdhAraNIkaraNa aura tAdAtmya : rAmacandra purI, pustaka pracAra, gAndhInagara, dillI, prathama saMskaraNa 1983 / 23. hi. nA0 da0-hindI nATyadarpaNa : rAmacandra-guNacandra, AcArya vizvezvara, hindI vibhAga, dillI vizvavidyAlaya, dillI, prathama saMskaraNa 1961 / / 25. hisTrI Apha saMskRta poyaTiksa : pI0 vI0 kANe, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI, tharDa eDizana 1961 /